Academic literature on the topic 'Cement additives industry'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cement additives industry"
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Sobolev, Konstantin. "Sustainable Development of the Cement Industry and Blended Cements to Meet Ecological Challenges." Scientific World JOURNAL 3 (2003): 308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2003.23.
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The world production of cement has greatly increased in the past 10 years. This trend is the most significant factor affecting technological development and the updating of manufacturing facilities in the cement industry. Existing technology for the production of cement clinker is ecologically damaging; it consumes much energy and natural resources and also emits pollutants. A new approach to the production of blended or high-volume mineral additive (HVMA) cement helps to improve its ecological compatibility. HVMA cement technology is based on the intergrinding of portland cement clinker, gypsum, mineral additives, and a special complex admixture. This new method increases the compressive strength of ordinary cement, improves durability of the cement-based materials, and - at the same time - uses inexpensive natural mineral additives or industrial by-products. This improvement leads to a reduction of energy consumption per unit of the cement produced. Higher strength, better durability, reduction of pollution at the clinker production stage, and decrease of landfill area occupied by industrial by-products, all provide ecological advantages for HVMA cement.
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Askar Zhambulovich, Aimenov, Khudyakova Tatyana Mikhailovna, Sarsenbayev Bakytzhan Kudaibergenovich, Dzhakipbekova Nagima Ormanovna, Ali Khalid Abdul Khalim Kheidar, and Alvein Yaser Mukhamed Ali. "Studying the Mineral Additives Effect on a Composition and Properties of a Composite Binding Agent." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 4 (August 20, 2018): 1945–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404031.
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A Portland cement is a basic initial component for concrete and reinforced concrete manufacture, which defines their technical-economic and operational properties. One of a perspective ways of increase in the efficiency of cement production without essential change of its technology is inclusion of various mineral additives influencing on a structure and properties of a cement stone. As power inputs make the most part of the costs necessary for cement manufacture, the cement industry is interested in decrease in fuel and electric power expenditures per 1 tonne of cement. To reach the decrease in power inputs and at the same time to raise the environmental safety of cement production the cement industry is recently focused on increase in output of composite cements. Composite cements not only promote optimization of the production in terms of ecology, but also can provide such technical advantages as lower hydration heat, higher chemical resistance and placeability.
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Tursunova, Gulsanam Ruzimurodovna, and Farrukh Bakhtiyarovich Atabaev. "Definition Of Puzzolanic Properties Active Mineral Additives In Portlandcement." American Journal of Applied Sciences 03, no. 03 (March 25, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue03-02.
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The article presents the results of testing the use of Angren dry remote active ash and slag in Portland cement as an active mineral additive. It was found that Portland cement with the addition of Angren dry remote active ash and slag renders karrazastoy, ekanomet clinker and it is proved that hydro removed ash and slag (2011 year) does not recommend as an active mineral additive. Therefore, dry remote active ash and slag is recommended for use as an active mineral additive in the production of cement, improving its construction and technical properties. The possibility of using Angren dry remote active ash and slag as an active mineral component for producing cements with low corrosion resistance is shown. Angren dry remote active ash and slag contributes to the formation of the structure of the cement stone, increases its density and strength against aggressive ions, causing increased resistance in aggressive environments. And save up to 30% of cement. It has been established that Portland cement with the addition of Angren dry remote active ash and slag has an intensifying effect on the formation of clinker minerals. Therefore, the Angren dry remote active ash and slag is recommended for use as a mineralizing additive in the production of cement. Use of chemical industry waste with replacement of expensive natural production and consumption waste. At the same time, an environmental problem is being addressed.
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Stefanovic, Gordana, Goran Vuckovic, Mirko Stojiljkovic, and Milan Trifunovic. "CO2 reduction options in cement industry: The Novi Popovac case." Thermal Science 14, no. 3 (2010): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci091211014s.
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The cement industry contributes about 5% to global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, and is thus an important sector in CO2-emission mitigation strategies. Carbon dioxide is emitted from the calcination process of limestone, from combustion of fuels in the kiln, and from the coal combustion during power generation. Strategies to reduce these CO2 emissions include energy efficiency improvement, new processes, shift to low carbon fuels or waste fuels in cement production, increased use of additives in cement production, alternative cements, and CO2 removal from flue gases in clinker kilns. Increased use of fly ash as an additive to cement and concrete has a number of advantages, the primary being reduction of costs of fly ash disposal, resource conservation, and cost reduction of the product. Since the production of cement requires a large amount of energy (about 2.9-3.2 GJt-1), the substitution of cement by fly ash saves not only energy but also reduces the associated greenhouse gas emissions. The paper evaluates the reduction of CO2 emissions that can be achieved by these mitigation strategies, as well as by partial substitution of cement by fly ash. The latter is important because the quality of the produced concrete depends on the physical-chemical properties of the fly ash and thus partial substitution as well as the type of fly ash (e.g., the content of CaO) has an effect not only on energy consumption and emissions, but also on the produced concrete quality.
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White, Claire. "Alkali-activated materials: the role of molecular-scale research and lessons from the energy transition to combat climate change." RILEM Technical Letters 4 (January 28, 2020): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2019.98.
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Alternative (i.e., non-Portland) cements, such as alkali-activated materials, have gained significant interest from the scientific community due to their proven CO2 savings compared with Portland cement together with known short-term performance properties. However, the concrete industry remains dominated by Portland cement-based concrete. This Letter explores the technical and non-technical hurdles preventing implementation of an alternative cement, such as alkali-activated materials, in the concrete industry and discusses how these hurdles can be overcome. Specifically, it is shown that certain technical hurdles, such as a lack of understanding how certain additives affect setting of alkali-activated materials (and Portland cement) and the absence of long-term in-field performance data of these sustainable cements, can be mitigated via the use of key molecular- and nano-scale experimental techniques to elucidate dominant material characteristics, including those that control long-term performance. In the second part of this Letter the concrete industry is compared and contrasted with the electricity generation industry, and specifically the transition from one dominant technology (i.e., coal) to a diverse array of energy sources including renewables. It is concluded that financial incentives and public advocacy (akin to advocacy for renewables in the energy sector) would significantly enhance uptake of alternative cements in the concrete industry.
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Bassioni, Ghada. "GLOBAL WARMING AND CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (August 3, 2015): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2009vol2.1013.
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The manufacture of cements with several main constituents is of particular importance with regard to reducing climatically relevant CO2 emissions in the cement industry. This ecological aspect is not the only argument in favor of Portland composite cements. They are also viable alternatives to Portland cement from the technical point of view. Substitution of ordinary Portland cement (CEM I) by Portland composite cements (CEM II) and (CEM III), which clearly possess different chemical and mineralogical compositions, results in changes of their reaction behavior with additives like superplasticizers. A common admixture to CEM I in that sense is limestone (industrial CaCO3). Its interaction with polycarboxylates is ignored and its inertness is taken for granted. This study provides a systematic approach in order to better understand the interaction of these polymeric superplasticizers with CaCO3 by adsorption and zeta potential measurements. The results give some fundamental understanding in how far the cement industry can reduce the production of cement clinker by replacing it with limestone as admixture and consequently the CO2-emission is reduced, which is of high political and environmental interest.
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Kotwa, Anna. "Parameters of hardened concrete with the addition of metakaolin." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817402007.
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There is currently no known one recipe for a concrete mix that would be suitable in all operating conditions. At present, in addition to the basic ingredients, mineral additives and chemical admixtures can be found in the formulas of concrete mixes. Each intentionally introduced addition to the concrete mix affects the rheological characteristics of the concrete mix as well as the parameters of hardened concrete. The use of mineral additives replacing cement and aggregate in a concrete mix should contribute to environmental protection in a simple and economical way. If, in addition, additives are by-products of industry, they should be managed. Alternatively, one should look for possibilities of their neutralization, eg in the concrete industry. The article applies to laboratory tests of concretes with the addition of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% metakaolin. The additive was replaced with cement in a concrete mix. The effect of the additive on compressive strength, water absorption and capillary rupture of concretes was investigated. Compressive strength was tested after 14, 28, 56 and 90 days. Water absorption and capillary rupture was tested after 28, 56 and 90 days.
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Ermilova, Elizaveta, and Zagira Kamalova. "The influence of complex additives based on calcined clays and carbonate fillers on hydration products composition of blended cement stone." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127404004.
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One of the most effective and recognizable way to solve energy and resource consumption problems in cement industry is the development of blended Portland cement with different combinations of mineral additives. The development of complex additives based on combination of calcined clays and limestone is one of the promising directions. The aim of this work was to study the influence of complex additives based on calcined kaolinitic clay with kaolinite content of 80 % and limestone with calcite content of 99 % on the blended cement stone hydration products at the age of 28 days. Using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry the composition of blended cement stone hydration products was studied. It is established that the introduction of 20 % of the complex additive based on calcined clay and limestone leads to a significant decrease of the portlandite content, increase in the number of new growths in form of low-calcium hydrosilicates and calcium hidrocarboalumosilicates, stabilization of ettringiteand calcium hydrocarbosilicates in amorphous phase, that significantly increases the compressive strength. This effect was amplified due to the additional alumina provided by calcined clay reaction.
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Krivenko, Pavel V., Myroslav Sanytsky, and Tetiana Kropyvnytska. "The Effect of Nanosilica on the Early Strength of Alkali-Activated Portland Composite Cements." Solid State Phenomena 296 (August 2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.296.21.
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Significant reduction of carbon footprint of the construction industry is achieved through the use of composite Portland cements. However, substitution levels of additives in the composite cements are limited due to slow strength development arising from low reactivity of the pozzolana compared to clinker phases especially at the early age. The aim of the study was to evaluate effect of nanosilica on formation of strength properties and structure at the early age. The Portland composite cement containing clinker, granulated blast furnace slag, zeolite tuff as natural pozzolana and limestone with additives of nanosilica, Na2SO4 and polycarboxylate ether was investigated. The results obtained with the help of PSD, XRD, DTA, TG and SEM techniques showed that addition into the cement paste of the nanosilica particles with high surface reactivity improved the composite cement microstructure and leaching of calcium became significantly lower, because nanosilica particles react with calcium hydroxide with the formation of a denser C-S-H gel at the early age of hardening.
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Larsen, Oksana, Marsel Nurtdinov, Viktoria Shvetsova, and Ekaterina Fomina. "Influence of expansive additive on formation of fresh polymer modified pastes." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823901023.
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Chemical admixtures are widely used in cement-based mixtures to reduce water demand, increase working time or accelerate strength development. The application of water-soluble polymers in building industry is increasing. The performance of cement mortars and concretes can be improved by the modification of their structure with additives of polymers. The use of polymers in cement-based compositions can decrease the intensity of hydration kinetic and increase the shrinkage deformation. Hardening of polymer-modified cement-based mixtures is associated with drying shrinkage which can significantly decrease crack resistance of cement concretes, especially in the case of polymer dispersions. The influence of polymer admixture with expansive additive on formation of cement-based pastes was investigated. Structure formation of fresh polymer modified cementitious mixtures with expansive additive was experimentally investigated by heat evolution behavior. Structure formation as a function of time and depends from initial mixture design properties such as water-cement ratio, polymer-cement ratio and content of expansive additive.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cement additives industry"
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Potgieter, Sanja Steyn. "The determination of major, minor and trace elements in cement and cement-related materials." 2002. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001453.
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D. Tech. ChemistryThe cement industry plays a major role in the world economy. Analytical techniques are central to its success. Many of the techniques currently in use, mainly wet classical methods, could be improved and optimized to increase economic benefits. The aim of this study was to identify and optimized selected analytical techniques. Four analytical methods were selected: the determination of available lime in lime, Cr(VI) in cement and cement-related materials, chloride in various cementitious materials as well as minor and trace elements in cement clinker and gypsum.
Books on the topic "Cement additives industry"
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Hayes, Teresa L., Anna Docktor, and Michael B. Richardson. Cement & concrete additives. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 2001.
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Hayes, Teresa L., and Paul N. Dean. Cement & concrete additives. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 1999.
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Hersch, Martin. Cement & concrete admixtures. Cleveland, Ohio: Freedonia Group, 1998.
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Breckling, John. U.S. markets for cement & ready mix concrete. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Leading Edge Reports, 1988.
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Hayes, Teresa L., Andrea Moehlenkamp, and Michael B. Richardson. Construction chemicals. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 2000.
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Hayes, Teresa L., and Margaret K. Strekal. Construction chemicals. Cleveland, Ohio: Freedonia Group, 1999.
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Babington, Mary F., Carol G. Bowman, Dawn J. Trebec, and Tonia Ferrell. Construction chemicals. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 2000.
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United Nations Centre for Human Settlements., ed. Endogenous capacity-building for the production of binding materials in the construction industry: Selected case studies. Nairobi: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1994.
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Endogenous capacity-building for the production of binding materials in the construction industry: Selected case studies. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1993.
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John, Breckling, Mullally Margaret L, Muniak Monica P, and Leading Edge Reports (Firm), eds. U.S. regional outlook for cement and ready mix concrete markets. Cleveland, Hts., OH: Leading Edge Reports, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cement additives industry"
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Wei, Yimeng, Areti Markopoulou, Yuanshuang Zhu, Eduardo Chamorro Martin, and Nikol Kirova. "Additive Manufacture of Cellulose Based Bio-Material on Architectural Scale." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 286–304. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_27.
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AbstractThere are severe environmental and ecological issues once we evaluate the architecture industry with LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), such as emission of CO2 caused by necessary high temperature for producing cement and significant amounts of Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) in deteriorated and obsolete buildings. One of the ways to solve these problems is Bio-Material. CELLULOSE and CHITON is the 1st and 2nd abundant substance in nature (Duro-Royo, J.: Aguahoja_Programmable Water-based Biocomposites for Digital Design and Fabrication across Scales. MIT, pp. 1–3 (2019)), which means significantly potential for architectural dimension production. Meanwhile, renewability and biodegradability make it more conducive to the current problem of construction pollution. The purpose of this study is to explore Cellulose Based Biomaterial and bring it into architectural scale additive manufacture that engages with performance in the material development, with respect to time of solidification and control of shrinkage, as well as offering mechanical strength. At present, the experiments have proved the possibility of developing a cellulose-chitosan- based composite into 3D-Printing Construction Material (Sanandiya, N.D., Vijay, Y., Dimopoulou, M., Dritsas, S., Fernandez, J.G.: Large-scale additive manufacturing with bioinspired cellulosic materials. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1–5 (2018)). Moreover, The research shows that the characteristics (Such as waterproof, bending, compression, tensile, transparency) of the composite can be enhanced by different additives (such as xanthan gum, paper fiber, flour), which means it can be customized into various architectural components based on Performance Directional Optimization. This solution has a positive effect on environmental impact reduction and is of great significance in putting the architectural construction industry into a more environment-friendly and smart state.
Conference papers on the topic "Cement additives industry"
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Kwatia, George, Mustafa Al Ramadan, Saeed Salehi, and Catalin Teodoriu. "Enhanced Cement Composition for Preventing Annular Gas Migration." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95589.
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Abstract Cementing operations in deepwater exhibit many challenges worldwide due to shallow flows. Cement sheath integrity and durability play key roles in the oil and gas industry, particularly during drilling and completion stages. Cement sealability serves in maintaining the well integrity by preventing fluid migration to surface and adjacent formations. Failure of cement to seal the annulus can lead to serious dilemmas that may result in loss of well integrity. Gas migration through cemented annulus has been a major issue in the oil and gas industry for decades. Anti-gas migration additives are usually mixed with the cement slurry to combat and prevent gas migration. In fact, these additives enhance and improve the cement sealability, bonding, and serve in preventing microannuli evolution. Cement sealability can be assessed and evaluated by their ability to seal and prevent any leakage through and around the cemented annulus. Few laboratory studies have been conducted to evaluate the sealability of oil well cement. In this study, a setup was built to simulate the gas migration through and around the cement. A series of experiments were conducted on these setups to examine the cement sealability of neat Class H cement and also to evaluate the effect of anti-gas migration additives on the cement sealability. Different additives were used in this setup such as microsilica, fly ash, nanomaterials and latex. Experiments conducted in this work revealed that the cement (without anti-gas migration additive) lack the ability to seal the annulus. Cement slurries prepared with latex improved the cement sealability and mitigated gas migration for a longer time compared to the other slurries. The cement slurry formulated with a commercial additive completely prevented gas migration and proved to be a gas tight. Also, it was found that slurries with short gas transit times have a decent potential to mitigate gas migration, and this depends on the additives used to prepare the cement slurry.
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Khandaker, M. P. H., Igor Ilik, and Timothy Teske. "Material Mismatch Effect on the Fracture of a Bone-Nanocomposite Interface." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13044.
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In every case where dissimilar materials are bonded together and undergo a subsequent change of dimension due to change of temperature, particle size and types, stresses develop at the interface due to mismatch of material properties. The magnitude of the stresses can be very large and may have a significant influence on the life of each material in the bonded construct. The potential application of nanocomposite cement in biomedical industry requires evaluating the material mismatch effects on the fracture toughness of bone-nanocomposite interfaces. Three point bend tests were conduct in this study on bovine femoral cortical bone and composite cements (Cobalt HV bone cement with 36 μm and 27 nm MgO additives) bonded specimen to measure the material mismatch effect on the interface fracture toughness. Experimental results found that particles size has significant influence on the interface fracture toughness of the bone-composite cements.
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K.R, Bindhu, Abiya B, Hasna Haneef, Jinu David, and Justin Mathew Joseph. "Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Coconut Shell and Fibre as Additives." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.39.
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Sustainability is a key in modern construction scenario. Even when the construction industry underwent a revolution in terms of equipment and materials used, the resultant impact on environment skyrocketed. This leads to the adoption of more sustainable approaches in construction like using coconut byproducts such as coconut fibre and shell as additives in concrete. Coconut fibre is abundantly available material which makes it a viable reinforcement material in concrete and the same goes for coconut shell which can be used as a partial replacement for conventional aggregate. This can further act as a new source of income for the coconut producers who get the benefit of the new demand generated by the construction industry. It is also an effective method of disposal of coconut husks and shells and thus reduces their negative impact on the environment. This project aims at studying the variation of strength of coconut fibre reinforced concrete (CFRC) with different percentages of coconut fibre (0.5%, 1%,1.5% and 2% by weight of cement), coconut shell aggregate concrete by replacing coarse aggregate with different percentages of coconut shell ( 15%, 30% and 45%) compared with that of conventional concrete. The optimum percentage of both fibres to be added and coconut shell to be used is determined by analyzing the strength aspects such as flexural, compressive and tensile strength. This project also includes the investigation on the mechanical properties of CFRC with coconut shell aggregate by incorporating coconut fibre and shell together in concrete matrix.
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Kimura, Ken-Ichi, Akira Hasegawa, Katsumi Hayashi, Mikio Uematsu, Tomohiro Ogata, Takao Tanosaki, Ryoetsu Yoshino, Mituru Sato, Minoru Saito, and Masaharu Kinno. "Development of Low-Activation Design Method for Reduction of Radioactive Waste Below Clearance Level." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48484.
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Design methodology for reinforced concrete of nuclear power plants to reduce radioactive wastes in decommission phase has been developed. To realize this purpose, (1) development of raw materials database of cements, aggregates and steel bars on concentration of radioactive target elements, (2) trial production of low activation cements and steel bars based on the material database developed in (1), and (3) development of tools for estimation and prediction of the amount of radioactive elements in reactor shielding walls have been carried out. Radioactive analysis showed that Co and Eu were the major target elements which decide the radioactivity level of reinforced concrete from wide survey of raw materials for concrete (typically aggregates and cements). Material database for the contents of Co and Eu was developed based on the chemical analysis and radioactivation analysis. Upon the above survey and execution expreiment of concrete, six types of low-activation concrete are proposed for various radioactive portion in the plant. These concrete have a 1/10 – 1/300 rasioactivity compare to the ordinary concrete, which are assumed the concrete with Andesite aggregate and ordinary Portland cement. Baed on the above data base, it was clarified that the low activation cement would be successfully manufactured by adequate selection of raw materials. The prospect to produce the low-heat portland cement which would have a 1/3 radioactivity in comparison with conventioanl cements obtained by means of selection of limestone and natural gypsum. An attempte was carried out to produece low activation heavy-mortar which would have radioactivity below the clearance level when using at the radiation shielding wall of BWR. Characterization and optimization of consturction conditions with new additives have also been carried out. These two new raw materials for low-activation concrete are conducted in pre-manufacture size, and over the laboratry level. Boron added low-activation concrete are also carried out as extreamly high performance low-activation concrete. It was claryfied that the accurcy of calculation results of the radioactivity evaluation was very high compared to available benchmark calculation for the JPDR and commercial light water reactor. The specification of the mapping system for judging the activation classification was also developed by using the general-purpose radio activation calculation tool. This work is supported by a grant-in-aid of Innovative and Viable Nuclear Technology (IVNET) development project of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan.
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Nafikova, Svetlana, Yulia Ramazanova, Alexander Muslimov, Ilshat Akhmetzianov, Bipin Jain, Alexander Kim, and Vasily Zvyagin. "Lessons Learned and Case Studies of Overcoming Sustained Casing Pressure in Extended-Reach Wells." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200792-ms.
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Abstract Achieving zonal isolation for the lifetime of oil and gas wells is crucial for well integrity. Poor zonal isolation can detrimentally affect well economics and increase safety-related risks because of pressure buildup with unpredictable consequences. Additional local regulations prohibiting production of a well with positive pressure in the annulus made sustained casing pressure a major challenge for operators in the North Caspian Sea. An innovative cost-effective solution was required to resolve this challenge. Historical well analysis proved that previously applied cementing approaches were ineffective. Several modifications were required to define the effective solution. Implemented changes included revision of the casing setting depth, optimization of the drilling fluids and spacer formulations, and implementation of the self-healing expanding cement. Carefully engineered placement of the self-healing cement system was the key to success. If cracks or microannuli occur and hydrocarbons reach the cement and flow through the cracks, the system has the capability to repair itself, thus restoring integrity of the cement sheath without external intervention. This technology has been used in 11 extended reach wells in two fields with excellent results. The collaborative approach with drilling engineers eliminated the challenging sustained casing pressure issue in two major offshore fields in North Caspian Sea. In addition to the existing cementing best practices available in industry for mud removal efficiency enhancement and successful cement placement, the newly implemented methodology included potential requirements for well trajectory adjustments, implementation of the real-time control during cementing job execution, engineered placement and optimization of the self-healing expanding cement system formulation, and a specifically developed "initially required" bleedoff schedule that allows acceleration of the self-remediation cement capability. The self-healing cement was designed with low Young's modulus for maximum flexibility. Expanding additives were also incorporated into the design to minimize the risk of set cement integrity failure due to microdebonding from bulk shrinkage after setting. Adherence to the mutually developed flowchart for the drilling and cementing stages improved the zonal isolation of the critical hydrocarbon zones in the extended reach wells and increased the success ratio of the wells with no pressure buildup from 30% to almost 100% within the last 5 years. As a result, the self-healing cement technology and developed approach, which is discussed in this paper, have become the standard for both fields for all future wells. The complex engineering approach described in this paper expands the existing best practices in the industry for zonal isolation improvement of the extended reach wells and provides a new effective solution for eliminating sustained casing pressure problems. The design strategy, execution, evaluation, and results for two sample wells are discussed in detail to help to guide future engineering and operational activities around the world.
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Abd Rahman, Siti Humairah, Anatoly Medvedev, Andrey Yakovlev, Yon Azwa Sazali, Bipin Jain, Norhasliza Hassan, and Cameron Thompson. "Development of New Geopolymer-Based System for Challenging Well Conditions." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21371-ms.
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Abstract With the development of new oil formations and with the advent of new directions in the global energy sector, new requirements for materials for well construction appear. With the close attention to environmental footprint and unique properties, one of the promising materials for well cementing is geopolymers. Being a relatively new material, they are characterized by low carbon footprint, high acid resistance and attractive mechanical properties. This article is aimed at developing new geopolymer slurries for the oil industry, their characterization and field implementation analysis. With the ultimate goal of developing a methodology for the analysis of raw materials and designing the geopolymer slurries, studies were carried out on various raw materials, including different types of fly ash. Based on the data obtained and rapid screening methods, an approach was developed to formulate a geopolymer composition recipe. Since not all cement additives directly work in geopolymers, special attention was paid to control the thickening time and fluid loss. The methods of XRD, XRF, ICP-MS, density, particle size distribution measurements as well as API methods of cement testing were used to understand the composition and structure of the materials obtained, their properties and design limitations. A special approach was applied to study the acid resistance of the materials obtained and to compare with conventional cements and slags. Using one of the most common sources of aluminosilicate, fly ash, formulations with a density of 13.5 – 16.5 lbm/galUS were tested. A sensitivity analysis showed that the type of activator and its composition play a critical role both in the mechanical properties of the final product and in the solidification time and rheological properties of the product. The use of several samples of fly ash, significantly different in composition, made it possible to formulate the basic rules for the design of geopolymers for the oil industry. An analysis was also carried out on 10 different agents for filtration and 7 moderators to find a working formulation for the temperature range up to 100°C. The samples were systematically examined for changes in composition, strength, and acid resistance was previously measured. Despite the emergence of examples of the use of geopolymers in the construction industry and examples of laboratory testing of geopolymers for the oil industry, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no evidence of pumping geopolymers into a well. Our work is an attempt to develop an adaptation of the construction industry knowledge to the unique high pressure, high temperature conditions of the oil and gas industry. The ambitions of this work go far beyond the laboratory tests and involve yard test experiments.
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Hains, Bryant T., Thomas E. Burch, Sushil H. Bhavnani, and Christian J. Brodbeck. "Exploration of Renewable Energy Usage in a Cement Kiln Using Downdraft Gasification of Poultry Litter." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54060.
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Waste biomass, most notably poultry litter, is a potential source of energy that is widely available and cheap, especially in the southeast. Using poultry litter as an energy source provides a year-round outlet for this waste product. One major energy user that currently utilizes alternative solid fuels is the cement industry. Poultry litter in its raw state, however, is limited in use because of its high chlorine content and relatively large concentration of other unwanted constituents. Downdraft biomass gasification of pelletized poultry litter is a proposed solution to this problem as a means to produce a clean, consistent product gas for injection into the kiln. In this study, this process has been analyzed through experimentation on a pilot-scale 65 Nm3/hr syngas production downdraft gasifier to determine its effectiveness and consistency in this application. The low ash fusion temperature and high alkali content of poultry litter prove to be difficult obstacles to overcome as ash clinker formation is an issue. Experiments with temperature depression via flue gas recirculation as well as experiments employing an additive (lime) to prevent fusion and aid in chlorine retention in the ash have been carried out. Flue gas recirculation allowed the reduction of the gasifier secondary air oxygen concentration by 40–45%, yielding an approximately 100°C depression in average temperature. Results have shown that the clinkering is temperature independent, at least within the controllable temperature range. Lime also has only a slight effect on the fusion when used to coat the pellets. However, lime addition does display some promise in regards to chlorine capture, as ash analyses show chlorine concentrations of more than four times greater in the lime infused ash as compared to raw poultry litter. Experiments were also conducted to explore the effectiveness of mixing lime with raw poultry litter, the object being to coat more surface area and have a more even mixture. These resulted in more consistent experiments with no ash clinkering.