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Journal articles on the topic 'Cellulose nanofibril (CNF)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Lafia-Araga, Ruth Anayimi, Ronald Sabo, Omid Nabinejad, Laurent Matuana, and Nicole Stark. "Influence of Lactic Acid Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanofibrils on the Properties of Cellulose Nanofibril Films and Cellulose Nanofibril–Poly(lactic acid) Composites." Biomolecules 11, no. 9 (2021): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11091346.

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In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were modified by catalyzed lactic acid esterification in an aqueous medium with SnCl2 as a catalyst. Films were made from unmodified and lactic acid-modified CNF without a polymer matrix to evaluate the effectiveness of the modification. Ungrafted and lactic acid-grafted CNF was also compounded with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to produce composites. Mechanical, water absorption, and barrier properties were evaluated for ungrafted CNF, lactic acid-grafted CNF films, and PLA/CNF composites to ascertain the effect of lactic acid modification on the properti

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2

Park, Ji-Soo, Chan-Woo Park, Song-Yi Han, et al. "Preparation and Properties of Wet-Spun Microcomposite Filaments from Various CNFs and Alginate." Polymers 13, no. 11 (2021): 1709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111709.

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We aimed to improve the mechanical properties of alginate fibers by reinforcing with various cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Pure cellulose nanofibril (PCNF), lignocellulose nanofibril (LCNF) obtained via deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment, and TEMPO-oxidized lignocellulose nanofibril (TOLCNF) were employed. Sodium alginate (AL) was mixed with PCNF, LCNF, and TOLCNF with a CNF content of 5–30%. To fabricate microcomposite filaments, the suspensions were wet-spun in calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution through a microfluidic channel. Average diameters of the microcomposite filaments were in th

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3

Park, Chan-Woo, Ji-Soo Park, Song-Yi Han, et al. "Preparation and Characteristics of Wet-Spun Filament Made of Cellulose Nanofibrils with Different Chemical Compositions." Polymers 12, no. 4 (2020): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040949.

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In this study, wet-spun filaments were prepared using lignocellulose nanofibril (LCNF), with 6.0% and 13.0% of hemicellulose and lignin, respectively, holocellulose nanofibril (HCNF), with 37% hemicellulose, and nearly purified-cellulose nanofibril (NP-CNF) through wet-disk milling followed by high-pressure homogenization. The diameter was observed to increase in the order of NP-CNF ≤ HCNF < LCNF. The removal of lignin improved the defibrillation efficiency, thus increasing the specific surface area and filtration time. All samples showed the typical X-ray diffraction pattern of cellulose I

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4

Cindradewi, Azelia Wulan, Rajkumar Bandi, Chan-Woo Park, et al. "Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Film Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibril." Polymers 13, no. 17 (2021): 2990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172990.

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In this study, cellulose acetate (CA)/cellulose nanofibril (CNF) film was prepared via solvent casting. CNF was used as reinforcement to increase tensile properties of CA film. CNF ratio was varied into 3, 5, and 10 phr (parts per hundred rubbers). Triacetin (TA) and triethyl citrate (TC) were used as two different eco-friendly plasticizers. Two different types of solvent, which are acetone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), were also used. CA/CNF film was prepared by mixing CA and CNF in acetone or NMP with 10% concentration and stirred for 24 h. Then, the solution was cast in a polytetrafluor

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5

Parvej, M. Subbir, Xinnan Wang, and Long Jiang. "AFM Based Nanomechanical Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibril." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 28 (2020): 4487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320933955.

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Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) is the fundamental unit of almost all types of natural fibers and is regarded as one of the main factors that influence their mechanical properties. Besides, owing to having a high aspect ratio, it is increasingly being used in the research of nanocomposite as a reinforcement recently. In order to utilize CNF as reinforcement more effectively, it is important to have a comprehensive idea about the mechanical properties of individual CNFs. Most of the studies are focused on the elastic modulus in the longitudinal direction, but the study of the elastic modulus in the

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6

Qing, Yan, Yiqiang Wu, Zhiyong Cai, and Xianjun Li. "Water-Triggered Dimensional Swelling of Cellulose Nanofibril Films: Instant Observation Using Optical Microscope." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/594734.

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To understand the swelling behavior of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films, the dimensional variation of untreated and phenol formaldehyde modified CNF (CNF/PF) films soaked in distilled water was examined in situ with microscopic image recording combined with pixel calculation. Results showed that a dramatic thickness increase exhibited in both CNF and CNF/PF films, despite being at different swelling levels. Compared to thickness swelling, however, the width expansion for these films is negligible. Such significant difference in dimensional swelling for CNF and PF modified films is mainly cause

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7

Chen, Bo, Qifeng Zheng, Jinli Zhu, et al. "Mechanically strong fully biobased anisotropic cellulose aerogels." RSC Advances 6, no. 99 (2016): 96518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra19280g.

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A series of mechanically strong and fully biobased carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hybrid aerogels were produced via an environmentally friendly unidirectional freeze-drying process.

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8

Qing, Yan, Ronald Sabo, Yiqiang Wu, and Zhiyong Cai. "High-performance cellulose nanofibril composite films." BioResources 7, no. 3 (2012): 3064–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.7.3.3064-3075.

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Cellulose nanofibril/phenol formaldehyde (CNF/PF) composite films with high work of fracture were prepared by filtering a mixture of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized wood nanofibers and water-soluble phenol formaldehyde with resin contents ranging from 5 to 20 wt%, followed by hot pressing. The composites were characterized by tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and moisture/water absorption. Neat CNF films had tensile stress and Young’s modulus of 232 MPa and 4.79 GPa, respective

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9

Albornoz-Palma, Gregory, Daniel Ching, Andrea Andrade, Sergio Henríquez-Gallegos, Regis Teixeira Mendonça, and Miguel Pereira. "Relationships between Size Distribution, Morphological Characteristics, and Viscosity of Cellulose Nanofibril Dispersions." Polymers 14, no. 18 (2022): 3843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183843.

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Rheological parameters of cellulose nanofibril dispersions (CNF) are relevant and commonly used as quality control for producing of this type of material. These parameters are affected by morphological features and size distribution of the nanofibrils. Understanding the effect of size distribution is essential for analyzing the rheological properties, viscosity control, performance of CNFs, and potential dispersion applications. This study aims at comprehending how the morphological characteristics of the CNFs and their size distribution affect the rheological behavior of dispersions. The CNF

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10

Resende, N. S., G. A. S. Gonçalves, K. C. Reis, G. H. D. Tonoli, and E. V. B. V. Boas. "Chitosan/Cellulose Nanofibril Nanocomposite and Its Effect on Quality of Coated Strawberries." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (July 5, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1727426.

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The aim of this study was to develop a chitosan/cellulose nanofibril (CNF) nanocomposite and evaluate its effect on strawberry’s postharvest quality after coating. From the results of color, thickness, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and permeability to water vapor analyses, the best film formulation for coating strawberries was determined. Three coating formulations were prepared: 1% chitosan, 1% chitosan + 3% CNF, and 1% chitosan + 5% CNF. The strawberries were immersed in the filmogenic solutions and kept under cold storage (1 ± 1°C). The color of the film was not affected by increas

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11

Liu, Jen-Chieh, Robert J. Moon, Alan Rudie, and Jeffrey P. Youngblood. "Mechanical performance of cellulose nanofibril film-wood flake laminate." Holzforschung 68, no. 3 (2014): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2013-0071.

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Abstract Homogeneous and transparent CNF films, fabricated from the (2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl) oxyl (TEMPO)-modified CNF suspension, were laminated onto wood flakes (WF) based on phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin and the reinforcement potential of the material has been investigated. The focus was on the influence of CNF film lamination, relative humidity (RH), heat treatment, and anisotropic properties of WF on the CNF-WF laminate tensile properties (elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, strain to failure). Results demonstrated that CNF-WF laminates had improved mechanical perform

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12

MOON, ROBERT J., CECILIA LAND HENSDAL, STEPHANIE BECK, et al. "Setting priorities in CNF particle size measurement: What is needed vs. what is feasible." February 2023 22, no. 2 (2023): 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj22.2.116.

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Measuring the size of cellulose nanomaterials can be challenging, especially in the case of branched and entangled cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). The International Organization for Standardization, Technical Committee 6, Task Group 1—Cellulosic Nanomaterials, is exploring opportunities to develop standard methods for the measurement of CNF particle size and particle size distribution. This paper presents a summary of the available measuring techniques, responses from a survey on the measurement needs of CNF companies and researchers, and outcomes from an international workshop on cellulose nano

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13

Yildirim, N., S. M. Shaler, D. J. Gardner, R. Rice, and D. W. Bousfield. "Cellulose Nanofibril (CNF) Reinforced Starch Insulating Foams." MRS Proceedings 1621 (2014): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.1.

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ABSTRACTIn this study, biodegradable foams were produced using cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and starch (S). The availability of high volumes of CNFs at lower costs is rapidly progressing with advances in pilot-scale and commercial facilities. The foams were produced using a freeze-drying process with CNF/S water suspensions ranging from 1 to 7.5 wt. % solids content. Microscopic evaluation showed that the foams have a microcellular structure and that the foam walls are covered with CNF`s. The CNF's had diameters ranging from 30 nm to 100 nm. Pore sizes within the foam walls ranged from 20 nm t

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14

Arcari, Mario, Robert Axelrod, Jozef Adamcik, et al. "Structure–property relationships of cellulose nanofibril hydro- and aerogels and their building blocks." Nanoscale 12, no. 21 (2020): 11638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr01362e.

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Structure-property studies of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) gels revealed the influence of CNF morphology on the gel properties and a transition point in the shear modulus of the gels was exploited to determine the mesh size of the fibril network.

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15

Yildirim, N., S. M. Shaler, D. J. Gardner, R. Rice, and D. W. Bousfield. "Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) reinforced starch insulating foams." Cellulose 21, no. 6 (2014): 4337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0450-9.

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16

Hoeng, Fanny, Aurore Denneulin, Guillaume Krosnicki, and Julien Bras. "Positive impact of cellulose nanofibrils on silver nanowire coatings for transparent conductive films." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 46 (2016): 10945–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc03629e.

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17

Mianehrow, Hanieh, Lars A. Berglund, and Jakob Wohlert. "Interface effects from moisture in nanocomposites of 2D graphene oxide in cellulose nanofiber (CNF) matrix – A molecular dynamics study." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 4 (2022): 2122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta09286c.

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18

Sanchez-Salvador, Jose Luis, Ana Balea, Carlos Negro, Maria Concepcion Monte, and Angeles Blanco. "Gel Point as Measurement of Dispersion Degree of Nano-Cellulose Suspensions and Its Application in Papermaking." Nanomaterials 12, no. 5 (2022): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12050790.

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The dispersion degree of cellulose micro and nanofibrils (CMFs/CNFs) in water suspensions is key to understand and optimize their effectiveness in several applications. In this study, we proposed a method, based on gel point (Øg), to calculate both aspect ratio and dispersion degree. This methodology was validated through the morphological characterization of CMFs/CNFs by Transmission Electronic Microscopy. The influence of dispersion degree on the reinforcement of recycled cardboard has also been evaluated by stirring CMF/CNF suspensions at different speeds. Results show that as stirring spee

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19

Josefsson, Gabriella, Gary Chinga-Carrasco, and E. Kristofer Gamstedt. "Elastic models coupling the cellulose nanofibril to the macroscopic film level." RSC Advances 5, no. 71 (2015): 58091–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra04016g.

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The elastic properties of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) can be derived from the elastic properties of CNF films by using a suitable micromechanical model. This study investigates four such micromechanical models.

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20

Xue, Yu, Letian Qi, Zhaoyun Lin, Guihua Yang, Ming He, and Jiachuan Chen. "High-Strength Regenerated Cellulose Fiber Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibril and Nanosilica." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (2021): 2664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102664.

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In this study, a novel type of high-strength regenerated cellulose composite fiber reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nanosilica (nano-SiO2) was prepared. Adding 1% CNF and 1% nano-SiO2 to pulp/AMIMCl improved the tensile strength of the composite cellulose by 47.46%. The surface of the regenerated fiber exhibited a scaly structure with pores, which could be reduced by adding CNF and nano-SiO2, resulting in the enhancement of physical strength of regenerated fibers. The cellulose/AMIMCl mixture with or without the addition of nanomaterials performed as shear thinning fluids, also

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21

Peng, Xincheng, Deqin Zhu, Jingjing Liu, et al. "Response surface optimization of ionic liquid pretreatments for maximizing cellulose nanofibril production." RSC Advances 13, no. 50 (2023): 35629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra06930c.

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Pretreatments with aqueous protic ionic liquid (PIL)–ethanolamine bis(oxalate) ([MEA][(HOA)(H2OA)]), combined with ultrasonic disintegration, were employed in cellulose nanofibril (CNF) production from pulp fibers.

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22

Kim, Kyung Min, Ji Young Lee, Hae Min Jo, and Su Ho Kim. "Cellulose nanofibril grades’ effect on the strength and drainability of security paper." BioResources 14, no. 4 (2019): 8364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.4.8364-8375.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the grades of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) on the strength and drainage of security paper made from cotton lint mixed pulp (CLMP). Refined CNF (RE-CNF), enzymatic CNF (EN-CNF), and carboxymethylated CNF (CM-CNF) were prepared, and their characteristics were analyzed. Handsheets were made via the addition of three CNFs into CLMP furnish, and their physical properties were measured. The drainability of the CLMP in the presence of CNFs was also determined depending on the grades and the dosage of the CNFs. The CM-CNF was the most effective at enha

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23

Ramírez Brenes, Ricardo Gonzalo, Lívia da Silva Chaves, Ninoska Bojorge, and Nei Pereira. "Endo-Exoglucanase Synergism for Cellulose Nanofibril Production Assessment and Characterization." Molecules 28, no. 3 (2023): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030948.

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A study to produce cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) from kraft cellulose pulp was conducted using a centroid simplex mixture design. The enzyme blend contains 69% endoglucanase and 31% exoglucanase. The central composite rotational design (CCRD) optimized the CNF production process by achieving a higher crystallinity index. It thus corresponded to a solid loading of 15 g/L and an enzyme loading of 0.974. Using the Segal formula, the crystallinity index (CrI) of the CNF was determined by X-ray diffraction to be 80.87%. The average diameter of the CNF prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis was 550–600 nm,

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24

Aydemir, Deniz, and Douglas J. Gardner. "Biopolymer nanocomposites of polyhydroxybutyrate and cellulose nanofibrils: Effects of cellulose nanofibril loading levels." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 8 (2022): 1175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211031654.

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In this paper, the effect of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) loading levels on the conventional and dynamic mechanical, morphological, thermal and rheological properties of the polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biopolymers were studied. According to the results, adding CNFs from 1% to 20% generally didn’t provide any improvement in the flexural, tensile and izod impact strength attributable to void formation and pulling out and agglomeration of nanofibrils in the matrix, which was observed during morphological characterization, however adding CNFs substantially increased both flexural and tensile modulus

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25

Kumar, Vinay, Vegar Ottesen, Kristin Syverud, Øyvind Weiby Gregersen, and Martti Toivakka. "Coatability of cellulose nanofibril suspensions: Role of rheology and water retention." BioResources 12, no. 4 (2017): 7656–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.7656-7679.

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Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) suspensions are not easily coatable because of their excessively high viscosity and yield stress, even at low solids concentrations. In addition, CNF suspensions vary widely in their properties depending on the production process used, which can affect their processability. This work reports roll-to-roll coating of three different types of CNF suspensions with a slot-die, and the influence of rheology and water retention on coatability is addressed. The impact of CMC addition on the high and low shear rate rheology, water retention, coatability, and final coating qua

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26

Barnes, Eftihia, Jennifer A. Jefcoat, Erik M. Alberts, et al. "Effect of Cellulose Nanofibrils and TEMPO-mediated Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibrils on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Cellulose Nanofibril Composites." Polymers 11, no. 7 (2019): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071091.

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Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are high aspect ratio, natural nanomaterials with high mechanical strength-to-weight ratio and promising reinforcing dopants in polymer nanocomposites. In this study, we used CNFs and oxidized CNFs (TOCNFs), prepared by a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation process, as reinforcing agents in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). Using high-shear mixing and doctor blade casting, we prepared free-standing composite films loaded with up to 5 wt % cellulose nanofibrils. For our processing conditions, all CNF/PVDF and TOCNF/PVDF films rema

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27

Aulin, Christian, Göran Flodberg, Göran Ström, and Tom Lindström. "Enhanced mechanical and gas barrier performance of plasticized cellulose nanofibril films." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 37, no. 1 (2022): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2021-0061.

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Abstract Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are mixed with plasticizers; sorbitol and glycerol, through high-pressure homogenization to prepare multifunctional biohybrid films. The resulting plasticized films obtained after solvent evaporation are strong, flexible and demonstrate superior toughness and optical transparency. The oxygen barrier properties of the biohybrid films outperform commercial packaging materials. The sorbitol-plasticized CNF films possess excellent oxygen barrier properties, 0.34 cm3·μm/m2·day·kPa at 50 % relative humidity, while significantly enhancing the toughness and fractur

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28

Pottathara, Y. B., S. Thomas, N. Kalarikkal, et al. "UV-Induced reduction of graphene oxide in cellulose nanofibril composites." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 2 (2019): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj03563f.

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29

Liu, Xuejiao, Qinfeng Zou, Tianhao Wang, and Liping Zhang. "Electrically Conductive Graphene-Based Biodegradable Polymer Composite Films with High Thermal Stability and Flexibility." Nano 13, no. 03 (2018): 1850033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292018500339.

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Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and graphene (GR) powder were added into polylactic acid (PLA)/polypyrrole (PPy) composite films via a low-cost, eco-friendly, low-temperature, and in-situ polymerization synthesis, which obtain novel flexible and conductive polylacticacid-cellulose nanofibril-graphene/polypyrrole (PLA–CNF–GR/PPy) composite films. The CNF was embedded in the PLA matrix to enhance the mechanical properties. Remarkably, when a few GR (1%) powder was added, the tensile strength of composite films increased by 5.6%, respectively, compared with pure PLA–CNF, and increased by 17.6% compare

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30

Guo, Mengzhe, James D. Ede, Christie M. Sayes, Jo Anne Shatkin, Nicole Stark, and You-Lo Hsieh. "Regioselectively Carboxylated Cellulose Nanofibril Models from Dissolving Pulp: C6 via TEMPO Oxidation and C2,C3 via Periodate–Chlorite Oxidation." Nanomaterials 14, no. 5 (2024): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14050479.

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Regioselective C6 and C2,C3 carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have been robustly generated from dissolving pulp, a readily available source of unmodified cellulose, via stoichiometrically optimized 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated and sequential sodium periodate-sodium chlorite (PC) oxidation coupled with high-speed blending. Both regioselectively optimized carboxylated CNF series possess the widest ranges of comparable charges (0.72–1.48 mmol/g for T-CNFs vs. 0.72–1.10 mmol/g for PC-CNFs), but similar ranges of thickness (1.3–2.4 nm for T-CNF, 1.8–2.7 nm PC-CNF),

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Zhang, Hui, Tianyan Jiang, Xinghua He, et al. "Preparation and properties of cellulose nanofibril-graphene nanosheets/polyaniline composite conductive aerogels." BioResources 15, no. 1 (2020): 1828–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.1828-1843.

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Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer that allows cellulose aerogels to achieve high electrical conductivity. However, aerogels containing PANI alone display a low mechanical stability. Graphene nanosheets (GNS) display high conductivity and mechanical strength but are prone to agglomeration, hindering their electroactive sites. To avoid shortcomings of the individual components, a composite aerogel was prepared via addition of graphene nanosheets (GNS) and PANI to a suspension of cellulose nanofibril (CNF). Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to an

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32

Borrega, Marc, and Hannes Orelma. "Cellulose Nanofibril (CNF) Films and Xylan from Hot Water Extracted Birch Kraft Pulps." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (2019): 3436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163436.

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The effects of xylan extraction from birch kraft pulp on the manufacture and properties of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films were here investigated. Hot water extractions of bleached and unbleached kraft pulps were performed in a flow-through system to remove and recover the xylan. After the extraction, the pulps were oxidized with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) and fibrillated in a high-pressure microfluidizer. Compared to CNF from bleached kraft pulp, the CNF dispersions obtained from water-extracted pulps were less viscous and generally contained a higher amount of micr

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33

Wu, Tingting, Zhihui Zeng, Gilberto Siqueira, et al. "Dual-porous cellulose nanofibril aerogels via modular drying and cross-linking." Nanoscale 12, no. 13 (2020): 7383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr00860e.

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Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) dual-porous aerogel with BET specific surface area up to 430 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> was prepared via a modular process combining directional freeze-thawing (macro-pores, ca. 50–200 μm) and supercritical drying (meso-pores, ca. 2–50 nm).

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Lapuz, Anniver Ryan, Satoru Tsuchikawa, Tetsuya Inagaki, Te Ma, and Veronica Migo. "Production of Nanocellulose Film from Abaca Fibers." Crystals 12, no. 5 (2022): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050601.

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Abaca fibers were subjected to a TEMPO mediated oxidation to extract nanocellulose on a 500 L capacity locally fabricated reactor. A yield of 46.7% white gel material with 2.23% solid content was obtained from an overnight reaction. Transmission electron microscopy scan of the white gel material confirms the production of relatively short highly individualized cellulose nanofibril (CNF) as the diameter of abaca fiber was reduced from 16.28 μm to 3.12 nm with fiber length in the range of 100 nm to 200 nm. Nanocellulose film was prepared using air drying (CNF-VC) and vacuum oven drying (CNF-OD).

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35

Lapuz, Anniver Ryan, Satoru Tsuchikawa, Tetsuya Inagaki, Te Ma, and Veronica Migo. "Production of Nanocellulose Film from Abaca Fibers." Crystals 12, no. 5 (2022): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050601.

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Abaca fibers were subjected to a TEMPO mediated oxidation to extract nanocellulose on a 500 L capacity locally fabricated reactor. A yield of 46.7% white gel material with 2.23% solid content was obtained from an overnight reaction. Transmission electron microscopy scan of the white gel material confirms the production of relatively short highly individualized cellulose nanofibril (CNF) as the diameter of abaca fiber was reduced from 16.28 μm to 3.12 nm with fiber length in the range of 100 nm to 200 nm. Nanocellulose film was prepared using air drying (CNF-VC) and vacuum oven drying (CNF-OD).

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36

Lapuz, Anniver Ryan, Satoru Tsuchikawa, Tetsuya Inagaki, Te Ma, and Veronica Migo. "Production of Nanocellulose Film from Abaca Fibers." Crystals 12, no. 5 (2022): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050601.

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Abaca fibers were subjected to a TEMPO mediated oxidation to extract nanocellulose on a 500 L capacity locally fabricated reactor. A yield of 46.7% white gel material with 2.23% solid content was obtained from an overnight reaction. Transmission electron microscopy scan of the white gel material confirms the production of relatively short highly individualized cellulose nanofibril (CNF) as the diameter of abaca fiber was reduced from 16.28 μm to 3.12 nm with fiber length in the range of 100 nm to 200 nm. Nanocellulose film was prepared using air drying (CNF-VC) and vacuum oven drying (CNF-OD).

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Farooq, Muhammad, Tao Zou, Guillaume Riviere, Mika H. Sipponen, and Monika Österberg. "Strong, Ductile, and Waterproof Cellulose Nanofibril Composite Films with Colloidal Lignin Particles." Biomacromolecules 20 (October 25, 2018): 693–704. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01364.

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Brittleness has hindered commercialization of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films. The use of synthetic polymers and plasticizers is a known detour that impairs biodegradability and carbon footprint of the product. Herein, we utilize a variety of softwood Kraft lignin morphologies to obtain strong and ductile CNF nanocomposite films. An optimum 10 wt % content of colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) produced films with nearly double the toughness compared to a CNF film without lignin. CLPs rendered the films waterproof, provided antioxidant activity and UV-shielding with better visible light transmi

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38

Farooq, Muhammad, Tao Zou, Guillaume Riviere, Sipponen Mika H., and Monika Österberg. "Strong, Ductile, and Waterproof Cellulose Nanofibril Composite Films with Colloidal Lignin Particles." Biomacromolecules 2019, no. 20 (2018): 693–704. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bio- mac.8b01364.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong>: Brittleness has hindered commercialization of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films. The use of synthetic polymers and plasticizers is a known detour that impairs biodegradability and carbon footprint of the product. Herein, we utilize a variety of softwood Kraft lignin morphologies to obtain strong and ductile CNF nanocomposite films. An optimum 10 wt % content of colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) produced films with nearly double the toughness compared to a CNF film without lignin. CLPs rendered the f

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Li, Weidong, Yu Xue, Ming He, et al. "Facile Preparation and Characteristic Analysis of Sulfated Cellulose Nanofibril via the Pretreatment of Sulfamic Acid-Glycerol Based Deep Eutectic Solvents." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (2021): 2778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112778.

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A deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of sulfamic acid and glycerol allowed for the sustainable preparation of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with simultaneous sulfation. The reaction time and the levels of sulfamic acid demonstrated that fibers could be swelled and sulfated simultaneously by a sulfamic acid-glycerol-based DES and swelling also promoted sulfation with a high degree of substitution (0.12). The DES-pretreated fibers were further nanofibrillated by a grinder producing CNF with diameters from 10 nm to 25 nm. The crystallinity ranged from 53–62%, and CNF maintained the original cryst

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Wang, Miao, Ilya V. Anoshkin, Albert G. Nasibulin, et al. "Electrical behaviour of native cellulose nanofibril/carbon nanotube hybrid aerogels under cyclic compression." RSC Advances 6, no. 92 (2016): 89051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra16202a.

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Arola, Suvi, Mahmoud Ansari, Antti Oksanen, Elias Retulainen, Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos та Harry Brumer. "The sol–gel transition of ultra-low solid content TEMPO-cellulose nanofibril/mixed-linkage β-glucan bionanocomposite gels". Soft Matter 14, № 46 (2018): 9393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01878b.

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Im, Wanhee, Shin Young Park, Sooim Goo, et al. "Incorporation of CNF with Different Charge Property into PVP Hydrogel and Its Characteristics." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (2021): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020426.

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Cellulose nanofibril (CNF)-added polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hydrogels were prepared using different types of CNFs and their properties were investigated. CNFs with different morphology and surface charge properties were prepared through quaternization and carboxymethylation pretreatments. The quaternized CNF exhibited the narrow and uniform width, and higher viscoelastic property compared to untreated and carboxymethylated CNF. When CNF was incorporated to PVP hydrogel, gel contents of all hydrogels were similar, irrespective of CNF addition quantity or CNF type. However, the absorptivity of t

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Yu, Zhencheng, Chuanshuang Hu, Anthony B. Dichiara, Weihui Jiang, and Jin Gu. "Cellulose Nanofibril/Carbon Nanomaterial Hybrid Aerogels for Adsorption Removal of Cationic and Anionic Organic Dyes." Nanomaterials 10, no. 1 (2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10010169.

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Advances in nanoscale science and engineering are providing new opportunities to develop promising adsorbents for environmental remediation. Here, hybrid aerogels are assembled from cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and carbon nanomaterials to remove cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye Congo red (CR) in single and binary systems. Two classes of carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplates (GnPs), are incorporated into CNFs with various amounts, respectively. The adsorption, mechanics and structure properties of the hybrid aerogels are investigated and compared

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Zhang, Lianming, Lei Guo, and Gang Wei. "Recent Advances in the Fabrication and Environmental Science Applications of Cellulose Nanofibril-Based Functional Materials." Materials 14, no. 18 (2021): 5390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185390.

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Cellulose is one of the important biomass materials in nature and has shown wide applications in various fields from materials science, biomedicine, tissue engineering, wearable devices, energy, and environmental science, as well as many others. Due to their one-dimensional nanostructure, high specific surface area, excellent biodegradability, low cost, and high sustainability, cellulose nanofibrils/nanofibers (CNFs) have been widely used for environmental science applications in the last years. In this review, we summarize the advance in the design, synthesis, and water purification applicati

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Mianehrow, Hanieh, Giada Lo Re, Federico Carosio, et al. "Strong reinforcement effects in 2D cellulose nanofibril–graphene oxide (CNF–GO) nanocomposites due to GO-induced CNF ordering." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 34 (2020): 17608–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta04406g.

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Aisy, Laaili Azti Rohaadatul, Tetty Kemala, Lisman Suryanegara, and Henny Purwaningsih. "Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNF) from Dates by-Product via Citric Acid Hydrolysis." Science and Technology Indonesia 9, no. 4 (2024): 818–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.818-827.

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Industrial residues that are not optimally utilized are removed by burning, landfilling, or dumping, which can threaten the environment and health. In fact, part of this agro-industrial waste still has content that has the potential to become raw material for value-added other industries. Dates by-product as residue of the fiber-rich fruit industry have the potential to be a source of nanocellulose. This study aims to obtain nanofibril cellulose (CNF) isolates from dates by-product via citric acid hydrolysis, and investigate the effect of acid concentration on the unknown dates by-product CNF

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Zhang, Yidong, Chao Liu, Meiyan Wu, Zhenqiu Li, and Bin Li. "Impact of the Incorporation of Nano-Sized Cellulose Formate on the End Quality of Polylactic Acid Composite Film." Nanomaterials 12, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010001.

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Polylactic acid (PLA) films with good sustainable and biodegradable properties have been increasingly explored recently, while the poor mechanical property of PLA limits its further application. Herein, three kinds of nano-sized cellulose formate (NCF: cellulose nanofibril (CNF), cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), and regenerated cellulose formate (CF)) with different properties were fabricated via a one-step formic acid (FA) hydrolysis of tobacco stalk, and the influence of the properties of NCF with different morphologies, crystallinity index (CrI), and degree of substitution (DS) on the end quali

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Zeng, Jinsong, Lu Liu, Jinpeng Li, Jiran Dong, and Zheng Cheng. "Properties of cellulose nanofibril produced from wet ball milling after enzymatic treatment vs. mechanical grinding of bleached softwood kraft fibers." BioResources 15, no. 2 (2020): 3809–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.3809-3820.

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Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) is a class of promising and renewable nanocellulosic material due to its unique dimensional characteristics and appealing properties. CNF preparations based on TEMPO pretreatment followed by high-pressure homogenization have been studied intensively, while the high energy consumption and the environmental issues remain challenges to their application. Mechanical refining processes have been commonly applied at the academic and industrial relevant scales for CNF production. In this study, bleached softwood kraft pulp was subjected to high-efficiency wet ball milling (

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LakshmiBalasubramaniam, SuriyaPrakaash, Mehdi Tajvidi, and Denise Skonberg. "Hydrophobic corn zein-modified cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films with antioxidant properties." Food Chemistry 458 (November 2024): 140220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140220.

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Wang, Jin, Qiufang Yao, Chengmin Sheng, Chunde Jin, and Qingfeng Sun. "One-Step Preparation of Graphene Oxide/Cellulose Nanofibril Hybrid Aerogel for Adsorptive Removal of Four Kinds of Antibiotics." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5150613.

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Via a one-step ultrasonication method, cellulose nanofibril/graphene oxide hybrid (GO-CNF) aerogel was successfully prepared. The as-prepared GO-CNF possessed interconnected 3D network microstructure based on GO nanosheets grown along CNF through hydrogen bonds. The aerogel exhibited superior adsorption capacity toward four kinds of antibiotics. The removal percentages (R%) of these antibiotics were 81.5%, 79.5%, 79.1%, and 73.9% for Doxycycline (DXC), Chlortetracycline (CTC), Oxytetracycline (OTC), and tetracycline (TC), respectively. Simultaneously, the adsorption isotherms were well fitted

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