Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Celts in France Celts in France'
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Paris, Elodie. "Les influences massaliètes et italiques sur la monnaie en Languedoc (VIe s. av. n. è.-14 de n. è.)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30067.
Full textThis PhD concerns the massaliètes and italiques influences on the coin in Languedoc, from its first appearance (end of the VIth century BC) to August's reign (27 BC- AD 14). The Languedoc is located between Narbonne and the Rhone delta. This region interacts and is influenced by several mediterranean powers upon its economy. First, Phocaean and massaliètes colonies are settled on the coastline. Frequent contacts exist with the Carthaginian world until the Punic Wars. After them, Rome becomes the first economic power of the western Mediterranean. Economics relations are also attested with the inside of Gaul. Those connections impact the development of the trade in the Languedoc. What are the consequences of the roman installation in the South of Gaul, when the province of Transalpine is created ? Which rapports did Marseille, established during the VIth century, and the Romans, present since the IInd century ? How do they impact the local coinage ? Are the mediterranean powers responsible of the monetisation of the Languedoc or quite the opposite, is it a local development in line with a context of regional transactions growth ? In other words, was coinage used for the relations with Marseille and Rome or, was it integrated in the daylife of local populations ? How did Marseille and Rome take part to the management of the coinage in the Languedoc ? Do the 20 BC augustan reforms unify the monetarian system in the roman provinces ? To answer, a study of the coinage in their archeological context has been made. Associated with an analysis of the position of the Languedoc in the Mediterranean world, it helps to understand the phases of monetisation but also, the goals and the challenges of the differents actors
Delrue, Baptiste. "L'Antiquité dans les débats constitutionnels français au XIXe siècle." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROD003/document.
Full textIt has been shown that the Greco-Roman antiquity had a very strong influence over the political discourse during the French Revolution. Thus, it seemed interesting to study the political debates of the XIXth and more specifically the constitutional debates, in order to validate or on the contrary to invalidate the commonly accepted view under which the antiquity would have had barely any influence during the XIXth century. Before modern times France experienced numerous revivals of Antiquity, also the question was to find out if there was another revival of the Antiquity under the XIXth century and if this revival was the beginning of something new or the swan song of the influence of the Antiquity. The present analyses propose to understand through a both chronological and thematic study, covering the period from 1814 to 1875, and by combining history of political ideas and history of the institutions, if the Antiquity had an influence on the political debates and the construction of the political models of the XIXth century. Indeed, as early as the first restoration the influence of antiquity already declined as compared to the previous period, but this backflow is in fact limited (the humanities remained in common culture) and also ambivalent (since an antic model such as the hybrid presidential-parliamentary-judicial interested the politicians). However, this led in the second half of the nineteenth century to a scientific neutralization of the Greco-Roman antiquity : its interest and value were put in perspective, because of the desire of the men of the XIXth century to write a national novel (in opposition to Germany), but also because they wanted a new political order based on some modern principles such as Contractualism, Republicanism and Parliamentarianism
Stevens, Melissa. "Our bodies, our cells: the subjugation of women's bodies in nineteenth century France." Thesis, Boston University, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27782.
Full textPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
Saint-Martin, Pierre de. "Elaboration du portrait médico-psychologique de l'écrivain en France de mille huit cent soixante à mille neuf cents." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600972q.
Full textFerjani, Sarra. "Territorialité et changement social chez les celtes du nord-ouest du Bassin parisien entre le VIIe siècle et le Ier siècle avant J.-C." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010587.
Full textThis thesis' work follows a number of studies carried on for more than thirty years on the territory during the Iron Age. It focuses on the North-West Paris basin and covers up five centuries of evolution and occupation between the Ha D1 (625 BC) and the LT D1b (90 BC). lt relies on a very rich archaeological documentation supplying a relational database built after a long work of modeling and insertion within an-information system. 3,517 occupations were thus indexed and are divided into functional categories : domestic, funerary, religious and craftsmanship. They also include data linked to regional planning. This work focuses more particularly on the domestic and funerary data. Through the use of identical tools and methodologies based on statistics, spatial analysis and spatial statistics, the goal was to see how each of these categories of sites allowed to transcribe the evolution of the occupation, of the structuration of the territories, and also of the human groups. The question that arose was that of the hierarchy of the sites and, through them, of the society. The hierarchy was approached through a crossover study of fumiture and structures. For the domestic occupations, it was also the occasion to start considering the identification of the numerous activities implemented, which make it possible to characterize the complexity and the richness of the occupations
Girard-Millereau, Benjamin. "Le mobilier métallique de l'âge du fer en Provence (VIème siècle - Ier siècle avant J.C) : contribution à l'étude des Celtes de France méditerranéenne." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOL017.
Full textBaray, Luc. "Pratiques funéraires et sociétés celtiques : structures sociales et structures culturelles dans les cimetières protohistoriques du Bassin parisien (fin de 7e - début du 2e s. av. J.-C.)." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010584.
Full textOn the basis of changes in burial custom an evidence for social hierarchy, this study examines cultural, social and historical processes of transformation an evolution in celtic populations in the eastern half of the Paris basin from the late 7th to the 2nd centuries b. C. The aim of the study is to distinguish funerary data relating to the social sphere from those depending on cultural factors. A new framework of relative chronology, entirely compatible with current european chronologies, is established by means of combinatory matrices (seriation). The period in question is divided into ten stages. The extensive geographical area chosen is marked by the quality and quantity of available evidence (a corpus of about 2000 graves). The various funerary traits, the architecture of the graves and associated monuments, the grave-goods and the burial mod es (cremation inhumation) are treated quantitatively in order to examine the variability of funerary customs in terms other than merely typological and chronological. Geographical and chronological patterns are revealed, challenging over-systematic social interpretations. It is shown that, throughout the period under consideration, the paris basin does not form a homogeneous cultural entity and that on the contrary it is made up of several cultural groups whose funerary traits attest to the permanence and stability of populations. A bipartition is revealed between the northern and southern zones of the paris basin. Analysis of mechanis ms underlying the celts' collective representation of death shows that the social sphere essentially relates to the dimension of the individual, whilst the elements which determine the cultural sphere concern respectively cultural identity and collective representations
Pouvreau, Nicolas. "Trois cents ans de mesures marégraphiques en France : outils, méthodes et tendances des composantes du niveau de la mer au port de Brest." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353660.
Full textCette évolution aura un impact sur les populations côtières et sera à l'origine de risques naturels accrus.
Ainsi les composantes du niveau marin font l'objet de nombreux travaux scientifiques d'autant qu'ils font partie des meilleurs indicateurs pour évaluer le réchauffement climatique. Les études montrent qu'il faut disposer de séries temporelles de mesures supérieures à 60 ans pour estimer des tendances fiables sur les composantes du niveau marin. L'observation et la reconstitution des fluctuations de ce niveau sur les derniers siècles s'inscrivent au coeur des grands programmes de recherche sur le réchauffement planétaire.
Ces estimations masquent une grande variabilité d'une région à une autre. Qu'en est-il pour la côte atlantique française ? Le niveau moyen de la mer a-t-il évolué ? Quand ? De combien ? Autant de questions auxquelles nous allons tenter de répondre dans la partie II avec la série marégraphique de Brest, observatoire exceptionnel où des mesures systématiques du niveau de la mer sont réalisées depuis 1679 !
Mais avant cela, il était nécessaire de rechercher toutes les données anciennes de marégraphie potentiellement encore en archives, et dont la validation devait se révéler difficile. La partie I traite alors de l'évolution des méthodes d'observation du niveau marin en France, préalable indispensable au ciblage de nos recherches de mesures anciennes, d'une part, et donnée fondamentale pour compléter les séries d'observations contemporaines par les mesures anciennes retrouvées, d'autre part.
Domke, Lisa Maria [Verfasser], and Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Franke. "Molecular and ultrastructural characteristics of adhering junctions and cytoskeletons in cells of mammalian testes / Lisa Maria Domke ; Betreuer: Werner Franke." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177045257/34.
Full textKrausz, Sophie. "Les ossements animaux du village gaulois des Levroux (Indre) : une analyse spatiale." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010626.
Full textCeltic village of Levroux is a very rich and complex site. The spatial organization is not easy to determine only with the plan of the site. Animal bones are utilised to reconstitute the nature and the origin of the wastes which have been deposit in the pits, during their second function. This determination can be connected with the activities practiced in specialised quarters of the site (manufactured bones, horns, butchery, and consumption). Mathematical methods (factor analysis, Berlin matrices) access to anatomical assemblages, deposit with identical proportions in particular areas. The assemblages of anatomical proportions can define wastes types. They access to butchery systems and define specialized quarters of activities on the site. We can recognize domestic rubbish in part of the site, workshops with butchery wastes, bone and horn, localised specially in the same area than metal workshops
Franke, Katja [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Bley, Tilo [Akademischer Betreuer] Pompe, and Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Werner. "Adhesion and single cell tracking of hematopoietic stem cells on extracellular matrices / Katja Franke. Gutachter: Carsten Werner. Betreuer: Thomas Bley ; Tilo Pompe." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1028865244/34.
Full textFranke, Julia [Verfasser], Sigmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Stricker, and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Lauster. "The role of the tumour suppressor Nf1 in growth and metabolism of skeletal muscle cells / Julia Franke. Gutachter: Roland Lauster. Betreuer: Sigmar Stricker." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075807344/34.
Full textBardel, David. "Société, économie et territoires à l'âge de Fer dans le centre-est de la France : analyse des corpus céramiques des habitats du Hallstatt D - La Tène A (VIIe - Ve siècle av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL043/document.
Full textThis thesis examines pottery dating from the middle of the 6th to the end of the 5th century BC, from Central-Eastern France, an area located between Northern Burgundy and the western confines of the Ile de France region. Confronted by the absence of pottery in well dated funerary contexts, the focus of this study is on settlement contexts, the documentation of which has multiplied in the last 30 years thanks to a systematic approach to archaeology and its professionalization. The pottery assemblages of Vix are of course included in this work and they are compared to assemblages from other regional settlement sites. 67 sites have been selected from a corpus of 414. Tens of thousands of sherds and over 7000 vessels are presented, analyzed and subsequently replaced into context. The catalogue (two volumes) has been developed to be used as a reference tool; it includes documentation on each site, pottery studies and illustrations of the vessels. The volume 1 presents the different stages of this analysis. After the presentation of the study’s framework and methodology, the chrono-cultural analysis uses a pre-determined descriptive system and a typological classification of what is known as the “traditional” hand thrown pottery production and of the “new” productions of wheel thrown pottery. This has led to the elaboration of a quantitative and qualitative examination of the sites and the pottery assemblages. The chronological approach is based on the definition of characteristic assemblage facies using statistical analysis and computerized serialization. This approach highlights a progressive evolution of pottery that can be divided into five phases, thus sequencing pottery for the whole period. The position of each phase is defined by comparison with objects such as jewelry or other metallic objects, imported pottery, etc. in order to correlate them with the Ha D1, Ha D1/2, Ha D2, Ha D3 and LTA1 periods of the conventional German chronology. The variation in pottery typology has brought to the fore the specifics of regional productions from as early as the Hallstatt period. These productions can be distinguished from the Atlantic and Northern (Aisne-Marne domain) cultural entities but also from the North-Alpine zone to the East and South-East. The distribution of the “Vix” painted motifs is emblematic of these productions. The phenomena of local influences and cultural fringes are also studied. Other regional originalities appear more visible during the LTA and are particularly present in the Sénon area announcing the cultural territories of the end of the Middle and Late Iron Age. Using the chrono-cultural framework other aspects of pottery production, diffusion and consumption have been studied and used to determine the hierarchy of certain pottery services. We can consider that hand thrown pottery corresponds to the many local productions defined by their limited diffusion and their standardization for common use, which is intrinsic to a traditional rural society. Wheel-thrown pottery can however be seen as an innovation, a specialized production and a sign of luxury that first appears during the Hallstat D2/3 in aristocratic residences such as Vix. Using the information from settlements and the results of this study, different settlement types have been placed within a hierarchical framework taking into account the plurality of the input and elements is proposed. These different aspects are employed in defining the social and cultural interactions that prevail over the organisation and the historical development of Celtic communities
Ruiz, Darasse Coline. "Les contacts linguistiques entre Celtes et Ibères dans le Nord-Est de la péninsule Ibérique et le Sud de la Gaule (Ve-Ier s. Av. J. -C. )." Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHE4020.
Full textEither in occidental Languedoc or in the Mid-Ebro Valley, during Protohistory, classic literature and archeologic artefacts testify contacts between Celtic and Iberian populations. The aim of this study is to build tools and methods in order to process palaeohispanic epigraphic data and to compare practical details of using levantine script and iberan language in both areas. After reviewing latest works about these subjects and studying the anthoponymy written in palaeohispanic script of three major sites (Azaila, Ensérune and Ullastret), this epigraphy is put back in its archaeological context, first on each site and then in the epigraphic interface areas. This investigation allows to specify the kind of contacts that existed between Celts and Iberians and how did they use writing in these occasions
Franck, Christina Maria [Verfasser], and Aurélien [Gutachter] Boisson-Dernier. "Characterisation and functional analysis of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase MARIS and protein phosphatases ATUNIS1 and ATUNIS2 in tip-growing plant cells / Christina Maria Franck ; Gutachter: Aurélien Boisson-Dernier." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155921305/34.
Full textLejars, Thierry. "Les fourreaux d'épées du sanctuaire gaulois de Gournay-sur-Aronde, Oise : analyse morphologique et archéologique." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010618.
Full textThe sword is the arm which best defines the celtic warrior. Many archaeological finds have testified to its importance. The scabbard, its essential companion, skilfully formed and often decorated, underlines the prestige which surrounds the sword. The recent discovery of large sanctuaries in the north of france and the documentation of many funeral objects have allowed us to reopen this subject, partly explored during work carried out about twenty years ago on the arms from the swiss site of la tène. The period under consideration, the third and second centuries before J. C. , corresponds to the time when activities where flourishing at the sanctuary. During this period, those scabbards which we will fellow each stage of their morphological evolution, were continuously introduced into the place of cult. Over a long period of time, these consecrated arms were abandoned in ditch surrounding the settlement. The regularity and frequency with which these objects were abandoned, as well as the quantity of arms, make this site, more than any other, particulary well adapted for the study of weapons of this period
Eggart, Benjamin [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Franke. "Deformation and Shape Transition Studies of Single Mammalian Red Blood Cells in View of the Effects of Diseases or Chemical Modifications by Means of Microfluidic Devices / Benjamin Eggart. Betreuer: Thomas Franke." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107770593X/34.
Full textCiesielski, Elsa. "La pratique celtique des "têtes coupées" en France méditerranéenne : l’exemple du site du Cailar (Gard) au IIIe s. av. n. è. Approche archéothanatologique et traitements informatiques des données." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30047.
Full textOnce only known from Classical accounts, the practice of collecting and curating human heads by certain Iron Age groups in southern France has, for more than a century now, been evinced by materials including stone carvings and human remains. In particular, new evidence has been brought to light at the site of Le Cailar (Gard), a fortified site occupied from the end of the 6th century BCE. Specially, excavations carried out since 2003 have revealed an extensive deposit accumulated from the end of the 4th until the end of the 3rd century BCE, comprising fragmented human crania, purposefully deformed armaments, and many dozens of coins scattered across a public plaza, beneath a thick layer of rubble. The human cranial fragments discovered on this plaza are the subject of this study. These bones form a corpus quite different from the remains generally associated with severed heads: they are numerous, very fragmented, and largely mixed and dispersed in the levels. In order to understand the events that led to the creation of the assemblage, it has been necessary to adapt tools to this study. After putting the site into its local and regional context, this work proposes to present bioarchaeological methods adapted to the study of these types of bone (especially, quantification and modification of the bone). In a second time, the recording tool created to optimize the study is presented (database / geodatabase, GIS), then the spatial analysis methods used to study, not only the traces and the fractures of the parts bones, but also their distribution on the field. There are a lot of results: precise quantitative and taphonomic data about the assemblage, proposition of new method to study cut marks and fracturing, a hitherto unparalleled understanding of the process of how crania were distributed across the site (this last measured in three dimensions). All these elements permit to propose solid hypotheses regarding the process by which these heads were produced: the means of recuperation, treatment, disposal, and deposition. This work also suggests which avenues of research will or won't be useful to pursue in future projects of a similar nature
Techer, Sophie. "Criblage d’activités biologiques de plantes endémiques ou indigènes de La Réunion - Recherche de molécules antivirales ciblant le virus du chikungunya." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0014/document.
Full textThe aims of this PhD work were to identify plants and/or molecules with cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory or antiviral (chikungunya virus , CHIKV) activities in order to find therapeutic alternatives towards oxidative stress and inflammation, mechanisms involved in chronic noncommunicable diseases (diabetes, obesity ...), and chikungunya disease, reemerging vector-borne disease. The first part of this work presents the results obtained from a biological screening carried out on a selection of eighteen endemic and indigenous plants of La Réunion. The targeted activities were cytotoxicity on a human cell line (THP-1), antioxidant activities evaluated using an in cellulo hemolysis assay and four chemical tests (TEAC / DPPH / FRAP / ORAC) together with an evaluation of the content of phenolic compounds (FOLIN test) and anti-inflammatory activity tested in murine macrophages (RAW cells-BlueTM). The results allowed to highlight activities of different extracts in particular : cytotoxic for Carissa spinarum, antioxidant for Dryopteris wallichiana and Agarista buxifolia and anti-inflammatory for Stillingia lineata and Indigofera ammoxylum.The second part of this work is devoted to the phytochemical study of Stillingia lineata, an indigenous species of La Réunion chosen because of the results obtained in this preliminary biological screening and those carried out in Phytochik programme. Bioassay-guided fractionation performed on Vero cells (green monkey kidney cells Cercopithecus aethiops) infected with CHIKV led to the isolation of three rare macrocycle-type diterpenes called tonantzitlolone and a new pimarane. The 4'-acetoxytonantzitlolone was identified as a candidate molecule against CHIKV (EC50 = 7 μM). Structure-activity relationships have been defined, the presence of an oxygenated group on the side chain of tonantzitlolones seems to play an important role in the antiviral response of the diterpene skeleton
Marimoutou, Méry. "Étude de l'impact des extraits de trois plantes médicinales riches en polyphénols antioxydants sur la réponse métabolique et inflammatoire des cellules adipeuses dans le contexte de la pathologie de l'obésité." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0031.
Full textDuring obesity, excess fat mass is accumulated in adipose tissue, more precisely in adipocytes, which the precursor cells are preadipocytes. Adipose tissue is the place of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation involved in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Plants rich in polyphenol, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, are high of interest to fight against obesity. In La Réunion, medicinal plants are commonly used for these properties but few literature data exist. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of antioxidant polyphenol-rich extracts from medicinal plants of La Réunion, such as Antirhea borbonica (Bois d’Osto), Doratoxylon apetalum (Bois de gaulette), Gouania mauritiana (Liane Montbrun), on the metabolic and inflammatory response in adipose cells in the context of obesity. Our results have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of plant extracts on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in presence of three mediators of inflammation. Plant extracts are able to potentiate fat accumulation induced by insulin reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during oxidative stress. These results were confirmed by a study on animal model. The plant extract from D. apetalum improved storage fat, antioxidant status and inflammatory profile of adipose tissue of obese mice. This work lead to evaluated the impact of antioxidant polyphenol-rich extract from three medicinal plants on metabolic and inflammatory response in adipose cells in the context of obesity
Raffray, Loïc. "Immunopathologie de la leptospirose humaine : exploration de la réponse immunitaire innée." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0006/document.
Full textLeptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by Leptospira and affecting 1 million people each year worldwide and mainly in tropical areas such as Reunion Island. Usual presentations encompass flu-like syndrome to multiorgan failure with mortality rate between 5 to 10%. To date, pathophysiology in humans is poorly understood, notably the capacity of innateimmunity to mount a robust response to clear pathogen or to induce tissue damages and contributing to disease severity. Our study aimed at assessing the role of innate immune cells and molecules within the first days of leptospiral infection.Using blood samples, we performed quantitative and qualitative assessment of circulating innate immune cells from leptospirosis cases and healthy controls. The first study explored the levels of gamma-delta T-cells (γδT-cells), a subset of unconventional T cells with innate immune functions. Gamma-delta T cells were found deeply decreased and levels wereinversely correlated to bacterial burden and liver damage. The second study focused on membrane bound receptors indicative of activation and tissue migration ability of neutrophil polymorphonuclear cells: CD15, CD11b, and CD182. Although neutrophil rates were high in leptospirosis cases, the levels of studied receptors were either lower (CD15) or identical to healthy controls (CD11b, CD182). In addition, only low levels of interleukin-8, a key chemokine for neutrophils, was detected in patients. Lastly, we ascertained the plasmatic levels of several shed cell adhesion molecules notably expressed by endothelial cells. The levels of soluble E-selectin and ICAM-1 were significantly increased compared to controls, while P-selectin level was lower. We did not find any correlation with disease severity or organ failure. This finding indicates that endothelial cell may be activated but further experiments are warranted to explain the functional impact of our findings. Altogether, our results add to the field of knowledge of leptospirosis pathophysiology, and in particular the implication of key innate immune cells at the stage of plasmatic bacterial dissemination. Our findings will support the view that there is an inappropriate immune response to Leptospira
Steinlein, Almut. "Une esthétique de l'authentique : les films de la Nouvelle Vague." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030146.
Full textThe question of authenticity is essential to the self-conception of the New Wave that emerged at the end of the 1950s in France and announced the modern age of cinema. Authenticity is the central notion of modern literature as a means of individual expression. Since the 19th century, a literary work of art founded its legitimisation no more in an external authority, but in its aesthetic originality and autonomy in opposition to classical norms and rhetorical conventions. Instituting the director as the filmic author, the discursive strategy of New Wave's Politique des auteurs must be considered as an attempt to qualify cinema as a modern art by setting the prerequisites for an authentic writing in film. Following Pierre Bourdieu's field theory, the emerging of the New Wave is described as the birth of a field of pure production, modelled on the autonomisation of the literary field in the 19th century. The second part of the study questions the realisation of the authenticity postulate by analysing the first features of Rohmer, Chabrol, Truffaut, Godard and Rivette. If the pretension of authenticity is common to all of the young film makers, they use different authentication strategies in their films, creating in that way both the coherence and the diversity of the New Wave
Taïlé, Janice. "Étude des altérations fonctionnelles des cellules endothéliales cérébrales en condition hyperglycémique associée au diabète : rôle protecteur des polyphénols de plantes médicinales." Thesis, La Réunion, 2021. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/21_01_J_TAILE.pdf.
Full textIn diabetes, hyperglycemia leads to vascular alterations which aggravates cerebrovascular complications such as stroke. In fact, hyperglycemia alters blood-brain barrier integrity that separates the brain and the blood. Cerebral endothelial cells which composed blood-brain barrier are particularly affected by oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory state caused by hyperglycemia. In this context, there is growing interest in the health effects of plant-based polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of the thesis work was to assess the functional alterations of cerebral endothelial cells in hyperglycemic conditions and to determine the protective role of polyphenols extracted from medicinal plants from Réunion. To reach this objective, we have developed a model of murine cerebral endothelial cells exposed to experimental hyperglycemia as well as a model of mice rendered obese and diabetic by a high fat diet and then subjected to a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Polyphenols tested were extracted from four Reunionese medicinal plants traditionally used for anti-diabetic effects. Our results showed that hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory response with monocytic adhesion and deregulation of the production of vasoactive markers in cerebral endothelial cells. In cerebral ischemia, hyperglycemia aggravated the size of the cerebral infarction and the hemorrhagic transformation in obese and diabetic mice. Additionally, hyperglycemia caused redox markers and the blood-brain barrier integrity alteration, and exacerbated neuroinflammation. Several molecular targets have been identified including the antioxidant enzymes Cu / ZnSOD and MnSOD, inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-a, MCP-1 and E-selectin, vasoactive factors ET-1, eNOS and NO as well as tight junctions ZO-1, ZO-2, claudin-5 and occludin. The role of key signaling pathways contained in NFκB, AMPK, Nrf2 and PPARg has been demonstrated. Importantly, polyphenols exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects attenuating functional alterations of cerebral endothelial cells and cerebrovascular complications induced by hyperglycemia. These protective effects of polyphenols have been associated with their detection in the brain and plasma as well as in cerebral endothelial cells. In conclusion, this thesis work has shown the deleterious effect of hyperglycemia on endothelial function and the protective role of polyphenols. The use of experimental models would allow to deepen the exploration of the molecular mechanisms used and to identify possible innovative therapeutic targets
Deuring, Silvia. "Rechtliche Herausforderungen moderner Verfahren der Intervention in die menschliche Keimbahn : ein deutsch-französischer Rechtsvergleich zum Einsatz von CRISPR/Cas9 und hiPS-Zellen sowie zum Mitochondrientransfer." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D012.
Full textThe discovery of new biotechnological processes calls into question the ability of the law to provide sufficient protection for human beings from the beginning of their lite. These new methods, such as the CRISPR/Cas9 method -also known as "genome editing" -mitochondrial donation, and the creation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS cells), make it possible to manipulate and influence in a fundamental way the genetic make-up of one's offspring and future generations. This thesis aims to prepare a draft law addressed to the German legislature. ln so doing, it takes into account two aspects : on the one hand, it aims to optimise, on the basis of a comparative analysis of German and French law, current German legislation by identifying possible advantages of the regulatory approach in France. On the other hand – assuming that the techniques in question can one day be applied with controllable risks – it examines, on the basis of an analysis of German constitutional law, whether such a future application could, in principle, be justified and implements these considerations by drafting a legislative proposal
NAI-CHING, CHEN, and 陳乃菁. "Microarray analysis of genes expressed in HEK 293 cells cultured in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi、Coptis chinensis Franch. and Phellodendron Chinese Schneid." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46770791640925217567.
Full text中國醫藥學院
中西醫結合研究所
91
ABSTRACT Traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) has been extensively used to treat many diseases in eastern society throughout thousands of years. However, the diagnostic and therapeutic concepts were not identical to those of modern western medicine. The major principles of TCM are treating patients based on the clinical disease patterns. For example, hot disease patterns could be treated with so-called cold medicines and they have the ability to relieve internal hotness of the human body, decrease metabolic rate,and sympathetic tone, etc. In the past few years, a new technology, DNA microarray ( DNA chip ), has made it possible to simultaneously study the expression of thousands genes in a single chip. In this pilot study, we try to elucidate the gene expression of the HEK 293 cell in vitro under the treatment by 3 traditional Chinese medicine (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi 、Coptis chinensis Franch. and Phellodendron Chinese Schneid.), which belongs to the “cold” medicine. For this, gene expression of herbs treated cells and none treated cells was compared simultaneously using Dr. Peck Konan microarray system. Dual color staining method of enzyme colorimetry detection system was utilized by biotin-16-dUTP during reverse transcription. A color microarray image was rendered by the chromogens yielded by the enzymatic reactions. The result showed changes in expressions of 21 genes up regulation and 386 genes down regulation by Scutellaria baicalensis and; 17 genes up regulation and 112 genes down regulation by Coptis chinensis and ; 103 genes up regulation and 108 genes down regulation by Phellodendron. This study established a method to the understanding of the genetic influence of TCM(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi、Coptis chinensis Franch. and Phellodendron Chinese Schneid.). Further studies are needed to verify these results.