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Journal articles on the topic 'Cement thickness'
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Zsuzsanna, Bardocz Veres, and Cerghizan Diana. "Clinical Evaluation of Cement Thickness Around Pre- Fabricated vs. Costume-Fabricated Posts." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 27 (September 30, 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n27p39.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variation of cement thickness in different regions of the root in case of prefabricated and custom-fabricated posts. Material and methods: Totally twelve extracted human incisors and premolars with single tooth canals were distributed among 3 experimental groups of 4 specimens each. They were treated endodontically and restored with prefabricated fibre posts or custom-fabricated metallic posts, cemented with different adhesive cements. Each sample was immersed in 1% methylene blue solution and after 10 days the teeths were sectioned into horizontal slices,resulting in three slices for each specimen. The distances between the canal wall and the post perimeter were measured on images of each slice with digital caliper. Results: The costume-fabricated post groups (group 2,3) obtained statistically significant lower cement thicknesses,in particular in the apical third. The prefabricated post group (group 1) showed the highest cement thickness. Cement thickness was less for the specimens prepared using direct impression technique.
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Moris, Izabela Cristina Maurício, Juliana Elias de Oliveira, Adriana Cláudia Lapria Faria, Ricardo Faria Ribeiro, and Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues. "In Vitro Fit and Cementation Resistance of Provisional Crowns for Single Implant-Supported Restorations." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 5 (October 2015): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300289.
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Abstract: This study aimed to verify marginal fit and the effect of cement film thickness standardization on retention of provisional crowns made with prefabricated acrylic cylinders on abutments, using two temporary luting agents subjected or not to mechanical cycling. Provisional crowns were made from bis-acryl (Luxatemp Fluorescence) or methyl methacrylate (Duralay) resins on acrylic cylinders and marginal fit and cement film thickness were evaluated. For retention evaluation, crowns were cemented with two temporary luting agents: non-eugenol zinc oxide (Tempbond NE) or calcium hydroxide-based (Hydcal) cements and subjected to tensile strength in a universal testing machine. After cleaning, debonded crowns were cemented again, subjected to mechanical cycling and retention was reassessed. The results of marginal fit and cement film thickness were analyzed by Student's t-test while retention of cements before and after mechanical cycling was analyzed using a mixed linear model. Methyl methacrylate crowns presented greater marginal misfit (p=0.001) and occlusal cement film thickness (p=0.003) than the bis-acryl ones. No difference was observed at axial cement film thickness (p=0.606). Resins (p=0.281) did not affect crown retention, but luting agents (p=0.029) and mechanical cycling (p=0.027) showed significant effects. The only significant interaction was mechanical cycling*luting agents, which means that luting agents were differently affected by mechanical cycling (p=0.002). In conclusion, the results showed that bis-acryl resin associated to calcium-hydroxide luting agent provided the best retention and lower cement thickness.
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Engqvist, Hakan, Lars Kraft, Håkan Spengler, and Leif Hermansson. "A Novel Biomineral Water Based Dental Cement." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.145.
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The area of cements in dentistry is steadily growing with the introduction of new systems that need to be cemented to the tooth, e.g. new inlays and crowns. With the better properties of the implants there is a need for new cements with high bond strength, good esthetic and mechanical properties. The bioactive minerals have not been explored as dental cement. This paper investigates the strength, setting time and film thickness of a novel dental cement based on the biomineral Marokite (calcium aluminate) as bonding system. The reactive Marokite powder is mixed with glass filler (ratio of 1.9 by volume) and water (ratio of 0.4 by weight) to a paste, which hardens within 6 minutes and has a working time of 2 minutes. The compressive strength reaches 143 MPa after 24 hours and the flexural strength almost 40 MPa. When the film thickness is measured at the end of the working time it is about 50 µm. Compared to glass ionomer cement (Fuji Cem) and zinc phosphate cement (Harvad) the biomineral system has higher strength and comparable setting time and film thickness. The investigation shows that it is feasible to develop dental cements based on biominerals, in this case a Marokite based material. The cement complies with the given standards.
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Silami, Francisca Daniele Jardilino, Rafaella Tonani, Carla Cecilia Alandia-Román, and Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza. "Influence of Different Types of Resin Luting Agents on Color Stability of Ceramic Laminate Veneers Subjected to Accelerated Artificial Aging." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 1 (February 2016): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600348.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of accelerated aging (AAA) on the color stability of resin cements for bonding ceramic laminate veneers of different thicknesses. The occlusal surfaces of 80 healthy human molars were flattened. Ceramic laminate veneers (IPS e-max Ceram) of two thicknesses (0.5 and 1.0 mm) were bonded with three types of luting agents: light-cured, conventional dual and self-adhesive dual cement. Teeth without restorations and cement samples (0.5 mm) were used as control. After initial color evaluations, the samples were subjected to AAA for 580 h. After this, new color readouts were made, and the color stability (ΔE) and luminosity (ΔL) data were analyzed. The greatest color changes (p<0.05) occurred when 0.5 mm veneers were fixed with light-cured cement and the lowest when 1.0 mm veneers were fixed with conventional dual cement. There was no influence of the restoration thickness when the self-adhesive dual cement was used. When veneers were compared with the control groups, it was verified that the cement samples presented the greatest alterations (p<0.05) in comparison with both substrates and restored teeth. Therefore, it was concluded that the thickness of the restoration influences color and luminosity changes for conventional dual and light-cured cements. The changes in self-adhesive cement do not depend on restoration thickness.
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Runnacles, Patrício, Gisele Maria Correr, Flares Baratto Filho, Carla Castiglia Gonzaga, and Adilson Yoshio Furuse. "Degree of Conversion of a Resin Cement Light-Cured Through Ceramic Veneers of Different Thicknesses and Types." Brazilian Dental Journal 25, no. 1 (January 2014): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302200.
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During the cementation of ceramic veneers the polymerization of resin cements may be jeopardized if the ceramics attenuate the irradiance of the light-curing device. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types and thicknesses of ceramic veneers on the degree of conversion of a light-cured resin-based cement (RelyX Veneer). The cement was light-cured after interposing ceramic veneers [IPS InLine, IPS Empress Esthetic, IPS e.max LT (low translucency) and IPS e.max HT (high translucency) - Ivoclar Vivadent] of four thicknesses (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm). As control, the cement was light-cured without interposition of ceramics. The degree of conversion was evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy (n=5). Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Significant differences were observed among groups (p<0.001). The degree of conversion was similar to the control for all light-cured groups with interposition of ceramics of 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm (p>0.05). Among 1.5-mm-thick veneers, IPS e.max LT was the only one that showed different results from the control (p<0.05). At the thickness of 2.0 mm, only the IPS e.max LT and HT veneers were able to produce cements with degrees of conversion similar to the control (p>0.05). The degree of conversion of the evaluated light-cured resin cement depends on the thickness and type of ceramics employed when veneers thicker than 1.5 mm are cemented.
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Sanjay, Devismita, Subrata Mondal, Richa Bhutani, and Rajesh Ghosh. "The effect of cement mantle thickness on strain energy density distribution and prediction of bone density changes around cemented acetabular component." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 232, no. 9 (August 14, 2018): 912–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411918793448.
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Cement mantle thickness is known to be one of the important parameters to reduce the failure of the cemented acetabular component. The thickness of the cement mantle is also often influenced by the positioning of the acetabular cup. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of uniform and non-uniform cement mantle thickness on strain energy density distribution and prediction of the possibility of bone remodelling around the acetabular region. Furthermore, tensile stress distribution in the cement mantle due to non-uniform cement mantle thickness was also investigated. Three-dimensional finite element models of intact and 17 implanted pelvic bone were developed based on computed tomography data sets. Results indicate that implantation with non-uniform cement thickness variation in the anterior–posterior direction has a significant influence on strain energy density distribution around the acetabulum as compared to thickness variation in the superior–inferior direction. Increase in density is predicted at the anterior part of the acetabulum, whereas density decrease is predicted at the posterior, inferior and superior part of the acetabulum. The non-uniform cement mantle thickness affected the tensile stress distribution in the cement mantle, in particularly superiorly placed acetabular cup. This study concludes that uniform cement thickness is desired for the longer success of the cemented acetabular component.
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Cho, Seok-Hwan, Arnaldo Lopez, David W. Berzins, Soni Prasad, and Kwang Woo Ahn. "Effect of Different Thicknesses of Pressable Ceramic Veneers on Polymerization of Light-cured and Dual-cured Resin Cements." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 5 (2015): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1688.
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ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluated the effects of ceramic veneer thicknesses on the polymerization of two different resin cements. Materials and methods A total of 80 ceramic veneer disks were fabricated by using a pressable ceramic material (e.max Press; Ivoclar Vivadent) from a Low Translucency (LT) ingot (A1 shade). These disks were divided into light-cured (LC; NX3 Nexus LC; Kerr) and dual-cured (DC; NX3 Nexus DC; Kerr) and each group was further divided into four subgroups, based on ceramic disk thickness (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 mm). The values of Vickers microhardness (MH) and degree of conversion (DOC) were obtained for each specimen after a 24-hour storage period. Association between ceramic thickness, resin cement type, and light intensity readings (mW/cm2) with respect to microhardness and degree of conversion was statistically evaluated by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results For the DOC values, there was no significant difference observed among the LC resin cement subgroups, except in the 1.2 mm subgroup; only the DOC value (14.0 ± 7.4%) of 1.2 mm DC resin cement had significantly difference from that value (28.9 ± 7.5%) of 1.2 mm LC resin cement (p < 0.05). For the MH values between LC and DC resin cement groups, there was statistically significant difference (p < 0.05); overall, the MH values of LC resin cement groups demonstrated higher values than DC resin cement groups. On the other hands, among the DC resin cement subgroups, the MH values of 1.2 mm DC subgroup was significantly lower than the 0.3 mm and 0.6 mm subgroups (p < 0.05). However, among the LC subgroups, there was no statistically significant difference among them (p > 0.05). Conclusion The degree of conversion and hardness of the resin cement was unaffected with veneering thicknesses between 0.3 and 0.9 mm. However, the DC resin cement group resulted in a significantly lower DOC and MH values for the 1.2 mm subgroup. Clinical Significance While clinically adequate polymerization of LC resin cement can be achieved with a maximum 1.2 mm of porcelain veneer restoration, the increase of curing time or light intensity is clinically needed for DC resin cements at the thickness of more than 0.9 mm. How to cite this article Cho S-H, Lopez A, Berzins DW, Prasad S, Ahn KW. Effect of Different Thicknesses of Pressable Ceramic Veneers on Polymerization of Lightcured and Dual-cured Resin Cements. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):347-352.
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Tribst, João Paulo Mendes, Alison Flavio Campos dos Santos, Giuliane da Cruz Santos, Larissa Sandy da Silva Leite, Julio Chávez Lozada, Laís Regiane Silva-Concílio, Kusai Baroudi, and Marina Amaral. "Effect of Cement Layer Thickness on the Immediate and Long-Term Bond Strength and Residual Stress between Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic and Human Dentin." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 5153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185153.
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This study tested whether three different cement layer thicknesses (60, 120 and 180 μm) would provide the same bonding capacity between adhesively luted lithium disilicate and human dentin. Ceramic blocks were cut to 20 blocks with a low-speed diamond saw under cooling water and were then cemented to human flat dentin with an adhesive protocol. The assembly was sectioned into 1 mm2 cross-section beams composed of ceramic/cement/dentin. Cement layer thickness was measured, and three groups were formed. Half of the samples were immediately tested to evaluate the short-term bond strength and the other half were submitted to an aging simulation. The microtensile test was performed in a universal testing machine, and the bond strength (MPa) was calculated. The fractured specimens were examined under stereomicroscopy. Applying the finite element method, the residual stress of polymerization shrinkage according to cement layer thickness was also calculated using first principal stress as analysis criteria. Kruskal–Wallis tests showed that the ‘‘cement layer thickness’’ factor significantly influenced the bond strength results for the aged samples (p = 0.028); however, no statistically significant difference was found between the immediately tested groups (p = 0.569). The higher the cement layer thickness, the higher the residual stress generated at the adhesive interface due to cement polymerization shrinkage. In conclusion, the cement layer thickness does not affect the immediate bond strength in lithium disilicate restorations; however, thinner cement layers are most stable in the short term, showing constant bond strength and lower residual stress.
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Sokolowski, Grzegorz, Michal Krasowski, Agata Szczesio-Wlodarczyk, Bartlomiej Konieczny, Jerzy Sokolowski, and Kinga Bociong. "The Influence of Cement Layer Thickness on the Stress State of Metal Inlay Restorations—Photoelastic Analysis." Materials 14, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030599.
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The successful restoration of teeth requires a good connection between the inlay and natural tissue. A strong bond may improve retention and reinforce tooth structure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of cement layer thickness on contraction stress generated during photopolymerization, and to determine the changes in stress state of the cement occurring during aging in water (over 84 days). Two cements were used: resin composite cement (NX3) and self-adhesive resin cement (Maxcem Elite Chroma). A cylindrical sample made of CuZn alloy was used to imitate the inlay. The stress state was measured by photoelastic analysis. The contraction stress of the inlay restoration was calculated for cement layer thicknesses of 25 µm, 100 µm, 200 µm, and 400 µm. For both tested materials, the lowest contraction stress was observed for the thinnest layer (25 µm), and this increased with thickness. Following water immersion, a significant reduction in contraction stress was observed due to hygroscopic expansion. Applying a thin layer (approximately 25 µm) of composite and self-adhesive resin cements resulted in high levels of expansion stresses (over −6 MPa) after water aging.
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Aldryhim, Hanan, Omar El-Mowafy, Peter McDermott, and Anuradha Prakki. "Hardness of Resin Cements Polymerized through Glass-Ceramic Veneers." Dentistry Journal 9, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9080092.
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(1) Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the hardness of resin cements polymerized through ceramic disks under different process factors (ceramic type and thickness, light-polymerization units and polymerization time); (2) Method: Three types of ceramic blocks were used (IPS e.max CAD; Celtra Duo; VITABLOCS). Ceramic disks measuring 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm were cut from commercial blocks. Two resin cements (Rely X Veneer and Variolink Esthetic) were polymerized through the ceramic specimens using distinct light-polymerization units (Deep-cure; Blue-phase) and time intervals (10 and 20 s). Hardness of cement specimens was measured using microhardness tester with a Knoop indenter. Data were statistically analyzed using factorial ANOVA (α = 5%); (3) Results: Mean microhardness of Rely X Veneer cement was significantly higher than that of Variolink Esthetic. Deep-cure resulted in higher mean microhardness values compared to Blue-phase at 0.5- and 1-mm specimen thicknesses. Moreover, a direct correlation was found between polymerization time and hardness of resin cement; (4) Conclusions: Surface hardness was affected by resin cement type and ceramic thickness, and not affected by ceramic types, within evaluated conditions. Increasing light-polymerization time significantly increased the hardness of the cement.
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Melo Freire, CA, GA Borges, DBM Caldas, RS Santos, SA Ignácio, and RF Mazur. "Marginal Adaptation and Quality of Interfaces in Lithium Disilicate Crowns — Influence of Manufacturing and Cementation Techniques." Operative Dentistry 42, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/15-288-l.
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SUMMARY Purpose: To evaluate the cement line thickness and the interface quality in milled or injected lithium disilicate ceramic restorations and their influence on marginal adaptation using different cement types and different adhesive cementation techniques. Methods and Materials: Sixty-four bovine teeth were prepared for full crown restoration (7.0±0.5 mm in height, 8.0 mm in cervical diameter, and 4.2 mm in incisal diameter) and were divided into two groups: CAD/CAM automation technology, IPS e.max CAD (CAD), and isostatic injection by heat technology, IPS e.max Press (PRESS). RelyX ARC (ARC) and RelyX U200 resin cements were used as luting agents in two activation methods: initial self-activation and light pre-activation for one second (tack-cure). Next, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 23°C ± 2°C for 72 hours. The cement line thickness was measured in micrometers, and the interface quality received scores according to the characteristics and sealing aspects. The evaluations were performed with an optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope images were presented to demonstrate the various features found in the cement line. For the cement line thickness, data were analyzed with three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Games-Howell test (α=0.05). For the variable interface quality, the data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U-test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple comparisons nonparametric Dunn test (α=0.05). Results: The ANOVA presented statistical differences among the ceramic restoration manufacturing methods as well as a significant interaction between the manufacturing methods and types of cement (p<0.05). The U200 presented lower cement line thickness values when compared to the ARC with both cementation techniques (p<0.05). With regard to the interface quality, the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated statistical differences between the ceramic restoration manufacturing methods and cementation techniques. The PRESS ceramics obtained lower scores than did the CAD ceramics when using ARC cement (p<0.05). Conclusions: Milled restorations cemented with self-adhesive resin cement resulted in a thinner cement line that is statistically different from that of CAD or pressed ceramics cemented with resin cement with adhesive application. No difference between one-second tack-cure and self-activation was noted.
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Alkurt, Murat, and Zeynep Yesil Duymus. "Comparison to Color Stability Between Amine with Benzoyl Peroxide Includes Resin Cement and Amine-reduced, Amine-free, Lacking of Benzoyl Peroxide Resin Cements After Thermocycle." Journal of Advanced Oral Research 9, no. 1-2 (May 2018): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2320206818799802.
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Objective: This study aims to compare the color change (Δ E) of 5 resin cements (Panavia SA, Panavia V5, RelyX U200, Variolink NLC clear and +1) after thermocycling. Changes in color of specimens were determined after 10,000 cycles of thermocycling by spectrophotometer in the CIELAB. Materials and Methods: Ceramic disks, simulating laminate veneers, with thicknesses of 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 mm (A1, IPS e.max) were fabricated. Color differences (Δ E) between the control and test groups were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Also, Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were applied to know the difference between the groups (α = 0.05). Results: The factors of cement type and thickness of ceramic showed significant influence on Δ E values ( P < .05). After thermocycling, all resin cements, except benzoyl peroxide including resin cement (Pan SA), were showed clinically acceptable to color change limits (Δ E < 3.3). On evaluating the effects of ceramic thickness on color change after thermocyle aging, control group (no ceramic thickness) showed color change ( P < .05) visually. Conclusion: Amine-reduced, amine-free and lacking benzoyl peroxide resin cement showed minimal color change and better color stability.
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Delgado, AJ, EM Castellanos, MAC Sinhoreti, DC Oliveira, N. Abdulhameed, S. Geraldeli, TA Sulaiman, and J.-F. Roulet. "The Use of Different Photoinitiator Systems in Photopolymerizing Resin Cements Through Ceramic Veneers." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-263-l.
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SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the effect of different photoinitiator systems on photopolymerizing resin cements through ceramic veneers with different thickness on microshear bond strength (μSBS), flexural strength (FS), and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and verify the light attenuation through these ceramic veneers. Methods and Materials: Four photopolymerizing experimental resin cements were produced with the same resin matrix and associated with four different photoinitiator systems: camphorquinone (CQ), diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO), Ivocerin, and TPO + Ivocerin. Eighty disc-shaped ceramic veneers (IPS Empress Esthetic, Ivoclar Vivadent) were fabricated (10-mm diameter) in two different thicknesses: 0.7 and 1.5 mm. A previously characterized multiwave LED (Bluephase G2, Ivoclar Vivadent) was standardized for 40 seconds of photoactivation. Light transmittance through each ceramic veneer thickness (n=5) was measured using a spectrometer (USB 2000, Ocean Optics). The μSBS of each resin cement (n=15) to the ceramic veneer was evaluated using 0.5-mm cylinders with 0.7-mm diameters photoactivated through the different ceramic veneer thicknesses. Samples for FS and UTS tests were made either with or without ceramics veneers (0.7 and 1.5 mm) fixed to the light-curing tip. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: The multiwave LED emitted higher irradiance into the blue wavelength spectra than into the violet wavelength spectra (p=0.0001). Light transmittance through the ceramic veneers was reduced in a systematic manner based on thickness regardless of the wavelength spectra emitted from the multiwave LED (p=0.00037). The μSBS was reduced in a systematic manner based on thickness regardless of the photoinitiator system (p<0.05). However, resin cements with CQ and Ivocerin showed higher bond strength values in comparison to the resin cement with TPO regardless of the ceramic veneer thickness (p<0.05). The FS and UTS means decreased (p<0.05) with the interposition of 0.7- and 1.5-mm ceramic veneers for all resin cements. The resin cement containing only TPO showed the lowest FS and UTS means (p<0.05) for all ceramic veneers. Conclusions: The thickness of the ceramic veneers reduced the irradiance of the multiwave LED in all wavelength spectra. Ivocerin alone or associated with TPO showed to be an effective alternative photoinitiator to substitute for CQ. The resin cement containing only TPO had lower bond strength values in comparison to resin cements with CQ, Ivocerin, and Ivocerin + TPO.
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Sahafi, A., AR Benetti, S. Flury, and A. Peutzfeldt. "Retention of Root Canal Posts: Effect of Cement Film Thickness, Luting Cement, and Post Pretreatment." Operative Dentistry 40, no. 4 (June 1, 2015): E149—E157. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/14-159-l.
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SUMMARY The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the cement film thickness of a zinc phosphate or a resin cement on retention of untreated and pretreated root canal posts. Prefabricated zirconia posts (CosmoPost: 1.4 mm) and two types of luting cements (a zinc phosphate cement [DeTrey Zinc] and a self-etch adhesive resin cement [Panavia F2.0]) were used. After removal of the crowns of 360 extracted premolars, canines, or incisors, the root canals were prepared with a parallel-sided drill system to three different final diameters. Half the posts did not receive any pretreatment. The other half received tribochemical silicate coating according to the manufacturer's instructions. Posts were then luted in the prepared root canals (n=30 per group). Following water storage at 37°C for seven days, retention of the posts was determined by the pull-out method. Irrespective of the luting cement, pretreatment with tribochemical silicate coating significantly increased retention of the posts. Increased cement film thickness resulted in decreased retention of untreated posts and of pretreated posts luted with zinc phosphate cement. Increased cement film thickness had no influence on retention of pretreated posts luted with resin cement. Thus, retention of the posts was influenced by the type of luting cement, by the cement film thickness, and by the post pretreatment.
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Farid, Farzaneh, Khadijeh Rostami, Sareh Habibzadeh, and MohammadJavad Kharazifard. "Effect of cement type and thickness on push-out bond strength of fiber posts." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 12, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2018.043.
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Background. This study investigated the effect of the thickness of two resin cements on push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin. Methods. Sixty decoronated single-rooted teeth were endodontically treated. The specimens were then randomly allocated to two groups (n=30); group 1: drill size 90 w, matching the size of fiber posts used; group 2: drill size 110, larger than the posts. The specimens in each group were divided into 2 subgroups (n=15); subgroup SE, in which the posts were cemented with self-etch Panavia F2.0 and subgroup SA, in which self-adhesive Panavia cement was used. After 72 hours, 2 slices with 1 mm of thickness were prepared from the mid-root of each specimen. Push-out bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and t-test. Results. The mean bond strengths of the posts cemented in matched-size spaces for SE and SA groups were 4.02±1.6 and 4.12±2.3 MPa, respectively. For posts cemented in oversized spaces, the values were 4.9±2.3 and 2.8±1.3 MPa, respectively. In matched-size spaces, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion. The results of this study suggested that increasing the cement thickness would reduce the bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin when self-adhesive cements are used; however, self-etch adhesives were not affected.
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Habib, Syed Rashid, Abdul Sadekh Ansari, Salwa Omar Bajunaid, Abdullah Alshahrani, and Muhammad Qasim Javed. "Evaluation of Film Thickness of Crown Disclosing Agents and Their Comparison with Cement Film Thickness after Final Cementation." European Journal of Dentistry 14, no. 02 (April 13, 2020): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708560.
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Abstract Objective Verification of the accuracy of crown fit before final cementation is imperative. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the film thickness of commonly used dental crown disclosing materials and their comparison with final cement thickness. Materials and Methods One hundred fifty provisional crowns (Protemp) were fabricated on standardized resin dies and divided into five groups (N = 150; n = 30) based on five disclosing agents: A = Fit-Checker auto-mix; B = Okklu-top; C = Express; D = Fit-Checker hand-mix; E = Coltene PSI, and Final cement = Relyx U200. Crowns were loaded with test materials, tried over dies under load (50N), and later cemented under same load. Film thickness (µm) was recorded between crown margin and the finish line of die after loading with test material and final cementation using a digital microscope. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, Tukey’s and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Results Significant variations were found between the film thicknesses of the five disclosing agents (p = 0.019). Group-A showed the lowest (131.67 ± 101.10 μm), while group-B (295.00 ± 263.88 μm) showed the highest film thickness (p = 0.011). Film thicknesses after cementation were similar for groups (p = 0.957). Significant difference was observed for group-B disclosing agent versus final cement (p = 0.010). The lowest mean difference between the film thicknesses of the disclosing agent and final cementation of 13.1 μm was revealed for group-A. Conclusions Variations in the film thicknesses of the tested disclosing agents were found. Fit-Checker auto-mix was found with minimal film thickness and satisfied the requirements as the disclosing agent, while Okklu-top aerosol spray did not.
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LEVADNYI, IEVGEN, JAN AWREJCEWICZ, OLGA SZYMANOWSKA, DARIUSZ GRZELCZYK, JOSÉ EDUARDO GUBAUA, JUCÉLIO TOMÁS PEREIRA, and GABRIELA WESSLING OENING DICATI. "BIOMECHANICAL RATIONALE FOR CHOICE OF CEMENT MANTLE THICKNESS AROUND A FEMORAL STEM." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 18, no. 06 (September 2018): 1850064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519418500641.
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The change in mechanical properties of the femoral bone tissue surrounding hip endoprosthesis stems during the post-operative period is one of the causes of implant instability, and the mathematical description of this phenomenon is the subject of much research. In the present study, a model of bone adaptation, based on isotropic Stanford theory, is created for further computer investigation. The results of implementation of such a mathematical model are presented regarding the choice of cement mantle rational thickness in cemented hip arthroplasties. The results show that for cement mantle thicknesses ranging from 1–1.5[Formula: see text]mm, a peak stress value in the proximal part of the mantle exceeds the limit of durability of bone cement. Moreover, results show that high reduction in the bone density of distal and proximal regions was observed in cases of cement mantle thicknesses varying from 1–3[Formula: see text]mm. No significant changes in bone density of the abovementioned regions were obtained for 4[Formula: see text]mm and 5[Formula: see text]mm. The outcome of numerical investigations can be treated as valuable and will lead to the improvement of cemented hip replacement surgery results.
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Kerboull, M. "Thickness of the Cement Mantle." HIP International 12, no. 2 (April 2002): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070000201200210.
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Daneshpooy, Mehdi, Fatemeh Pournaghi Azar, Parnian Alizade Oskoee, Mahmoud Bahari, Saeede Asdagh, and Seyed Reza Khosravani. "Color agreement between try-in paste and resin cement: Effect of thickness and regions of ultra-translucent multilayered zirconia veneers." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 13, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2019.010.
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Background. The current study aimed at identifying the color agreement between try-in pastes and the respective resin cements and investigated the effect of thickness and regions of Ultra-Translucent Multilayered Zirconia Veneers. Methods. A total of 90 cubic zirconia discs were prepared at two different thicknesses (0.5 mm and 0.7 mm) (n=45) in five groups in terms of the shade of the try-in paste and resin cement as follows: Universal, Clear, Brown, White and Opaque. Try-in paste and the respective resin cement were applied between the specimens and composite substrate, respectively, and colorimetric evaluation was carried out using CIE-Lab system. For each specimen, ΔE between the try-in paste and cement was calculated. Data were analyzed with SPSS 17 using Multifactor ANOVA (P<0.05). Results. Multifactor ANOVA results showed that ΔE values were significantly affected by the resin cement shade and the thickness of ceramic veneer (P<0.05). The results showed better shade agreement between the try-in paste and the respective resin cement with thicker ceramic veneers. The results of Tukey HSD revealed that ΔE values for the Clear, Universal and Brown shades were less than those of the White and Opaque shades. Lighter shades exhibited better agreement between the try-in paste and the respective resin cement. Conclusion. Perceptible color difference was found between the try-in pastes and the respective resin cement in most colors investigated. Although, the agreement of the try-in pastes and the respective resin cement was affected by the thickness of zirconia veneers, the different regions of multilayered ultra-translucent zirconia ceramic showed no significant effect.
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Harris, W. H. "The Importance of the Thickness of the Femoral Cement Mantle." HIP International 13, no. 2 (April 2003): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070000301300201.
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The importance of mantle thickness in the long-term survival of cemented femoral components remains controversial. One complexity in evaluating mantle thickness alone is the dominating fact that so many other factors can influence the incidence of failure. Nonetheless, a cement grading system has been applied to the assessment of the intermediate and long-term follow-up series of the following cemented femoral stem designs HD-2 (Howmedica, Rutherford, NJ), CAD (Howmedica, Rutherford, NJ), Precoat (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN), Iowa (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN), Ti32 (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN), and DF80 (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN). In each series, a statistically significant increased risk of failure was found in those cases with cement mantles that were thin or deficient. While these data do not mean that all such cases fail, the data strongly support the concept of avoiding such deficiencies in the cement mantle of these stem designs.
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Jo, Young Kug, Seon Ho Jeong, and Wan Ki Kim. "Bond Strength of Polymer Cement Slurry-Coated Rebar Using EVA Latex in Cement Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 687 (April 2013): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.687.175.
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Polymer cement slurry(PCS) made from organic polymer dispersion and cement has good adhesion to steel, waterproofness and acid resistance due to being of polymer films formed in the cement slurry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mix conditions such as coating thicknesses, curing ages and polymer-cement ratios of PCS-coating material effected on improvement in bond strength of rebar coated by PCS with EVA latex in cement concrete. The test pieces are prepared with four types of polymer-cement ratio, four types of coating thickness and four types of curing age, and tested for the bond strength test. From the test results, in general, bond strength of PCS-coated rebar is better than that of uncoated rebar and epoxy-coated rebar. It is also high bond strength at curing ages of 7-day or less, and coating thicknesses of 75 µm and 100 µm. The maximum bond strength of PCS-coated rebar at curing age of 3-hour is almost same as that of curing age of 1-day and 7-day. The maximum bond strength of PCS-coated rebar with EVA at polymer-cement ratio of 50%, and coating thickness of 100 µm is about 1.41 and 1.47 times respectively, the strength of uncoated rebar and epoxy-coated rebar. It is apparent that the curing age, coating thickness and polymer-cement ratio are very important factors to improve the bond strength of PCS-coated rebar to cement concrete. We can have basic information that it can replace epoxy coated rebar by the PCS-coated rebar with curing age at 3-hour and coating thickness of 100 µm.
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Gupta, Naveen, Rajat R. Khajuria, Rishav Singh, Pranamee Barua, and Nausheen Hajira. "Comparison of Film Thickness of Two Commercial Brands of Glass Ionomer Cement and One Dual-cured Composite: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 8 (2017): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2104.
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ABSTRACT Aim The present study is undertaken to examine the film thickness of three most commonly used luting cements and to determine their usage as a luting agent. Materials and methods This study was carried out strictly according to the guidelines of American Dental Association (ADS) specification no. 8. Two glass slabs of 5 cm in length and 2 cm in width were used. One glass slab was kept over the other glass slab and the space between the two glass slabs was measured using metallurgical microscope at the power of 10×. Two brands of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and one dualcured resin cement were used in this study. The test cement is sandwiched between two glass slabs. A static load of 15 kg was applied using universal testing machine on the glass slabs for 1 hour and the space present between the two glass slabs was measured using metallurgical microscope at the power of 10×. Results Greatest film thickness was found in group III (Paracore) followed by group II (micron) and lowest in group I (GC luting and lining cement). All the tested samples can be used for luting purposes. Conclusion Greatest film thickness was observed in Paracore followed by micron and lowest in GC luting and lining cement. This suggests that the 25 to 27°C is ideal for mixing of the cement when used for luting consistency. The cement with film thickness more than 30 µm should never be used for luting purposes. Clinical significance The dentist should choose the luting cement with utmost care noting the film thickness and bond strength of the cement. The cement with low exothermic heat production and good bond strength should be encouraged. How to cite this article Khajuria RR, Singh R, Barua P, Hajira N, Gupta N, Thakkar RR. Comparison of Film Thickness of Two Commercial Brands of Glass Ionomer Cement and One Dualcured Composite: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):670-674.
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Marinho, Marcio Leandro Von Dreifus, Thaís Yumi Umeda Suzuki, Wirley Gonçalves Assunção, João Carlos Silos Moraes, and Paulo Henrique dos Santos. "Degree of conversion of resin cements polymerized under different thicknesses of feldspathic porcelain." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 18 (April 24, 2019): e191451. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8655288.
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Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) of resin cements polymerized under different thicknesses of feldspathic dental ceramic. Methods: Forty samples of RelyX ARC and RelyX Veneer resin cements were polymerized under Starlight feldspathic ceramic discs (DeguDent Gmbh) with 0.5 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.8 mm, and 2.4 mm in thickness. The control group was cured without the interposition of ceramic. The DC measurements were performed 10 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours after the light-activation in a Nexus 670 FTIR spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measure ANOVA and Fisher PLSD test. Results: The RelyX ARC showed higher DC for all ceramic thicknesses. There was significant decrease in DC related to an increase in ceramic thickness. For RelyX ARC, the values of DC obtained after 1 hour and 24 hours did not differ statistically between them, but they were higher than those analyzed after 10 minutes. For RelyX Veneer cement, there was gradual increase in the DC up to 24 hours. Conclusion: The higher the thicknesses of ceramic, the lower DC of the resin cement.
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Shafiei, Fereshteh, Mahtab Memarpour, and Zahra Jowkar. "Effect of Silver Antibacterial Agents on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts to Root Dentin." Brazilian Dental Journal 31, no. 4 (August 2020): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202003300.
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Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate whether antibacterial pretreatment irrigation with silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has any effect on bond strength of fiber posts cemented with three types of resin cements in root canal space. Fifty-four endodontically treated maxillary central incisor roots were prepared for fiber post (FRC Postec Plus NO.3, Ivoclar Vivadent) cementation and divided into nine groups in terms of three cement types and two pretreatments with silver antibacterial agents. The cements were as follows: an etch-and-rinse cement (ER, Excite DSC/Variolink N), a self-etch cement (SE, ED Primer/Panavia F2.0), and a self-adhesive cement (SA, Panavia SA Luting Plus). For each cement, the control group was with no treatment and two experimental groups were with SNPs and SDF treatments that were used after acid-etching for ER cement and after EDTA treatment for SE and SA cements. After fiber post cementation, each bonded root was horizontally sectioned into 1-mm thickness microslices to create two slices for each root region (apical, middle and coronal) and underwent push-out bond strength (PBS) test. Data in MPa were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p=0.05). The interaction of the pretreatment type and cement type was significant (p<0.001). SNPs and SDF significantly increased PBS with ER cement (p≤0.04). This positive effect was also marginally significant for SDF with SE cement (p=0.049). For SA cement, SNPs showed a significant positive effect, but SDF had a significant adverse effect on PBS (p<0.001). The effect of pretreatment with silver antibacterial agents prior to adhesive cementation of fiber posts depends on the resin cement used. Contrary to SNPs with beneficial or no significant effect on bonding for all cements, SDF exhibited a deleterious effect with self-adhesive cement.
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Lee, Ju Hye, Sang Bae Lee, Kyoung Nam Kim, Kwang Mahn Kim, and Yong Keun Lee. "Antibacterial Effect of Silver-Zeolites in Glass-Ionomer Cements." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.831.
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In this study, the antibacterial effects of glass ionomer cement containing silver-zeolite were evaluated. New antibacterial glass ionomer cements with silver-zeolite were prepared as follows. Silver-zeolite (1, 3, and 5 wt%) was incorporated into the glass ionomer cement powder and then mixed with the polyacidic liquid at the ratio recommended by the manufacturer. Agar diffusion test was used to evaluation of antibacterial effect. Setting time, film thickness and compressive strength were also determined. Paired samples t-tests and ANOVA were used, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Film thickness and setting time were increased dependent on the amount of silver-zeolite. Glass ionomer cement with 1 wt% of silver-zeolite seemed to increase the compressive strength. However, increasing ratio of compressive strength was diminished beyond 3 wt%. Glass ionomer cements containing silver-zeolite have been successfully demonstrated to have antimicrobial effects on S. mutants in vitro. These results indicate that glass ionomer cement containing silver-zeolite have the potential to enhance antibacterial of dental cement in oral cavity.
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Fisher, D. A., A. C. Tsang, N. Paydar, S. Milionis, and C. H. Turner. "Cement-mantle thickness affects cement strains in total HIP replacement." Journal of Biomechanics 30, no. 11-12 (November 1997): 1173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(97)00082-1.
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Hernigou, Philippe, Gildasio Daltro, Charles Henri Flouzat Lachaniette, Xavier Roussignol, Martin Mukisi Mukasa, and Alexandre Poignard. "Fixation of the Cemented Stem: Clinical Relevance of the Porosity and Thickness of the Cement Mantle." Open Orthopaedics Journal 3, no. 1 (February 12, 2009): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325000903010008.
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The aim of this review paper is to define the fixation of the cemented stem. Polymethyl methacrylate, otherwise known as “bone cement”, has been used in the fixation of hip implants since the early 1960s. Sir John Charnley, the pioneer of modern hip replacement, incorporated the use of cement in the development of low frictional torque hip arthroplasty. In this paper, the concepts of femoral stem design and fixation, clinical results, and advances in understanding of the optimal use of cement are reviewed. The purpose of this paper is to help understanding and discussions on the thickness and the porosity of the cement mantle in total hip arthroplasty. Cement does not act as an adhesive, as sometimes thought, but relies on an interlocking fit to provide mechanical stability at the cement–bone interface, while at the prosthesis– cement interface it achieves stability by optimizing the fit of the implant in the cement mantle, such as in a tapered femoral stem.
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Hloch, Sergej, Peter Monka, Pavol Hvizdos, Dagmar Jakubeczyová, Drazan Kozak, Katarina Colic, Ján Kľoc, and Dagmar Magurová. "Thermal manifestations and nanoindentation of bone cements for orthopaedic surgery." Thermal Science 18, suppl.1 (2014): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130901186h.
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Improving of bone cements properties is possible by research of variables influencing exothermal behaviour and mechanical properties. Paper deals with exothermal behaviour experimental evaluation of bone cements used for medical purposes. Specimens were prepared by a conventional manual mixing technique. The work addresses primary risk factor associated with application of bone cement to femoral canal. Different size samples of bone cement has been created with diameter d = 2; 5;12,5 mm fixed in dentacryl. As an experimental material, Palacos R+G high viscosity, radiopaque bone cement containing Gentamicin and Radiopaque bone cement Antibiotic Simplex with Tobramycin, was used. Thermal effect during exothermic polymerisation was measured with period 1 minute. Evaluated factors were mass and thickness of bone cement. Significant influence of bone cement mass on temperature has been found.
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Yoon, S. I., Yong Keun Lee, Yeon Ung Kim, Min Chul Kim, Kyoung Nam Kim, S. O. Kim, and H. J. Choi. "The Effects of Hydroxyapatite on Bonding Strength between Dental Luting Cement and Human Teeth." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.953.
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydroxyapatite on bonding strength between dental luting cement and human teeth. In the previous study, bonelike forming ability by mixing hydroxyapatite with several bone cements was reported in a protein-free acellular simulated body fluid with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of the human blood plasma. Therefore in this experiment, we assumed that if bonelike apatite layer could form between dental luting cement and human teeth, the bonding strength between the two would improve. In addition, we expected the HA mixed dental luting cement to improve the physical properties. Fuji I glass ionomer and Relyx™ glass ionomer cement were the selected dental luting cements and the film thickness, setting time and compressive strength were measured mixing various concentrations of hydroxyapatite. Glass ionomer cement with the most superior physical properties(Fuji I ; 20% hydroxyapatite, Relyx™ ; 15% hydroxyapatite) was immersed in the simulated body fluid for three weeks and the surface was observed under SEM after measuring the bonding strength. As the concentration of HA increased, the film thickness of hydroxyapatite-glass ionomer cement decreased, the setting time increased, and the compressive strength increased. The most noteworthy results were that bonding strength increased, and that bonelike apatite formed on the tooth surface when observed under SEM.
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Aleisa, Khalil, Syed Rashid Habib, Abdul Sadekh Ansari, Ragad Altayyar, Shahad Alharbi, Sultan Ali S. Alanazi, and Khalid Tawfik Alduaiji. "Effect of Luting Cement Film Thickness on the Pull-Out Bond Strength of Endodontic Post Systems." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 3082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183082.
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Optimal bond strength between the prefabricated post/dowel to the surrounding dentin is essential. The present study aimed to analyze and compare the effect of three different cement film thicknesses on the pull-out bond strength of three different prefabricated post systems. Extracted natural teeth (N = 90) with similar root dimensions were acquired. Teeth were mounted in resin blocks, endodontically treated, sectioned at cemento-enamel junction, divided into three groups (A: Parapost Fiber Lux plus; B: 3M ESPE Relyx fiber post; and C: Parapost XP), and stored. Uniform post spaces were prepared for the groups (A and C: Length = 8 mm, Width = 1.5 mm; B: Length = 8 mm, Width = 1.6 mm). Each group (N = 30) was further subdivided into three subgroups (n = 10) based on the size (4, 5, and 6) of the post and cemented with resin cement (MultiLink-N, Ivoclar Vivadent). After thermocycling, the specimens were subjected to a pull-out test using a universal testing machine, and tensile force was recorded (MPa). Digital microscopic evaluations were performed for modes of failure. ANOVA and Tukey-HSD tests were used for statistics. Significant differences were observed for each tested material (p = 0.000). The lowest and highest bond strength values were recorded for Group C (Titanium post) and Group A (000), respectively. Multiple comparisons showed significance (p < 0.05) among all the groups, except for space 1 and space 2 (p = 0.316) for Group A. Most of the failures occurred within the cement-dentin and post-cement interface (Adhesive failures, 73.5%). An increase in the luting cement film thickness results in the decrease in pull-out bond strength of prefabricated posts luted with resin cement, irrespective of the type/material/shape of the post. The serrated fiber posts showed the highest pull-out bond strength compared to the smooth surfaced fiber posts or serrated metal posts. Increased pull-out bond strengths were observed when appropriate post space was created with the same sized drill as the post size.
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Reis, José Maurício dos Santos Nunes, Érica Gouveia Jorge, João Gustavo Rabelo Ribeiro, Ligia Antunes Pereira Pinelli, Filipe de Oliveira Abi-Rached, and Mário Tanomaru-Filho. "Radiopacity Evaluation of Contemporary Luting Cements by Digitization of Images." ISRN Dentistry 2012 (September 13, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/704246.
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Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiopacity of two conventional cements (Zinc Cement and Ketac Cem Easymix), one resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RelyX Luting 2) and six resin cements (Multilink, Bistite II DC, RelyX ARC, Fill Magic Dual Cement, Enforce and Panavia F) by digitization of images. Methods. Five disc-shaped specimens ( mm) were made for each material, according to ISO 4049. After setting of the cements, radiographs were made using occlusal films and a graduated aluminum stepwedge varying from 1.0 to 16 mm in thickness. The radiographs were digitized, and the radiopacity of the cements was compared with the aluminum stepwedge using the software VIXWIN-2000. Data (mmAl) were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (). Results. The Zinc Cement was the most radiopaque material tested (). The resin cements presented higher radiopacity () than the conventional (Ketac Cem Easymix) or resin-modified glass ionomer (RelyX Luting 2) cements, except for the Fill Magic Dual Cement and Enforce. The Multilink presented the highest radiopacity () among the resin cements. Conclusion. The glass ionomer-based cements (Ketac Cem Easymix and RelyX Luting 2) and the resin cements (Fill Magic Dual Cement and Enforce) showed lower radiopacity values than the minimum recommended by the ISO standard.
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Saputra, Eko, J. Jamari, Han Ay Lie, Iwan Budiwan Anwar, Rifky Ismail, Mohammad Tauviqirrahman, and Emile van der Heide. "The Effect of Layer Variation Between Liner and Cement Mantle on Reducing Cracks of PMMA Material Hip Joints." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 12013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187312013.
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Failure of cement mantle of bond loosening between liner and cement mantle is an important issue in total hip replacement. Two factors that commonly cause cement mantle failure are initial crack and stress. A solution for reducing stress on the cement mantle has been proposed by adding insertion material between liner and cement mantle. Nevertheless, further study is needed to optimize the proposed solution. A possible option is to vary the thickness of the insertion material. If the thickness of the PMMA material is constant, then the variation of the insertion thickness will be followed by the variation of the thickness of the liner. Consequently, the stress value on the liner will follow the variation of liner thickness. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the thickness variation of the insertion material to stress on cement mantle and liner using finite element simulation. Results revealed that the magnitude of stress and deflection decreased in the cement mantle and the liner along with the increasing thickness of the insertion material.
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Kandhal, Prithvi S., and Sanjoy Chakraborty. "Effect of Asphalt Film Thickness on Short- and Long-Term Aging of Asphalt Paving Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1535, no. 1 (January 1996): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153500111.
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It is generally believed that an asphalt paving mixture should have an adequate asphalt film thickness around the aggregate particles to ensure reasonable durability (resistance to aging) of the mixture. The minimum asphalt film thickness generally recommended ranges from 6 to 8 μm. However, no significant background research data are available in the literature to support these recommended minimum asphalt film thicknesses. Some states specify minimum asphalt film thickness for mix designs. This study was undertaken to quantify the relationship between various asphalt film thicknesses and the aging characteristics of the asphalt paving mix so that an optimum film thickness desirable for satisfactory mix durability could be established. Mixes prepared with asphalt binder film thickness ranging from about 4 to 13 μm were subjected to accelerated aging using Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) procedures to simulate both short- and long-term aging. Both the aggregate (RD) and the asphalt cement (AAM-1) used in this study were obtained from the SHRP Materials Reference Library. The aged, compacted mix was tested for tensile strength, tensile strain at failure, and resilient modulus. The aged asphalt cement was recovered and tested for penetration, viscosity, complex modulus, and phase angle. Aging indexes were obtained from these tests, and the relationship between film thickness and the aged mix/aged asphalt cement properties were determined using regression analysis. For the particular aggregate/asphalt cement combination used in this study, it was found that accelerated aging would occur if the asphalt binder film thickness was less than 9 to 10 μm in an asphalt paving mixture compacted to 8 percent air void content.
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Prado, Natália Araújo Silva, Reinaldo de Souza Ferreira, Marcos Henrique de Pinho Maurício, Sidnei Paciornik, and Mauro Sayão de Miranda. "Influence of the Cement Film Thickness on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Posts Cemented in Human Root Canals." International Journal of Dentistry 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9319534.
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The present study evaluated the influence of the cement film thickness on the push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts in the cervical, medium, and apical thirds of root canal spaces. Thirty roots were randomly divided into three groups, according to the fiber post system’s drills: (G1) #2; (G2) #3; (G3) #4. The posts were cemented using a self-adhesive cement, and a small amount of powdered Rhodamine B was used as a stain. Images of both sides of each slice were obtained before and after the push-out test. To determine the cement thickness, a macro routine was developed using the software KS 400. The data were analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s test. G2 (14.62±5.15 MPa) showed statistically higher bond strength values than G1 (10.04±5.13 MPa) and G3 (7.68±6.14 MPa). All groups presented higher bond strength values in the apical third. The bur diameter significantly influenced the results of the shear bond strength for the push-out test. The slight increase in the cement thickness allowed an increase in the values of shear bond strength when compared to very thin or very thick cement films.
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GUEDES, RUI M., CLÁUDIA NABAIS, and JOSÉ A. SIMÕES. "DAMAGE INITIATION AND PROPAGATION UNTIL FAILURE OF CEMENT–BONE INTERFACE BY THE ELEMENT-FAILURE METHOD." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 12, no. 03 (June 2012): 1250042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519411004617.
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Aseptic loosening of cemented hip implants frequently indicates failure by shear or tension of the cement–bone interface. An element-failure algorithm is proposed for the simulation of the mechanical behavior of the cement–bone interface until failure, under tensile and shear loading. To validate the model proposed, analysis on the cement–bone interface properties (elastic modulus, strength and thickness) and failure criteria, as well as mesh convergence analysis, were performed. Numerical results showed that the proposed element-failure method is able to determine the initiation and progression of interface failure in cemented hip replacements.
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Isaac, G. H., C. A. Busch, V. Shetty, and K. J. Drabu. "Radiographic assessment of the cement mantle thickness of the femoral stem in total hip replacement: A case study of 112 consecutive implants." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 214, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411001535499.
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The results are reported of a radiographic study of cement mantle thickness in 112 consecutive primary hip replacements. Measurements were made by three observers of the apparent cement thickness medially and laterally using standard anterior-posterior radiographs. The average cement thickness was 3.2 mm, which is 1.2 mm greater than the size difference between the broach and the prosthesis, and was in the range 2–5 mm in 67 per cent of all measurement points. This has significance for the design of instrumentation to prepare the femoral cavity to give a defined cement mantle thickness. There was a greater cement mantle thickness proximally than distally. In 95 cases it was possible to determine the orientation of the stem within the cement mantle, which showed an even distribution between varus and valgus orientation; 49 per cent were within 1 ° of neutral and only one case was more than 5° from neutral.
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Turkoglu, Pinar, and Deniz Sen. "Evaluation of Dual-Cure Resin Cement Polymerization under Different Types and Thicknesses of Monolithic Zirconia." BioMed Research International 2019 (January 9, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4567854.
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Purpose. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the type and thickness of the zirconia material on the microhardness of the underlying dual-cure resin cement. Materials and Methods. Eight disk-shaped zirconia specimens with a 4-mm diameter and four varying thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm) were fabricated from two different monolithic zirconia materials: posterior monolithic zirconia (Prettau) and anterior monolithic zirconia (Prettau Anterior). Dual-cure resin cement specimens with a 4-mm diameter and 5-mm height were prepared using Teflon cylinder molds and activated by light beneath the eight zirconia disks and without any zirconia disk for 20 s (n=12). A total of 108 specimens were embedded in acrylic. Vickers hardness of each specimen was measured at three different depths using a microhardness device with a 50-g load. All data were statistically evaluated using three-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-tests, and Bonferroni corrected post hoc tests (α=.05). Results. Dual-cure resin cement’s microhardness was significantly higher for the samples polymerized beneath anterior monolithic zirconia compared to posterior monolithic zirconia. The hardness decreased as the thickness increased for both types of zirconia; the latter was attributed to an attenuated curing efficiency. Conclusion. Microhardness of the dual-cure resin cement is influenced by both the type and the thickness of the monolithic zirconia restoration. Polymerization efficiency for resin cement cured under anterior monolithic zirconia may be superior to cured beneath posterior monolithic zirconia.
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Kim, Seong-Min, and B. Frank McCullough. "Thickness Tolerance for Portland Cement Concrete Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1896, no. 1 (January 2004): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1896-03.
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Wilson, G. R., and P. M. Davidson. "Full thickness burns from ready-mixed cement." Burns 12, no. 2 (December 1985): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(85)90043-9.
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Anami, LC, JMC Lima, LF Valandro, CJ Kleverlaan, AJ Feilzer, and MA Bottino. "Fatigue Resistance of Y-TZP/Porcelain Crowns is Not Influenced by the Conditioning of the Intaglio Surface." Operative Dentistry 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): E1—E12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/14-166-l.
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SUMMARY Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of treatments of the intaglio surface of Y-TZP frameworks and luting agents on the fatigue resistance of all-ceramic crowns. Methods A research design was chosen that attempted to reduce the likelihood of Hertzian cracking and to increase the probability of fracture initiation at the intaglio surface of the framework. Ninety identical preparations were machined in a dentin-like epoxy composite. Each preparation was restored with a Y-TZP framework made by a CAD/CAM system and veneered using feldspathic ceramic. Prior to cementation the intaglio surface of the ceramic was treated using one of four treatments: 1) cleaning with isopropyl alcohol; 2) application of an overglaze; 3) sandblasting with 125 μm aluminum oxide powder; and 4) sandblasting with 30 μm silica powder (CJ). One of three luting cements were used: 1) zinc phosphate; 2) glass ionomer; and 3) adhesive resin cement (PN). All three cements were tested against frameworks that were alcohol cleaned. Only the PN cements were tested against frameworks that had been sandblasted or glazed. Altogether, six groups of 15 specimens each were tested. Fatigue resistance was evaluated using stepwise loads at 1.4 Hz until failure: 5000 cycles at maximum load of 200 N, followed by 10,000 cycles at maximum loads of 800, 1000, 1200, and 1400 N. The cement thickness and failure modes were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. The results were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier and Mantel-Cox log rank tests (5%), a one-way analysis of variance, Tukey multiple comparison test, and Weibull nonparametric test. Results The predominant failure mode was chipping of the veneer. The crowns cemented with the adhesive resin cement exhibited chipping failure at higher mean loads than did crowns cemented with cements that usually do not bond strongly with dentin. When the adhesive cement was used, glazing and sandblasting intaglio framework surface treatments exhibited lower mean loads at chipping than did crowns whose intaglio surface was only cleaned with alcohol. Weibull analysis indicated that all specimens had a high ratio of late-to-early failures. Conclusions The fatigue experiment produced a pattern of failures that is very similar to that observed in clinical trials of Y-TZP crowns that are veneered with feldspathic porcelain. Crowns cemented with an adhesive resin cement exhibited chipping at a significantly higher mean load than those cemented with luting cements that do not usually form strong bonds with dentin. When cemented with adhesive resin cement, glazing or sandblasting the intaglio surface of the framework significantly reduced the mean fatigue loads at which chipping of veneers occurred, as compared to crowns whose intaglio surface had only been cleaned with alcohol. For this cement glazing or sandblasting the intaglio surface of the crown is not recommended.
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Azevedo Cubas, Gloria Beatriz de, Guilherme Brião Camacho, Flávio Fernando Demarco, and Tatiana Pereira-Cenci. "The Effect of Luting Agents and Ceramic Thickness on the Color Variation of Different Ceramics against a Chromatic Background." European Journal of Dentistry 05, no. 03 (July 2011): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698888.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of various ceramic thicknesses and luting agents on color variation in five ceramic systems. Methods: Fifteen disc-shaped ceramic specimens (11 mm diameter; shade A3) were fabricated with each of the six veneering ceramics tested, with 1, 1.5, or 2 mm thickness (n=5). Resin composite discs (Z-250, shade C4) were used as bases to simulate a chromatic background. The cementation of the veneers was carried out with an opaque resin-based cement (Enforce, shade C4), a resin-based cement (Enforce, shade A3), or without cement (C4, control group). Color differences (ΔE*) were determined using a colorimeter. Three-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data, followed by a Tukey post-hoc test (α=.05). Results: The L*a*b* values of the ceramic systems were affected by both the luting agent and the ceramic thickness (P<.05). In general, there was no difference between the control group and the group using the resin-based cement. The use of an opaque luting agent resulted in an increase of the color coordinates a*, b*, L*, producing differences in ΔE* values for all ceramics tested, regardless of the thickness (P<.05). For the 2-mm thick veneers, higher values in the color parameters were obtained for all ceramics and were independent of the luting agent used. Conclusions: The association of 2-mm thickness with opaque cement presented the strongest masking ability of a dark colored background when compared to a non-opaque Lutinging agent and the other thicknesses tested. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:245-252)
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AGZAMOV, Farit A., Arman KABDUSHEV, Elvira TOKUNOVA, BAUYRZHAN Zh MANAPBAYEV, and Bolat Zh KOZHAGELDI. "MAGNESIA CORROSION OF GROUTING MATERIALS." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 34 (March 20, 2020): 951–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n34.2020.975_p34_pgs_951_961.pdf.
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The issue of magnesia corrosion of grouting materials in oil and gas wells is very relevant in the construction of oil and gas wells since magnesia salts can lead to the destruction of Portland cement-based cement stone within few months. When fastening powerful intervals of salt deposits represented by magnesium salts, the use of magnesia cements is effective. However, individual layers and interlayers containing dissolved magnesium salts are not individually cemented, but overlap over the entire interval of the open hole with cement Portland cement, which can be destroyed due to magnesia corrosion. The main aim of the paper is to analyze the corrosion of Portland cement stone in aggressive environments of magnesia. As the quantitative indicators characterizing the degree of stone damage, the thickness of the damaged layer and the stone resistance coefficient are taken, characterized by the ratio of the compressive strength or bending strength of stone samples after being in an aggressive environment to the strength of control samples at the same hardening time. The corrosion resistance of cement stone was assessed after 8 weeks in an aggressive magnesia environment. Also, the role of MgCl2 concentration on the mechanism of corrosion damage to cement stone was studied. The use of reducing the water-cement ratio and adding palygorskite clay to reduce the porosity of cement stone and reduce the rate of corrosion damage is proposed. The kinetics and the main factors affecting the corrosion process were considered, an X-ray diffraction analysis of corrosion products and unaffected cement stone was carried out.
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Campaner, Larissa Mendes, Alana Barbosa Alves Pinto, Amir Mohidin Demachkia, Tarcísio José de Arruda Paes-Junior, Clóvis Pagani, and Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges. "Influence of Cement Thickness on the Polymerization Shrinkage Stress of Adhesively Cemented Composite Inlays: Photoelastic and Finite Element Analysis." Oral 1, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oral1020017.
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The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of cement thickness on the strain and stresses resulting from the polymerization of resin cement using photoelasticity and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). For this study, twenty upper first premolars with inlay cavity preparation were constructed from photoelastic resin and restored with composite resin inlay. The samples were divided into two groups (n = 10) according to the film thickness of resin cement material. For Group 1, the film thickness was 100 μm; for Group 2, the film thickness was 400 μm. After polymerization of the cement, photoelastic analysis and finite element analysis (FEA) were performed. In the photoelastic analysis, Group 2 showed higher strain with the presence of second-order fringe even after 24 h. In Group 1, the formation of first order fringes was not observed, even after 24 h. In the FEA analysis, the greatest cusp deflection and tensile stress occurred in Group 2 (0.00026 mm and 0.305 MPa, respectively) due to the polymerization shrinkage in the lingual cusp compared to Group 1 (0.000107 mm and 0.210 MPa, respectively). It can be concluded that the thickness of the resin cement influences the cusp deflection, with the greater thickness of the cement layer, the greater stresses and deformations in the tooth structure occur.
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Revie, I. C., M. E. Wallace, and J. F. Orr. "The Effect of PMMA Thickness on Thermal Bone Necrosis around Acetabular Sockets." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 208, no. 1 (March 1994): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095441199420800106.
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One aim of custom acetabular hip replacement sockets is to achieve fixation through a uniform cement layer of selected thickness. In vitro experiments demonstrate that curing temperatures are determined by cement thickness and position relative to the socket rim. A maximum thickness of 7 mm is indicated by interpretation of curing temperature-time relationships in terms of predicted bone necrosis. It is concluded that the results contribute to the establishment of an optimum cement layer thickness, but other factors require investigation to complement this work to gain further understanding of the problem.
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McGoldrick, Niall P., Daniel Fischman, Graeme M. Nicol, Cheryl Kreviazuk, George Grammatopoulos, and Paul E. Beaulé. "Cementing a collarless polished tapered femoral stem through the anterior approach." Bone & Joint Journal 103-B, no. 7 Supple B (July 1, 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.103b7.bjj-2020-2394.r1.
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Aims The aim of this study was to radiologically evaluate the quality of cement mantle and alignment achieved with a polished tapered cemented femoral stem inserted through the anterior approach and compared with the posterior approach. Methods A comparative retrospective study of 115 consecutive hybrid total hip arthroplasties or cemented hemiarthroplasties in 110 patients, performed through anterior (n = 58) or posterior approach (n = 57) using a collarless polished taper-slip femoral stem, was conducted. Cement mantle quality and thickness were assessed in both planes. Radiological outcomes were compared between groups. Results No significant differences were identified between groups in Barrack grade on the anteroposterior (AP) (p = 0.640) or lateral views (p = 0.306), or for alignment on the AP (p = 0.603) or lateral views (p = 0.254). An adequate cement mantle (Barrack A or B) was achieved in 77.6% (anterior group, n = 45) and in 86% (posterior group, n = 49), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed factors associated with unsatisfactory cement mantle (Barrack C or D) included higher BMI, left side, and Dorr Type C morphology. A mean cement mantle thickness of ≥ 2 mm was achieved in all Gruen zones for both approaches. The mean cement mantle was thicker in zone 7 (p < 0.001) and thinner in zone 9 for the anterior approach (p = 0.032). Incidence of cement mantle defects between groups was similar (6.9% (n = 4) vs 8.8% (n = 5), respectively; p = 0.489). Conclusion An adequate cement mantle and good alignment can be achieved using a collarless polished tapered femoral component inserted through the anterior approach. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):46–52.
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Akinmade, A. O., and R. G. Hill. "Influence of cement layer thickness on the adhesive bond strength of polyalkenoate cements." Biomaterials 13, no. 13 (January 1992): 931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(92)90116-6.
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Terrier, Alexandre, Philippe Büchler, and Alain Farron. "Bone–cement interface of the glenoid component: Stress analysis for varying cement thickness." Clinical Biomechanics 20, no. 7 (August 2005): 710–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.03.010.
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Costa, A. K. F., A. C. O. Souza, G. F. S. A. Saavedra, S. A. Feitosa, M. A. Botinno, and A. L. S. B. Borges. "Influence of cement thickness on tension distribution of inlay/cement/dentin adhesive interface." Dental Materials 27 (January 2011): e57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2011.08.533.
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Kyrios, Dean M., E. Steven Duke, and A. Stewart Windeler. "Glass-ionomer cement film thickness and working time." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 62, no. 5 (November 1989): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(89)90074-7.
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Ramos, NC, JN Luz, MC Valera, RM Melo, GSFA Saavedra, and E. Bresciani. "Color Stability of Resin Cements Exposed to Aging." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/18-064-l.
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SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of light-cured and dual-cured resin cements after artificial accelerated aging. Ten specimens (6-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness) for each of five resin cements were prepared: GC (dual-cured cement, GCem), Vb (light-cured cement, Variolink II only the base), Vbc (dual-cured cement, Variolink II base with catalyst), VV (light-cured cement, Variolink Veneer), and FR (flowable resin composite, light cured). The samples were polished and stored in an accelerated artificial aging machine for 308 hours (160 klx), with cycles of 120 minutes under light and 60 minutes in the dark. All aging was carried out in distilled water at 37°C and light irradiation at 765 W/m2. The samples were evaluated in a spectrophotometer before and after aging, and results were calculated according to CIEDE2000. The data were statistically analyzed (one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test, 95% confidence). The results of ΔE00 were statistically significant for the type of cement (p<0.001), with differences among tested groups. Variolink II (base only and base + catalyst) and the flowable resin were the cements with the lowest color variations after the artificial accelerated aging. Considering the values ΔE00 of acceptability and perceptibility, none of the tested cements showed acceptable values.