Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cendres d'incinération des boues'
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Roland, Cécile. "Aptitude à la valorisation des cendres d'incinération des boues de l'assainissement collectif." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENPC0218.
Full textChen, Maozhe. "Faisabilité technique et environnementale de l'utilisation dans des matériaux de construction cimentaires de cendres d'incinération de boues de station d'épuration." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759490.
Full textBournonville, Blandine. "Stabilisation des métaux lourds dans les cendres volantes d'incinération-comportement rhéologique, cinétique de phosphatation et évaluation du procédé." Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP0471.
Full textA chemical treatment based on phosphoric acid applied to two municipal waste incinerator fly ashes (FA) is described. The aim is to stabilise the heavy metals by insolubilisation in phosphate form. Insoluble calcium phosphates can incorporate heavy metals in their matrix yielding safer materials for storage or beneficial reuse. Rheological measurements show fluidifying behaviour for the water-ashes suspensions. The laboratory rheometer results are confirmed at larger scale with a helicoidal geometry mixer in a rheoreactor. Phosphoric acid reacts with FA exothermically with rapid kinetics of the dissolution-precipitation type with chemical reaction control. Model kinetic studies of major components alone reveal that FA react with phosphoric acid mainly as calcium carbonate does. The physico-chemical properties and mineralogy of the starting ashes and final reaction products are compared. Precipitated calcium phosphates coat the inert particles and effectively retain heavy métals
Joseph, Claude-Alla. "Potentiel de recyclage agricole des boues d'épuration et des cendres de combustion des boues municipales ou agroalimentaires en Amérique du Nord." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36796.
Full textBiosolids and sludges incinerated ashes (SIA) are valuables sources of nutrients (N, P) and organics matter. During the last decades, a considerable amount of research has been done on biosolids nutrients availability after their application onto agricultural land. But these studies are focused on specific products and performed under different experimental conditions, generating very different results. Therefore, so far, no model has been proposed to predict nitrogen and phosphorus plant availability for biosolids land application. Although the chemical characterization of SIA has been widely examined, there are only a few studies regarding crop responses to this source of P. This study has generated prediction models to evaluate nitrogen and phosphorus plant availability in these products in order to improve their agricultural recycling and avoid environmental risks of pollution. Data were collected from national and international literature in order to design two models to assess and classify nitrogen and phosphorus availability in SIA. Twelve SIA from mono-incinerators located in Canada and the USA were tested for their fertilizing potential in a greenhouse experiment. Then, random forest modeling was used to find out an indicator of prediction of SIA phosphorus availability. Depending on the C/N ratio of non-composted by-products, six categories were defined. i) high mineralization: +66 % relative N effectiveness (RNE) and 5 ≤ C/N, ii) moderate mineralization: +33 % RNE and 5 < C/N ≤ 16, iii) low mineralization: +9 % RNE and 16 < C/N ≤ 38, iv) low immobilization: −9% RNE and 38 < C/N ≤ 90, v) moderate immobilization: −27 % RNE and 90 < C/N ≤ 140, and vi) high immobilization: −55 % RNE and C/N > 140. According to the total molar concentration of Al and Fe in biosolids, phosphorus availability were divided into 4 classes: i) very high (230-400 mmol kg-1), ii) high (401-1100 mmol kg-1), iii) medium (1101-2800 mmol kg-1), and, iv), and low (2801-5132 mmol kg-1). The biomass increases following an SIA application were as high as 29 % and 59 % more than the control for the sandy loam and clayey soil, respectively, but 40% less than for the triple super phosphate (TSP), for both soils. The ray-grass biomass and P uptake increases due to SIA applications were larger than those of rock phosphate (RP) application in the clayey soil, but similar to those in the sandy loam soil. A similar behavior was observed for P uptake, with a maximum increase of 26 % for the clayey soil, and 165 % for the sandy loam soil. The SIA with a PSP of ≥ 54% significantly increased soil available P stocks and saturation. The random forest modeling shows that oxalate extraction is a practical indicator of prediction of SIA phosphorus availability. Also, this modeling shows that SIA Al content is the most influent factor of this availability.
Xie, Ailing. "Caractérisation des cendres des boues de désencrage et ses applications potentielles dans le béton." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1515.
Full textChen, Xiaoqin. "Vaporisation réactive à haute température dans les procédés plasmas : application à la vitrification de cendres volantes d'incinération d'ordures ménagères." Perpignan, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PERP0215.
Full textDe, Boom Aurore. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un procédé de valorisation des cendres volantes et des résidus d'épuration des fumées d'incinération d'ordures ménagères." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210246.
Full textLes recherches présentées ici s’inscrivent dans cette tendance nouvelle et visent l’élaboration d’un procédé combinant traitement et valorisation des REFIOM.
Les REFIOM représentent en fait différents types de résidus provenant des installations que rencontrent les fumées issues de l’incinération des déchets. La composition des résidus diffère selon leur origine. Il est dès lors apparu essentiel de considérer chaque type de résidu séparément et de poursuivre l’élaboration d’un traitement sur un seul type de REFIOM. Nous avons choisi de concentrer les recherches sur les Cendres Volantes de Chaudière (CVC), ces résidus se retrouvant dans tout incinérateur.
Le traitement des CVC est basé sur l’extraction de fractions valorisables et la séparation de fractions contaminées, permettant d’obtenir des résidus acceptables en décharge ou, idéalement eux-mêmes valorisables.
Une séparation magnétique permet d’extraire environ 10% en poids des CVC mais ne semble pas exploitable dans le cadre du traitement des CVC car les particules magnétiques contiennent des impuretés (composés non magnétiques) et que le résidu final reste contaminé.
Une étude de la répartition des éléments en fonction de la taille des particules (granulochimie) est effectuée sur les CVC. Il apparaît intéressant de séparer la fraction inférieure à 38 µm obtenue lors d’une séparation granulométrique, effectuée en voie humide en utilisant une solution dense. En effet, cette fraction semble être nettement plus contaminée en Pb (soluble) que le reste des CVC. Une telle séparation constitue dès lors la première étape du traitement des CVC. Elle est suivie par des étapes de lavage des fractions obtenues, visant à extraire les sels solubles (chlorures et métaux). Les lavages sont envisagés à contre-courant afin d’utiliser au mieux l’eau de lavage. Une recirculation interne des solutions est également prévue, de sorte que, théoriquement, le procédé ne génère pas d’effluents liquides. Une étape de précipitation de composés métalliques (PbS dans ce cas-ci) est prévue après le lavage des boues.
Le procédé de traitement des CVC produirait ainsi des boues et des granulats décontaminés, des sels et des précipités métalliques. Seules certaines étapes du procédé ont été investiguées en laboratoire ;des essais supplémentaires sont encore nécessaires pour optimiser chaque étape, comprendre les phénomènes physico-chimiques qui se produisent et assurer des filières de valorisation.
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Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) fly ashes and Air Pollution Control (APC) residues are considered as hazardous waste according to the limits for the acceptance of waste at landfills, because high amounts of chlorides and heavy metals leach from the solids when those are in contact with water. These residues have thus to be treated before they can be accepted in landfill. Several treatments aim to limit the leaching of the residues. Beside these treatments, some research works go further the treatment and consider the valorisation of MSWI fly ashes and APC residues, e.a. in cementitious materials.
The present work follows the new trend and aims to build up a process that combines treatment and valorisation of MSWI fly ashes and APC residues.
MSWI fly ashes and APC residues come from the devices encountered by the flue gases from waste incineration. The residues composition differs according to their origin. It seems thus essential to consider each type of residues separately and to develop the treatment only on one sort of residue. Boiler Fly Ashes (BFA) were chosen because they exist in every modern MSWI plant.
The BFA treatment is based on the extraction of valorisable fractions and on the separation of contaminated fractions, which makes the final residues less hazardous; these final residues would then be acceptable in landfill, or, even better, be valorisable.
A magnetic sorting extracts ~10% (wt.) of BFA; however, such a separation would not be useful in a treatment process because the magnetic particles contain some impurities (non magnetic particles) and the final residue is still hazardous.
The repartition of the elements according to the particles size has been studied on BFA. It seems interesting to separate the BFA at 38 µm by a wet sieving process using a dense solution. The lower fraction presents a higher contamination in Pb (soluble) than the larger. Consequently, the first step of the BFA treatment consists of a wet sieving. Washing steps follow the sieving and aim to extract soluble salts (chlorides, heavy metals). These washings work in a counter-current way to optimise the use of water. The solutions are recycled in the process, which implies the absence of liquid effluents. A precipitation step of some metallic compounds (PbS in this case) is foreseen after the washing of the lower fraction.
The BFA treatment process would produce decontaminated sludge and coarse fractions, salts and metallic compounds. Some steps of the process have been investigated at lab-scale; further studies are necessary to optimise each step, to understand the observed reactions and to guarantee valorisation channels.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rousseau, Pascal. "Protocole d'analyse en ligne de molécules chimisorbées sur cendres par procédé plasma hors équilibre en lit fluidisé : applications aux cendres volantes issues d'incinérateurs industriels." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066582.
Full textRoby, Julie. "Propriétés de bétons de cendres volantes provenant de l'incinération des boues de désencrage des usines de cogénération." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1627.
Full textElayadi, Dounya Tiruta-Barna Ligia Bouamrane Ahmed. "Caractérisation physico-chimique et valorisation en bâtiment et travaux publics des cendres issues de l'incinération des boues de papeterie." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2006. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=chahidi_elouazzani.
Full textElayadi, Dounya. "Caractérisation physico-chimique et valorisation en bâtiment et travaux publics des cendres issues de l'incinération des boues de papeterie." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0086/these.pdf.
Full textThe Production of the considerable quantities of paper sludges mainly resulting from the operations of de-inking and waste water treatments encourages the industrialists and the authorities to develop new ways of valorization. Accordingly, the valorization of paper sludges in the public works and building trade to partially substitue the cement is the objective of this work. The methodology adopted in order to appreciate the relevance of this way comprises several stages. The first is the characterization of the physico-chemical properties of rough waste. Then two studies undertaken in parallel follow, but from which the goals are different: a technological study, in ordre to evaluate the influence of waste on the mechanical properties of building materials, and an environmental study, concerning the quantification of the impact of waste on the environment. The results of the selected tests of leaching (CNA and TLM) made it possible to feed the parameters of entry of the physico-chemical models and transfer of matter for the simulation of the leaching behaviour. The consistency between the experimental and simulated results proves that the geochemical models and the coupling geochemistry-transport describe well the release out of the chemical species contained in materials. Geochemical and coupled modelling geochemistry-transport confirmed that the leaching of the mortars containing paper sludges calcined at 700°C is similar with that of a "common" mortar of stabilized material
Fraval, Sylvie. "Mise au point d'une nouvelle filière de traitement des eaux de lavage de fumées d'incinération." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_FRAVAL_S.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work was to define a treatment process of flue gas cleaning wastewater from household refuses or industrial wastes incineration. Different synthetic wastewaters were used to determine the optimal heavy metal removal conditions using sodium carbonate and silicate as the two reactive agents in a new synthetic material. The solid and liquid phases characterized by fine analytical methods allowed to precise the removal mechanisms of several pollutants. Ln the solid phase, the soluble silicates reacted with diverse cations to form amorphous silicates however no silica were found. Microfiltration membrane was used as a solid/liquid separation technique. After treatment, the solid phase presented higher concentrations than traditional sedimentation techniques, communly used in this field. The filtrate physical-chemical characteristics complied with aIl quality standards for discharge in the environment. The sludges dewatering process lead to a pasty waste. Its pollutant potential and stability were estimated by using two leaching tests. The data showed that the different solid phases were involved in dissolution and precipitation mechanisms. This study has highlighted a new flue gas cleaning wastewater chain that is more efficient and easier of usage than the present industrial process
Mejdi, Mehdi. "Compréhension des mécanismes d'hydratation des ciments composés incorporant de la poudre de verre ou des cendres de boues d'épuration calcinées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2019/TH2019PESC2037.
Full textWith the increasing environmental concerns linked to clinker production, finding alternatives for a more efficient and sustainable construction became a necessity. With this aim in mind, several types of by-products can benefice from a rising interest in the construction field, as a potential cement substitute. These materials deserve to be considered, not only for their advantageous environmental aspects, but also for their potential regarding some concrete degradations. This is the cases of fly ash, silica fume and blast furnace slag that proved a compatibility with cement materials and are nowadays used in standardized context. However, even though extending this list allows responding to a real need while valuing local waste; this alternative does not seem to be fully exploited. On the one hand, an optimal use of novel materials involve an improved understanding of their reaction mechanisms in cementitious matrices. On the other hand, the lack of field data regarding long term performance and sustainability makes their use on an industrial scale difficult. This thesis follows this perceptive and aims to strengthen the knowledge related to the reaction mechanisms of alternative supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). More specifically, this research investigates the physico-chemical properties of glass powder (GP) and sewage sludge ashes (SSA) and their influence on the macroscopic properties of mortar and concrete. An experimental program is designed to monitor the reactions of these additions and the evolution of the microstructural features constituting the cementitious matrix. To achieve this end, state-of-art approaches, based on an X-Ray diffraction (Rietveld-PONKCS) and Quantitative Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-QEDS), allowed to determine (i) the degree of reaction of amorphous SCMs, (ii) the composition of calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-(A)-S-H), and finally (iii) the phase assemblage of hydrating blended cements. After that, the experimental observations are confronted with thermodynamic modelling results. The proposed methodology can be eventually used to assess the use of other by-products as a cement component. The replacement of cement by GP is shown to refine the microstructure and improve the durability of concrete. This comes from the formation of sodium rich C-S-H with a low Ca/Si ratio compared to Portland cement. In the case of SSA, the aluminium, introduced by the dissolution of its amorphous phase, promotes the formation of monocarboaluminates. For substitution rates up to 20%, the mechanical characteristics of mortars are not significantly affected. Finally, a discussion on the durability of these materials in conditions involving sulphur compounds is initiated is presented
Xie, Ailing. "Optimization of wastepaper sludge ash (WSA) in robust cementitious systems." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8859.
Full textRésumé : Les cendres de boues de désencrage (CBD) sont générées par une centrale de cogénération par combustion boues de désencrage. Ils se composent principalement de phase amorphe d'aluminosilicate, anhydrite, gehlenite, calcite, chaux, C2S, C3A, quartz, anorthite, des traces de mayénite. En raison de leur teneur en chaux libre (~ 10%), CBD ont un pH élevé (13). Les chercheurs précédents ont montré que la composition des CDB a une mauvaise robustesse et les variations conduisent à une certaine inconsistance pour le béton avec un mélange de ciment Portland (CP) et des CBD. Cette thèse a porté sur l'utilisation des CBD dans différents types de mélanges de béton pour éviter l'effet délétère de l'expansion due à l'hydratation des CBD. Par conséquent, les CBD ont été utilisées dans la fabrication des matériaux à activation alcaline (MAA), en tant que source précurseur et comme activateur potentiel en tenant compte de sa teneur en matière amorphe et la nature très alcaline des CBD. De plus, le retrait endogène du béton avec CP à faible rapport E/L a été utilisé afin de compenser l'effet d'expansion en raison des CBD. Les propriétés du béton ainsi que le changement de volume ont été étudiés pour le béton mélangé avec des CBD modifiés. Le mécanisme réactionnel et la microstructure du liant nouvellement formé a été évaluée par la diffraction aux rayons X diffraction (DRX), calorimétrie, l'analyse thermogravimétrique (ATG), microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) et spectroscopie à dispersion d'énergie aux rayons X (DEX). Quand les CBD ont été utilisés comme précurseur, les résultats ont montré des réactions incompatibles entre CBD et une solution alcaline. Les mélanges ne sont pas maniables et donnent de très faibles résistances en compression, peu importe le type d'activateurs chimiques utilisés. Cela est dû à l'aluminium métallique dans les CBD, qui permet de libérer de l'hydrogène gazeux en abondance quand les CBD réagissent avec une solution alcaline forte. D'ailleurs, les résultats de ces recherches ont montré que les CBD peuvent activer la phase amorphe contenue dans le laitier, poudre de verre (PV) et les cendres volantes de classe F (CVF) avec un rapport de mélange optimal de 50:50. Un mortier avec un rapport massique 50:50 de CBD et de laitier (E/L de 0,47) atteint 46 MPa à 28 jours sans l’aide d’un murissement à chaud. Une prise rapide significative a été notée pour le liant CBD activé en raison de la phase C3A, chaux libre et l’aluminium métallique impliqué dans les CBD. L’ajout de 5% de gypse peut retarder la prise rapide, mais augmente grandement le risque potentiel de l’attaque au sulfate interne. Le DRX, ATG et l’analyse calorimétrique ont démontré la formation d'ettringite, C-S-H, la portlandite, hydrogrenat et carboaluminate de calcium dans le liant hydraté. Les différentes performances mécaniques du liant ont été étroitement liées à la microstructure correspondante qui a été prouvée par le MEB. Les liants hydratés CBD/laitier et CBD/CVF ont formé un type de gel C-A-S-H avec un faible rapport Ca/Si (0,47 ~ 1,6). On a observé un gel hybride (à savoir C-N-A-S-H) pour le liant CBD/PV avec un des très faibles rapports Ca/Si (0,26) et Na/Si (0,03). Les analyses MEB/DRX ont montré une formation de gel expansive (d’ettringite et de thaumasite) dans le gypse ajouté au béton avec les CBD et le laitier. L'émission progressive de l'hydrogène gazeux en raison de la réaction des CBD dans un environnement alcaline a augmenté la porosité et la dégradation de la microstructure de matrice hydratée après la prise. Dans la dernière phase de cette recherche, le liant avec un mélange de CBD et de CP a été développé pour former un retrait autogène élevé, afin de compenser l'expansion initiale. Différents liants ont été préparés avec le CP, CBD, la fumée de silice ou du laitier. La microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques du béton peuvent être améliorées en diminuant les rapports E/L et en incorporant la fumée de silice ou du laitier. La résistance en compression à 28 jours du béton aux CBD était supérieure à 22 MPa et atteint 45MPa lorsqu'on a ajouté de la fumée de silice. Le béton avec du CP incorporant de la fumée de silice ou du laitier ont tendance à développer un retrait endogène plus élevée à de faibles rapports E/L, et donc le liant ternaire avec l'ajout des CBD réduit le retrait à long terme en raison de la propriété d’expansion initiale des CBD. Dans l'essai de retrait empêché, l'anneau en béton incorporant le liant ternaire (CP/CBD/laitier) a révélé un potentiel négligeable à la fissuration jusqu'à 96 jours en raison de l'effet de décalage de l'expansion des CBD. Des liants modifiés avec des CBD peuvent être utilisés dans des mélanges de béton ordinaire pour des applications potentielles avec des expansions réduites, des bonnes propriétés mécaniques et une faible perméabilité.
Le, Gléau Florent. "Étude d'un dispositif de traitement de fumées issues de l’incinération de déchets industriels spéciaux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10118/document.
Full textThermal valorisation of meat and bone meal (MBM) by incineration generates combustion gases that are treated to respect atmospheric emission regulations. This thesis is about MBM and sewage sludge co-incineration in an industrial plant. Measurements have been made to determine the chemical composition of the gaseous (O2, CO2, H2O, NOx, SO2, HCl, NH3) and solid phases (C, H, O, N, S, Cl, Na, K, Ca, P, Fe, Si) in all inlets and outlets. A mass flow evaluation method is proposed and a material balance is performed. The final wastes of incineration consist of ashes and air pollution control residues (APCR), representing about 25 % of the incinerated mass. The ashes are mainly composed of calcium phosphates and the APCR are mainly Na-based salts. The efficiency of the acid gases and NOx treatment is estimated. The treatment includes sodium bicarbonate neutralisation and catalytic reduction by urea, carried out on two parallel pathways equipped with catalytic or non-catalytic ceramic filters. To complete the understanding of physico chemical reactions in the filtering cake, tests of SO2 absorption by Na2CO3, at 250 °C and 300 °C where performed in a laboratory reactor, showing the influence of temperature and particularly humidity. A modelling of the SO2 absorption by Na2CO3 is proposed, based on an absorption site number decrease with the surface recovering
Jerban, Majid. "Performance of concrete incorporating amorphous silica residue and biomass fly ash." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9807.
Full textAbstract : Cement manufacturing industry is one of the carbon dioxide emitting sources. The global cement industry contributes about 7% of greenhouse gas emission to the earth’s atmosphere. In order to address environmental effects associated with cement manufacturing and constantly depleting natural resources, there is necessity to develop alternative binders to make sustainable concrete. Thus, many industrial by-products have been used to partially substitute cement in order to generate more economic and durable concrete. The performance of a cement additive depends on kinetics hydration and synergy between additions and Portland cement. In this project, two industrial by-products are investigated as alternative supplementary cementitious materials (ASCMs), non-toxic amorphous silica residue (AmSR) and wastepaper sludge ash (WSA). AmSR is by-product of production of magnesium from Alliance Magnesium near of Asbestos and Thetford Mines Cities, and wastepaper sludge ash is by-product of combustion of de-inking sludge, bark and residues of woods in fluidized-bed system from Brompton mill located near Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. The AmSR is new industrial by-products. Recently, wastepaper sludge ash has been used as cementitious materials. Utilization of these ashes as cementitious material in concrete manufacturing leads to reduce the mechanical properties of concretes. These problems are caused by disruptive hydration products of biomass fly ash once these ashes partially blended with cement in concrete manufacturing. The pre-wetting process of WSA before concrete manufacturing reduced disruptive hydration products and consequently improved concrete mechanical properties. Approaches for investigation of WSA in this project consist on characterizing regular and pre-wetted WSA, the effect of regular and pre-wetted WSA on performance of mortar and concrete. The high content of amorphous silica in AmSR is excellent potential as cementitious material in concrete. In this project, evaluation of AmSR as cementitious materials consists of three steps. Characterizing and determining physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of AmSR. Then, effect of different rates of replacement of cement by AmSR in mortar. Finally, study of effect of AmSR as partial replacement of cement in different concrete types with binary and ternary binder combinations. This study revealed that high performance concrete (HPC) incorporating AmSR showed similar mechanical properties and durability, compared to control mixture. AmSR improved mechanical properties and durability of ordinary concrete. Self-consolidating (SCC) concrete incorporating AmSR was stable, homogenous and showed good mechanical properties and durability. AmSR had good synergy in ternary binder combination with other supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This study showed AmSR can be use as new cementitious materials in concrete.