Journal articles: 'Celts in France Celts in France'

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Mitich, Larry W. "Common Dandelion – the Lion's Tooth." Weed Technology 3, no. 3 (September 1989): 537–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00032735.

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From ancient times to the present, common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wiggers ♯3TAROF) has been considered one of the most delectable of garden vegetables. People have carried the seeds from place to place for cultivation since before written history (9). According to legend, Theseus ate a dandelion salad after killing the Minotaur. Romans ate the plant as did the Gauls and Celts when the Romans invaded the North (9). The Anglo-Saxon tribes of Britain and the Normans of France continued to use the plant as food and as medicine to control scurvy and as a diuretic; it was planted in the medicinal gardens of monasteries (9).

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Pare, Christopher. "Fürstensitze, Celts and the Mediterranean World: Developments in the West Hallstatt Culture in the 6th and 5th Centuries BC." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 57, no. 2 (1991): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00004552.

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The traditional definition of a Fürstensitz, outlined in 1969 by W. Kimmig, is in need of modification. Greater precision is needed in the interpretation of imported and imitated Mediterranean pottery and élite burials. From our discussion, it becomes clear that both rich settlements and burials underwent crucial changes within the late Hallstatt period: the élite burial rite was becoming increasingly exclusive, and imported or imitated Mediterranean pottery generally appeared on hillforts only after the end of Hallstatt D1. Clearly, a model for the West Hallstatt culture should take account of its dynamic nature. Some important trends are described: (1) the spread of élite burial practices, (2) the foundation of the Fürstensitze, and (3) the ‘concentration of power’ in the late Hallstatt culture north-west of the Alps.The emergence of an élite during the Hallstatt period had an internal logic which did not necessarily require a Mediterranean instigator. The foundation of Massalia in 600 BC has traditionally been seen as providing the impulse for the emergence of the ‘princely’ culture of Hallstatt D. But neither the internal developments of the Hallstatt culture, nor the degree of contact with the Greek colonies in Hallstatt D1, can support this view.Previous emphasis on influence from the Greek colonies in the South of France has obscured the effects of contacts and trade with Italy, although it is certain that the increasing acquaintance with the civilized neighbours across the Alps led to events of historic importance: the Celtic invasion of Italy and the start of the Celtic diaspora. This process of acquaintance must be assigned to the late Hallstatt period (Hallstatt D2/3), when Italic imports became frequent north of the Alps. In fact, the transalpine areas which in the late Hallstatt period had especially close trading relations with Italy (particularly east central France) seem to have been the origin of most of the important contingents of Celtic invaders. The imported or imitated Italic objects in Hallstatt D2/3 and La Tène A reflect the changed political situation before and after the Celtic invasion. Whereas in both phases the Celts imported luxurious feasting equipment, only in the Early La Tène period is Italic influence apparent in Celtic weaponry.

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Giladi, Amotz. "Anti-Latin race-based nationalism in early twentieth-century France: An examination of Robert Pelletier’s pan-Celtic and Slavophile journals." Journal of European Studies 50, no. 2 (June 2020): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244120918465.

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In the late nineteenth century, several pan-nationalist movements – pan-Germanism, pan-Slavism, pan-Latinism, pan-Celticism – arose in Europe. In France, pan-Latinism and pan-Celticism promoted competing visions of the country’s culture, respectively emphasizing its Latin and Celtic legacies. Two journals published in the 1910s, L’Étendard celtique and Revue des nations were founded by the writer Robert Pelletier to advance pan-Celticism. Their purpose was twofold: to advocate a return to France’s Celtic traditions and to promote the idea of a ‘racial’ link between Celts and Slavs. Calling for a ‘Celtic–Slavic’ alliance, these Slavophile journals expressed solidarity with oppressed Slavic peoples, especially in the context of the Balkan Wars. Pelletier’s promotion of pan-Celticism and pan-Slavism as two affiliated currents stemmed from both his rejection of pan-Latinism and his hope that connecting with the powerful pan-Slavic movement could facilitate French pan-Celticism’s emergence on the European stage.

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Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio, Fabio Suárez-Trujillo, Valentín Ruiz-del-Valle, Adrián López-Nares, and Felipe Jorge Pais-Pais. "The Iberian-Guanche rock inscriptions at La Palma Is.: all seven Canary Islands (Spain) harbour these scripts." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 2, no. 14 (December 1, 2020): 318–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i14.5.

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Rock Iberian-Guanche inscriptions have been found in all Canary Islands including La Palma: they consist of incise (with few exceptions) lineal scripts which have been done by using the Iberian semi-syllabary that was used in Iberia and France during the 1st millennium BC until few centuries AD .This confirms First Canarian Inhabitants navigation among Islands. In this paper we analyze three of these rock inscriptions found in westernmost La Palma Island: hypotheses of transcription and translation show that they are short funerary and religious text, like of those found widespread through easternmost Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and also Tenerife Islands. They frequently name “Aka” (dead), “Ama” (mother godness) and “Bake” (peace), and methodology is mostly based in phonology and semantics similarities between Basque language and prehistoric Iberian-Tartessian semi-syllabary transcriptions. These Iberian-Guanche scripts are widespread in La Palma usually together with spiral and circular typical Atlantic motifs which are similar to these of Megalithic British Isles, Brittany (France) and Western Iberia. Sometimes linear incise Iberian-Guanche inscriptions are above the circular ones (more recent) but they are also found underneath (less recent). The idea that this prehistoric Iberian semi-syllabary was originated in Africa and/or Canary Islands is not discarded. It is discussed in the frame of Saharian people migration to Mediterranean, Atlantic (i.e.: Canary Islands) and other areas, when hyperarid climate rapidly established. On the other hand, an Atlantic gene and possibly linguistic and cultural pool is shared among people from British Isles, Brittany (France), Iberia (Spain, Portugal), North Africa and Canary Islands. Keywords: La Palma, Iberian-Guanche, Latin, Inscriptions, Iberian, Celts, Sahara, Africa, Garafia, Santo Domingo, Canary Islands, Lybic British, Brittons, Basque, Irish, Lybic Canarian, Palmeses, Benahoaritas, Awaritas, Tricias, Prehistory, Guache, Tartessian.

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Franc, Nathalie, C. "Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in mammals, Caenorhabditis Elegans and drosophila Melanogaster: molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences." Frontiers in Bioscience 7, no. 1-3 (2002): d1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/franc.

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Varro, Gabrielle. "Les "langues immigrées" face à l'école française." Language Problems and Language Planning 16, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.16.2.02var.

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SUMMARY "Immigrant Languages" and the French School System The situation of children who continue to be called "immigrant" in France, even though most of them were born or raised there, is paradoxical to say the least. On one hand, the government seeks to integrate the foreign communities established in France, and this would tend to relegate language maintenance to the sphere of private life. But at the same time, education experts have since 1970 imposed the idea that a foreign child will only learn his or her second language well (French in this case) only if he or she first learns to speak, read and write his/her "mother tongue" or "language of origin". Such culturally determined notions have dictated specific policies in the public schools which in fact often serve to create segregation. This article attempts, in sociolinguistic and historic perspective, to analyze a situation which concerns a large fraction of the school population in France, in four parts: (1) The status of foreigners and their languages in France and the social representations surrounding them; (2) Government policy concerning foreign pupils and languages in public schools since 1970; (3) Volunteer associations and "mother tongue" maintenance; (4) Family strategies. RESUMO "Enmigrulaj lingvoj" : kaj la franca lerneja sistemo La situacio de tiuj infanoj, kiujn, kvankam naskitaj kaj edukitaj en Francio, oni daŭre nomas "enmigrintoj", estas, minimume dirite, paradoksa. Unuflanke, la registaro celas integrigi la eksterlandajn komunumojn establitajn en Francio, kaj tio emus al sovo de lingva konservado al la sfero de la privata vivo; sed aliflanke edukistoj ekde 1970 trudas la ideon, ke eksterlanda infano bone lernos sian duan lingvon (ci-kaze la francan) nur se li/si unue lernos paroli, legi kaj skribi sian "denaskan lingvon" au "lingvon de origino". Tiaj kulture determinitaj nocioj diktis specifajn politikojn en la publikaj lernejoj, kiuj ofte kreas izoligon. La aŭtoro celas, laŭ socilingvistika kaj historia perspektivo, analizi situacion, kiu tuŝas grandan nombron de lernejanoj francaj, en kvar stadioj: la statuso de eksterlandanoj kaj iliaj lingvoj en Francio, kaj la sociaj prezentiĝoj, kiuj ĉirkaŭas ilin; registara politiko pri ekster-landaj lernejanoj kaj lingvoj en publikaj lernejoj de post 1970; volontulaj asocioj kaj konservado de "denaskaj lingvoj"; familiaj strategioj.

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Pichette, Jean-Pierre. "De la Mégère apprivoisée au Roman de Julie Papineau. Origines d’un rituel du mariage franco-ontarien." Cahiers Charlevoix 6 (April 10, 2017): 195–248. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039333ar.

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Jean-Pierre Pichette ajoute un deuxième chapitre à son étude d’une sanction rituelle du mariage franco-ontarien et il se met en quête de l’origine de la « danse sur les bas ». Comme cette tradition est attestée dans les recoins de la francophonie d’Amérique et inconnue des populations anglophones, il se tourne naturellement vers la France. Bien que, là aussi, des expressions métaphoriques et de nombreuses pratiques stigmatisent l’aîné devancé dans le mariage par son cadet, rien de comparable aux rituels canadiens-français. Explorant alors la filière britannique, il débusque, depuis la danse pieds nus de La Mégère apprivoisée de Shakespeare jusqu’à la danse dans l’auge décrite par des folkloristes et des curieux au xixe siècle, des parallèles de la plupart des variantes qui ont cours en Amérique française. Cette constatation l’amène à s’interroger sur le cheminement probable de cette coutume, dans laquelle les Bretons, les Celtes français, auraient pu jouer un rôle déterminant de diffuseurs au temps de l’émigration française au Canada. Sans découvrir chez eux les formes qui manifesteraient ce rôle, l’auteur relève néanmoins dans le personnage du baz-valan, ou entremetteur de mariage, de nombreux indices qui appuient son hypothèse : son statut de célibataire, le port de bas colorés et dépareillés dans l’accomplissement de sa charge, et la danse avec la mariée comme récompense. Si l’influence celtique est certaine, son lieu, en France ou au Canada, reste à déterminer.

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Kauffmann, Jean-Marie, and Daniel Hissel. "Fuel Cells and their Applications in Belfort (France)." Fuel Cells 6, no. 1 (February 2006): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fuce.200690001.

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Kienlen, Sophie. "France-Russie : trois cents ans de relations privilégiées." Bulletin de l'Institut Pierre Renouvin 31, no. 1 (2010): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/bipr.031.0197.

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Sivert, A., S. Carriere, F. Betin, and Ph Dondon. "Domestic Cells, State of health Tester, Charger (Open Source)." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 17 (September 2, 2021): 952–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2021.17.88.

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In France, the annual average purchases per person is 19 primary household batteries and 2 rechargeable batteries. Despite the obligation for each battery seller to have a collection point, only 50% of these domestic accumulators are recycled in France. Among the numerous reasons that users do not use home rechargeable NiMH batteries to their discharge limits, this article will mainly discuss the lack of easy-to-use and inexpensive function testing. An "open source" tester-loader with many possibilities is proposed. In particular, a test by the linear regression method making it possible to reduce the test duration of NiMH batteries from 6 hours to 1.5 hours to check the energy capacity of each accumulator is presented. Since 2019, lithium-ion batteries in domestic cases have been marketed with few characteristics provided by manufacturers on their obsolescence and their capacities. In this article we present performance tests carried out to verify the energy capacity as a function of the output current.

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Pech, Thierry. "Deux cents ans de classes moyennes en France (1789-2010)." L Economie politique 49, no. 1 (2011): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/leco.049.0069.

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Allan, G. M., F. McNeilly, S. Kennedy, B. Daft, J. A. Ellis, D. M. Haines, B. M. Meehan, and B. M. Adair. "Isolation of Porcine Circovirus-like Viruses from Pigs with a Wasting Disease in the USA and Europe." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 10, no. 1 (January 1998): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879801000102.

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Samples of lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, and lymph node from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome from California (USA) and samples of mesenteric lymph nodes from similarly diseased pigs from Brittany (France) were examined by light microscopy, in situ hybridization (ISH), and/or virus isolation. Whole genomic probes for porcine circovirus (PCV) and chicken anemia virus (CAV) were used for ISH. Tissue homogenate supernatants were inoculated onto PK/15 cells for virus isolation, and the presence of viral antigen and viral particles was verified by indirect immunofluorescence, ISH, and electron microscopy. Histologic examination of lung from pigs from California revealed interstitial pneumonia, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia, and basophilic nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions in mononuclear cell infiltrates and various pulmonary epithelial cells. Granulomatous lymphadenitis with syncytial cells typified the lesions seen in the pigs from France. PCV-like nucleic acid was detected by ISH in lung, pancreas, lymph node, kidney, and liver in pigs from California. Positive signal was also obtained in lymph node sections from pigs from France. Probes for CAV were consistently negative. PK/15 cell cultures inoculated with lung preparations from diseased California pigs and mesenteric lymph node preparations from pigs from France had positive fluorescence by indirect staining for PCV using pooled polyclonal pig sera and hyperimmune rabbit serum and had variable staining with a panel of 7 monoclonal antibodies specific for cell culture contaminant PCV. PCV-like nucleic acid was also detected by ISH in cell cultures. Cytopathic effect was not observed Electron microscopic examination of inoculated cell cultures revealed 17-nm viral particles morphologically consistent with PCV No other virus particles were observed. Although genomic analysis for the definitive identification of these viral isolates remains to be done, the evidence provided strongly suggests that these tissue isolates are closely related to, although antigenically distinct from, the original PCV cell culture contaminant.

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Chetcuti, Yves. "Le tour des frontières. Identités bretonne et française / Following the borders. Briton and french identities." Revista Polis e Psique 5, no. 1 (February 20, 2015): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2238-152x.53670.

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L’auteur établit une relation entre l’espace et le temps à partir des rites de circumambulation en Bretagne et en France. Il montre la règle de proportion croissante entre des parcours respectivement effectués en un jour, en un mois ou en deux années et demi. Cette règle révèle comment les distances linéaires sont reliées au comput calendaire des Celtes. Toutefois parcourir les frontières des deux entités territoriales, la Bretagne ou la France, ne suffit pas à forger l’identité de leurs ressortissants. Est-ce du fait de la relation d’emboîtement qui ferait de la Bretagne la partie d’un tout, la France ? Pour résoudre cette dissonance, l’auteur suggère une relation de proportion décroissante entre l’ampleur du référent territorial et le sentiment d’appartenance. La vitesse de parcours des limites paroissiales serait associée à la fréquence cardiaque de repos. Ainsi, la circumambulation des lieux emblématiques de l’identité bretonne est directement reliée à la personne.

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Feral, L., F. Mesnard, H. Sauvageot, L. Castanets, and J. Lemorton. "Rain cells shape and orientation distribution in south-west of France." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere 25, no. 10-12 (January 2000): 1073–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-1909(00)00155-6.

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Les, Francisco, Guillermo Cásedas, Marta Sofía Valero, José Miguel Arbonés-Mainar, and Víctor López. "Rock tea (Jasonia glutinosa (L.) DC.) polyphenolic extract inhibits triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocyte-like cells and obesity related enzymes in vitro." Food & Function 11, no. 10 (2020): 8931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01497d.

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Amoura, Ariane, Anissa Moktefi, Matthieu Halfon, Alexandre Karras, Cédric Rafat, Jean-Baptiste Gibier, Patrick J. Gleeson, et al. "Malaria, Collapsing Glomerulopathy, and Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 15, no. 7 (May 22, 2020): 964–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.00590120.

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Background and objectivesMalaria, a potentially life-threatening disease, is the most prevalent endemic infectious disease worldwide. In the modern era, the spectrum of glomerular involvement observed in patients after malarial infections remains poorly described.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe therefore performed a retrospective multicenter study to assess the clinical, biologic, pathologic, and therapeutic characteristics of patients with glomerular disease demonstrated by kidney biopsy in France within 3 months of an acute malaria episode.ResultsWe identified 23 patients (12 men), all but 1 of African ancestry and including 10 patients with concomitant HIV infection. All of the imported cases were in French citizens living in France who had recently traveled back to France from an endemic area and developed malaria after their return to France. Eleven patients had to be admitted to an intensive care unit at presentation. Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 22 patients, and Plasmodium malariae was detected in 1 patient. Kidney biopsy was performed after the successful treatment of malaria, a mean of 24 days after initial presentation. At this time, all patients displayed AKI, requiring KRT in 12 patients. Nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed in 17 patients. Pathologic findings included FSGS in 21 patients and minimal change nephrotic syndrome in 2 patients. Among patients with FSGS, 18 had collapsing glomerulopathy (including 9 patients with HIV-associated nephropathy). In four patients, immunohistochemistry with an antibody targeting P. falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 demonstrated the presence of the malaria antigen in tubular cells but not in podocytes or parietal epithelial cells. An analysis of the apoL1 risk genotype showed that high-risk variants were present in all seven patients tested. After a mean follow-up of 23 months, eight patients required KRT (kidney transplantation in two patients), and mean eGFR for the other patients was 51 ml/min per 1.73 m2.ConclusionsIn patients of African ancestry, imported Plasmodium infection may be a new causal factor for secondary FSGS, particularly for collapsing glomerulopathy variants in an APOL1 high-risk variant background.

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Dionne, René. "1910. Une première prise de parole collective en Ontario français." Cahiers Charlevoix 1 (April 12, 2017): 15–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039461ar.

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René Dionne, pionnier des études littéraires franco-ontariennes à l’Université d’Ottawa, se penche sur un texte fondateur de l’identité franco-ontarienne : les actes du Congrès d’éducation des Canadiens-Français d’Ontario tenu à Ottawa en 1910. Par le compte rendu fidèle et détaillé qu’il en donne, il réaffirme le long passé littéraire franco-ontarien, dont la prise de parole actuelle n’est qu’un épisode, puisqu’il a dénombré plus de deux cents oeuvres écrites par vingt-quatre écrivains outaouais qui prirent individuellement la parole entre 1865 et 1909. Puis il compare ce congrès aux grandes conventions nationales (la franco-américaine, les québécoises et les acadiennes) pour mieux marquer l’originalité du congrès franco-ontarien qui, bien que tardif, fut, observe l’auteur, démocratique, provincial, national, loyal, optimiste et littéraire. Devant les conflits politiques et religieux qui menaçaient de dégénérer, l’heure était à la vigilance et à la cohésion; la prise de parole de 1910 se devait d’être collective.

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Shumilin, Aleksandr. "France: Republic against «Political Islam» (Part I)." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran120215461.

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On February 16, 2021, the French National Assembly (lower house of parliament) approved a draft law on countering separatism. On March 30, this document is to be discussed by members of the Senate. The degree of public discussions around him began to grow immediately after the speech of President E. Macron on October 2, 2020 and the subsequent publication in the press of the main provisions of the project. In fact, the document is aimed at preventing the radicalization of the Muslim community of France, at its more thorough adaptation to the socio-political conditions and basic values of the Republic. Most of the Muslim community and the clergy of France approved the proposals of the president and the government, while about a third of Muslim organizations opposed them. The last, as a rule, are linked to the international Islamist association «Muslim Brotherhood», which seeks to expand its cells and network in France, and in Europe as a whole. Organizations operating legally in the Turkish communities of the Old World articulate especially clearly the attitudes of the «brothers». In fact, at the religious level, they reproduce and continue the loud verbal confrontation between Macron and Turkish President R.T. Erdogan in October-November last year. The article examines the strategy of the French government to counter the attempts of radical Islamists to legalize the phenomenon of «political Islam». This problem, aggravated after the terrorist attacks in a number of European countries in October 2020, has become no less acute for France today than the fight against the pandemic.

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Vulin, Johann, Séverine Murri, Sarah Madrières, Maxime Galan, Caroline Tatard, Sylvain Piry, Gabriele Vaccari, et al. "Isolation and Genetic Characterization of Puumala Orthohantavirus Strains from France." Pathogens 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030349.

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Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) causes a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) called nephropathia epidemica (NE), regularly diagnosed in Europe. France represents the western frontier of the expansion of NE in Europe with two distinct areas: an endemic area (north-eastern France) where PUUV circulates in rodent populations, with the detection of many human NE cases, and a non-endemic area (south-western France) where the virus is not detected, with only a few human cases being reported. In this study, we describe the different stages of the isolation of two PUUV strains from two distinct French geographical areas: Ardennes (endemic area) and Loiret (non-endemic area). To isolate PUUV efficiently, we selected wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus, the specific reservoir of PUUV) captured in these areas and that were seronegative for anti-PUUV IgG (ELISA) but showed a non-negligible viral RNA load in their lung tissue (qRT-PCR). With this study design, we were able to cultivate and maintain these two strains in Vero E6 cells and also propagate both strains in immunologically neutral bank voles efficiently and rapidly. High-throughput and Sanger sequencing results provided a better assessment of the impact of isolation methods on viral diversity.

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Ren, Jiaoyan, Yamei Zheng, Zehua Lin, Xin Han, and Wenzhen Liao. "Macroporous resin purification and characterization of flavonoids from Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco and their effects on macrophage inflammatory response." Food & Function 8, no. 1 (2017): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fo01474g.

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Yagura, H., N. Oyaizu, and S. Pahwa. "Tyrosine phosphorylation of guanosine triphosphatase activating protein by activation via surface IgG in human B cells." Blood 81, no. 6 (March 15, 1993): 1535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.6.1535.1535.

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Abstract In this study, we analyzed tyrosine phosphorylation of guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activating protein in human B cells stimulated through surface IgG, using Western blot and immunoprecipitation. Stimulation through surface IgG induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and two associated proteins, a 190-Kd protein and a 62-Kd protein, within 1 minute and in a dose-dependent manner. This tyrosine phosphorylation was blocked by Genistein (Extrasynthese, Genay, France). These data suggest that GTPase- activating protein is involved in a signal transduction pathway initiated from surface IgG in human B cells.

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Yagura, H., N. Oyaizu, and S. Pahwa. "Tyrosine phosphorylation of guanosine triphosphatase activating protein by activation via surface IgG in human B cells." Blood 81, no. 6 (March 15, 1993): 1535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.6.1535.bloodjournal8161535.

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In this study, we analyzed tyrosine phosphorylation of guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activating protein in human B cells stimulated through surface IgG, using Western blot and immunoprecipitation. Stimulation through surface IgG induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and two associated proteins, a 190-Kd protein and a 62-Kd protein, within 1 minute and in a dose-dependent manner. This tyrosine phosphorylation was blocked by Genistein (Extrasynthese, Genay, France). These data suggest that GTPase- activating protein is involved in a signal transduction pathway initiated from surface IgG in human B cells.

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Halpérin, Jean-Louis. "Deux cents ans de rayonnement du Code civil des Français ?" Les Cahiers de droit 46, no. 1-2 (April 12, 2005): 229–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043837ar.

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Le bicentenaire du Code civil français est l’occasion d’un nouveau bilan sur son exportation hors de France avec une vision aujourd’hui plus nuancée du fait du déclin de l’influence de la culture juridique française. L’historien est plus sensible aux liens entre l’introduction du Code civil et l’impérialisme napoléonien comme au caractère parfois artificiel de la transplantation de ce qui a été au xixe siècle un symbole de la modernité juridique. Compte tenu de l’acculturation de la codification dans les anciennes colonies françaises, et de ses limites, il ne faut pas en sens inverse négliger la force de la tradition issue du Code Napoléon ni sous-estimer ses capacités d’adaptation à l’ère de la mondialisation.

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Baudouin-Matuszek, Marie-Noëlle. "La publication des ordonnances des rois de France : trois cents ans de travaux." Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes 167, no. 2 (2009): 487–537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bec.2009.463970.

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Dergham, Mona, Sylvain Billet, Anthony Verdin, Dominique Courcot, Fabrice Cazier, Pirouz Shirali, and Guillaume Garçon. "Toxicological Impact of Air Pollution Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) Collected under Urban, Industrial or Rural Influence: Occurrence of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Reaction in BEAS-2B Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (Corrected Version)." Advanced Materials Research 324 (August 2011): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.324.489.

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Exposure to air pollution Particulate Matter (PM) is one of the risk factors involved in the high incidence of respiratory and cardio-vascular diseases. In this work, to integrate inter-seasonal and inter-site variations, fine particle (PM2.5) samples have been collected in spring-summer 2008) and autumn 2008-winter 2009, in Dunkerque (France) under urban or industrial influence, and in Rubrouck (France), under rural influence. Attention was paid to characterize their physico-chemical characteristics, and to determine their ability to induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response in a human bronchial epithelial cell model (BEAS-2B cell line). Physico-chemical characterization of the six PM samples showed their heterogeneities and complexities depending upon their respective natural and/or anthropogenic emission sources. Lung cytotoxicity of these air pollution PM2.5samples, as shown in BEAS-2B cells, might rely on the induction of oxidative stress conditions and particularly on the excessive inflammatory response.

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Eckert, Catherine, Béatrice Burghoffer, and Frédéric Barbut. "Contamination of ready-to-eat raw vegetables with Clostridium difficile in France." Journal of Medical Microbiology 62, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 1435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.056358-0.

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The presence of Clostridium difficile in food like shellfish, vegetables and meat has been reported in several publications during the past few years. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of ready-to-eat raw vegetables contaminated with C. difficile in France. One hundred and four ready-to-eat salads and vegetables were studied. Toxigenic C. difficile strains were isolated in three samples (2.9 %): two ready-to-eat salads (one heart of lettuce and one lamb’s lettuce salad) and one portion of pea sprouts. The strains belonged to three different PCR ribotypes: 001, 014/020/077 and 015. The detection thresholds for vegetative cells and spores cells varied between 1 and 3 c.f.u. in 20 g salad and between 6 and 15 c.f.u. in 20 g salad, respectively, for the method employed.

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Clergeau, Philippe, Damien Fourcy, Sébastien Reeber, and Pierre Yésou. "New but nice? Do alien sacred ibisesThreskiornis aethiopicusstabilize nesting colonies of native spoonbillsPlatalea leucorodiaat Grand-Lieu Lake, France?" Oryx 44, no. 4 (October 2010): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001006.

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AbstractIn spite of the general concerns about introduction of exotic species there are contrary arguments that introduced species could increase local biodiversity and provide ecosystem services. The assertion that native spoonbillsPlatalea leucorodiaare attracted by breeding, introduced sacred ibisesThreskiornis aethiopicus, and thus that the spoonbill colonies will be more stable, has been developed as an argument against the proposed eradication of the sacred ibis in western France. We analysed the possible interaction between these two species using information from a 5-year nest survey (2002–2006) in a large swamp in western France. We found that: (1) The spoonbills began to breed significantly earlier than ibises, by 15–25 days. (2) In an analysis using a grid of 80-m squares no site-fidelity effect was observed from one year to the next, both species preferentially using previously unused cells from which the other species was absent and cells occupied by their own species. (3) Spoonbills had a significantly greater dispersion than ibises. (4) The spoonbills almost always settled (90.3%) near a spoonbill nest. These results do not suggest any regular positive attraction of the spoonbills towards the ibises and consequently do not support the proposal that ibises attract spoonbills and play a role in the conservation of this species.

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Cao, Qianyu, Shengwei Hong, Yuanyuan Li, Heng Chen, Yining Shen, Kang Shao, Mengjie Lu, Hui Dai, Shitang Ma, and Guoliang Dai. "Coptisine suppresses tumor growth and progression by down-regulating MFG-E8 in colorectal cancer." RSC Advances 8, no. 54 (2018): 30937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra05806g.

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Treating colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a clinical challenge. Coptisine, an alkaloid derived from Coptis chinensis Franch. shows toxic effects on CRC cells, but its underlying mechanism remains elusive.

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Amarante, Alessandro F. T., Raquel A. Rocha, and Patrizia A. Bricarello. "Relationship of intestinal histology with the resistance to Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in three breeds of sheep." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27, no. 1 (January 2007): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2007000100008.

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The study was carried out to evaluate the relationship of inflammatory intestinal cells with the resistance to Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections in three breeds of sheep (Santa Ines, Suffolk and Ile de France), naturally infected. Mast cells, eosinophils, and globule leucocytes were enumerated in intestinal mucosa. Histamine concentration was estimated in intestinal tissue samples and the length of male and female specimens were determined. The three breeds of sheep showed similar cellular response in the small intestine mucosa (P>0.05). There was extensive variation among sheep in the parasitological and inflammatory cell variables, even in lambs of the same breed. In general, animals presenting less inflammatory cells had a larger worm burden, higher fecal egg counts, and larger T. colubriformis worms. The inflammatory cells possibly impaired the parasite's establishment, development, and survival.

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Reynard-Carette, C., G. Kohse, J. Brun, M. Carette, A. Volte, and A. Lyoussi. "Review of Nuclear Heating Measurement by Calorimetry in France and USA." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 04019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817004019.

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This paper gives a short review of sensors dedicated to measuring nuclear heating rate inside fission reactors in France and USA and especially inside Material Testing Reactors. These sensors correspond to heat flow calorimeters composed of a single calorimetric cell or of two calorimetric cells at least with a reference cell to obtain a differential calorimeter. The aim of this paper is to present the common running principle of these sensors and their own special characteristics through their design, calibration methods, and in-pile measurement techniques, and to describe multi-sensor probes including calorimeters.

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Coudert, Cassandre, Camille Vidal, Thomas Lefèvre, and Patrick Chariot. "Adolescent arrestees detained in police cells: an observational study in the Paris, France, area." International Journal of Legal Medicine 133, no. 4 (October 15, 2018): 1251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-018-1942-1.

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Augros, Clotilde, Pierre Tabary, Adrien Anquez, Jean-Marc Moisselin, Pascal Brovelli, and Olivier Bousquet. "Development of a Nationwide, Low-Level Wind Shear Mosaic in France." Weather and Forecasting 28, no. 5 (October 1, 2013): 1241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-12-00115.1.

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Abstract An algorithm for the detection of horizontal wind shear at low levels was developed. The algorithm makes use of data collected by all radars from the Application Radar à la Météorologie Infra-Synoptique (ARAMIS) operational network, in order to build a complete mosaic of wind shear over metropolitan France. The product provides an estimation of the maximum horizontal wind shear detected in the low levels, between 0 and 2 km AGL. Examination of the wind shear mosaic for different cases shows that the product is able to retrieve small-scale wind shear signatures that can be linked to either convergence lines ahead of convective cells, which are indicative of gust fronts, or strong convergence areas inside intense cells. A statistical evaluation of the wind shear mosaic was performed, by comparing horizontal wind shear observed inside the area defined by convective objects with wind gusts recorded along their trajectory by weather stations. A link between those different observations was clearly established. Therefore, the use of wind shear for wind gust prediction was tested in combination with other parameters: an estimation of the energetic potential of density currents, the cell surface with reflectivity over 51 dBZ, relative helicity, and cell propagation speed. Different wind gust warning rules were tested on 468 convection nowcasting objects (CONOs). The results clearly highlighted the benefits of using wind shear for wind gust estimation, and also demonstrated the improvement in forecasting skill when combining different parameters. The wind shear mosaic will be produced operationally before the end of 2013 and will be used to improve wind gust warnings provided to end users.

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Fang, Xin, Zhi-Guo Zhuo, Xi-Ke Xu, Ji Ye, Hui-Liang Li, Yun-Heng Shen, and Wei-Dong Zhang. "Cytotoxic isovaleryl sucrose esters from Ainsliaea yunnanensis: reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase of reactive oxygen species levels in A549 cells." RSC Advances 7, no. 34 (2017): 20865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra01986f.

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Jones, J. C., A. E. Goldman, H. Y. Yang, and R. D. Goldman. "The organizational fate of intermediate filament networks in two epithelial cell types during mitosis." Journal of Cell Biology 100, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.100.1.93.

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Intermediate filaments (IF) appear to be attached to the nuclear envelope in various mammalian cell types. The nucleus of mouse keratinocytes is enveloped by a cagelike network of keratin-containing bundles of IF (IFB). This network appears to be continuous with the cytoplasmic IFB system that extends to the cell surface. Electron microscopy reveals that the IFB appear to terminate at the level of the nuclear envelope, frequently in association with nuclear pore complexes (Jones, J. C .R., A. E. Goldman, P. Steinert, S. Yuspa, and R. D. Goldman, 1982, Cell Motility, 2:197-213). Based on these observations of nuclear-IF associations, it is of interest to determine the fate and organizational states of IF during mitosis, a period in the cell cycle when the nuclear envelope disassembles. Immunofluorescence microscopy using a monoclonal keratin antibody and electron microscopy of thin and thick sections of mitotic mouse keratinocytes revealed that the IFB system remained intact as the cells entered mitosis and surrounded the developing mitotic spindle. IFB were close to chromosomes and often associated with chromosome arms. In contrast, in HeLa, a human epithelial cell, keratin-containing IFB appear to dissemble as cells enter mitosis (Franke, W. W., E. Schmid, C. Grund, and B. Geiger, 1982, Cell, 30:103-113). The keratin IFB in mitotic HeLa cells appeared to form amorphous nonfilamentous bodies as determined by electron microscopy. However, in HeLa, another IF system composed primarily of a 55,000-mol-wt protein (frequently termed vimentin) appears to remain morphologically intact throughout mitosis in close association with the mitotic apparatus (Celis, J.E., P.M. Larsen, S.J. Fey, and A. Celis, 1983, J. Cell Biol., 97:1429-34). We propose that the mitotic apparatus in both mouse epidermal cells and in HeLa cells is supported and centered within the cell by IFB networks.

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Rosenblitt, Alison. "‘A TWILIGHT SMELLING OF VERGIL’: E. E. CUMMINGS, CLASSICS, AND THE GREAT WAR." Greece and Rome 61, no. 2 (September 12, 2014): 242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383514000084.

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The opened door showed a room,about sixteen feet short and four feet narrow,with a heap of straw in the further end. My spirits had been steadily recovering from the banality of their examination; and it was with a genuine and never-to-be-forgotten thrill that I remarked,as I crossed what might have been the threshold : ‘Mais,on est bien ici.’A hideous crash nipped the last word. I had supposed the whole prison to have been utterly destroyed by earthquake,but it was only my door closing....Here, in a passage taken from the novelized version of his own imprisonment in France in 1917, the American modernist poet E. E. Cummings describes the moment of confrontation with the first of his prison cells. He had volunteered for ambulance service in France during the First World War, but his service lasted only a few months before he and his friend William Slater Brown were arrested and incarcerated – wrongfully suspected of espionage – in a brutal French detention camp at La Ferté-Macé.

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Garnier, Josette, Pierre Servais, and Gilles Billen. "Bacterioplankton in the Seine River (France): impact of the Parisian urban effluent." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-009.

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Bacterial abundance and biomass were studied in April, July, and October 1989 at 13 stations along 300 km of the course of the river Seine, including Paris and its suburbs. Monthly investigations were carried out at five stations downstream from Paris where the river receives the effluent of an important waste water treatment plant (Achères). As a result of an input of allochthonous bacteria from the effluent of the plant, an increase in bacterial abundance and biomass was observed below Achères (from about 5 × 109 to 15 × 109 cells L−1 and from 100 to 750 μg C L−1). This was followed by a rapid decrease. The allochthonous bacteria comprised a high proportion of large bacteria, which disappeared at a much higher rate than the small bacteria (0.0366 vs. 0.0125 h−1). Paradoxically, these large bacteria grew at a rate twice that of the smaller cells in culture experiments (0.129 vs. 0.065 h−1 in June and 0.118 vs. 0.071 h−1 in October). These large bacteria must therefore be subjected to intense losses (grazing, sedimentation, etc.). Higher rates of discharge of the river, i.e., a shorter residence time of the water masses, appeared to transmit the Achères signal farther, leading to faster transport of the bacterial populations. Key words: bacterioplankton ecology, size fractions, river ecosystem.

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Olmedilla, Begoña, Fernando Granado, Susan Southon, Anthony J. A. Wright, Inmaculada Blanco, Enrique Gil-Martinez, Henk van den Berg, et al. "Serum concentrations of carotenoids and vitamins A, E, and C in control subjects from five European countries." British Journal of Nutrition 85, no. 2 (February 2001): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2000248.

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High intakes of fruits and vegetables, or high circulating levels of their biomarkers (carotenoids, vitamins C and E), have been associated with a relatively low incidence of cardiovascular disease, cataract and cancer. Exposure to a high fruit and vegetable diet increases antioxidant concentrations in blood and body tissues, and potentially protects against oxidative damage to cells and tissues. This paper describes blood concentrations of carotenoids, tocopherols, ascorbic acid and retinol in well-defined groups of healthy, non-smokers, aged 25–45 years, 175 men and 174 women from five European countries (France, UK (Northern Ireland), Republic of Ireland, The Netherlands and Spain). Analysis was centralised and performed within 18 months. Within-gender, vitamin C showed no significant differences between centres. Females in France, Republic of Ireland and Spain had significantly higher plasma vitamin C concentrations than their male counterparts. Serum retinol and α-tocopherol levels were similar between centres, but γ-tocopherol showed a great variability being the lowest in Spain and France, and the highest in The Netherlands. The provitamin A: non-provitamin A carotenoid ratio was similar among countries, whereas the xanthophylls (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin) to carotenes (α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) ratio was double in southern (Spain) compared to the northern areas (Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland). Serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin were highest in France and Spain; β-cryptoxanthin was highest in Spain and The Netherlands;trans-lycopene tended to be highest in Irish males and lowest in Spanish males; α-carotene and β-carotene were higher in the French volunteers. Due to the study design, the concentrations of carotenoids and vitamins A, C and E represent physiological ranges achievable by dietary means and may be considered as ‘reference values’ in serum of healthy, non-smoking middle-aged subjects from five European countries. The results suggest that lutein (and zeaxanthin), β-cryptoxanthin, total xanthophylls and γ-tocopherol (and α- : γ-tocopherol) may be important markers related to the healthy or protective effects of the Mediterranean-like diet.

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Crisanti, Patricia, Boubaker Omri, Eleanor J. Hughes, Geri Meduri, Christiane Hery, Eric Clauser, Claude Jacquemin, and Bertrand Saunier. "The Expression of Thyrotropin Receptor in the Brain**This work was supported in part by a grant from the Faculté de Médecine de Bicêtre (Université Paris XI, Orsay, France) and Program Tournesol (Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Paris, France)." Endocrinology 142, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 812–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.142.2.7943.

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Abstract The regulation of the thyroid gland by TSH is mediated by a heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptor. Nonthyroid effects of TSH have been reported, and expression of its receptor has been described in adipocytes and lymphocytes. We have previously reported the existence of specific and saturable binding sites of TSH and specific TSH effects in primary cultured rat brain astroglial cells. We now report expression of the TSH receptor gene in these cells; the coding sequence of the corresponding complementary DNA is identical to that previously established in thyroid. Using specific antisense RNA probe, expression of this gene was detected in some isolated or clustered glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive primary cultured cells by in situ hybridization. With this technique, we further detected TSH receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in rat brain cryoslices in both neuronal cells and astrocytes. Its presence predominated in neuron-rich areas (pyriform and postcingulate cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamic nuclei) and was mostly colocalized with neuron-specific enolase. In astrocytes, this mRNA was detected in the ependymal cell layer and the subependymal zone, and several isolated cells were also found in the brain parenchyma. We also detected TSH receptor mRNA and protein in primary cultured human astrocytes. The protein was detected as well in both rat and human brain cryoslices. Together, these findings clearly demonstrate the expression of the TSH receptor gene in the brain in both neuronal cells and astrocytes.

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Demaria, Olivier, Julien Carvelli, Nassima Chouaki Benmansour, Joanna Fares, Luciana Batista, Marie-Laure Thibult, Ariane Morel, et al. "483 Association of COVID-19 inflammation with activation of the C5a-C5aR1 axis." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (November 2020): A519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0483.

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BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new pandemic disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The C5a anaphylatoxin and its receptor C5aR1 (CD88) play a key role in the initiation and maintenance of several inflammatory responses, by recruiting and activating neutrophils and monocytes in the lungs.MethodsWe provide a longitudinal analysis of immune responses, including immune cell phenotyping and assessments of the soluble factors present in the blood and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients at various stages of COVID-19 severity: paucisymptomatic, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)ResultsWe report an increase in soluble C5a levels proportional to COVID-19 severity and high levels of C5aR1 expression in blood and pulmonary myeloid cells, supporting a role for the C5a-C5aR1 axis in the pathophysiology of ARDS. Avdoralimab, an anti-C5aR1 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) prevented C5a-mediated human myeloid cell recruitment and activation, and inhibited acute lung injury (ALI) in human C5aR1 knockin mice.ConclusionsThese results support the evaluation of avdoralimab to block C5a-C5aR1 axis as a mean of limiting myeloid cell infiltration in damaged organs and preventing the excessive lung inflammation and endothelialitis associated with ARDS in COVID-19 patientsAcknowledgementsThe Explore COVID-19 IPH group, the Explore COVID-19 Marseille Immunopole group.Ethics ApprovalHuman study protocol was approved by the Committee for the Protection of Persons Ile-de-France III – France (#2020-A00757-32). Animal experiments were approved by the ministere de l’enseignement superieur, de la recherche et de l’innovation – France (APAFIS#25418-2020051512242806 v2).

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Lobyntseva, G. "Review of the 3rd IPLASS meeting: toward clinical applications of placental and endometrial stem cells." Cell and Organ Transplantology 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2014): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22494/cot.v2i2.29.

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From 10 to 12 September the 3rd IPLASS Meeting: toward clinical application of endometrial and placental stem cells took place in Granada (Spain). The organizer of the symposium was the International Placenta Stem Cell Society (IPLASS) headed by President Dr. Ornella Parolini (Italy). There were presented 29 oral reports and 25 poster presentations. Scientific and clinical institutions in Italy, United States, Australia, Austria, Netherlands, Sweden, Israel, India, Portugal, Spain, France, Argentina, Brazil, Japan, China, Chile, and Germany are engaged in research of characteristics of stem cells derived from the placenta. Scientists from Ukraine (Institute of Cell Therapy, Kyiv) presented three reports, which scientific value was awarded with a diploma and a prize.

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Dumas, Dominique, Véronique Latger, and Jean F. Stoltz. "Biological Relevancy of Quantitative Analysis of Adherence Receptors on Polymorphonuclear.Neutrophil by Flow Cytometry and Optical Scanning Microscopy.." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 1122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600018936.

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Leukocytes adherence receptors are the basis of cells interactions1. Flow cytometry (FCM) makes it possible to assess a characterization of the activation level of a given cellular population by receptor quantifying2. That technique, however does not integrate at the same time, all others factors of leucocyte adhesive phenotype regulation, as spatial distribution and molecular conformation. Our study consisted in exploring the main adhesion receptors (CD62L, CDllb/CD18) on the surface of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils (PMN) that were prepared under identical conditions and simultaneously analyzed by FCM and Conventional Optical Scanning Microscopy/Deconvolution3 (COSM). Methods: PMN cells from whole blood were obtained using Polymorphprep™. Isolated PMN (105 cells /ml) were incubated with Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFα, 100 UI/ml) at 37°C for one hour. Quantification of cell surface molecules was assessed according to the quantitative indirect immunofluorescence3 method using QIFIKIT® (Dako, France).

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HIGUCHI, Yoichi. "La loi qui écrit l'histoire? : - à propos des exemples récents en France." Transactions of the Japan Academy 62, no. 2 (2007): 215–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2183/tja.62.2_215.

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Lyonnet, S., F. Rey, C. Caillaud, V. Abadie, A. Munnich, and J. Rey. "Bases moléculaires de la phénylcétonurie en France : de l'invasion celte à la bataille de Poitiers." médecine/sciences 4, no. 9 (1988): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/3878.

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Cameron, Rondo. "La banque de France et ses deux cents actionnaires sous le Second Empire. Alain Plessis." Journal of Modern History 57, no. 1 (March 1985): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/242803.

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Zakharova, E., J. C. Calvet, S. Lafont, C. Albergel, J. P. Wigneron, M. Pardé, Y. Kerr, and M. Zribi. "Spatial and temporal variability of biophysical variables in southwestern France from airborne L-band radiometry." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 25, 2012): 1725–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1725-2012.

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Abstract. In 2009 and 2010 the L-band microwave Cooperative Airborne Radiometer for Ocean and Land Studies (CAROLS) campaign was performed in southwestern France to support the calibration and validation of the new Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission. The L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere (L-MEB) model was used to retrieve surface soil moisture (SSM) and the vegetation optical depth (VOD) from the CAROLS brightness temperature measurements. The CAROLS SSM was compared with in situ observations at 11 sites of the SMOSMANIA (Soil Moisture Observing System-Meteorological Automatic Network Integrated Application) network of Météo-France. For eight of them, significant correlations were observed (0.51 ≤ r ≤ 0.82), with standard deviation of differences ranging from 0.039 m3 m−3 to 0.141 m3 m−3. Also, the CAROLS SSM was compared with SSM values simulated by the A-gs version of the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere and Atmosphere (ISBA-A-gs) model along 20 flight lines, at a resolution of 8 km × 8 km. A significant spatial correlation between these two datasets was observed for all the flights (0.36 ≤ r ≤ 0.85). The CAROLS VOD presented significant spatial correlations with the vegetation water content (VWC) derived from the spatial distribution of vegetation types used in ISBA-A-gs and from the Leaf Area Index (LAI) simulated for low vegetation. On the other hand, the CAROLS VOD presented little temporal changes, and no temporal correlation was observed with the simulated LAI. For low vegetation, the ratio of VOD to VWC tended to decrease, from springtime to summertime. The ISBA-A-gs grid cells (8 km × 8 km) were sampled every 5 m by CAROLS observations, at a spatial resolution of about 2 km. For 83% of the grid cells, the standard deviation of the sub-grid CAROLS SSM was lower than 0.05 m3 m−3. The presence of small water bodies within the ISBA-A-gs grid cells tended to increase the CAROLS SSM spatial variability, up to 0.10 m3 m−3. Also, the grid cells characterised by a high vegetation cover heterogeneity presented higher standard deviation values, for both SSM and VOD.

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Vignon, Christine, Sebastien Lachot, Yves Levern, Beatrice Herault, Philippe Rosset, Franck Perrotin, Emmanuel Gyan, Jorge Domenech, and Olivier Herault. "Reactive Oxygen Species Level and GPX3 Expression in Human CD34+CD38− Progenitors Harvested From Cord Blood, Adult Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 4743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4743.4743.

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Abstract Abstract 4743 Redox signaling has emerged as an important regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and lifespan. It is established that murine HSCs have a low level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is correlated with stem cells properties (Ito K et al, Nat. Medicine, 2006; Jang YY and Sharkis SJ, Blood, 2007). Moreover, it was recently reported that Gpx3, a gene encoding for the ROS scavenger glutathione peroxydase 3, is a determinant of the self-renewal of HSCs (Herault O et al, J. Exp. Med., 2012). All these studies were performed in murine hematopoiesis and the objective of the present study was to quantify the ROS level and the GPX3 expression in human CD34+CD38- progenitor cells (vs CD34+CD38+ cells) harvested from bone marrow, cord blood and peripheral blood. Human bone marrow (BM) samples were obtained from patients (n=6) undergoing orthopedic surgery (Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital, Tours, France), ombilical cord bloods were obtained from women (n=5) after vaginal deliveries (Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Tours, France), and G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood stem cells were obtained by leukapheresis from patients (n=5) of the Department of Clinical Hematology (University Hospital, Tours, France). All samples were collected from patients informed and consenting following a procedure approved by the ethical committee. The intracellular H2O2 level was quantified by flow cytometry. The cells were incubated with 10 μM DCF-DA, 5 μL of APC-Cy7-conjugated anti-CD45 mAb (A20), 2.5 μL of PE-Cy7-conjugated anti-CD34 mAb (8G12) and 2.5 μL of APC-conjugated anti-CD38 mAb (HB7) at 37°C for 10 min and then analyzed. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were identified according to CD45/SSC gating. The subpopulation SSClowCD45intCD34+ has been split into two fractions according to the expression of CD38. The expression of GPX3 was measured by quantitative RT-PCR (vs. GAPDH) in CD34+CD38- and CD34+CD38+ FACS (MoFloTM, Beckman Coulter)-sorted cells using the same gating strategy as previously mentioned for the ROS measurement. We observed that among the different cell subpopulations, the CD34+CD38- fraction was the one which expressed the lowest level of ROS, which was higher in the CD34+CD38+ fraction in all analyses. This difference in marrow, cord blood and peripheral blood samples was on average (+/−ecm) 3.7+/−0.6, 4.0+/−2.3 and 1.3+/−0.1, respectively. Regarding the GPX3 expression in CD34+ cells, we found a high level in the marrow samples, a moderate level in the cord blood samples and a low level in the peripheral blood samples. The GPX3 expression in CD34+CD38- fraction from bone marrow, cord blood and peripheral blood was on average (+/−ecm) 4.6+/−1.2, 3.2+/−0.4 and 1.3+/−0.1 higher than in CD34+CD38+ cells, respectively. The ROS level and GPX3 expression observed in human CD34+CD38- progenitors from bone marrow and cord blood are in line with those found in mouse hematopoiesis. It's interresting to note that the mobilization process probably modify these parameters in peripheral blood progenitors. In summary, all these data suggest a key role of GPX3 in the human hematopoiesis and that ROS level could provide a good approach to functionally isolate primitive human HSCs from bone marrow and cord blood, but not from peripheral blood after G-CSF mobilization. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Ahmed, Wesam, and Richard A. Van Etten. "Alternative approaches to eradicating the malignant clone in chronic myeloid leukemia: tyrosine-kinase inhibitor combinations and beyond." Hematology 2013, no. 1 (December 6, 2013): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.189.

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Abstract In patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase who have achieved complete molecular remission on imatinib therapy, clinical trials from France and Australia have demonstrated that the majority experience prompt molecular relapse of their leukemia upon discontinuation of the drug, showing that long-term monotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is not curative in the majority of patients with CML. This has focused attention on strategies to eradicate residual disease in CML that is presumed to arise from malignant Ph+ stem cells, which should result in permanent cure and long-term leukemia-free survival. Here, we review the evidence that targeting CML stem cells will be of clinical benefit and discuss pharmacological and immunological approaches to accomplish this goal. Where possible, we link preclinical studies of CML stem cell biology to emerging results from clinical trials of agents that may target these cells.

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Zhao, Wenjiao, Magnus Rohde, Ijaz Ul Mohsin, Carlos Ziebert, and Hans J. Seifert. "Heat Generation in NMC622 Coin Cells during Electrochemical Cycling: Separation of Reversible and Irreversible Heat Effects." Batteries 6, no. 4 (November 10, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries6040055.

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The thermal behavior of a commercial lithium-ion cell with the cathode material LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) was investigated during the cycling process using a Tian-Calvet calorimeter (C80, SETARAM Instrumentation, France). Various current flows of 42.5, 85, and 170 mA corresponding to charging rates of 0.5, 1, and 2 C, respectively, were applied in the measurements. The corresponding heat flow rates were measured by the C80 calorimeter at 30 °C. The reversible heat effect due to the reversible electrochemical reaction was quantified by the entropy change measurement. The irreversible heat effect due to internal resistances was determined by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). The results were compared with the direct measurement of the heat effect by calorimetry during electrochemical cycling.

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Dakak, J. E., R. Keller, and V. Bucur. "Rays in Juvenile Wood of Acer." IAWA Journal 20, no. 4 (1999): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001565.

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Juvenile wood characteristics of multiseriate and uniseriate rays of five species of the genus Acer were studied on young trees from France and Canada. Ray height, width, number in width of cells and proportion/mm2 were determined for the earlywood. Variance analysis was used to discriminate the variability of the characteristics of rays. Simple regression analysis shows some strong correlations between the characteristics of multiseriate and uniseriate rays of each species. Except for A. saccharinum, no relationships were established between the ray characteristics and the specific gravity. Except for A. pseudoplatanus, no relationships were established between annual ring width and ray characteristics. Principal component analysis focused separatelyon multiseriate rays and on uniseriate rays revealed differences between A. saccharum and A. saccharinum (e.g., the proportion and the number of cells in multiseriate rays).

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Vitkus, Aleksandras, Andres Arend, Margus Puusepp, Marina Aunapuu, and Vytautas Siudikas. "Biography of Professor Eber Landau and his contribution to anthropology, anatomy and neurology at the universities in Estonia, Lithuania and Switzerland." Papers on Anthropology 25, no. 2 (December 21, 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2016.25.2.09.

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This article provides an overview of the scientific activities of Professor Eber Landau (1878–1959) in Estonia, Lithuania, France, and Switzerland. In addition to providing chronological data about the academic life of Prof. Landau, in particular at the Universities of Tartu, Bern, Kaunas, and Lausanne, the article emphasizes his contribution to the development of anatomy, anthropology, histological techniques, neurohistology, and neurology. In the latter two fields, the eponyms Landau reflex, or radiopronator superius reflex, and synarmotic cells of Landau, a subtype of non-traditional large neurons in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex, have engraved his name in medical history.

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