Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cement

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Cement'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 April 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Cement"

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Kavussi, Amir, Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad, and Amir Modarres. "LABORATORY FATIGUE MODELS FOR RECYCLED MIXES WITH POZZOLANIC CEMENT AND BITUMEN EMULSION / PUCOLANINIO CEMENTO IR BITUMINIŲ EMULSIJŲ MIŠINIŲ PERDIRBIMO LABORATORINIAI NUOVARGIO MODELIAI." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 17, no. 1 (April 13, 2011): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2011.553990.

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In recent years, due to technical and economical advantages, the production of pozzolanic cements have considerably extended. In the case of asphalt recycling, using Pozzolonic cements has several advantages. Lower initial stiffness and less shrinkage microcracks than Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) are some benefits of pozzolanic cements which may reduce the probability of occuring premature cracking in recycled layer. In this reserach in order to investigate the effects of I (PM) pozzolanic cement on the fatigue cracking of recycled mixes with bitumen emulsion and develope fatigue models for these mixes, extensive indirect tensile fatigue and resilient modulus tests were performed at different temperatures and curing times. Test results showed that at high strain levels I (PM) cement specimens have superior fatigue behavior than OPC specimens. Furthermore, the effects of I (PM) cement on fatigue life of recycled mixes related to the initial strain level. Therefore a boundary strain level was determined. Above the boundary strain level, adding cement caused a reduction in fatigue life, whereas below that level the reverse was true. Finally based on laboratory testing results distinct models were established for different boundary strain levels. Santrauka Pastaraisiais metais dėl techninių ir ekonominių veiksnių pucolaninio cemento gamyba gerokai padidėjo. Pucolaninio cemento naudojimas perdirbant asfaltą turi keletą pranašumų. Mažesnis pradinis standumas ir mažiau mikroįtrūkių nei įprastame portlandcementyje (Ordinary Portland Cement, OPC) – tai keletas pucolaninio cemento pranašumų, galinčių sumažinti priešlaikinio plyšių atsiradimo tikimybę perdirbamame sluoksnyje. Šiuo moksliniu tyrimu siekiama ištirti I (PM) pucolaninio cemento poveikį nuovargio plyšių atsiradimui perdirbamuose bituminių emulsijų mišiniuose ir sukurti šių mišinių nuovargio modelius. Buvo atlikti išplėstiniai netiesioginio tempimo nuovargio ir elastingumo modulių bandymai, esant skirtingoms temperatūroms ir džiūvimo laikui. Bandymų rezultatai parodė, kad esant aukštam įtempimo lygiui I(PM) cemento bandiniai yra atsparesni nuovargiui nei portlandcemenčio (Ordinary Portland Cement, OPC) bandiniai. Be to, perdirbtų mišinių iš I (PM) cemento tvarumas yra artimas pirminiam įtempimo lygiui. Todėl buvo nustatytas ribinis įtempimo lygis. Viršijus ribinį įtempimo lygį ir įmaišius cemento tvarumas sumažėja, o esant žemesniam įtempimo lygiui buvo gautas priešingas rezultatas. Galiausiai remiantis tyrimais buvo nustatyti atskiri modeliai skirtingiems ribiniams įtempimo lygiams.
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Badrian, Hamid, Mahmoud Sabouhi, Saeid Nosouhian, Amin Davoudi, Farzaneh Nourbakhshian, and Fatemeh Naderi Nabe. "The Effect of Eugenol-Free Temporary Cement's Remnants on Retention of Full Metal Crowns: Comparative Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 3 (2013): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1347.

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ABSTRACT Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of eugenol-free temporary cement's remnants on the retentive strength of full metal crowns luted via zinc phosphate and resin cement (Maxcem) to the tooth structure. Materials and methods Forty complete standardized Ni-Cr crowns in four groups were cemented by two types of permanent cements: zinc phosphate cement and resin cement (Maxcem). In the two groups before permanent cementation of crowns, temporary acrylic crowns were cemented by eugenol-free temporary cement. Crowns¡¦ retention was evaluated by Universal testing machine. All data were analyzed by means of one-way ANOVA test in SPSS software version 11.5 (α = 0.05). Results There was no significant difference in groups with prior using eugenol-free temporary cement and groups with just using two permanents cement (p-value ≥ 0.05). Discussion The application of temporary cement before permanent cementation of full metal crowns does not have any adverse effect on retention of full metal crowns, when temporary cements are removed properly. How to cite this article Sabouhi M, Nosouhian S, Davoudi A, Nourbakhshian F, Badrian H, Nabe FN. The Effect of Eugenol- Free Temporary Cement's Remnants on Retention of Full Metal Crowns: Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013; 14(3):473-477.
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Sanduo, T. "The Special Features of Cement Standards in China." Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates 15, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/cca10604j.

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Abstract A large amount of blended cement, special cement, and shaft kiln manufactured cement is produced in China. These cements form the basis for China's cement standards. These standards have many special features and constitute a unique cement standard system. The standard cements are divided into three groups: common cement, special performance cement, and special purpose cement. As common cements, which include ordinary portland cement, portland blast-furnace cement, portland pozzolana cement, and portland composite slag cement, etc., the required and allowable blended materials incorporated in their specifications are somewhat like those in the European cement standard EN V 197, but some kinds of metallurgical slags are allowed into composite portland cement to make good use of industrial wastes, and a series of strength grades (including type R, which have higher early strength criteria) are stipulated for satisfying the various technical level of cement production and the different construction requirements. As to the special performance cement group, there are several series of cements such as portland cement, aluminatc cement, sulfo-aluminate cement, and ferro-aluminate cement, etc. The specifications for these cements are characteristic of their performance requirements: moderate-heat portland cement stipulates the criteria for heat of hydration; rapid-hardening aluminate cement defines criteria for strength within three days; expansive sulfo-aluminate cement requires criteria for rate of expansion; and self-stressing ferro-aluminate cements need criteria for self-stressing values, etc. In addition, oil well cement and masonry cement, etc., belong in the special purpose cement group. A graphical standards system is presented which includes fundamental standards, product standards, and test method standards. Owing to the different strength of the test methods, the cement strength value cannot be compared between different countries. The author suggests an international cooperative test program be organized for establishing the interrelation of mortar strength between different testing methods and the ISO method to facilitate international trade and to exchange information.
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Portella, Fernando Freitas, Fabrício Mezzomo Collares, Paula Dapper Santos, Cláudia Sartori, Everton Wegner, Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune, and Susana Maria Werner Samuel. "Glycerol Salicylate-based Pulp-Capping Material Containing Portland Cement." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 4 (August 2015): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300218.

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<p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the water sorption, solubility, pH and ability to diffuse into dentin of a glycerol salicylate-based, pulp-capping cement in comparison to a conventional calcium hydroxide-based pulp capping material (Hydcal). An experimental cement was developed containing 60% glycerol salicylate resin, 10% methyl salicylate, 25% calcium hydroxide and 5% Portland cement. Water sorption and solubility were determined based on mass changes in the samples before and after the immersion in distilled water for 7 days. Material discs were stored in distilled water for 24 h, 7 days and 28 days, and a digital pHmeter was used to measure the pH of water. The cement's ability to diffuse into bovine dentin was assessed by Raman spectroscopy. The glycerol salicylate-based cement presented higher water sorption and lower solubility than Hydcal. The pH of water used to store the samples increased for both cements, reaching 12.59±0.06 and 12.54±0.05 after 7 days, for Hydcal and glycerol salicylate-based cements, respectively. Both cements were able to turn alkaline the medium at 24 h and sustain its alkalinity after 28 days. Hydcal exhibited an intense diffusion into dentin up to 40 µm deep, and the glycerol salicylate-based cement penetrated 20 µm. The experimental glycerol salicylate-based cement presents good sorption, solubility, ability to alkalize the surrounding tissues and diffusion into dentin to be used as pulp capping material.</p>
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Tkaczewska, Ewelina. "The influence of cement kiln by-pass dust addition on the properties of Portland and slag cement." Cement Wapno Beton 26, no. 1 (2021): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32047/cwb.2021.26.1.3.

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In this paper, the infl uence of cement kiln by-pass dust on the properties of Portland cement and slag cement was studied. The reference cements used in the experiment were CEM I 42.5R and CEM III/A 42.5N. The cement kiln by-pass dust replacement of cement was 0.7% and 1.7%, to satisfy the Cl- ions content in cements: lower than or equal to 0.1%, following the demand of PN-EN 197-1:2012 standard. The following properties of cements were examined: the heat of hydration, water demand for normal consistency, initial setting time and compressive strength. The results showed that the addition of cement kiln by-pass dust of up to 1.7% has no negative effect on the properties of Portland cement and slag cement. The cements represent the same strength class, as without dust addition.
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Garg, Pooja, Malesh Pujari, D. R. Prithviraj, and Sumit Khare. "Retentiveness of Various Luting Agents Used With Implant-Supported Prosthesis: An In Vitro Study." Journal of Oral Implantology 40, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-12-00008.

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Desired retrievability of cemented implant-supported fixed prosthesis makes the retentive strength of cementing agents an important consideration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the retentiveness of purposely designed implant cement and compare its retentiveness with dental cements that are commonly used with implant systems. Ten implant analogs were embedded in auto-polymerizing acrylic resin blocks and titanium abutments were attached to them. Fifty standardized copings were waxed directly on the abutment and casted. The cements used were: (1) resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement, (2) purposely designed implant cement, (3) zinc phosphate cement, (4) zinc polycarboxylate cement, and (5) glass ionomer cement. After cementation, each sample was subjected to a pull-out test using universal testing machine and loads required to remove the crowns were recorded. The mean values and standard deviations of cement failure loads were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni test. The mean values (± SD) of loads at failure (n = 10) for various cements were as follows (N): resin-bonded zinc oxide eugenol cement 394.62 (± 9.76), Premier implant cement 333.86 (± 18.91), zinc phosphate cement 629.30 (± 20.65), zinc polycarboxylate cement 810.08 (± 11.52), and glass ionomer cement 750.17 (± 13.78). The results do not suggest that one cement type is better than another, but they do provide a ranking order of the cements regarding their ability to retain the prosthesis and facilitate easy retrievability.
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Abnelia-Rivera, Rosa, Domingo Alfonso Martín, and Miguel Ángel Sanjuán. "Cementos portland ternarios elaborados con escoria granulada de alto horno molida y cenizas volantes de carbón: desempeño de resistencia a la compresión = Ternary portland cements made with ground granulated blast-furnace slag and coal fly ash: compressive strength performance." Anales de Edificación 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/ade.2021.4969.

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Se informó que la producción mundial de cemento Portland fue de 4650 millones de toneladas en 2016. Dicha producción de cemento exige una cantidad significativa de recursos naturales y energía. Además, la producción de una tonelada de cemento Portland emite alrededor de 0,87 toneladas de dióxido de carbono. Este valor se reduciría significativamente al utilizar cementos ternarios elaborados con residuos industriales como escoria granulada de alto horno molida (GGBFS) y cenizas volantes de carbón (CFA). Además, se promueve la economía circular mediante el uso de residuos industriales (GGBFS y CFA) y se aumenta la durabilidad del hormigón en ambientes agresivos. Por el contrario, inducen un retraso en la ganancia de resistencia a la compresión como resultado de la reacción puzolánica. En este trabajo se ensayaron mezclas ternarias de cemento con proporciones GGBFS y CFA (25% y 40%) sobre morteros estándar. En consecuencia, se realizaron medidas de resistencia a la compresión a los 2, 7 y 28 días. Se discutieron las interacciones estadísticas entre GGBFS y CFA en los resultados de resistencia a la compresión de los morteros de cemento Portland ternarios.AbstractGlobal production of Portland cement was reported to be 4.65 billion tons in 2016. Such cement production demands a significant amount of natural resources and energy. Furthermore, the production of one tonne of Portland cement emits about 0.87 tons of carbon dioxide. This value would be reduced significantly by using ternary cements made with industrial wastes such as ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and coal fly ash (CFA). In addition, circular economy is promoted by using industrial wastes (GGBFS and CFA) and the concrete durability in aggressive environments is increased. By contrast, they induce a delay in the compressive strength gain as result of the pozzolanic reaction. In this paper, ternary cement mixes with GGBFS and CFA proportions (25% and 40%) were tested on standard mortars. Accordingly, compressive strength measures at 2, 7 and 28 days was performed. Statistical interactions between GGBFS and CFA on the compressive strength results of ternary Portland cement mortars were discussed.
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Thomas, Mathew, Mohammed Mustafa, Reshma Karkera, AP Nirmal Raj, Lijo Isaac, and R. Naveen Reddy. "Comparison of the Solubility of Conventional Luting Cements with that of the Polyacid Modified Composite Luting Cement and Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 12 (2016): 1016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1974.

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ABSTRACT Introduction This study was planned to find the solubility of the conventional luting cements in comparison with that of the polyacid-modified composite luting cement and recently introduced resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) with exposure to water at early stages of mixing. Materials and methods An in vitro study of the solubility of the following five commercially available luting cements, viz., glass ionomer cement (GIC) (Fuji I, GC), zinc phosphate (Elite 100, GC), polyacid-modified resin cement (PMCR) (Principle, Dentsply), polycarboxylate cement (PC) (Poly - F, Dentsply), RMGIC (Vitremer, 3M), was conducted. For each of these groups of cements, three resin holders were prepared containing two circular cavities of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm depth. All the cements to be studied were mixed in 30 seconds and then placed in the prepared cavities in the resin cement holder for 30 seconds. Results From all of the observed luting cements, PMCR cement had shown the lowest mean loss of substance at all immersion times and RMGIC showed the highest mean loss of substance at all immersion times in water from 2 to 8 minutes. The solubility of cements decreased by 38% for GIC, 33% for ZnPO4, 50% for PMCR, 29% for PC, and 17% for RMGIC. Conclusion The PMCR cement (Principle-Dentsply) had shown lowest solubility to water at the given time intervals of immersion. This was followed by PC, zinc phosphate, and GIC to various time intervals of immersion. How to cite this article Karkera R, Nirmal Raj AP, Isaac L, Mustafa M, Reddy RN, Thomas M. Comparison of the Solubility of Conventional Luting Cements with that of the Polyacid Modified Composite Luting Cement and Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):1016-1021.
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Gbureck, U., J. E. Barralet, M. P. Hofmann, and R. Thulĺ. "Nanocrystalline Tetracalcium Phosphate Cement." Journal of Dental Research 83, no. 5 (May 2004): 425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910408300514.

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Calcium hydroxide cements can lack long-term stability and achieve sustained release by matrix-controlled diffusion of hydroxyl ions. Tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) hydrolyzes slowly to form calcium hydroxide and a thin insoluble apatite layer that prevents further reaction. In this study, mechanical amorphization was used to create a setting calcium-hydroxide-releasing cement from TTCP. The effect of high-energy ball milling of TTCP on the mechanical properties of the cement was investigated. X-ray diffraction data were used to determine the phase composition of the set cements. An accelerated in vitro test compared pH of water after prolonged boiling of nanocrystalline TTCP cements and a calcium salicylate material. As milling time increased, cement compressive strength and degree of conversion increased. Hydroxyl ion release from the cement was comparable with that from a calcium salicylate material. This new cement system offers the antimicrobial potential of calcium salicylate materials combined with the long-term stability of insoluble apatite cements.
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Reis, José Maurício dos Santos Nunes, Érica Gouveia Jorge, João Gustavo Rabelo Ribeiro, Ligia Antunes Pereira Pinelli, Filipe de Oliveira Abi-Rached, and Mário Tanomaru-Filho. "Radiopacity Evaluation of Contemporary Luting Cements by Digitization of Images." ISRN Dentistry 2012 (September 13, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/704246.

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Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of two conventional cements (Zinc Cement and Ketac Cem Easymix), one resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RelyX Luting 2) and six resin cements (Multilink, Bistite II DC, RelyX ARC, Fill Magic Dual Cement, Enforce and Panavia F) by digitization of images. Methods. Five disc-shaped specimens ( mm) were made for each material, according to ISO 4049. After setting of the cements, radiographs were made using occlusal films and a graduated aluminum stepwedge varying from 1.0 to 16 mm in thickness. The radiographs were digitized, and the radiopacity of the cements was compared with the aluminum stepwedge using the software VIXWIN-2000. Data (mmAl) were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (). Results. The Zinc Cement was the most radiopaque material tested (). The resin cements presented higher radiopacity () than the conventional (Ketac Cem Easymix) or resin-modified glass ionomer (RelyX Luting 2) cements, except for the Fill Magic Dual Cement and Enforce. The Multilink presented the highest radiopacity () among the resin cements. Conclusion. The glass ionomer-based cements (Ketac Cem Easymix and RelyX Luting 2) and the resin cements (Fill Magic Dual Cement and Enforce) showed lower radiopacity values than the minimum recommended by the ISO standard.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cement"

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Darraugh, Natalie Ainsworth. "Air void characterization in fresh cement paste through ultrasonic attenuation using an immersion procedure." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31822.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Jacobs, Laurence; Committee Co-Chair: Kurtis, Kimberly; Committee Member: Kim, Jin-Yeon. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Peled, Alva. "Cement Penetrability Characteristics in Textile Cement Systems." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244044138771-75495.

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Cement penetrability is a key factor in multifilament cement composites. However, the modes of action and the concepts vary because of brittle and ductile fibers. In the case of brittle fibers such as glass, high penetrability of cement products in between the bundle filaments can lead to brittle composite behavior, and therefore addition in ductility is required. In order to have efficient bundle action and high bonding, fillers can be introduced in between the glass filaments, keeping the telescopic mode of failure but at the same time improving the bond and stress transfer within the filaments of the bundle, even at late ages, resulting in a ductile and high strength composite. On the other hand, ductile fibers such as polypropylene (PP), which also developing low bonding with the cement matrix, result in ductile cement composite but with relatively low strength. Therefore, in this case good penetrability of the cement in between the filaments of the bundle is essential in order to maximize the reinforcing efficiency of the bundle by improving bond. The penetrability of the matrix into a fabric structure and especially in between the bundle filaments made up the fabric is a result of fiber- matrix compatibility, which depends on: level of opening and spaces between the filaments, bundle surface properties including wetting and chemical affinity to the cement matrix, matrix viscosity, processing of the composite, and the nature of the fabric junctions and the resulting tightening effects of the bundle, i.e., influenced by the fabric structure itself.
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Mbasha, Migabo Willy. "The effect of portland cements and superplasticisers on the rheology of cement paste." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2169.

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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MTech Degree in Civil Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Self-compacting concrete is very sensitive to variation in cement properties and to the interaction between cement paste and additives such as superplasticisers. The assessment of these interactions can be done rheologically but there is as yet no consensus on how to evaluate the rheological properties (yield stress and viscosity) of cementitious materials. In addition, there is no clear understanding of the dependency of these rheological properties on early hydration, evaluations which are recommended to be done at paste scale. The evolution of rheological parameters in the early stage of hydration, of four CEM I 52.5N cements manufactured at different factories in South Africa, and their interaction with two different commercial superplasticisers (SPs) were investigated using three different rheometric techniques: conventional flow curve from hysteresis loops, amplitude sweep in oscillation mode and construction of flow curve. Amplitude sweep, time sweep, viscosity-time sweep as well as thixotropy tests were conducted to investigate the effect of hydration and the rate of rebuilding of each cement in the presence and absence of SP. The experiments were done on a MCR51 rheometer with roughened parallel plates under controlled temperatures and relative humidity.
PPC Cement
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Edwards, David Charles. "Cement reefs." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390320.

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Villa, Felipe (Felipe M. ). 1961. "Strategic transformation project of a cement company (Cementos Diamante S.A.)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9999.

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Coufal, Daniel. "Rychlovazný silniční cement." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409759.

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The thesis deals with the study of magnesium oxide burned by various burning regimes and his possibilities of its usage as potential expansion additive. The theoretical part of the thesis concerns mainly the volume changes and how they can be influenced. The practical part focuses on monitoring morphology, phase composition and the hydration process of magnesium oxide.
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Esseghaier, Kaela. "Early age hydration of Portland cement systems containing cement kiln dust." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28058.

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Cement kiln dust (CKD) has been used in combination with ordinary Portland cement (OPC). It has also been shown that this generally results in a reduction in strength. In some cases hydration is retarded. The objectives of this study were to use nano-calicum carbonate (CC) and metakaolinite (MK) particles in cement systems containing OPC and CKD to improve its hydration, strength, and pore structure. Calorimetry results showed that both the addition of the CC and MK particles significantly accelerated the hydration of the system. The addition of CC and the MK particles were generally effective in improving the strength of the system. Analysis of AC impedance measurements suggested that CC or MK addition resulted in a refinement of the pore structure of the system. Results from X-ray diffractometry measurements and SEM imaging were in general agreement with results obtained from the other testing techniques.
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Angus, M. J. "Radioactive wase immobilisation in cement-zeolite and other cement-based matrices." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372609.

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Angus, Michael J. "Radioactive waste immobilisation in cement-zeolite and other cement-based matrices." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU362272.

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The ability of zeolites, particularly clinoptilolite, to immobilise Cs arising as an intermediate level radioactive waste is studied. The zeolites are incorporated into Portland cement blends containing additives such as blast furnace slag, pulverised fuel ash and silica fume, and high alumina cement blends. Desorption of Cs+ from the zeolite by ion-exchange cement pore fluid species, mainly K+, Na+ and Ca is studied and ion-exchange isotherms are presented. The Cs distribution between clinoptilolite and cement pore fluid is studied by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and by chemical analysis of the pore fluid. Some Cs is released into the pore fluid, mainly by ion-exchange with K. The kinetics and mechanism of the pozzolanic reaction between clinoptilolite and Portland cement is studied at various temperatures, using a selective dissolution method, as well as XRD, thermogravimetric analysis and analytical electron microscopy. A model is developed, whereby long-term predictions of clinoptilolite reactivity can be made. Methods of limiting the pozzolanic reaction to ensure the long-term persistence of clinoptilolite in cement by blending are investigated. Slag cements show lowest reactivity. Leach tests are carried out on cement-clinoptilolite cylinders (45x80mm) using a standard leaching method. These confirm the importance of ion-exchange and chemical reactivity in determining leach rate. Additionally, the effect of factors such as clinoptilolite particle size, Cs -loading level, clinoptilolite-cement ratio, quantity and type of cement additive, curing temperature, curing time, leaching temperature and mercury porosity on leach rate are investigated. An optimal cement-clinoptilolite blend is suggested. A method is described for the measurement of oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) of cement pore fluids extracted under pressure, and of measuring the poising capacity of solid and aqueous phases. OPC is mildly oxidising, whereas slag cements provide a reducing environment due to the presence of S-containing species. The implications of E. and pH in terms of radwaste immobilisation are discussed.
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Kanwal, Nasima. "Novel zinc containing phosphate glasses for glass-ionomer cements for bone cement applications." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8440.

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Glass‐ionomer cements (GICs) are acid base reaction cements used in dentistry for restorative applications. In conventional GICs aluminosilicate glass is used to react with a polyalkenoic acid such as poly acrylic acid. Glass–ionomer cements have the potential to be used for bone cement applications, however there is a concern over the neurotoxicity of aluminium in the glass component of these cements. In this work zinc containing phosphate glass based glass–ionomer cement has been developed for the bone cement application. In this relation structure of zinc containing phosphate glasses in the system Na2O:CaO:ZnO:P2O5 ranging from metaphosphate compositions to invert phosphate compositions has been examined. Various advanced techniques in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) such as dipolar recoupling and solid state NMR of low  quadrupolar nuclei (67Zn and 43Ca) and neutron diffraction have been employed. Special emphasis has been focused on structural role of zinc in glasses of different composition and the effect of different cations on coordination of zinc along with the effect on phosphate tetrahedra. 67Zn and 43Ca solid state NMR spectra of selected glass samples have been successfully acquired at ultrahigh field 900 MHz using Solid Echo pulse sequence. In addition solid state NMR spectra of two polymorphs of crystalline Zn(PO3)2 have also been acquired at 850 MHz using DFS– WURST–QCPMG pulse sequence in order to distinguish between the magnitude and orientation of electric field gradient (EFG) of zinc in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination. Structure determined through various techniques has been related to the dissolution behaviour of glass compositions from metaphosphate to invert phosphate. A decrease in pH of surrounding medium has been observed due to the presence of zinc. Insertion of ZnO4 tetrahedra between PO4 tetrahedra has been observed in invert phosphate glasses with high zinc oxide content which renders them suitable for glass– ionomer cements. Glass–ionomer cement from glass composition 10Na2O:50ZnO:10CaO:30P2O5 and hydroxyapatite and, acrylic acid and vinyl phosphonic acid co‐polymer has been produced successfully.
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Books on the topic "Cement"

1

Association, Canadian Standards. Portland cement, masonry cement, blended hydraulic cement. Rexdale, Ont: Canadian Standards Association, 1993.

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Fedor, Gladkov. Cement. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Press, 1994.

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Edison, Michael P., ed. Natural Cement. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1494-eb.

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Reza Rezaie, Hamid, Mohammad Hossein Esnaashary, Masoud Karfarma, and Andreas Öchsner. Bone Cement. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39716-6.

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Wilder, Thornton. Cement hands. Alexandria, VA: Alexander Street Press, 2004.

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Capici, Gaetano. Cement mixer. Ann Arbor, Mich: Cherry Lake Pub., 2011.

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Canadian Society of Civil Engineers., ed. Cement testing. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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Wood, Jayé. Cement rainbow. Clinton, MD: Hold On To Your Dreams Pub. Co., 2002.

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Mittal, D. K. Cement industry. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1994.

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Canadian Society of Civil Engineers., ed. Cement tests. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cement"

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Provis, John L. "Cement." In Selective Neck Dissection for Oral Cancer, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_47-1.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Cement." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 129. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2125.

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Bregnbak, D., and C. Avnstorp. "Cement." In Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40221-5_48-2.

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Avnstorp, C. "Cement." In Handbook of Occupational Dermatology, 556–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07677-4_71.

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Lall, Sanjaya. "Cement." In Learning to Industrialize, 52–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18798-0_4.

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Gabrys, Beata, John L. Capinera, Jesusa C. Legaspi, Benjamin C. Legaspi, Lewis S. Long, John L. Capinera, Jamie Ellis, et al. "Cement." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 811. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_557.

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Avnstorp, C. "Cement." In Condensed Handbook of Occupational Dermatology, 339–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18556-4_31.

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Bregnbak, David, and Christian Avnstorp. "Cement." In Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 699–711. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_48.

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Avnstorp, Christian. "Cement." In Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology, 529–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02035-3_48.

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Provis, John L. "Cement." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 107–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_47.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cement"

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Dohnalkova, Bozena, Jiri Grosek, Tomas Zavre, and Theodor Stanek. "EVALUATION OF THE INITIAL VOLUME STABILITY OF CURRENT CEMENTS." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24, 238–46. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/6.1/s26.35.

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In the context of the pressure to reduce the production of CO2 emissions in cement manufacturing, cement plants are significantly changing their product portfolios. Changes in the composition of cement products also lead to changes in their properties. This paper focuses on the monitoring and non-standard evaluation of initial volume stability. Several different types of currently used cements produced in various cement plants in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 2022 and 2023 were tested using the �initial volume stability test�. The test results included in this article describe defects forming in the test samples at the initial stage of the cement setting and hardening. The test can be used to observe the possible differences in the properties of the same cement types from different sources, as well as the variability in the properties of one cement type within a production batch.
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Gong, Ming, and S. L. Morriss. "Ultrasonic Cement Evaluation in Inhomogeneous Cements." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/24572-ms.

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Rohrs, Eric, Manish Paliwal, and D. Gordon Allan. "Finite Element Analysis of the Influence of Cement Viscosity on Cement Mantle in Total Knee Arthroplasty." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19550.

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Aseptic loosening of the tibial implant is one of the major reasons of failure in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). The cement viscosity at the time of application to the bone influences the cement penetration and stability of the prosthesis. Four cements of different viscosities and set times were selected for analysis (Simplex-P, DePuy-2, Palacos, and Endurance). Finite element analysis was used to model cement flow and cement mantle resulting from a surgically implanted tibial plate into sawbone open cell blocks simulating tibial cancellous bone (Pacific Research, WA). Frictional stress, pressure, sliding distance, and total stress at the bone-cement-stem interface were studied at the contact interfaces, which may contribute towards construct stability. Palacos had the maximum interface pressure, sliding distance, and total stress, while DePuy-2 displayed the lowest total stress and sliding distance at interface. Simulated flow profile correlated well with the cemented constructs’ radiographic profiles.
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Abraham, J. J., C. Devers, C. Teodoriu, and M. Amani. "Predicting Oilwell Cement Properties Downhole Using Existing Databases, Modified Neural Networks and Other Machine Learning Approaches." In SPE Oklahoma City Oil and Gas Symposium. SPE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2118/224345-ms.

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Abstract Cementing operations are one of the most critical tasks performed during drilling operations, and a proper cementing job ensures the long-term stability of the well, and continued operations at the field. However, not a lot is understood about the physical and mechanical properties of cement over longer periods, especially in difficult or adverse downhole conditions, mainly due to a lack of representative data. Machine Learning algorithms and data driven approaches can help solve these problems and help make informed well-operations decisions. During the operational life of a well, the oilwell cement present in the borehole is exposed to a range of downhole conditions, pressures, stresses and fluids, all of which cause mechanical, physical and chemical degradation of the cement over time. While evaluating the downhole properties of cement placed in the wellbore over time is challenging, experimental studies have shown that temperature, cement formulation and the presence of corrosive formation fluids all affect the mechanical properties, particularly the compressive strength of cement (UCS). This can lead to shearing, cracks and de-bonding causing the formation of micro-annuli and migration pathways for formation fluids. Lab-based studies have shown that oilwell cement exhibits a wide range of physical properties and compressive strengths at different temperatures and after exposure to corrosive agents over time based on their formulation. Class G cements exhibited the highest compressive strengths, followed closely by Class H cements. Higher temperatures experienced downhole can lead to faster setting due to rapid dehydration, but this also resulted in a lower compressive strength failure threshold. Geopolymers and specialized cements demonstrated better stability, making them more suitable for high-temperature and acidic environments. Studies indicate that acoustic logs can help evaluate downhole conditions of cement, providing a means to correlate field and experimental data with the cement's behavior and its changing mechanical properties over time using machine learning models. Compressive strength of cement was found to have a strong correlation with acoustic data, as well as other parameters such as temperature, age and density, which can be used to assess the integrity of operational, old or abandoned wells. Based on this relationship between the compressive strength and acoustic data, machine learning models, including both traditional algorithms and deep learning approaches, have proven effective at predicting the evolution of cement mechanical properties over time. Among the deep learning algorithms, the LSTM model had the highest prediction accuracy, while a supervised random forest model showed the best fit between actual and predicted data. A thorough understanding of oilwell cement's behavior and the changes in its mechanical properties is essential for ensuring safe and efficient operations. Data-driven models that link cement's mechanical properties to various parameters such as the acoustic data can be highly effective at predicting the overall long-term integrity of the cement sheath.
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Crandall, Dustin, Magdalena Gill, Johnathan Moore, and Barbara Kutchko. "Foamed Cement Analysis With Computed Tomography." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21589.

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Foamed cements are widely used for cementing oil or gas wells that require lightweight slurries, gas migration prevention, or wells in high-stress environments. When this manufactured slurry solidifies in the sub-surface environment the distribution of gas voids can affect the resultant strength, permeability, and stability of the wellbore casing. Researchers at the National Energy Technology Laboratory have produced the first high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) three-dimensional images of atmospheric and field generated foamed cement across a range of foam qualities. CT imaging enabled the assessment and quantification of the foamed cement structure, quality, and bubble size distribution in order to provide a better understanding of this cement. Ultimately, this research will provide industry the knowledge to ensure long-term well integrity and safe operation of wells in which foamed cements are used. Initial results show that a systematic technique for isolating air voids can give consistent results from the image data, laboratory generated foamed cements tend to be uniform, and that high-gas fraction foamed cements have large interconnected void spaces.
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Abdalrahman, Eslam M., Osman Hamid, and Mustafa Al-Ramadan. "Wellbore Cement on Demand: Cement Rheology on Stress Regime Dependency." In International Geomechanics Conference. ARMA, 2024. https://doi.org/10.56952/igs-2024-0090.

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Abstract: This study aims to explore the dependency of cement rheology on the varying forces experienced in different subsurface environments. The core objective is to provide a cement recipe that enhance wellbore integrity by tailoring cement bond quality to withstand the specific forces encountered in typical stress regimes of subsurface. Rheological assessments of cement slurries have been conducted under controlled laboratory conditions that mimic the forces corresponding to normal fault, strike-slip, and reverse fault regimes. The research involved a series of shear stress tests, compressive strength analyses, and dynamic simulations to model the influence of these forces on cement properties. Results revealed a critical force-dependent rheology relationship. Cement slurries demonstrated varied responses to shear and compressive forces, with optimal formulations emerging for each force regime. In the normal fault regime, cement slurries with high tensile strength were more effective, whereas strike-slip conditions required enhanced shear resistance. For the reverse fault regime, cements with superior compressive performance showed the best results. The innovative aspect of this research lies in the real-time adaptation of cement slurry compositions based on the stress regime and forces acting on the wellbore wall. This approach leverages advanced rheological models and predictive analytics to customize cement formulations dynamically during the cementing process.
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Govil, Amit, Guillermo Obando Palacio, Roy G. Middleton, and Dan T. Mueller. "Multiwell Field Examples for Lightweight Cement Evaluation Using Tight Processing from Pulse-Echo and Pitch-Catch Data." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2118/223648-ms.

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Abstract In this paper we address the challenge of identifying lightweight or foam cements during cement evaluation. Our primary objective is to present an innovative approach that uses well logging ultrasonic data and processing for accurate assessment. Specifically, the focus is on overcoming issues associated with identifying these unique cement types. The method named tight solid-liquid-gas (SLG) processing, is introduced as a novel technique to enhance the evaluation of lightweight cements. Leveraging both pitch-catch dataset and pulse-echo measurements, this approach involves intricate processing to extract valuable insights. By employing these resources, the technique aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cement's integrity, surpassing the limitations of traditional evaluation methods. Tight SLG processing enhances discrimination of lightweight solids from displaced muds and identifies microannulus or microdebonded cement. It uses a four-envelope cross-plot, instead of the standard three-envelope SLG crossplot of acoustic impedance from pulse-echo vs. acoustic impedance from flexural attenuation. The application of tight SLG processing on ultrasonic data marks a novel development in cement evaluation, evident in the detailed reprocessing of log data from multiple legacy wells. This in-depth analysis has revealed significantly more solids within the annular space than were previously observed, significantly advancing our understanding of the cement bond. Notably, the identification and allocation of these ‘new’ solids within the fourth envelope helps identify previously uncharacterized microdebonded cement. This discovery is a crucial breakthrough, surpassing the capabilities of traditional evaluation methods. A key innovation in our approach involves a pre analysis of pitch-catch data, a critical factor in distinguishing materials within the annulus. This enhancement has proven instrumental in identifying materials besides fluids or formation. The refined sensitivity provided by pitch-catch data has unveiled previously undetectable details. These findings affirm the efficacy of tight SLG processing in overcoming the challenges associated with lightweight and foam cements. The identification of microdebonded cement and the differentiation of materials within the annular space emphasize the transformative potential of the technique. In conclusion, the results obtained through tight SLG processing in lightweight or foam cements represent a pivotal leap in cement evaluation methodologies, offering enhanced accuracy and contributing to the broader understanding of well integrity in the oil and gas industry. In this paper we introduce a groundbreaking advancement in well logging by highlighting the effective use of tight SLG processing for cement evaluation in lightweight or foam cements. The integration of pitch-catch data and pulse-echo measurements in this approach represents a novel contribution to the field. By overcoming the challenges specific to lightweight or foam cements, our technique offers a valuable tool for the oil and gas industry, ensuring the integrity of wells construction and marking a significant leap forward in well logging methodologies.
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Agarwal, A. K., M. Kodigudla, D. Desai, A. D. Jones, B. Lin, V. K. Goel, and B. Schlossber. "Biomedical Evaluation of Polymerized Biodegradable Cement vs. PMMA Cement in Kyphoplasty for Vertebral Compressive Fractures." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14230.

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Kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty procedures traditionally use PMMA to treat the fractured vertebrae due to its mechanical properties. However, with time the bone erodes around the cement due to osteoporosis and inhibited bone remodeling due to the cyotoxicity of PMMA (1). The exothermic reaction of PMMA is also responsible for thermal necrosis and can cause complications in cases of extravasation (1; 2; 3). Lastly, PMMA is not bioactive and will not be reabsorbed (1; 2; 3). Thus, alternative cements with similar mechanical strengths are being explored. Calcium phosphate cements (CaP) have been explored due to their bioactive and non-thermal properties (3; 4). Despite these advantages, there are reservations of traditional CaP cements due to deficiencies in mechanical properties (1; 4). We evaluated new polymerized calcium phosphate (pCaP) cement which is not brittle like traditional CaP cements. Mechanical properties of vertebral bodies augmented with either PMMA or pCaP after fracture were determined.
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Thiercelin, M. J., B. Dargaud, J. F. Baret, and W. J. Rodriguez. "Cement Design Based on Cement Mechanical Response." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/38598-ms.

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Kamgang, Sebastien, Matthew Goralczyk, Amer Hanif, and Rakesh Neupane. "Conquering Cement Evaluation Challenges in Uncured or Micro-Annulus Conditions. The Case for Advanced Shear and Flexural Measurements." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/34869-ms.

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Abstract A well-cemented casing is critical for the safety and performance of the well. Cement reduces risk of casing failure, provides hydraulic isolation, prevents unwanted production of formation fluids and protects ground water. Uncured cement and micro-annulus are two common conditions which are incorrectly interpretated as poor bond from conventional cement integrity logs. Use of an innovative shear and flexural technology makes it possible to confidently identify these two-condition preventing needless and costly remedial actions. Conventional bond logging instruments generate compressional acoustic waves and show poor bonding, if recorded sooner than the time needed by cement downhole to achieve full compressive strength. Existence of a casing-cement gap, in a micro-annulus condition, also affects attenuation of compressional wave, making it difficult to differentiate from poor bond condition without a separate pressure pass. An Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer uses shear waves responding to in-situ shear modulus of the cement coupled to casing. A flexural wave mode is also measured, with particle displacement normal to casing surface. Together, these measurements provide an unambiguous bond evaluation in both these conditions. Cement slurries are designed and tested, in laboratory environment, to achieve a certain downhole performance on strength and curing time. However, the downhole conditions often vary from the assumptions made in the laboratory and a variety of conditions can develop behind the casing. The cement may require additional time to fully cure, cement properties such as density may be affected by downhole contamination, the cement sheath could be present but not bonded to the casing (micro-annulus). Long curing times are undesirable for the efficiency of completion programs. Pressure passes to close micro-annulus prior to recording bond log, is time-consuming and may not be even possible due to weak casing condition, open perforations, leaking plugs, pressure setup requirements, etc. Decrease in slurry density can affect attenuation of compressional wave resulting in incorrect estimation of cement strength and coverage. Through multiple field examples, of cement evaluation, using Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) technology, we will demonstrate that a clear identification and cement bond evaluation can be done against green cements, altered or low-density cements, and micro-annulus conditions, avoiding need for extra pressure passes and enabling confident decision making on remedial cement repair or subsequent completion steps. EMAT sensor technology and associated measurements are relatively new in cement evaluation. The technology is able to correctly evaluate cement bond over a wide range of slurry densities, offering completion engineers flexibility on curing times needed prior to recording cement evaluation logs. Squeeze intervals, if required, are picked with certainty avoiding unsuccessful multiples repair events with associated time and cost overruns.
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Reports on the topic "Cement"

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Smith, Paul N., David R. J. Gill, Michael J. McAuliffe, Catherine McDougall, James D. Stoney, Christopher J. Vertullo, Christopher J. Wall, et al. Cement in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Supplementary Report. Australian Orthopaedic Association, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25310/yqfh3003.

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This supplementary report provides information on the use of cement in primary total hip and primary total knee replacement. The trends in use over time and the revision rates for antibiotic cement and plain cement are provided. The use of antibiotic cement has increased over time. In 2022, 99.9% of cemented total conventional hip replacements and 99.3% of cemented total knee replacements used antibiotic cement. In primary total conventional hip replacement, antibiotic cement has a higher rate of revision in the first 6 months and a lower rate after 1.5 years compared to plain cement. When revision for infection is analysed, antibiotic cement has a higher rate of revision in the first 3 months and a lower rate of revision for infection after this time compared to plain cement (Table C8 and Figure C6). In primary total knee replacement, antibiotic cement has a lower rate of revision compared to plain cement. However, this may be confounded by multiple factors and there is no difference in the rate of revision for infection. This Report is one of 16 supplementary reports to complete the AOANJRR Annual Report for 2023. Information on the background, purpose, aims, benefits and governance of the Registry can be found in the Introductory chapter of the 2023 Hip, Knee and Shoulder Arthroplasty Annual Report. The Registry data quality processes including data collection, validation and outcomes assessment, are provided in detail in the Data Quality section of the introductory chapter of the 2023 Hip, Knee and Shoulder Arthroplasty Annual Report: https://aoanjrr.sahmri.com/annual-reports-2023.
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Lewis, Peter L., David RJ Gill, Michael J. McAuliffe, Catherine McDougall, James D. Stoney, Christopher J. Vertullo, Christopher J. Wall, et al. Cement in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: 2024 Supplementary Report. Australian Orthopaedic Association, October 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25310/hacu2205.

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This supplementary report provides information on the use of cement in primary total hip and primary total knee replacement. The trends in use over time and the revision rates for antibiotic cement and plain cement are provided. The use of antibiotic cement has increased over time. In 2023, 99.6% of cemented total conventional hip replacements and 99.6% of cemented total knee replacements used antibiotic cement. In primary total conventional hip replacement, antibiotic cement has a higher rate of revision in the first 6 months and a lower rate after this time compared to plain cement. When revision for infection is analysed, antibiotic cement has a higher rate of revision in the first 3 months and a lower rate of revision for infection after this time compared to plain cement. In primary total knee replacement, antibiotic cement has a lower rate of revision compared to plain cement. However, this may be confounded by multiple factors and there is no difference in the rate of revision for infection. This Report is one of 14 supplementary reports to complete the AOANJRR Annual Report for 2024. Information on the background, purpose, aims, benefits and governance of the Registry can be found in the Introductory chapter of the 2024 Hip, Knee and Shoulder Arthroplasty Annual Report. The Registry data quality processes including data collection, validation and outcomes assessment, are provided in detail in the Data Quality section of the introductory chapter of the 2024 Hip, Knee and Shoulder Arthroplasty Annual Report: https://aoanjrr.sahmri.com/annual-reports-2024.
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Giannini, Eric, and Mark Niemuth. Performance of Portland and Portland-Limestone Cements in ASTM C452 and ASTM C1012 Testing. Portland Cement Association (PCA), 2025. https://doi.org/10.70909/pca.2025.sn3355.

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This report presents the results of a survey of sulfate resistance tests (ASTM C452 and ASTM C1012) conducted by PCA members on portland cements and portland-limestone cements produced at 32 cement plants in North America. The survey responses are analyzed in combination with additional test data provided for cements produced at five non-PCA-member cement plants, and published data from 2019 on Type V cements from ten cement plants. There is a correlation between ASTM C1012 results and ASTM C452 results for ASTM C595 Type IL cements similar to the correlation between ASTM C1012 and ASTM C452 results for ASTM C150 Type II and V cements. Type IL cements currently meeting 6-month ASTM C1012 expansion limits for sulfate resistant designations in ASTM C595 generally would also meet 14-day ASTM C452 expansion limits currently in CSA A3001, although there are some differences between the tests with respect to designating cements as high sulfate resistant or moderate sulfate resistant. Revisions to ASTM and AASHTO standard specifications for sulfate resistance designations for Type IL (portland-limestone) cements are recommended to permit these designations based upon 14-day expansion results in the ASTM C452 mortar bar test, while also retaining the option to base designations upon ASTM C1012 test results.
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Long, Wendy, Jesse Doyle, Edith Martinez-Guerra, and Christopher Griggs. Effects of impure water sources on early-age properties of calcium sulfoaluminate cements for rapid airfield damage recovery. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44780.

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In austere environments with limited access to clean water, it is advantageous to use nonpotable water for construction (i.e., mixing water for concrete.) In rapid-response situations such as rapid airfield damage recovery (RADR), the use of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements is beneficial for expedient pavement repairs because of their rapid strength gain characteristics. However, the hydration products formed by CSA cements are substantially different from those formed by ordinary portland cement and might react differently to impurities that water sources may contain. A laboratory study component investigated the application of various salts and impure sources of mixing water with commercially available CSA cement-based products. A field component studied the application of naturally occurring impure water sources for RADR. Recommendations are made for implementation of impure mixing water for RADR using commercially available flowable fill and concrete products made with CSA cement.
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Sabins, Fred. ULTRA-LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/785118.

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Sabins, Fred. ULTRA-LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/786854.

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Sabins, Fred. ULTRA-LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/786894.

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Sabins, Fred. ULTRA-LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804915.

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Fred Sabins. ULTRA-LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/812030.

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Fred Sabins. ULTRA-LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/812031.

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