Academic literature on the topic 'Cement to agggregate proportion'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cement to agggregate proportion"
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Tunio, Zaheer Ahmed, Bashir Ahmed Memon, Noor Ahmed Memon, Nawab Ali Lakho, Mehboob Oad, and Abdul Hafeez Buller. "Effect of Coarse Aggregate Gradation and Water-Cement Ratio on Unit Weight and Compressive Strength of No-fines Concrete." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 1 (2019): 3786–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2576294.
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Self-weight of a structure comprises a major portion of the overall structural load which causes conservative structure design. Reduction of structures’ self-weight is an active area of research today. One of the options is to use lightweight concrete and no-fines concrete is one of its types. This type of concrete is made with coarse aggregates, cement, and water. From the density point of view, it is the lighter concrete compared to normal weight concrete but it exhibits less strength. Normally no-fines concrete is manufactured with uniform size aggregates. The performance of no-fines concrete depends on the cement-aggregate ratio and water-cement (w/c) ratio. This study focuses on investigating experimentally the effect of gradation of coarse aggregates and the w/c ratio on unit weight and compressive strength of no-fines concrete. NFC with two cement-aggregate ratios (1:6 and 1:8) having seven combinations of coarse aggregate gradations (10-5 mm, 16-13mm, 20-16mm, 20-13mm, 20-10mm, 16-10mm and 20-5mm) were studied. Two w/c ratios are considered 0.38 and 0.42. The effect of coarse aggregate gradation, cement-aggregate ratio and w/c ratio are studied in terms of unit weight and compressive strength of NFC. The results reveal the pronounced effect of aggregate gradation on the compressive strength and unit weight of the concrete. Also, a substantial effect on the unit weight and compressive strength is observed with the variation in cement-aggregate ration and the w/c ratio.
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Buller, Abdul Salam, Zaheer Ahmed Tunio, Fahad-ul-Rehman Abro, Tariq Ali, and Karam Ali Jamali. "Influence of Coarse Aggregate Gradation on the Mechnical Properties of Concrete, Part II: No-Fines Vs. Ordinary Concrete." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 5 (2019): 4623–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510144.
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This study aims to investigate the effect of different gradations of coarse aggregates on mechanical properties of nofines concrete (NFC). NFC reduces a structure’s self-weight, thus minimizing cost. The effects of coarse aggregate gradation on mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were studied and compared at the end of 28-day water curing. A fixed cement- to-aggregate proportion 1:6 with 0.5 water/cement (w/c) ratio was adopted. Four gradations of coarse aggregates ranging between specific maximum and minimum size were used, namely 5mm-4mm, 10mm-4mm, 20mm-4mm and 20mm-15mm. The results of this study reveal the substantial effect of the gradation of coarse aggregates on strength properties compressive and tensile strength of NFC.
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Teng, Ai. "Early Strength Fiber Mortar Test Research." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.287.
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This paper proposed experimental research on different proportion of sulphoaluminate cement, the main parameters are: cement matrix, proportion of sulphoaluminate cement in Portland cement. Results show that the compression, rupture strength achieve the best as the proportion of sulphoaluminate cement in Portland cement come to 5%.
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Křížová, Klára, and Rudolf Hela. "Effect of High Proportion of Blended Cement in Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 897 (February 2014): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.897.230.
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The paper is concerned with assessment of blended cement high proportion in mix design of concrete. A long term development of concrete compressive strength and static modulus of elasticity were monitored. The cement proportion reached even 450 kg per m3 of concrete. The high proportion of blended cement was used with aim to obtain declared modulus of elasticity values for the given concrete strength class according to EN 1992-1-1. And just the blended cement influence was positively verified in the long-term development of both monitored parameters.
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Ke, Chang Jun, Qin Hu, Pan Jiang, and Li Zhang. "Optimum Autoclaved Cement Concrete Mix Design Based on Flexural Strength." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.676.
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optimized mix proportion of autoclaved cement concrete by orthogonal test, and studied effect of two type fibers for the flexural strength of autoclaved cement concrete by the mix proportion of autoclaved concrete. The results showed, wollastonite and plant fiber were favorable to increasing the flexural strength of autoclaved cement concrete. Content of wollastonite was about 15% of cement mass, and increase amplitude of the flexural strength was more than 40% and the compressive strength slightly increased for autoclaved cement concrete admixed wollastonite. Content of plant fiber was about 1.5% of cement mass, increase amplitude of the flexural strength was more than 20%, but compressive strength change of autoclaved cement concrete was not significant for autoclaved cement concrete admixed plant fiber.
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Cao, Jing, Fangyi Liu, Zhigang Song, et al. "Effect of Ultra-Fine Cement on the Strength and Microstructure of Humic Acid Containing Cemented Soil." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 5923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075923.
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The peat soil in the Dianchi Lake area of Yunnan, China, is widely distributed, bringing many problems to engineering. The peat soil foundation is usually treated by the cement mixing method, and the reinforcement effect of cemented soil is mainly affected by humic acid (HA). Ultra-fine cement (UFC) can improve cement performance and reduce cement consumption, decreasing CO2 emissions and the impact of human activities on the environment. Simulated peat soils in different environments are prepared with HA reagent and cohesive soil, reinforced by composite cement curing agent mixed with ultrafine cement (UFC). The relationship among the UFC proportion, HA reagent content, soaking time, and sample strength was studied. The unconfined compressive strength test (UCS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and PCAS microscopic quantitative test techniques were used to explore the mechanism of the effect of UFC on the strength of HA-containing cemented soil. The increasing UFC proportion in the composite cement curing agent gradually increased HA-containing cemented soil’s strength. UFC significantly reduced the percentage of macropores in HA-containing cemented soil and made the microstructure denser. The HA-containing cemented soil’s qu increased the most when the UFC proportion increased from 0% to 10%. The solidification effect of the composite cement curing agent mixed with UFC was always stronger than that of OPC. The composite cement curing agent with a UFC proportion of 10% is practical. Cement is still an important building material in the current construction industry, and UFC provides a new method for reducing environmental impact in engineering construction.
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Ding, Sha, Guo Zhi Zhang, and Fei Xiang Chen. "Study on the Mix Proportion Design of C30 Supersulphated Phosphogysum-Slag Cement (SSC) Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1950.
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supersulphated phosphogysum-slag cement (SSC) is a newly developed non-burned cementitious material. It’s mixed and ground with 40%-50% phosphogypsum, 40%-50% ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), 2% steel slag and 4% portland cement clinker. But the component of SSC differs greatly from that of Portland cement, there is few application researches about the SSC. In order to realize resourceful utilization of phosphogypsum, the mix proportion design method of SSC are studied. The mix proportion design method for C30 are systematically studied and a design optimization was carried out. According to the design regulations of mix proportion of ordinary concrete and the characteristics of SSC, the C30 high flowing concrete is prepared, and the optimum water-cement ratio is obtained based on revised Bowromi formula. According to the mix proportion optimization design, the 28d strength of SSC is up to 38.5MPa.
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Maail, Rohny Setiawan, Dede Hermawan, and Yusuf Sudo Hadi. "PAPAN SEMEN-GYPSUM DARI CORE-KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI PENGERASAN AUTOCLAVE." PERENNIAL 2, no. 2 (2006): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/perennial.v2i2.156.
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Cement and gypsum bonded cellulosic fiber reinforced materials are ultimately ideal ecological building products. Their capability to use industrial coproducts and wastes as both their matrix material make its reinforcement also environmentally sustainable products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of proportion cement-gypsum and curing autoclave time on the properties of cement gypsum board from core-kenaf. Three levels of proportion cement and gypsum were applied, namely; 40:60, 50:50, and 60:40, where cements contain at face-back layers and gypsum contain at core layers. Five levels of curing autoclave time were applied, namely ; conventional curing 2 weeks (control), curing autoclave 2, 4, 8, and 16 hours. CaCl2 3% and Borax 2 % was used as an accelerator and retarder. The physical and mechanical properties of cement-gypsum board were observed in according to JIS A 5417-1992. The results show that the physical and mechanical properties were gain on proportion of cement-gypsum 60:40 with 8 hours curing autoclave. Key words : Core-kenaf, Cement-gypsum board, Autoclave References
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Antypas, Imad Rezakalla, and Alexey Gennadyevech Dyachenko. "Study of the Cement Additives Effect on the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Rubber Material." Materiale Plastice 60, no. 3 (2023): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.23.3.5674.
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The materials of the article are devoted to obtaining the material based on a mixture of natural rubber with the refractory cement filler in a certain proportion and the study of its physical and mechanical characteristics. The samples with different cement contents were formed to determine the optimal proportion of cement additives in the mixture. The resulting analysis showed that the material with a cement proportion of 15 (pphr) has the best characteristics, in which an increase in the values of the maximum tensile pressure (8.98 MPa) was achieved, a decrease in the values of elongation, while an increase in the value of hardness and wear resistance, and minimum level of absorption was observed when the samples were immersed in technical oil - by 1.29%.
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Qiu, Zhan Hong, Jin Rong Feng, Lei Xiao, and Zhi Yong Zeng. "Experimental Study of Mix Proportion of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 188 (June 2012): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.188.183.
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Based on the results of compression and bending tests of fifty eight magnesium oxychloride cement test cubes, the influences of two factors on compression and bending strength have been analyzed which includes the mole ratio of magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride and Baum degree of magnesium chloride solution. Softening coefficient of magnesium oxychloride cement and its influence factor have been studied by immersion test of twelve test cubes. The results show when the mole ratio of magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride is 7.0, the strength and water resistance performance of magnesium oxychloride cement is best. This work is very important to the application and dissemination of magnesium oxychloride cement bearing structural member in southern wetter areas of china.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cement to agggregate proportion"
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Chen, Hung-Shing, and 陳泓炘. "Research on the mixture proportion of Low cement High Performence Concrete." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21876393986466438432.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>土木工程研究所<br>83<br>In accordance with the conventional concrete mix design ,a high
cement conten is an important factor required in the
production of high strength concrete . However ,the test
results of concrete made with the dry-mix ∕steam-injection
procedure indicate that concrete made with a low cement
content ( 250 kg/m^3 ) exhibits a high strength in an order
of 60 MPa comparable to those of high strength concretes
made with the wet mix procedure . It is therefore ,
envisioned that the conventional wet mix method may be
improved to make high strength concrete with a low cement
content . The proposed research will be carried out in two
phases involving a theoretical study and an experimental test
. In the first phase , the Kennedy material constitution law
and the surface area method will be examined to optimize
the mix design . In the second phase , different admixtures
such as superplasticizers , water reducing agents and
supplemental cementitious materials will be recorded , of
which the data will be carefully studied to develop an
effective mix technique . The objective of the proposed
project is to conduct a feasibility study on minimizing the
cement content in manufacturing high performence concrete .
In order to provide useful reference for maintainable
research and applied development , it is appropriate to figure
out a mix proportion -ing method for high performence concrete
with a low cement content through analyzing he test results
.
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Tan, Siao-Cih, and 譚筱慈. "The Proportion of Defulsurization/Granulated Slag Recovery on the Concrete Without Portland Cement." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34382375966220541653.
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碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>土木工程與防災科技研究所<br>97<br>Desulfurization slag in the Chinese Steel Company has high pH value and can offer the alkaline environment, promote the hydration rate of slag. It makes concrete without portland cement it in order to use the desulphurization slag to apply to civil construction in a large amount.This research makes cement with slag and desulphurization slag, attempt to add super plasticizer, fly ash and natural coarse aggregate in order to promote the intensity of concrete.Carry on different material tests specifically with powder and aggregate while studying. The powder tests include the specific gravity, specific surface area, micro-structure and properties analyses. Part of the aggregate carries on specific gravity and sieve analyzing. The concrete is by making the volume of the required slump up to 150 mm and also the required compressive strength up to 140kg/cm2. The relationship between component, microstructure and performance was also investigated.
Result of study show, add super plasticizer can improve concrete work degree greatly, add super plasticizer to 0.8% is it adjust water consumption is it collapse degree is it between 150~550 mm, and improve the intensity of concrete indirectly to fall to make to need. super plasticizer is the weight of 0.8% and granulated slag is that 550 kg/m3 makes can be higher than 140 kg/cm2, the low intensity concrete while belonging to.
It is still quite limited to the effect which improves the intensity of concrete to add fly ash and natural coarse aggregate, but have sizable influence to mix nature on the concrete newly.
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LIN, JIA-XIAN, and 林家賢. "Preliminary Study on the Proportion and Performance of Fly Ash Cement Mortar as Adhesive of Post-installed Rebar." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3pgjzk.
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碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>土木工程學系<br>107<br>The main objective of this study is to evaluate, by means of experimental tests, the feasibility of using fly ash cement mortar as the substitute for the commercial adhesives. Firstly, three different mixtures of fly ash cement mortar, A(w/c=0.36), B(w/c=0.48) and C(w/c=0.29), with 1% Polycarboxylate high-performance water-reducing agent were prepared according to the proportion design method proposed in the literature. Referring to the concept of reactive powder concrete (RPC), silica sands were used instead of river sands in these mixtures. Then, the flow test and the compression test of the fly ash cement mortar were carried out and the mortar mixtures with better workability and higher compressive strength could be determined. Each pullout test specimen contains a #3 steel bar implanted into a 15cm-diameter concrete cylinder. The failure mode and the pullout capacity of specimens either under room temperature or after exposure to elevated temperatures were investigated through the pull-out tests. The test results show that the fly ash cement mortar mixture B is not suitable for use as an anchoring material due to its low strength and easy precipitation of aggregates. The results of the pull-out tests after seven days of rebar implantation show that the pullout capacity of rebars installed by both mixtures A and C are better than that of the previous research, and the overall performance of mixture C is the best. After exposure to 400 °C, all the three pull-out test specimens installed by mixture C failed by steel bar fracture, while the specimens under room temperature or after exposure to 600 °C displayed bond failure. Nevertheless, the bonding capacity of the bond failure specimens has almost reached 90% of the fracture strength of the steel bar.
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Lin, Dung-Hung, and 林棟宏. "Mixture Proportion of 0-3 Type Cement-Based Piezoelectric Composites and the Response of Force and Voltage on Concrete Members." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/efccf9.
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博士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>土木工程與防災科技研究所<br>104<br>This research tried to design a cement piezoelectric composite in order to utilize as a health detector sensor in concrete structures. The cement piezoelectric composite was made by equal volume ratio of cement matrix and piezoelectric media with Fuller’s ideal gradation curve design. Temperature treatment processes were used to improve the piezoelectric properties of cement piezoelectric composites. Comparison between the conventional PZT piezoelectric sensor and cement piezoelectric composite sensor were done through three-point bending concrete beam test and beam-column concrete member test.
Three types of mixed aggregate, GC（Coarse Grade）, GM（Medium Grade） and GF（Fine Grade）, were tested for producing cemend piezoelectric composites. The control type, said PP type, was produce by mixing with a single particle size of fine aggregate. In comparison with the material properties in volume density, exposed stone rate and piezoelectric strain constant d33, test results showed that GM type is better than GC and GF types. When comparing the GM type to PP type, volume density and exposed stone rate of GM type are 3.92％ and 5.83％ higher than that of PP type respectively. This result proves Fuller’s ideal gradation curve design can indeed promote volume density and PZT particle tightness of composites. The Young’s modulus and Vickers hardness of GM and PP types composites, E among 23~24GPa and Hv among 150~166, are closer to concrete material (E=23.28Gpa, Hv=150) than PZT (E=70Gpa, Hv=561). It proof that the cement piezoelectric composite has better compatibility to concrete material than PZT. Four temperature processes were used, and the BB process has the best affect to d33 property. Concrete mix design and temperature process enhance the d33 property for 0-3 type cement based PZT composite material because the highest value of d33 in GM type can reach 88.8pc/N, which is about 28.3% higher than d33 in PP type.
GM type cement piezoelectric composite was embedded in the three point bending test-element and beam-column test-element as sensor in two ways. One is GM type cement piezoelectric composite wrapped with cement mortar into a 25mmΦ×10mmH circular shape then embedded into test-element, called mounting way, and the other one is directly embedded into test-element, called contacting way. Tests were completed under linear load, cycling load, and cycling adding load action. Test results showed that all sensor voltages can be measured without signal amplifier under three load conditions, and the force-voltage sensitivities were good. Maximum voltage was measured from pre-mounting way for both three point bending and beam-column tests. In this study, we proof that 0-3 type cement piezoelectric composite is suitable for use in bending or beam-column structures.
GM will make a piezoelectric sensor embedded in the three point bending member and the member beams under linear load, the three point bending member and the member beams in contact with Embedded and Embedded-type cladding type, voltages maximum output; circulating load and pressure cycles under load, whether it is the three point bending member or member beams, GM-contact sensors are embedded in the maximum output voltage. GM in three truck and buried all the way or type of conditions, can be directly measured output voltage value, without passing the signal amplifier and the output voltage of the bending stress force - good electrical sensitivity, display 0-3 cement piezoelectric composites suitable for bending or beam-column structure.
Books on the topic "Cement to agggregate proportion"
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Hanawalt, Barbara A. Ceremony and Civility. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490393.001.0001.
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London’s civic ceremonies marked the relationships between the mayors and the crown, but also between denizens and their government, gild wardens and members, masters and apprentices, and parishioners and their church. London, like all premodern cities, was made up of immigrants. The number of people who were citizens (who enjoyed the “freedom of the city”) was a small proportion of the inhabitants. The newly arrived had to be taught the civic culture of the city so that the city could function peacefully. Ritual and ceremony played a key role in the acculturation process. In a society in which hierarchical authority was most commonly determined by the inheritance of title and office or sanctified by ordination, elected civic officials relied on rituals to cement their authority, power, and dominance. Since the term of office was a year, the election and inauguration of city officials had to be very public, and the robes of office had to distinguish the officers so that everyone would know who they were. Apprentices entering the city to take up a trade were educated in civic culture by their masters. Gilds also provided experience in leadership through gild governance. Again, rituals, oath swearing, and distinctive livery marked their belonging. Those who rebelled against authority and who broke the civic ordinances were made spectacles of through ritual humiliations so that others could learn from their example. At the parish level, and even at the level of the street, civic behavior was taught through example, proclamations, and ballads.
Book chapters on the topic "Cement to agggregate proportion"
1
Guo, Jiaxu, Shaowei Hu, Xuan Zhao, Xiu Tao, and Ying Nie. "Compressive Strength Performance of Additives for Cement-Based Grouting Material with Low Water-Binder Ratio by Response Surface Methodology." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_34.
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AbstractIn order to research the influence and the function mechanism of calcium formate and defoaming agent on the compressive strength of cement-based grouting material with low water-binder ratio at different ages, quadratic polynomial regression models were established by RSM, and the mix proportion was optimized. The function mechanism of additives was analysed by macroscopic mechanical properties and microstructure. The results indicated that the response surface method is scientific in optimizing the mix proportion of cement-based grouting material. The optimal mix proportion was obtained as fallow: the calcium formate was 0.64%, the water-binder ratio was 0.21 and the defoaming agent was 0.26%, with taking 1d, 3d, 28d compressive strength as the optimization objective. Calcium formate is highly significant for the early compressive strength of cement-based grouting materials with low water-binder ratio, while the water-binder ratio and defoaming agent are highly significant for that of the middle and late period. Calcium formate promotes the formation of CSH gel and $$\mathrm{Ca}{\left(\mathrm{OH}\right)}_{2}$$ Ca OH 2 crystallization in the early period, and the defoaming agent can effectively reduce macropores. The results can provide an optimization method for the mix proportion design of cement-based grouting material and a theoretical reference for its mechanical properties.
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Xia, Junwu, Chao Luo, and Enlai Xu. "The Mix Proportion Optimization Design of Coal Gangue Pervious Concrete." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4090-1_34.
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AbstractIn order to improve the strength and permeability of coal gangue pervious concrete, an optimized mix design was conducted. An orthogonal experiment was employed to study the variations of compressive strength and permeability coefficient of coal gangue pervious concrete under the influence of aggregate particle size, water-cement ratio, designed porosity, and dosage of permeable admixture. After obtaining a relatively optimal mix proportion, further discussions were carried out by restricting the values of compressive strength and permeability coefficient to determine the appropriate range for the excess paste content ratio, total porosity, and effective porosity, resulting in the determination of the optimal mix design. Results indicated that the compressive strength reached its maximum at an aggregate particle size of 9.5–16 mm, with minimal impact on the permeability coefficient. As the water-cement ratio increased, the compressive strength gradually increased, while the permeability coefficient slightly decreased within the range of 0.25–0.29, and decreased by 60% within the range of 0.29–0.31. With the increase of designed porosity, the compressive strength gradually decreased, while the permeability performance gradually enhanced.
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Liu, Quanwei, Zhijing Zhu, Weihao Li, et al. "Development and Application of High Permeability and Low Shrinkage Synchronous Grouting Materials." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4090-1_36.
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AbstractIn order to develop a synchronous grouting material with good comprehensive performance, this paper selected cement, fly ash, mineral powder and slag by orthogonal experimental design method to carry out the proportioning test research, which provided the most suitable slurry proportion for engineering construction. The effects of group proportioning on fluidity, compressive and flexural strength, impermeability and volumetric stability were investigated. The results show that the increase of mineral powder content improves the fluidity performance of the system; the slurry nodules with high cement dosage have higher mechanical properties and impermeability; the secondary hydration of fly ash plays a slower role, so it reduces the early strength of the material and increases the late strength; the slag reduces the impermeability and drying shrinkage of the nodules. The research focuses on the characteristics of synchronous grouting in a subway station construction project in Qingdao. It investigates the mechanical and engineering properties of a new type of material and applies it to the field of engineering control. To some extent, this material can replace cement and effectively prevent tunnel water leakage, reduce operation and maintenance costs, and extend the operation and maintenance cycle, showing significant potential for widespread application.
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Klun, Mateja, Jakob Šušteršič, Rok Ercegovič, Matjaž Mikoš, and Andrej Kryžanowski. "Underwater Abrasion Resistance of Fibre Reinforced-Latex Modified Concrete with Granulated Rubber." In Springer Proceedings in Materials. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72955-3_49.
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AbstractIn this paper, we present and discuss the initial results of a large-scale research project involving laboratory and field investigations of abrasion resistance of different types of concrete. The decision to study in more detail the abrasion resistance of fibre-reinforced concrete with granulated rubber was based on the results of previous research projects, as well as on observations on the behaviour of concretes placed in the spillways of hydro power plants loaded with water and water-borne particles. Gravel aggregate, steel, polypropylene fibres, and granulated rubber were used to prepare the concrete. In the fibre-reinforced concretes without granulated rubber, the binding component consisted of cement and silica fume, but when granulated rubber was added, the binding component consisted of cement and a dry proportion of SBR latex. The results obtained by now, at an age of 90 days show that fibre-reinforced concretes with granulated rubber have an improved resistance to underwater abrasion, compared to fibre-reinforced concretes without granulated rubber.
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Praveenkumar, S., G. Sankarasubramanian, and S. Sindhu. "Selecting Optimized Mix Proportion of Bagasse Ash Blended Cement Mortar Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)." In Numerical Optimization in Engineering and Sciences. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3215-3_6.
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Estokova, Adriana, Michaela Smolakova, and Alena Luptakova. "Durability of Cement Mortars with a High Proportion of Mineral Admixture After Bacterial Environment Exposure." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8810-2_4.
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Guo, Liangyu, Fushan Ma, and Binhui Zhao. "Study on the Durability of Manufactured Sand Concrete with the Change of Mix Proportion Parameters." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6238-5_9.
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AbstractCement, aggregate, mineral admixture, concrete admixture, and mixing water were used as the main raw materials to prepare manufactured sand concrete. By adjusting the proportioning parameters of manufactured sand concrete, such as sand ratio and water-cement ratio, the influence of proportioning parameters on the durability of manufactured sand concrete was studied. Experimental results show that when the sand ratio is between 0.38 and 0.44, the mechanism of sand best workability and durability of the concrete strength, the best value for the mechanism of sand concrete, sand ratio range within the scope of the young stage of mechanism sand concrete stress is almost not affected by sand ratio increase, age stage mechanism of sand concrete stress along with the increase in sand ratio decreased significantly; The stress of natural medium sand concrete and manufactured sand concrete increases with the increase in the water-cement ratio, and the compressive strength of manufactured sand concrete is slightly higher than that of ordinary natural sand concrete. When the stone powder content is 10.5%, its filling performance is better, and the frost resistance of mechanized sand concrete can be improved by adjusting the stone powder content. When the powder volume is 158 dm3, the manufactured sand concrete has good workability and the highest durability. The increase in the water-binder ratio will lead to the aggravation of carbonization depth, serious carbonization phenomenon, and reduced durability of machined sand concrete.
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Kępniak, Maja. "Recycled Cement Concrete as an Eco-Friendly Aggregate in Polymer Composite – Application Feasibility." In Springer Proceedings in Materials. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72955-3_20.
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AbstractOver the years, the development of sustainable and ecofriendly concrete has been found in the reuse of construction and demolition materials. One such waste is recycled aggregate from cement concrete structure demolition process. This paper analyzes the effect of substitution of natural stone aggregate with recycled aggregate in polymer composites. An experimental plan for the mixtures was prepared. Technological characteristics (setting course, consistency) and strength characteristics (flexural strength and compressive strength) were analyzed. The obtained results were statistically analyzed. A generalized utility function has been established. Based on it, the maximum dosage of recycled aggregate was determined without significant deterioration of technological and strength characteristics. The average compressive strength results obtained were in the range of 88.5 to 96.5 MPa. The highest compressive strength value (96.5 MPa) was obtained for the samples with the composition with the highest proportion of recycled aggregate.
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Lin, Wei-Ting, Andīna Sprince, Marek Hebda, Gábor Mucsi, An Cheng, and Huang-Hsing Pan. "Feasibility Study of Precoated Binder-Type Electric Arc Furnace Oxidizing Slags as Aggregates for Cement Mortar." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_11.
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AbstractThe study used electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EAFOS) to substitute natural fine aggregates. However, EAFOS replacement may cause volumetric instability. Therefore, a cement, fly ash, or slag layer was coated with EAFOS as a precoated technique. Then, the effect of EAFOS on engineering properties was investigated, and the optimum amount of EAFOS was identified. The amount of coated binders was set at 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% of the weight of EAFOS, and the water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of the coated binders was fixed at 0.50 to 0.20. The proportion of EAFOS replacing fine aggregates was 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, and the w/b of the mortar was fixed at 0.55. The results showed that the proportion of precoated binder was 30% of the EAFOS and the w/b was 0.30. Curing time was up to 28 days, and slag was the appropriate precoated binder. Maximum compressive strengths of mortars made with precoated EAFOS were 42.94 and 56.96 MPa at 7 and 28 days (40% replacement for fine aggregates). The maximum compressive strengths of specimens without coated EAFOS were 36.67 and 47.55 MPa at 7 and 28 days (the identical replacement). The drying shrinkage of 40% precoated slag specimens was 0.054% at 7 days and 0.074% at 28 days. The appearance of the specimens did not reveal any abnormality after 28 days of immersion in water at 70 °C. The precoated technique adopted in this study can be used as a stabilization procedure for replacing natural fine aggregates with EAFOS.
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Li, Kai, Gang Zhao, Ming Jiang, Kuixiang Guo, Yu Cui, and Jinsong Wang. "Study on the Optimization of Proportioning and Mechanism of Polymer Composite Repair Mortar Based on Dual Objectives of Shrinkage and Mechanical Performance." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5814-2_5.
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AbstractThis study aims to optimize the proportion of polymer composite repair mortar, with the objectives of enhancing its mechanical properties and reducing shrinkage, to ensure its application value in non-excavation repair construction of underground sewage pipelines. By taking the dosage of Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC), Cement-based Crystalline Capillary Waterproofing (CCCW), and Polypropylene Fiber (PPF) as key influencing factors, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to design and optimize the proportions for 28-day compressive strength and 7-day shrinkage. The study not only analyzed the impact of the interaction of these factors on the material properties but also conducted microstructure analysis through SEM and XRD to reveal the reinforcement mechanism. The optimization results indicate that the optimal dosages of HPMC, CCCW, and PPF are 0.306%, 0.423%, respectively, achieving the predicted optimal performance, i.e., 28-day compressive strength of 73.6 MPa and 7-day shrinkage of 133.98 μm, with experimental verification errors of 2.3% and 4.5%, respectively. The achievements of this study provide important theoretical basis and practical guidance for developing high-performance, low-shrinkage repair materials, demonstrating the integration of traditional civil engineering practices with modern scientific methodologies, and contributing to the field of construction materials.
Conference papers on the topic "Cement to agggregate proportion"
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Tinnea, Jack, and J. Francis Young. "The Influence of Chemistry and Microstructure on Corrosion Testing of Concrete." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00806.
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Abstract This paper discusses the physical and chemical properties of Portland cement that may influence corrosion testing in concrete. Mix design factors, such as water/cement ratio and aggregate proportion, have a large influence on the transport properties of concrete. Heating and drying of the concrete also impacts transport. An introduction to cement hydration products, microstructure, and capillary pore structure is provided. These several threads are brought together into a discussion of how accelerated laboratory techniques may produce results that differ from what may happen in field situations. It is commonplace to neglect the fact that concrete is a composite material and that the cementitious binding matrix is a chemically active component of the system. This neglect can lead to undesirable sample preparation techniques prior to corrosion testing and inappropriate interpretation of test data. It is the purpose of this paper to provide an introductory tutorial on the chemistry and physics of concrete and to highlight particular material behavior and characteristics that can have a profound impact on corrosion testing. It is our hope that this overview will lead to improved testing protocols and more reliable test data.
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Dhananjaya, M. M. P., P. Gajanan, R. G. T. I. Bandara, and I. M. T. N. Illankoon. "Identification of the optimum replacement ratio of quarry dust as a substitute for sand and cement in cement plastering." In International Symposium on Earth Resources Management & Environment - ISERME 2024. Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Hokkaido University, Japan, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31705/iserme.2024.12.
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River sand and cement are important construction materials, but their scarcity creates significant challenges for the construction industry. Quarry dust is being explored as a possible alternative, as crushed rock is a common aggregate source in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study focuses on determining the possibility of using quarry dust as a partial replacement for cement and river sand in plastering mortar. Selected Manampitiya river sand and quarry dust from four quarries were subjected to sieve analysis (ASTM C136). Four quarry dust samples obtained from two different crusher types (cone crusher and vertical shaft impact crusher) were sieved to separate 0.1-2.36 mm particles and <0.1 mm particles to replace with sand and cement, respectively. Plastering mortar’s cement-sand ratio was selected as 1:5 and developed in 12 mix proportions, varying the replacement of sand with quarry dust (0.1-2.36 mm particles) at 0%, 33%, 50% and 100%, as well as the replacement of cement with quarry dust (<0.1 mm particles) at 0%, 5% and 10%. The flow table test (ASTM C1437) was performed for each mix proportion to obtain the water-cement ratio of plastering mortar, which gives acceptable workability (105-115 mm). Four 50 mm cubic specimens from each mix proportion were prepared according to the obtained water-cement ratio. The cubic compression test (ASTM C109M) and water absorption test (ASTM C140) were performed for the cubic specimens after the completion of the 28-day curing period. Results indicate that the sand and quarry dust samples analysed are poorly graded. An increase in quarry dust in the plastering mortar reduced the workability, but it reached an acceptable range with a water-cement ratio of 1.1-1.2. All tested specimens indicate compressive strength >3 MPa, which was the minimum strength required for plastering. The compressive strength results indicate that the cement replacement can be further increased with 100% sand replacement. The durability of plaster slightly reduces with an increase in quarry dust proportion, indicating a maximum of 2.4% increment in water absorption for a 100% sand-replaced, 10% cement-replaced specimen compared to a specimen made from 100% sand. Furthermore, 100% sand replacement can achieve a cost reduction of 27%. Hence, it is recommended to replace sand 100% with quarry dust 0.1-2.36 mm particles for cement plastering.
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Li, Ming, and Xi-Lan Zhi. "The Concrete proportion design and performance test analysis of slag base cement concrete pavement repair material." In 2017 3rd International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2017). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesm-17.2018.283.
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Mahmoud, Ahmed Abdulhamid, and Salaheldin Elkatatny. "Optimizing Red Mud/Class G Cement Mixture for Lightweight Cement Slurries." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0935.
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ABSTRACT: This study explores the viability of incorporating red mud, an aluminum manufacturing byproduct, into oil well cement production, aiming to enhance sustainability in the oil and gas industry. This comprehensive study employed an array of experimental procedures, constructing cement slurries that combined Saudi Class G cement with red mud in an 85/15 proportion. The intent behind this mixture was to evaluate whether red mud could serve as a sustainable alternative raw material in cement production without compromising quality. To elaborate further, the study's analytical depth involved adjusting the proportions of viscosifiers and fluid loss additives to fine-tune the slurry's characteristics, targeting an optimal balance of viscosity and fluid retention. The goal was to produce a cement slurry with a density of 13.5 pounds per gallon (ppg), which classifies it as a lightweight slurry, often advantageous for shallow casings cementing and cementing across fragile formations. In-depth evaluations were performed to analyze critical aspects of the slurry, namely its rheological behavior, free water content, and thickening time. Initial findings pointed out that when only Class G cement and red mud were used, the resulting material properties did not meet industry expectations. However, upon the strategic addition of viscosifiers and fluid loss additives to the slurry formula, a marked improvement in slurry performance was observed, meeting the stringent standards for oil well cements. These enhancements are significant as they demonstrate the potential role of red mud in creating more eco-friendly cementing solutions that do not sacrifice quality or performance. The research thus puts forward red mud as a credible, sustainable component in oil and gas sector. 1. INTRODUCTION The rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), a significant contributor to the Earth's greenhouse effect, are causing widespread concern due to their role in exacerbating global warming and the resulting shifts in climate patterns (Markewitz et al., 2012). This troubling trend has highlighted the urgent need for effective CO2 management strategies to address the growing environmental impact. Consequently, the international community is increasingly focusing on how to best dispose of this potent greenhouse gas (Ahmed Ali et al., 2020; Lal, 2004; Patrinos & Bradley, 2009; Weiss, 2021). The oil and gas industry stands at a crossroads, compelled by environmental concerns and economic imperatives to seek innovative solutions that balance sustainability with operational efficiency (Chernova et al., 2021; Jafarinejad, 2017; Skea, 1992). Cement plays a critical role in oil well construction, providing structural integrity and zonal isolation. However, conventional cement production methods rely heavily on finite natural resources, often resulting in significant environmental impact (Al-Dadi et al., 2014; Chen et al., 2010; Habert, 2014; Mohamad et al., 2022). In this context, the exploration of alternative raw materials becomes imperative to mitigate environmental degradation and enhance resource efficiency (Ali et al., 2023; Fakher et al., 2023; Mahmoud & Elkatatny, 2020).
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Zhao, LianDi, RenShan Chen, ZhiZhong Zhao, Jin Li, and Wei Zhang. "Design and Application of Mix Proportion of Fully Recycled and Pervious Cement Concrete for the Haze Removal Pavement." In 20th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482933.077.
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Kumar, Animesh, Devesh Bhaisora, and Mikhil Dange. "Effect of Nanocellulose in Cement Systems." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207919-ms.
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Abstract Cellulose, the one of the most abundant biomaterials available in nature, is a polymer with cellobiose as the smallest repeating unit, with a degree of polymerization that can go up to 1000 for wood cellulose. The strength-to-weight ratio of nanocellulose is eight times greater than steel (Patchiya Phanthong et al). Nanocellulose in suspension (NCS) at a varied concentration helps increase properties of cement without changing the density of the cement slurry. Being mindful of challenges in oil and gas wells, efforts were made to enhance cement properties using nanocellulose within conventional and water-extended cement systems. Samples of 15.8-ppg conventional and 12 ppg water-extended cements were prepared by varying the proportion of nanocellulose within an aqueous suspension. Rheology, sedimentation, compressive strength and mechanical properties were analyzed for a conventional 15.8-ppg cement system with varying NCS proportions of 0, 2, 4, and 5% by weight of cement (BWOC). Similar work was performed for a 12 ppg water-extended cement system by varying NCS differently in proportions of 0, 5, 10, and 20% BWOC. Two-inch cubes were set at 170°F for 24 hours for each sample. They were crushed using hydraulic crush compressive strength equipment, and the force used to break the sample was recorded. Compressive strength for this cement system was measured to be 2450, 3250, 3450, and 3875 psi, respectively, for samples with 0, 2, 4, and 5% BWOC concentrations of NCS. An increase in the strength of cement with an increase in NCS percentage was observed for the 15.8-ppg slurry design, which may be attributed to the size and shape of the NCS. However, similar study carried out with 12 ppg water extended slurries showed decrease in overall compressive strength. Nano-sized particles fill the pores within the sample, impacting structural network development. Additionally, cellulose, having a fiber-like structure, may provide inter-particulate reinforcement. Based on the results of the 15.8-ppg cement system and the high tensile strength of nanocellulose, it can be determined that NCS has a positive effect for increasing mechanical properties. By applying nanocellulose, a tailored cement system (dependable barrier) can be designed to minimize risk and maximize production from oil and gas wells. Nanocellulose is of increasing interest for a range of applications relevant to the fields of material science and biomedical engineering because of its renewable nature, anisotropic shape, excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, tailorable surface chemistry, and interesting optical properties. Low-volume NCS additions can alter the structure of the cured cement system and increase its mechanical properties. This reinforcing mechanism may provide a new opportunity for achieving higher strength cementitious materials.
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Sicakova, Alena, and Marek Kovac. "Contribution to the Optimization of Quantitative and Qualitative Parameters of the Composition of Slag Aggregate Permeable Concrete." In Non-Traditional Cement and Concrete 2023 conference. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-p54ftm.
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Pervious concrete is considered an advanced pavement material in terms of environmental benefits resulting from its basic feature - high water permeability. While natural aggregate is a standard component for permeable concrete production, the paper presents the potential of air-cooled blast furnace slag aggregate. The aggregate is specific for its open internal structure and at the same time high hardness and strength, which was assumed to be advantageous for this type of concrete. As permeable concrete is characterized by a specific structure and low amount of binder, it needs for optimization of kind and composition of aggregate, as well as the quantity and quality of the binder. In the experiment, following variables of composition were applied: a ratio of binder to aggregate b/a (0.28 and 0.36), a ratio of fine to coarse aggregate f/c (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3), and a set of blended cements. Experimental results point to the specific benefit of slag aggregate for permeable concrete production. The values of total porosity (30-38%) and permeability (4.6-17.5 mm/s) are higher than those recommended by most publications, as well as than those of concretes with natural aggregates. The compressive strength runs from 7.5 MPa to 15.0 MPa depending on the variables, while the effect of fine aggregate portion on both compressive strength and hydraulic conductivity is found to be much greater than that of the amount of binder. An important aspect is that, due to the nature of the aggregate, sufficient permeability is maintained even with higher proportion of fines. The range and variance values of the individual properties indicate that a change in the quality of the binder causes less variation in the results than a change in the composition of the mixtures.
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"Experimental and Analysis of Adding Silicon and Titanium Carbide Nanoparticles to the Cement PasteExperimental and Analysis of Adding Silicon and Titanium Carbide Nanoparticles to the Cement Paste." In The International Conference on scientific innovations in Science, Technology, and Management. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59544/sgkg8201/ngcesi23p54.
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Now days the use of nanoparticles in the construction field will increase. The nanoparticles help to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete. Nano powder can improve the mechanical properties of cement paste due to accelerating the formation of small sized crystals. The study focus on the structural changes of cement paste when adding Sic and Tic nanoparticles as admixtures in different proportion. Scanning Electron Microscopy and energy dispactive spectroscopy have been employed in identifying the structural changes in nanoparticles modified paste. Silicon carbide (SiC), also known as carborundum. It is hard chemical a compound containing silicon and carbon. A semiconductor, it occurs in nature as the extremely rare mineral moissanite. SiC also has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion (4.0 × 10-6/K) and experiences X no phase transitions that would cause discontinuities in thermal expansion. Which accessories the strength of concrete. Titanium carbide, TiC, is an extremely hard (Mohs 9-9.5) refractory ceramic material, similar to tungsten carbide. It has the appearance of black powder with the sodium chloride (face-centered cubic) crystal structure. Its crystals as found in nature range in size from 0.1 to 0.3 m. Titanium carbide is used in preparation of cermets, which are frequently used to machine steel materials at high cutting speed.Increase the strength of cement paste, Enhance the mechanical properties,Enhance the physical properties.
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"Experimental Study on Fly-Ash Aggregate as a Lightweight Filler in a Structural Element." In Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901618-21.
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Abstract. Light-weight structures are widely used in the construction field. Light-weight fillers such as aggregates can be used to improve weightless structures. Generally, standard aggregates cannot be used to attain the desired weight for light-weight structures. To determine a light-weight filler, the aggregates are made by using fly-ash along with cement mortar. Fly ash was collected from the Mettur Thermal power plant. Cement and fly-ash were mixed in a concrete mixer in a proportion of 30:70 with a water-cement ratio of 0.3 and it is mixed until the pellets are formed. The aggregates are replaced at different percentages such as 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% respectively to the coarse aggregate. The properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength were taken. The maximum strength was attained at 30% of fly-ash aggregate with a compressive strength of 46.47 N/mm2, split tensile strength of 14.85 N/mm2 and flexural strength of 3.80 N/mm2.
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Ahmed, Abdulmalek, Ahmed Abdulhamid Mahmoud, Salaheldin Elkatatny, Rahul Gajbhiye, and Abdulaziz Al Majed. "Application of Tire Waste Material to Enhance the Properties of Saudi Class G Oil Well Cement." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204788-ms.
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Abstract Cementing is an important operation for the integrity of the wellbore due to its role in providing several functions. To perform these functions, a high performance cement is required. Different types of additives and materials have been added to the cement slurry to improve its performance. Tire waste material is considered one of the greatest wastes globally. It is a dangerous material to the environment and human. Subsequently, it has been included in many industrial processes to reduce its hazards. This work evaluated the application of tire waste material in oil and gas industry to improve the properties of Saudi class G oil well cement. Two cement slurries were formulated under high pressure and high temperature of 3000 psi and 292 °F, respectively. The first slurry was the base cement without tire waste and the second slurry contained the tire waste. The effect of using the two slurries on the cement properties such as density variation, compressive strength plastic viscosity, Poisson's ratio and porosity was evaluated. The results showed that, when tire waste material was used, lower density variation was accomplished. Using tire waste was efficient to decrease the density variation to an extremely low proportion of 0.5%. Adding tire waste to the cement composition decreased its plastic viscosity by 53.1%. The tire waste cement sample had a higher Poisson's ratio than the base cement sample by 14.3%. Utilizing the tire waste improved the cement's compressive strength by 48.3%. The cement porosity was declined by 23.1% after adding the tire waste. Beside the property's enhancement in the cement, the application of tire waste has also an economical advantage, since it is inexpensive material which is influential in our daily life.
Reports on the topic "Cement to agggregate proportion"
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Burroughs, Jedadiah, Jason Weiss, and John Haddock. Influence of high volumes of silica fume on the rheological behavior of oil well cement pastes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41288.
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Specialized classes of concrete, such as ultra-high-performance concrete, use volumes of silica fume in concrete that are higher than those in conventional concrete, resulting in increased water demand and mixing difficulty. This study considered the effects of eight different silica fumes in three dosages (10%, 20%, 30%) with three w/b (0.20, 0.30, 0.45) on rheological behavior as characterized by the Herschel-Bulkley model. Results indicated that the specific source of silica fume used, in addition to dosage and w/b, had a significant effect on the rheological behavior. As such, all silica fumes cannot be treated as equivalent or be directly substituted one for another without modification of the mixture proportion. The rheology of cement pastes is significantly affected by the physical properties of silica fume more so than any chemical effects.