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1

Kumar, A. Srujan, K. Naga Meenakshi, G. Venkata Narayana reddy, G. Raju, Ch Honey, and P. Anil Kumar reddy. "Development of New Composites Using Industrial by Products." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Management 10, no. 6 (2022): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2022.9.6.22.

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In this paper thesis describes an experimental investigation of magnesium based cement mortar which consists of fly ash, magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium Phosphate (MgPO4) and Phosphate tailings. This magnesia based cements are emerged as a viable alternative to Portland cement, with both technical and sustainability advantages. This study aims to use the mixture of cement, fly ash and magnesia. The major drawback of delayed setting time can be eliminated with the use of magnesia based cement. Hence, in this study different admixtures such as magnesium oxide, magnesium phosphate, phosphate tai
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2

Zhu, Tongren, Maria Juenger, O. Burkan Isgor, and Lynn Katz. "Methods of incorporation of new reaction products in thermodynamic databases of cementitious systems." RILEM Technical Letters 7 (January 31, 2023): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2022.166.

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Strategic blending of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) into ordinary portland cement (OPC) helps reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from concrete production. Expanding thermodynamic databases to include new reaction products from blended cements improves computational approaches used to understand the impact of blending SCMs with cement. Determination of thermodynamic parameters of cement reaction products based on temperature-dependent solubility is widely used in cement research; however, assumptions, limitations, and potential errors due to intercorrelation of the the
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3

Wang, Guoling, Xiaofei Huang, Yufeng Wu, Qian Zhang, Suhua Ma, and Weifeng Li. "Hydration and Properties of Cement in the Belite-Ye′elimite-Ternesite System." Materials 15, no. 8 (2022): 2792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082792.

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Energy consumption and carbon emissions are lower in the production of belite-ye′elimite-ternesite (C2S-C4A3$-C5S2$, BYT) clinker than Portland cement (PC) clinker. BYT cement can combine the early strength of CSA cements and the durability of belite cements. X-ray diffraction, mercury intrusion porosimetry, isothermal conduction calorimetry and scanning electron microscope were conducted to investigate the hydration process of BYT cement. The hydration products of BYT cement include mainly ettringite, strätlingite and some amorphous AH3 (aluminum hydroxide). Ternesite did prove an early react
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Supriya, J., and Ashwin Raut. "Performance Parameter Analysis of Magnesia Based Cement Products – A Review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1197, no. 1 (2021): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1197/1/012078.

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Abstract Magnesium oxide (MgO) based cements finds its way active in current researches where diverse range of applications and characteristics such as production process, reactivity and physical properties are essentially focus with the perception of individual expansion objectives. In general, relativity between distinctive MgO characteristics is examined in conjunction with the impact of MgO embodiment on the resources of cementitious materials is further considered. MgO is a key to develop the construction industry thereby mechanical strength and durability performance of cement paste, adh
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Ma, Bao Guo, Jing Ran Wang, and Xiang Guo Li. "Effect of Heavy Metals and Leaching Toxicity of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1080.

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Solidification / stabilization (S/S) is a popular method for treating solid wastes containing heavy metals. In recent years, it shows positive results of magnesium potassium phosphate cement as stabilizing agent. In the work, the influence of heavy metal Cu、Zn and Pb on magnesium phosphate cement and the leaching behavior of magnesium phosphate cement were studied. Two proportions of cements were employed with hard burned magnesia and potassium phosphate. The hydration products were analyzed by XRD showing that: Cu、Zn and Pb would not take on obvious effect during magnesium phosphate cement hyd
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6

Duraisamy, Vijayakumar, Gopinath Athira, Abdulsalam Bahurudeen, and Prakash Nanthagopalan. "Composite cements: synergistic effects of particle packing and pozzolanicity." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 175, no. 1 (2022): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jensu.21.00076.

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The production of cement is a carbon dioxide-intensive process. Replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with industrial by-products can bring down the carbon footprint associated with cement production. Various industrial residues are currently used as alternative cementitious materials in this regard. However, developing a low carbon dioxide composite cement with different pozzolans alters the packing density, which influences its properties. Although studies have been conducted on the use of fly ash and slag at lower cement replacement levels, studies on the packing density and strength of
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Ivanova, Irina, Andrey Pustovgar, Aleksey Eremin, and Aleksey Adamtsevich. "Special Aspects of Hydration Process of Microfine Cement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.578.

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The aim of the present research was to determine special features of hydration process of two commercial microfine cements compared to CEM I 42.5N cement with similar mineralogical composition. The influence of cement fineness and composition on the hydration process was investigated by isothermal calorimetry of cement pastes and quantitative X-ray powder diffraction of hydration products at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days.
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8

Kovalchuk, Oleksandr, Valentina Grabovchak, and Yaroslav Govdun. "Alkali activated cements mix design for concretes application in high corrosive conditions." MATEC Web of Conferences 230 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823003007.

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This paper covers the results of development of corrosion resistant ash alkali-activated cements based on regulation of phase composition of the hydration products through changing the alkali content, content of calciumcontaining cement constituents resulting in the increase strength and density of the cement stone. The results of study suggested to conclude that the cement compositions with predominance in the hydration products of weakly soluble low basic hydrosilicates of calcium, hydrogarnets and minerals similar to natural hydroaluminates exhibited the highest corrosion resistance. The re
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9

Scrivener, Karen L., and Ruben Snellings. "The Rise of Portland Cements." Elements 18, no. 5 (2022): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.18.5.308.

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This chapter tells the story of Portland cement, from its invention in the 19th century until its present-day hegemony as the number one manufactured mineral product. The success story of Portland cement is rooted in the unique combination of the abundance of its raw materials, the reactivity of the high-temperature clinker product toward water, and the properties of the calcium silicate and aluminate hydration products. Further development of Portland cements today mainly addresses the formidable challenge of reducing process CO2 emissions. Options include partial replacement of clinker by lo
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10

Sanytsky, Myroslav, Tetiana Kropyvnytska, and Roman Kotiv. "Modified Plasters for Restoration and Finishing Works." Advanced Materials Research 923 (April 2014): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.923.42.

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The paper is devoted to the research and development of modified plasters for restoration and finishing works based on decorative multicomponent cements containing white Portland cement and supplementary cementitious materials (silica fume, metakaolin and fine ground limestone). This cements are similar to Roman cement by their chemical composition. The use of optimal granulometry of decorative multicomponent cements provide directed formation of microstructure of the cement matrix with the formation of stable hydration products. Compositions of modified plasters by the criterions of workabili
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11

Wang, Hong Tao, Ming Xue, and Ju Hui Cao. "Research on the Durability of Magnesium Phosphate Cement." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1864.

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The Magnesium phosphate cement was prepared from MgO and NH4H2PO4. The changes of the strength, appearance and hydration products of the magnesium phosphate cement were investigated, which are soaked in sulfuric acid solution, sodium hydroxide solution, sodium sulfate solution and magnesium sulfate solution. Besides, the impermeability and salt frost resistance of magnesium phosphate cement were analyzed. The results show that magnesium phosphate cement has good resistance to sulfate erosion, especially the anti-corrosion ability of magnesium sulfate. However the alkali resistance of the magne
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Schmidt, Wolfram, Inès L. Tchetgnia Ngassam, Gerhard Breitschaft, and Stephen Virchow. "Challenges of the growing African cement market – environmental issues, regulative framework, and quality infrastructure requirements." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814901014.

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The African cement, concrete and construction business is growing at rapid pace. The cement sales are expected to grow rapidly until 2050. The number of newly built cement plants increases dramatically and in addition more cements are being imported from outside the continent, e.g. from Turkey, Pakistan, Indonesia, and China, driven by overcapacities in the countries of origin. This causes a high number of potentials and challenges at the same time. Newly built cement plants can operate directly at best technological state of the art and thus incorporate more sustainable technologies as well a
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Maail, Rohny Setiawan, Dede Hermawan, and Yusuf Sudo Hadi. "PAPAN SEMEN-GYPSUM DARI CORE-KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI PENGERASAN AUTOCLAVE." PERENNIAL 2, no. 2 (2006): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v2i2.156.

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Cement and gypsum bonded cellulosic fiber reinforced materials are ultimately ideal ecological building products. Their capability to use industrial coproducts and wastes as both their matrix material make its reinforcement also environmentally sustainable products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of proportion cement-gypsum and curing autoclave time on the properties of cement gypsum board from core-kenaf. Three levels of proportion cement and gypsum were applied, namely; 40:60, 50:50, and 60:40, where cements contain at face-back layers and gypsum contain at core layer
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14

Lutfullaeva, Nargiza, Elmurod Egamberdiev, Yorqinjon Ergashev, et al. "Physico-chemical research of the processes of hydration of cements." E3S Web of Conferences 497 (2024): 02034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449702034.

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The activating effect of phosphoanhydrite on cement hydration is strongly supported by the results obtained from various physico-chemical analyses, including IR spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis, and differential thermal analysis. IR spectroscopy revealed significant differences in the hydration products of cement with and without phosphoanhydrite. The presence of phosphoanhydrite led to distinct absorption bands in the IR spectra, indicating a higher concentration of Portland cement hydrate compounds and calcium the activated cement. This observation suggests that hydrosilicates in phosphoan
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15

Yagüe, Santiago, Cristina González Gaya, Victor Rosales Prieto, and Alberto Sánchez Lite. "Sustainable Ecocements: Chemical and Morphological Analysis of Granite Sawdust Waste as Pozzolan Material." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 4941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214941.

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The processes focused on stone cutting generate a large volume of waste. Small size waste, silt/clay, is not used and goes to landfill. However, the composition of these wastes makes them useful for adding to cements and for use in construction. In the present paper, 10% Ordinary Portland cement is replaced by 10% waste from granite sawmill, which is studied to obtain sustainable ecological cement. This replacement provides advantages from the morphological and chemical point of view at the cements. The waste has a particle size that does not exceed 15 µm and that when replacing in the cement,
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16

Rust, David, Robert Rathbone, Kamyar C. Mahboub, and Tom Robl. "Formulating Low-Energy Cement Products." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 24, no. 9 (2012): 1125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000456.

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17

Coutts, R. S. P. "Wastepaper fibres in cement products." International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete 11, no. 3 (1989): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0262-5075(89)90085-7.

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18

Akers, S. A. S. "Cracking in fibre cement products." Construction and Building Materials 24, no. 2 (2010): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.08.016.

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19

Namsone, Elvija, Genadijs Sahmenko, and Aleksandrs Korjakins. "Properties of Magnesium Oxychloride and Magnesium Oxysulphate Cement Composites." Key Engineering Materials 903 (November 10, 2021): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.903.208.

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Increasing energy consumption is forcing the building sector to seek and use building materials and products that would be environmentally friendly. As one such material should be noted magnesium based cements, which production requires much lower calcination temperature than the traditional Portland cement. During the experimental research part of this work, two types of magnesia cement were produced (using magnesium chloride and magnesium sulphate brine solutions) and physical, mechanical properties of obtained cement composites were determined.
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20

Kirilovica, Inta, and Viktorija Sučevana. "Processing of Dolomitic By-Products into Porous Restoration Binder." Key Engineering Materials 788 (November 2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.788.23.

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The goal of this work concerns the synthesis of a binder for restoration purposes that is physically and chemically compatible with dolomitic Roman cement, a historical binder used for the construction of significant architectural heritage objects in the 19th and 20th centuries. Dolomitic marlstone, the traditional raw material of dolomitic Roman cement, is not being obtained anymore and it is also hard to achieve a constant chemical composition. To address these issues, the experimental synthesis of a low temperature hydraulic binder using locally sourced raw materials, namely dolomite flour
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21

YUASA, Norihito, Kazuyoshi OHNO, Junichi KIMURA, and Etsuo SAKAI. "DURABILITY IMPROVEMENT OF PRECAST CONCRETE PRODUCTS." Cement Science and Concrete Technology 70, no. 1 (2016): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14250/cement.70.450.

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22

du Toit, Grizelda, Elizabet M. van der Merwe, Richard A. Kruger, James M. McDonald, and Elsabé P. Kearsley. "Characterisation of the Hydration Products of a Chemically and Mechanically Activated High Coal Fly Ash Hybrid Cement." Minerals 12, no. 2 (2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12020157.

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Cement companies are significant contributors of the planet’s anthropogenic CO2 emissions. With increased awareness of the substantial volume of CO2 emissions from cement production, a variety of mitigation strategies are being considered and pursued globally. Hybrid cements are deemed to be technologically viable materials for contemporary construction. They require less clinker than that for ordinary Portland cement, leading to a decrease in CO2 emissions per tonne of hybrid cement manufactured. The hybrids produced in this study consist of 70% siliceous coal fly ash and 30% Portland cement,
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Ekincioglu, Ozgur, M. Hulusi Ozkul, Yoshihiko Ohama, Silvia Patachia, and Georgeta Moise. "Effect of Epoxy Resin Addition on the Moisture Sensitivity of Macro Defect Free Polymer-Cement Composites." Key Engineering Materials 466 (January 2011): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.466.65.

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Macro-defect-free (MDF) cements are cement-polymer composites and were developed by Birchall et al. three decades ago. The composites are produced by mixing small amounts of polymer and water with cement. However, they have a different production method than that of cement pastes, which was inspired by rubber production. Mixtures of cement, polymer and water are processed by using a two-roll mill. The composites are known with their high flexural strengths. Unfortunately, there are not any known commercial products using MDF cements because of their poor durability under moisture. In this stud
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Brachaczek, Wacław. "Modifying Stucco Mortars with Additions of Sulphoaluminate Cement and Aluminate Cement." Solid State Phenomena 276 (June 2018): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.276.198.

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Stucco products due to the specific nature should be characterized by a short time of the beginning and end of setting, low shrinkage, good adhesion to the substrates and workability at running. The type of cement used has a significant influence on this parameter. The change in the physical properties of stucco mortars in which Portland cement was gradually replaced with AliCem sulphoaluminate cement and Górkal 70 aluminate cement. For this purpose, two sets of samples were prepared, in the first set the percentage of Górkal 70 cement in relation to the entire cement was 15, 20, 25, 30 and
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Reddy, Kamasani Chiranjeevi, Nahom S. Melaku, and Solmoi Park. "Thermodynamic Modeling Study of Carbonation of Portland Cement." Materials 15, no. 14 (2022): 5060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15145060.

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The assessment of the extent of carbonation and related phase changes is important for the evaluation of the durability aspects of concrete. The phase assemblage of Portland cements with different clinker compositions is evaluated using thermodynamic calculations. Four different compositions of cements, as specified by ASTM cements types I to IV, are considered in this study. Calcite, zeolites, and gypsum were identified as carbonation products. CO2 content required for full carbonation had a direct relationship with the initial volume of phases. The CO2 required for portlandite determined the
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Kapustin, F. L., A. A. Ponomarenko, and V. N. Oleinik. "Sulfoaluminate Cements Composition and Properties." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 734–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.734.

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The chemical and mineral composition, physico-mechanical properties of sulfoaluminate cements of various classes of strength manufactured in China which are used in Russia to build and repair buildings and structures have been considered. It is shown that the sample sulfoaluminate cement depending on the strength class differ not only in chemical and mineral compositions, but also in their hydrophysical properties, kinetics of dissipation and hardening of cement, and hydration products. It is established that with the increasing strength class of the cement content it has calcium increases, th
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Dutron, P. "European (EN) and World (ISO) Standards—Comparison with ASTM Standards." Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates 15, no. 2 (1993): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/cca10601j.

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Abstract The issue of a European Community directive aimed at removing trade barriers to a variety of products, among them cement, led to the setting up of CEN/TC 51 as well as the preparation of a series of standards (EN 196) concerning test methods. These were adopted by CEN and later by ISO and are compared to ASTM standards. The release in 1988 of a further European directive dealing specifically with construction products required a new approach from CEN/TC 51's work towards cement definition, composition, specifications, and conformity criteria. The contents of the prestandard ENV 197-1
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Liu, Xiao Ming, Yu Li, Ling Ling Zhang, and Da Qing Cang. "Utilization of CFB Fly Ash in Eco-Cement: Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.885.

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The disposal of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) fly ash has been a serious environmental problem in the development of our society. In this work, the feasibility of recycling CFB fly ash as a blended material incorporating blast furnace slag (BFS), clinker and gypsum for the preparation of Eco-cement has been investigated. The mechanical properties of CFB fly ash based Eco-cements, including CFB fly ash–clinker system, CFB fly ash–ground BFS system, and CFB fly ash–ground BFS–clinker system, were evaluated in this paper. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques
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Dunuweera, S. P., and R. M. G. Rajapakse. "Cement Types, Composition, Uses and Advantages of Nanocement, Environmental Impact on Cement Production, and Possible Solutions." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4158682.

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We first discuss cement production and special nomenclature used by cement industrialists in expressing the composition of their cement products. We reveal different types of cement products, their compositions, properties, and typical uses. Wherever possible, we tend to give reasons as to why a particular cement type is more suitable for a given purpose than other types. Cement manufacturing processes are associated with emissions of large quantities of greenhouse gases and environmental pollutants. We give below quantitative and qualitative analyses of environmental impact of cement manufact
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Tawil, Bill, and Lim Bee-Ling. "Hydroxyapatite bone cement: an in-depth analysis of the process, recent developments, and future considerations." Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering 11, no. 5 (2024): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2024.11.00370.

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Bone cements are used for numerous orthopedic surgeries and other medical procedures. These cements help hold implants in place and provide structural integrity and fill void spaces to enhance the success of implant operations. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the most used types of bone cement with global sales in the hundreds of millions of dollars and a strong expected growth over the next decade as new clinical uses for bone cement are pursued and the products themselves are further developed to mitigate drawbacks to its use.
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Marangu, Joseph Mwiti, Joseph Karanja Thiong’o, and Jackson Muthengia Wachira. "Review of Carbonation Resistance in Hydrated Cement Based Materials." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8489671.

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Blended cements are preferred to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in construction industry due to costs and technological and environmental benefits associated with them. Prevalence of significant quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere due to increased industrial emission is deleterious to hydrated cement materials due to carbonation. Recent research has shown that blended cements are more susceptible to degradation due to carbonation than OPC. The ingress of CO2 within the porous mortar matrix is a diffusion controlled process. Subsequent chemical reaction between CO2 and cement h
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Medina, José M., María Isabel Sánchez de Rojas, Isabel F. Sáez del Bosque, Moisés Frías, and César Medina. "Sulfate Resistance in Cements Bearing Bottom Ash from Biomass-Fired Electric Power Plants." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (2020): 8982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248982.

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To address some of the gaps in the present understanding of the behavior of new supplementary cementitious materials such as bottom ash (BA) from biomass-fired electric power plants in cement manufacture, this study explored the effect of this promising material on the sulfate resistance of the end product. Cement paste prepared with 10% or 20% (previously characterized for mineralogy and chemical composition) BA was Köch–Steinegger tested for sulfate resistance. The hydration products, in turn, were analyzed before and after soaking the reference and experimental cements in sodium sulfate to
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Sobol, Khrystyna, Taras Markiv, Volodymyr Terlyha, and Wojciech Franus. "Peculiarities of hydration processes of cements containing natural zeolite." Budownictwo i Architektura 14, no. 1 (2015): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1674.

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In this study, properties and peculiarities of hydration processes as well as paste microstructure of blended cements containing 10% by weight of natural zeolite were investigated. Free calcium hydroxide content, crystalline hydration products and microstructural architecture of hydrated cement pastes were examined by physical and chemical methods. It was found that the addition of natural zeolite provides formation of an extra amount of fine crystalline ettringite and tobermorite-like calcium hydrosilicates of CSH (B) type in the mineral non-clinker part of Portland cement resulting in streng
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Tita Gemilang, Sangayu Ketut Laksemi Nilotama, and Ahadiat Joedawinata. "UPCYCLE PENGEMBANGAN LIMBAH KANTONG SEMEN MENJADI PRODUK FASHION TAS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK PEWARNAAN SUMINAGASHI." Jurnal Seni dan Reka Rancang: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Desain 7, no. 3 (2024): 389–404. https://doi.org/10.25105/jsrr.v7i3.21020.

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Upcycling is a part of the broader concept of Sustainable Development. Based on statistical data from Asosiasi Semen Indonesia (ASI), the growth of cement production capacity in the last ±5 years from 2020 to 2024 (may) has increased. Judging from the increase in cement production, more cement bag waste will be generated. This research aims to develop environmentally friendly material products with sustainable ideas that optimize the characteristics of cement bag paper waste to have functional and economic value. The product produced is a fashion item, specifically a bag. This research uses a
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Yao, Wu, Yu Kun Yang, and Meng Xue Wu. "Greenhouse Effect Reduction through Sustainable Magnesium Oxide Eco-Cement Products." Key Engineering Materials 680 (February 2016): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.680.472.

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Portland cement production leads to significant carbon dioxide emission and greenhouse effect. Magnesium oxide eco-cement, which is a mixture of Portland cement, magnesium oxide and fly ash, may be an alternative production. In this paper, the issue is focused on the carbon dioxide absorption ability and mechanical performance of this eco-cement. Several mix proportions of eco-cement were designed to conduct forced carbonation, strength and expansion tests. Also, microstructure analysis after carbonation was conducted. The results indicate that magnesium oxide eco-cement can efficiently absorb
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Ding, Yihang, Zhongyang Mao, Yu Wang, Min Deng, and Mingshu Tang. "Micro-Change Process of Calcium–Magnesium Double Expansive Agent and Its Performance Characterization in Cement-Based Materials." Materials 14, no. 12 (2021): 3269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123269.

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With the increase of cement output, the demand for cement expansion agents increases, and composite expansion agents have become the development trend. The purpose of this study is to study the microscopic change process and expansion effect of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide double expansion agents. After calcination at different temperatures, the change process of microscopic morphology of calcined products was observed. Through calcining dolomite at 900 °C, the mixture D900 of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide was obtained. To prepare mixed cement, 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 30 wt % of D900 we
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Bondarenko, N., D. Bondarenko, and E. Evtushenko. "STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL INTERACTION OF GLASS FIBER WITH CEMENT HYDRATION PRODUCTS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 5, no. 12 (2021): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-12-119-125.

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Reinforcement of concrete with fiberglass improves the performance properties of concrete. The object of the study is fiberglass concrete, where Portland cement or alumina cement is used as a binder, and silica fiberglass is used as a filler. The chemical and phase compositions of Portland cement and alumina cement have been studied. The influence of the products of hydration of Portland cement and alumina cement on the chemical resistance of glass fiber has been investigated. The phase composition of Portland cement and alumina cement after hydration is studied using X-ray phase analysis. It
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Julio, Mateo-Santiago, Flores-Becerra Pedro, I. Anchondo Perez Jose, C. Galindo-Lopez Ruth, J. Suarez-Dominguez Edgardo, and A. Montalvo-Rivero Evangelina. "Effect of Aloe Vera Dosed in Cement-Sand Mortar Crystallization and Energy Reducing." International Journal of Applied Engineering & Technology 4, no. 2 (2022): 119–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7413180.

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The cement industry consumes large amounts of energy to produce products, which also implies emissions, which can be partially mitigated with rational and efficient use. Products or mixtures with cement are widely used in the construction industry and for the elaboration of various structural elements, masonry, and coatings. The reaction process between cement and sand is well known and cement has been considered to produce maximum compressive strength of the mixtures where it is used due to the crystallization process. Cement-sand mixtures were made to which nopal extract was dosed, subsequen
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39

Xia, Chunlei, Qianping Ran, Xiongfei Zhang, and Xiaorong Wang. "Compression Dewatering Forming: A Rheology-Driven Approach to Produce Complex-Shaped Prefabricated Cement Products." Materials 18, no. 7 (2025): 1607. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071607.

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With the development of prefabricated buildings, complex-shaped cement products, represented by heating-type elevated floors, have appeared on the market. These cement products can only be produced by the pouring method, with low efficiency and poor precision. Among the existing processing methods for preparing cement products, compression dewatering offers the greatest ability to produce cement products with complex shapes. However, the pressed mixing material comprises a plastic fresh mortar, which inherently lacks fluidity, making it difficult to completely fill the cavity of the shaped mol
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40

Sobolev, Konstantin. "Sustainable Development of the Cement Industry and Blended Cements to Meet Ecological Challenges." Scientific World JOURNAL 3 (2003): 308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2003.23.

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The world production of cement has greatly increased in the past 10 years. This trend is the most significant factor affecting technological development and the updating of manufacturing facilities in the cement industry. Existing technology for the production of cement clinker is ecologically damaging; it consumes much energy and natural resources and also emits pollutants. A new approach to the production of blended or high-volume mineral additive (HVMA) cement helps to improve its ecological compatibility. HVMA cement technology is based on the intergrinding of portland cement clinker, gyps
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41

Chihaoui, Ramdane, Hamid Khelafi, and Mohamed Mouli. "The Effect of Natural Pozzolan on Sulfate Resisting Cement Exposed to Sodium Sulfate Attack for Attaining Sustainable Building Material." Key Engineering Materials 650 (July 2015): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.650.122.

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This paper investigates the sulfate resistance of blended cements produced by replacing 10, 20, and 30% of sulfate resisting cement (SRC) with Algerian natural pozzolan. Ordinary and blended cement mortar specimens were cast and immersed in a 5% sodium sulfate solution for 3 years. The sulfate resistance of mortars was evaluated by visual examination, compressive strength, mass change and diffraction (XRD), which was used to identify the degradation products formed by sulfate attack.The test results demonstrated that the sulfate resisting cement incorporating 10% of natural pozzolan was less s
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42

Ke, Chang Jun, Hao Wang, and Tao Ke. "Activation Mechanism of Cement Paste for Waste Concrete Autoclaved Products." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.949.

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studied types and amount of hydration products in cement paste in waste concretes and effect of the cement paste in waste concrete for compressive strength of autoclaved waste concrete samples simulated by hydrated cement with X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). The results showed, compressive strength of autoclaved waste concrete products increased with cement paste in waste concrete increasing, and the effect reduced obviously when amount of cement paste exceed 12.5% in waste concrete. Cement paste calculated amount exceeds 12.5% accord
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43

Hidalgo, A., C. Alonso, M. A. Sanjuán, E. Guede, and C. Andrade. "Leaching studies on cement-based products." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials 159, no. 2 (2006): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/coma.2006.159.2.85.

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44

Ponnambalam, Nirmal, Chinnaraju K, and Chithra S. "The hydration behaviour of blended cements incorporating sugarcane bagasse ash and limestone." Cement Wapno Beton 29, no. 4 (2025): 285–301. https://doi.org/10.32047/cwb.2024.29.4.3.

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The utilization of supplementary cementitious material [SCMs] as a partial substitution of cement is one of the most effective way to lower carbon-dioxide emissions in the cement production. Although previous research on the use of sugarcane bagasse ash [SBA] and limestone as SCMs as a partial substitution of cement has been reported. However, there is little research on their combined use in cement. The impact of SBA and limestone on the hardening and hydration property in blended cements were examined by testing properties of fresh and hardened mortars supplemented with TGA and XRD analysis.
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Demina, O. I. "Interaction of Portland cement hydration products with complex chemical additives containing fiberglass in moisture-proof cement compositions." Functional materials 24, no. 3 (2017): 005–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm24.03.415.

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46

Orlovskyi, V. "Heavy cement materials." Мінеральні ресурси України, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31996/mru.2020.1.48-51.

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Emphasis is placed on the urgency of the problem of creating cementitious materials and solutions of high density.
 The analysis of scientific sources in the field of development and research of modified cement materials with high density is carried out. The application of different types of weighting impurities to well cements is considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the weighting impurities that are used in the modification of well cements are shown. The technological schemes of the most widespread ways of creation of the weighted cement materials are resulted.
 The assor
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Krivenko, Pavel Vasiljevich, Grygorii Viktorovich Vozniuk, Anastasia Maksimovna Goncharova, and Elena Sergeevna Kavalerova. "Shrinkage-Compensating Alkali Activated Slag Cement Mortars for Crack Repair and Joint Grouting in Concretes." Advanced Materials Research 923 (April 2014): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.923.134.

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Physico-chemical processes of hardening of a cement stone are accompanied with shrinkage is known to result in crack formation, loss of concrete structure integrity and finally, to shorter service life. These drawbacks make problems in using traditional portland cement based mortars for joint grouting and crack repair in concretes. Known-in-the-art solutions based on calcium aluminate cements are also not efficient due to high cost and instability of cement stone hydration products over time in various service conditions. Shrinkage-compensating alkali activated slag cement mortars are proposed
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Liu, Jun, Yun Zhang, Run Qing Liu, Fang Zhi Lin, and Zi Yan Huang. "Effect of Temperature on Hydration Performance of Portland Cement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 328 (June 2013): 863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.328.863.

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The mechanical strength change trend of Portland cement at different temperatures (+5°C, 0°C,-5°C,-10°C) was researched, and hydration performance and slurry structure of Portland cement was studied. Results showed that hydration process of Portland cement didn't vary with the lowering of curing temperature, but each stage of hydration time extended. The temperature decrease prolonged formation time of hydration products, making the early microstructure to loose, produces more pores, and causes the early mechanical strength of Portland cement to decrease.
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Lavagna, Luca, and Roberto Nisticò. "An Insight into the Chemistry of Cement—A Review." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (2022): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010203.

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Even if cement is a well-consolidated material, the chemistry of cement (and the chemistry inside cement) remains very complex and still non-obvious. What is sure is that the hydration mechanism plays a pivotal role in the development of cements with specific final chemical compositions, mechanical properties, and porosities. This document provides a survey of the chemistry behind such inorganic material. The text has been organized into five parts describing: (i) the manufacture process of Portland cement, (ii) the chemical composition and hydration reactions involving a Portland cement, (iii
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Menéndez, Esperanza, Cristina Argiz, Hairon Recino, and Miguel Ángel Sanjuán. "Characterization of Mortars Made with Coal Ashes Identified as a Way Forward to Mitigate Climate Change." Crystals 12, no. 4 (2022): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12040557.

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Portland cement production is an energy-intensive process that releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. To reach carbon neutrality by 2050, it would be necessary to implement innovative measures in the cement industry to deliver carbon neutrality. In this respect, it is striking that the new cement types made with high contents of industrial by-products will act as a lever to combat climate change. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to assess coal–ash blended cements in light of climate change mitigation. In particular, ground coal bottom ash could be considered as a novel constitue
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