Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cement plants - Nigeria - Management

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Cement plants - Nigeria - Management'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cement plants - Nigeria - Management"

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Odewale, Stephen A., Atilade A. Oladunni, and Babatunde O. Oyewale. "Chemical Characterization of Nine Locally Made Cement Products for Quality Assurance in Nigeria Cement Industry." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2008.

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Chemical characterization of Portland limestone cement products collected across the nine existing cement manufacturing plants in Nigeria was conducted using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (EDXRF) with the aim of determining conformity with global and local standards and investigating likely variation in quality resulting from differences in the sources of major raw materials, especially limestone used in production. The cement samples are composed essentially of CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, Na2O, K2O and SO3 while P2O5, MnO and TiO2 were present in trace amount. In addition to oxide compositions, the mineralogical components: Alite (C3S), Belite (C2S), Celite (C3A), and Ferrite (C4AF), and other cement quality control variables such as Lime Saturation Factor, Silica Modulus and Alumina Modulus of all the nine cement samples analyzed in this study are in agreement with the specifications for Portland limestone cement published by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and the British Standards Institution (BSI). The nine cement products also have their compositions in close proportion indicating none of the products is superior in quality irrespective of manufacturer or production site, a common misconception in the Nigerian cement market.
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Ulubeyli, Serdar. "Drivers of environmental performance of cement plants." Industrial Management & Data Systems 113, no. 8 (August 23, 2013): 1222–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-01-2013-0007.

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Oki, Abisola A., Bamidele Sunday Fakinle, and Jacob Ademola Sonibare. "Criteria air pollutants from cement production in Nigeria." Environmental Quality Management 28, no. 1 (September 2018): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21582.

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Eghianruwa, Kingsley, Olayinka Oridupa, and Adebowale Saba. "Medicinal Plants Used for Management of Hypertension in Nigeria." Annual Research & Review in Biology 11, no. 3 (January 10, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2016/29045.

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Etim, Mmemek-Abasi, Kunle Babaremu, Justin Lazarus, and David Omole. "Health Risk and Environmental Assessment of Cement Production in Nigeria." Atmosphere 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091111.

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The cement manufacturing industry has played a fundamental role in global economic development, but its production is a major facilitator to anthropogenic CO2 release and solid waste generation. Nigeria has the largest cement industry in West Africa, with an aggregate capacity of 58.9 million metric tonnes (MMT) per year. The Ministry for Mines and Steel Development asserts that the nation possesses total limestone deposits of around 2.3 trillion MT with 568 MMT standing as established reserves and 11 MMT used. Cement industries are largely responsible for releasing air pollutants and effluents into water bodies with apparent water quality deterioration over the years. Air pollution from lime and cement-producing plants is seen as a severe instigator of occupational health hazards and work-related life threats, negatively affecting crop yields, buildings, and persons residing in the vicinity of these industries. World Bank observed in 2015 that 94% of the Nigerian populace is susceptible to air pollutants that surpass WHO guidelines. In 2017, World Bank further reported that 49,100 premature deaths emanated from atmospheric PM2.5, with children beneath age 5 having the greatest vulnerability owing to lower respiratory infections, thereby representing approximately 60% of overall PM2.5-induced deaths. Cement manufacturing involves the significant production of SO2, NOx, and CO connected to adverse health effects on humans. Sensitive populations such as infants, the aged, and persons having underlying respiratory ailments like asthmatics, emphysema, or bronchitis are seen to be most affected. Consequently, in addressing this challenge, growing interests in enacting carbon capture, usage, and storage in the cement industry is expected to alleviate the negative environmental impact of cement production. Still, no carbon capture technology is yet to achieve commercialization in the cement industry. Nonetheless, huge advancement has been made in recent years with the advent of vital research in sorption-enhanced water gas shift, underground gasification combined cycle, ammonium hydroxide solution, and the microbial-induced synthesis of calcite for CO2 capture and storage, all considered sustainable and feasible in cement production.
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Oni,, P. I., S. O. Jimoh,, and L. A. Adebisi,. "Management of indigenous medicinal plants in Nigeria using phenological information." Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 8, no. 16 (April 18, 2014): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jmpr2013.5108.

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Sani, S. B., B. S. Aliyu, Musa Haruna, Sani Muhammad Yahya, Mardiyya Auwal Yakasai, Ya’u Sabo Ajingi, Ladan Wada Hayatu, and Hamisu Abba. "Local plants and diabetes management; folkloric practices in Metropolitan Kano, Nigeria." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.41s.

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An ethno botanical survey was carried out in Kano metropolis to investigate medicinal plants used locally for the treatment of diabetes in the area. The respondents for the study included herbalists and herb sellers. Oral interview was used to obtain information from the respondents using their local language and the information was recorded in a semi structured questionnaire. A total of 39 medicinal plant species belonging to 21 families were recorded in the study area. Family Fabaceae had the highest number of plant species and most of the plants were sourced from the wild. The plants were prepared mostly in their dried form and decoction was the most commonly used method of preparation. Moreover, combination of different plants or their parts in the preparation of the recipes for the treatment of diabetes was common among the respondents. Annisopus manii, Laptadenia hastata and Moringa oleifera were the most cited medicinal plants in the preparation of recipes for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the study area Keywords: Diabetes management, folkloric, medicinal, plants
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Chiyere B. C., Ikpa, Maduka Tochukwu O. D., Christian Ebere Enyoh, and Ikezu Uju J. M. "Potential Plants for Treatment and Management of COVID-19 in Nigeria." Academic Journal of Chemistry, no. 56 (June 25, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajc.56.69.80.

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The recent outburst of novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), now a global pandemic highlights an urgent need for therapeutics targeting ‘severe acute respiratory syndrome’ (SARS-CoV-2). In Nigeria, infection cases are on daily rise with death rate of ~3 %. Therefore, slowing the spread of the virus will significantly reduce the strain on the healthcare system and governments. Here, we presented local medicinal plants cultivated in Nigeria as possible therapeutic approaches, exclusively targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its pathways. The study focused on some plants containing bioactive compounds that showed promising results against previous coronaviruses. Potential plants identified include Zingiber officinale, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, echinacea, euphorbia hirta, Garcenea kola, Curcuma longa, Aleo vera and olea europaea. Although inhibition of viral replication is seen as the possible mechanism for antiviral activity of most of the natural compounds, recent research has shown that some natural compounds can interact with major viral proteins associated with virulence. Thereby, showing they could be a valuable tool for possible inhibition, management and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. However, further research is required to investigate and validate their potential use as anti-SARS-CoV-2.
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Li, Xinyi, Masaki Takaoka, Fenfen Zhu, Jiawei Wang, Kazuyuki Oshita, and Tadao Mizuno. "Environmental and economic assessment of municipal sewage sludge management – a case study in Beijing, China." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 7 (April 1, 2013): 1465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.688.

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A case study was conducted in Beijing to identify municipal sewage sludge (SS) management systems appropriate for a sound material-cycle society. The environmental and economic impacts of four realistic SS-handling scenarios were investigated: stabilization by thermal drying, increased inclusion of SS in cement manufacture, and using either dried or carbonized SS as substitute fuel for coal-fired power generation plants. The results showed that the current sludge management system had the lowest operating cost but higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and a low recycling rate. The case with the use of carbonized SS reused in coal-fired power plants had higher energy consumption and almost the same GHG emissions as the current system. On the other hand, the case including more SS in cement manufacture had the same level of energy consumption with much lower GHG emissions. The case with the use of dried SS in coal-fired power plants also resulted in lower energy consumption and lower GHG emissions than at present. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis showed that drying SS with surplus heat from cement plants used less energy and emitted less GHG compared to the other two drying methods.
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TAIWO, AKENROYE CHRISTOPHER, and ADEGBIE FOLAJIMI FESTUS. "FINANCIAL STRATEGY AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE GROWTH OF QUOTED CEMENT MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA." International Journal of Business Innovation and Research 1, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbir.2020.10038470.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cement plants - Nigeria - Management"

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Swanepoel, Jan Adriaan. "Modelling for integrated energy optimisation in cement production plants / J.A. Swanepoel." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9701.

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Cement production is an energy intensive process. In South Africa the cost of energy increased since 2006, while cement sales have dropped dramatically. It has become important to focus on methods to optimise energy consumption to achieve cost savings in the cement industry. Various methods of reducing production cost by improving energy efficiency are available, but require extended installation periods and high initial capital expenditure. Other methods such as operational optimisation can reduce production cost, but offer limited savings. The aim of this study is to integrate the optimisation of multiple component operations to improve savings and reduce interruption during implementation. Although integrated optimisation models have been developed, no literature could be found on the application of these models in the cement industry. This thesis reports on the development and implementation of an energy management system at four South African cement plants. The total electricity costs were reduced without installing costly infrastructure upgrades. The results summarise the success of the improved production planning. A conclusion regarding the feasibility of this implementation is compiled by comparing the savings achieved by the implementation of the energy management system to other energy saving methods. Recommendations are also made for further study and the implementation of the energy management system in similar industries.
Thesis (MIng (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Ezuruike, U. F. "Evaluation of herb-drug interactions in Nigeria with a focus on medicinal plants used in diabetes management." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1465961/.

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Studies have shown an increasing use of herbal medicines alongside conventional drugs by patients in their disease management especially for chronic diseases, with the attendant risks of herb-drug interactions. In order to forestall this, adequate information about the pharmacological and toxicological profile of herbal medicines and how these would in turn affect the bioavailability of the co-administered drug is required. To evaluate potential herb-drug interactions that could occur in diabetes management in Nigeria- (a) An assessment of available data on the pharmacological and toxicological effects of plants used in diabetes management was conducted as a means of mapping those with identified potential risks for herb-drug interactions; (b) A field work study was carried out in different localities in Nigeria to identify potential pharmacokinetic interactions based on the prescription drugs and herbal medicines co-administered by diabetic patients; and (c) Experimental analysis of plant samples collected during the field work was done to assess their effects on known cell detoxification mechanisms and pharmacokinetic parameters. The results of the research have confirmed the continued use of a wide range of medicinal plants in diabetes management, many of which have not been thoroughly investigated. In addition, 50% of diabetic patients visiting healthcare facilities in Nigeria routinely manage their diabetes or existing co-morbidities with herbal medicines alongside prescription drugs. Even more worrying is the frequent use of unlabeled herbal preparations which would constitute a huge challenge in the proper identification of herb-drug interactions when they occur. Based on previously available data and the experimental results of this research, a number of these herbal medicines have been identified as having overlapping interactions with prescription drugs. There is therefore a need for better regulation of herbal medicine use alongside pharmacovigilance monitoring in Nigeria in order to forestall the occurrence of clinically relevant untoward herb-drug interactions.
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Iguisi, Osarumwense V. "Cultural dynamics of African management practice." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2409.

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This research study looked at the cultural value preferences in Western management practice for African manager and non-manager employees exemplified by Nigerian cement industries. The study specifically focused on management practice of leadership, motivation, recruitment and promotion around which their cultural values, the meaning of their work-world and their coping strategies are structured. From management and culture theory perspectives, managerial practices are affected both by Western factors, such as education, money, challenging tasks, and by traditional factors, such as family, ethnicity, social connections etc. The theoretical bases for this study drew largely from three streams of literature. The first theoretical base for the study relates to traditional African environment of management, especially the cultural perspectives. The second drew largely from the theoretical discourse on culture, management and organisation perspectives. The mainstream schools of management discourse on management theories and models as proposed by Western management theorists represent the third stream. As a methodology, the study used a quantitative questionnaire survey and qualitative open-ended interviews to collect data on the manager and non-manager employees in the organisations. The quantitative questionnaires and open-ended interviews centered national dimensions of cultures and on these Western and traditional factors of: leadership styles, motivation, dedication, satisfaction, ethnicity, family and social connections. The survey confirms that the dimension of national cultures of Nigeria as measured by the work-values and desires of the employees population are somehow different from those obtained by Hofstede’s study for the West African Region. Nigeria is still more collectivistic, although at least Nigeria has become relatively more individualist since Hofstede’s study. Over the years between Hofstede’ IBM study and the present study, there has been no change in the difference in Power Distance. Power Distance is much higher in Nigeria, like elsewhere in Africa, and this is unlikely to change for the foreseeable future. The large Power Distance in Nigeria means that the ideal manager is benevolent paternalistic. On recruitment and promotion, one major point made is that the traditional factors are generally felt by the respondents as influencing employees’ recruitment and promotion more than the modern (intrinsic) factors. The employees however, generally felt that the modern (intrinsic) factors should or ought to have greater influence. Building on the premises that every society is unique and its trajectory is shaped by its unique historical events, cultural norms and values, it can be argued that since the history of Western management concept in Africa is short, Africa then has a unique opportunity to develop its own unique management values based on its unique traditions. However, the increasing globalisation of market economies suggests that management values in Nigeria in particular and Africa in general can hardly be realised without proactively contributing to the Western management concepts in its unique ways. As the intensity of interaction between Western management practices and African traditional values increases, we can anticipate the increase in the importance of a new form of management concepts and practices in various African countries. Based on others and this study, the study proposes a “management heterogeneity” concept that reflects this new and unique perspective. Management heterogeneity perspective endorses the view that the practice of leadership, motivation, recruitment and promotion are developed differently in different cultural societies and organisations. But it adopts a pragmatic position on the mounting social and economic challenges now facing African organisations and argues further that management techniques, skills and behaviours practiced in different cultures and organisations can be brought together in a positive synergistic blend to address the needs of a given society and organisation and improve its ability to deliver effective and relevant values to its actors. It is the ability to judiciously select and combine the Western and traditional values and practices into new practices that fit the managerial requirements of a given group of organisational members that provides management its competitive edge in a culturally dynamic management environment.
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Aniki, Abimbola Olorunsogo. "Identifying ways to improve logistics and supply-chain management in the cement industry in Nigeria." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12112.

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M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
Globally, Logistics and Supply Chains play important roles; and they contribute immensely to the economy of a nation. The purpose of this research is to investigate and how logistics and supply chains management were implemented in a cement factory in Nigeria. Through the investigation, it was confirmed that Cement Company based their logistical system only on a road-link transport system to deliver their product to their customers or end-users, whereas in today’s technology, there are many ways in which logistics can be implemented. Therefore, this research was conducted, in order to do investigate while other logistical systems have not been actively used. The resultant findings are going to be used to address the problem. According to the investigation, it was found that 73.3% of the questionnaire respondents still prefer to use the road-link logistical system. There is a railway infrastructure in place from one point to another. However, the rail system logistics cannot be implemented because the railway infrastructure is obsolete. A new infrastructure will have to be put in place; and this is going to be costly. Apart from addressing the issue, this research also identify some possible hazards that could arise from using a road logistical system alone, such as the wastage of products, when accidents take place. There needs to be an elimination or reduction in the traffic congestion along the highway. It is also necessary to reduce the environmental pollution. Furthermore, apart from the point mentioned above, other logistical systems could be cheaper, safer and easier to maintain, compared with the Road only. Strong collaboration with logistical and supply-chain professional expertise would be required, in order to have a modern logistical system for better results. Collaboration in the working environment plays a role, but involving expertise would make a strong contribution and be more effective.
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Krüger, Izak Daniël. "Identifying demand market participation opportunities available in cement plants / Izak Daniël Krüger." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11184.

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South African cement manufacturers are under financial pressure. Sales have declined due to the 2008 recession and electricity costs have tripled from 2005 to 2012. Electricity cost savings are therefore more important than ever. Unfortunately retrofitting highly energyefficient equipment is not ideal. These installations are costly and take a long time to implement. Alternative strategies that can produce quick results in reducing electricity costs are needed. One such alternative is a programme called Demand Market Participation (DMP). The DMP programme was implemented by Eskom, South Africa’s national electricity utility, to reduce electricity demand during supply shortages. This programme offers potential cost savings for clients with excess production capacity. Clients such as cement plants can switch off non-essential production equipment in Eskom’s peak demand periods for a financial incentive. To maximise the benefits for both the clients and Eskom, accurate electricity forecasting is needed, as are systems enabling a quick response to load reduction requests. In this study DMP opportunities on typical cement plants were identified. A DMP strategy to assist cement plants was developed to achieve maximum cost savings without influencing production, quality and safety. An existing energy management system (EnMS) was adapted to incorporate the new DMP participation strategy. The new EnMS and DMP strategy were implemented at a South African cement plant, resulting in savings of R220 000 per month. This translates into an annual cost-saving potential of R2-million for the plant, and an R13- million cost-saving potential for the total South African cement industry.
MIng (Mechanical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Books on the topic "Cement plants - Nigeria - Management"

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L, Abeln Douglas, and Portland Cement Association, eds. Detailed illustration of contingent management practices for cement kiln dust. Skokie, Ill: Portland Cement Association, 1993.

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India. Central Pollution Control Board., ed. Assessment of fugitive emissions & development of environmental guidelines for control of fugitive emissions in cement manufacturing industries. New Delhi: Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment & Forests, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cement plants - Nigeria - Management"

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Madsen, Henrik, Poul Thyregod, Florin Popentiu Vlădicescu, Grigore Albeanu, and Liviu Şerbănescu. "A Decision Support System for Pollution Control in Cement Plants." In Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management, 1784–89. London: Springer London, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-410-4_286.

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Ncube, Roselin, and Innocent Chirisa. "Female Entrepreneurship in Africa." In Handbook of Research on Women in Management and the Global Labor Market, 259–79. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9171-9.ch013.

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This chapter explores how female entrepreneurship is a growing phenomenon in Africa. Particularly, the chapter critically examines the use of the instrument of rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) in as far as it has influenced business growth and social mobility across the region. The implications are that, largely, it is an instrument that gives agency towards achieving gender parity at business and household levels, respectively. In trying to answer pertinent questions, the study engages country-based case studies. The countries used include Botswana, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Cameroon. These have been chosen because of their differential demographic, political economies, ideological, and religious foundations. Some have experienced serious and tectonic macro-economic challenges which may have worked to cement or to destroy efforts in building female entrepreneurship let alone the utility of ROSCAs as a tool towards business stability and wealth building.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cement plants - Nigeria - Management"

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Rieland, Andrew. "Burner management system design and application for cement plants." In 2016 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/citcon.2016.7742659.

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Oyerinde, Akeem Abolade. "Indigenous pesticidal plants: Status and future prospects in pest management in Nigeria." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.104846.

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Okabe, Hirofumi, Tatsuaki Sato, Yuichi Shoji, Yoshiko Haruguchi, Masaaki Kaneko, Michitaka Saso, and Masumitsu Toyohara. "Development of Cement Solidification Process for Sodium Borate Waste Generated From PWR Plants." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96324.

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A cement solidification process for treating sodium borate waste produced in pressurized water reactor (PWR) plants was studied. To obtain high volume reduction and high mechanical strength of the waste, simulated concentrated borate liquid waste with a sodium / boron (Na/B) mole ratio of 0.27 was dehydrated and powdered by using a wiped film evaporator. To investigate the effect of the Na/B mole ratio on the solidification process, a sodium tetraborate decahydrate reagent with a Na/B mole ratio of 0.5 was also used. Ordinary portland cement (OPC) and some additives were used for the solidificaiton. Solidified cement prepared from powdered waste with a Na/B mole ratio 0.24 and having a high sillica sand content (silica sand/cement>2) showed to improved uniaxial compressive strength.
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Oruwari, Humphrey Otombosoba. "Management of Nigerian Marginal Oil Fields for Economic Sustainability in Niger Delta Region." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207098-ms.

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Abstract The objective of the study was to examine the assertion that marginal oil field development remains one of the economic fortunes of Niger Delta region in Nigeria. This is evident with its shares in the region power output as well as its contribution to the industrialization. Multiple case studies of marginal oil field operations corroborate the relationship between marginal field development and economic fortunes of Niger Delta region. Marginal field firms provide electricity to the host communities where they operate. Also, industries are fed with natural gas from marginal field operating in the region. The marginal field operators ensures that host communities are getting electricity. Also cement factory is fed from natural gas operating in the area. However, the management of marginal field resources has been far from being optimally beneficial. The real issue is how to manage the marginal field for the welfare of the people. Against this background, the study findings suggested that the country marginal field wealth be used to implement people-oriented programmes for better welfare spread.
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Sánchez, J. E., J. A. Araiza, and M. N. Rojas-Valencia. "Analysis used for the installation of an IFMSW processing center for cement plants in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm160111.

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Dmitriev, S. A., A. P. Varlakov, O. A. Gorbunova, A. E. Arustamov, and A. S. Barinov. "Bonding Material Containing Ashes After Domestic Waste Incineration for Cementation of Radioactive Waste." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7295.

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It is known that cement minerals hydration is accompanied with heat emission. Heat of hardening influences formation of a cement compound structure and its properties. It is important to reduce the heat quantity at continuous cementation of waste and filling of compartments of a repository or containers by a cement grout. For reduction of heating, it is necessary to use cement of mineral additives (fuel ashes, slag and hydraulic silica). Properties of ashes after domestic waste incineration can be similar to ones of fly fuel ashes. However, ash after domestic waste incineration is toxic industrial waste as it contains toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb, Zn). Utilization of secondary waste (slag and ash) of combustion plants is an important environmental approach to solving cities’ issues. Results of the research have shown that ashes of combustion plants can be used for radioactive waste conditioning. Coprocessing of toxic and radioactive waste is ecologically and economically effective. At SIA “Radon”, experimental batches of cement compositions are used for cementation of oil containing waste.
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Plecas, Ilija, Slavko Dimovic, and Radojica Pesic. "Curing Time Effect on the Fraction of 137Cs From Immobilized Radioactive Evaporator Sludge by Portland Cement." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59006.

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Traditional methods of processing evaporator concentrates from Nuclear Power Plants are evaporation and cementation. These methods allow transforming a liquid radioactive waste into a more inert form, suitable for a final disposal. To assess the safety for disposal of radioactive mortar-waste composition, the leaching of 137Cs from immobilized radioactive evaporator concentrate into a surrounding fluid has been studied. Leaching tests were carried out in accordance with a method recommended by IAEA. Curing conditions and curing time prior to commencing the leaching test are critically important in leach studies since the extent of hydration of the cement materials determines how much hydration product develops and whether it is available to block the pore network, thereby reducing leaching. Incremental leaching rates Rn (cm/d) of 137Cs from evaporator concentrates after 1825 days were measured. The results presented in this paper are examples of results obtained in a 30-year concrete testing project which will influence the design of the engineer trenches system for future central Serbian radioactive waste storing center.
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Guppy, R. M., S. P. Vines, and S. J. Wisbey. "The Benefits of Cementitious Encapsulation Matrices for the Conditioning of Intermediate Level Waste." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4886.

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The UK has significant quantities of radioactive waste, which have arisen over the past fifty years or so, largely as a result of nuclear power, reprocessing and defence programmes. The intermediate level wastes arising as a result of these activities, exhibit a high level of physical and chemical diversity, and must be managed safely in a way that protects existing and future generations and the environment. Development work has been conducted since the early 1980s to identify suitable conditioning materials and techniques that are compatible with the needs of safe long-term management, including interim storage, transport and future deep geological disposal. From these studies cementation emerged as the one medium which could satisfy all the key waste management criteria. Other materials were not ruled out and may offer benefits in specific applications. The advantages of conditioning ILW with cement include: • the extensive experience of its use in a wide variety of contexts; • the raw materials are relatively cheap and have a long shelf life; • cement is processed in relatively simple plant at room temperature, with safety and cost benefits for plant operators; • the product is fire resistant and of relatively low toxicity; • cement is capable of immobilising a wide range of wastes ranging from solids to aqueous slurries; • cement provides desirable product properties. Desirable properties include: • suitable strength, • chemical control of radionuclide leading to enhanced retention, • good corrosion protection for steels, • low permeability, • tolerance to radiation, • durability over extended timescales, and • good radiation self-shielding properties. Several waste packaging plants are now operational in the UK using cement-based encapsulants. These are currently conditioning ILW for interim storage, in a manner suitable for future transport and compatible with the Nirex phased deep disposal concept. This paper will describe the development of cement-based encapsulants to meet the needs of UK radioactive wastes, and will provide examples of the supporting product quality data.
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Krava´rik, Kamil, Zuzana Holicka´, Anton Peka´r, and Milan Zˇatkula´k. "VUJE Experience With Cementation of Liquid and Wet Radioactive Waste." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40108.

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Liquid and wet LLW generated during operation as well as decommissioning of NPPs is treated with different methods and fixed in a suitable fixation matrix so that a final product meets required criteria for its disposal in a final repository. Cementation is an important process used for fixation of liquid and wet radioactive waste such as concentrate, spent resins and sludge. Active cement grout is also used for fixation of low level solid radioactive waste loaded in final packing containers. VUJE Inc. has been engaged in research of cementation for long. The laboratory for analyzing radioactive waste properties, prescription of cementation formulation and estimation of final cement product properties has been established. Experimental, semi-production cementation plant has been built to optimize operation parameters of cementation. VUJE experience with cementation of liquid and wet LLW is described in the presented paper. VUJE has assisted in commissioning of Jaslovske´ Bohunice Treatment Centre. Cement formulations for treatment of concentrate, spent resins and sludge have been developed. Research studies on the stability of a final concrete packaging container for disposal in repository have been performed. Gained experience has been further utilized for design and manufacture of several cementation plants for treatment of various liquid and wet LLW. Their main technological and technical parameters as well as characterization of treated waste are described in the paper. Applications include the Mochovce Final Treatment Centre, Movable Cementation Facility utilizing in-drum mixing for treatment of sludge, Cementation Facility for treatment of tritiated water in Latvia and Cementation Facility for fixation of liquid and solid institutional radioactive waste in Bulgaria, which utilizes lost stirrer mixer.
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10

Ishikura, Takeshi, and Daiichiro Oguri. "Utilization of Radioactive Waste for Solidifying Material to Fill Waste Forms." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1181.

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Abstract Minimizing the volume of radioactive waste generated during dismantling of nuclear power plants is a matter of great importance. In Japan waste forms buried in shallow burial disposal facility as low level radioactive waste (LLW) must be solidified by cement with adequate strength and must extend no harmful openings. The authors have developed an improved method to minimize radioactive waste volume by utilizing radioactive concrete and metal for mortar to fill openings in waste forms. Performance of a method to pre-place large sized metal or concrete waste and to fill mortar using small sized metal or concrete was tested. It was seen that the improved method substantially increases the filling ratio, thereby decreasing the numbers of waste containers.
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