Academic literature on the topic 'Cendres volcaniques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cendres volcaniques"
CLERBAUX, C., M. George, J. HADJI-LAZARO, L. Clarisse, Daniel HURTMANS, and Pierre COHEUR. "Mesure du SO2 et des cendres volcaniques avec Iasi." La Météorologie 8, no. 74 (2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/43879.
Full textLapaquellerie, Y. "Utilisation de la diffractometrie X pour la determination des constituants amorphes dans les sediments marins (silice biogene et cendres volcaniques)." Clay Minerals 22, no. 4 (December 1987): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1987.022.4.09.
Full textKhatib, Samir. "Datations des cendres volcaniques et analyses géochimiques du remplissage d'Orgnac 3 (Ardèche, France)." Quaternaire 5, no. 1 (1994): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/quate.1994.2010.
Full textMessaoudene, I., L. Molez, D. Rangeard, R. Jauberthie, and A. Naceri. "Mortiers à base de sable pliocène et de ciments aux ajouts : fillers de déchets industriels et cendres volcaniques." Matériaux & Techniques 100, no. 5 (2012): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2011131.
Full textWalter‑Simonnet, Anne‑Véronique, Gilles Bossuet, Anne‑Lise Develle, Carole Bégeot, Pascale Ruffaldi, Michel Magny, Thierry Adatte, et al. "Chronologie et spatialisation de retombées de cendres volcaniques tardiglaciaires dans les massifs des Vosges et du Jura, et le plateau suisse." Quaternaire, no. 19/2 (June 1, 2008): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/quaternaire.2472.
Full textde Lumley, Henry, David Lordkipanidze, Gilbert Féraud, Tristan Garcia, Christian Perrenoud, Christophe Falguères, Jean Gagnepain, Thibaud Saos, and Pierre Voinchet. "Datation par la méthode 40Ar/39Ar de la couche de cendres volcaniques (couche VI) de Dmanissi (Géorgie) qui a livré des restes d'hominidés fossiles de 1,81 Ma." Comptes Rendus Palevol 1, no. 3 (January 2002): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0683(02)00023-4.
Full textCadet, J. P., A. Pouclet, and H. Cambray. "Les cendres volcaniques sous-marines du Pacifique oriental, enregistrement du volcanisme explosif de l'Amerique centrale (large du Mexique et de Guatemala; Legs 66, 67 et 84 du Deep Sea Drilling Project)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France VI, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.vi.1.37.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cendres volcaniques"
Jouannic, Gwenolé. "Caractéristiques physiques et chimiques fines des cendres volcaniques : application à la téphrostratigraphie." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2036/document.
Full textThe challenge of this work was to carry out several tephrostratigraphic studies in various sedimentary environments in order to test the efficiency of classical detection methods of tephra layers. First, analysis has been focused on tephra keys, previously studied in known sites, in Belgium and in the Jura Mountains, in order to update data with current analytical techniques. This work was later expanded to sites from eastern French Massif Central, an area with unexploited tephrostratigraphic potential, which offers the possibility to precise the source of cryptotephras identified in the Jura and Switzerland whose origin was uncertain. This work has been carried out in tephras sampled in loess, carbonate maris and peat allowing to discuss conservation conditions of volcanic deposits. Sorne tephro-chrono-stratigraphic studies show ecological and environmental impacts of volcanic deposits in lakes and peatlands, such as diatom blooms. This thesis allows to discuss this environmental aspect in carbonate maris, i.e. an unfavorable environment for preservation of diatoms
Deguine, Alexandre. "Propriétés optiques et chimiques des cendres volcaniques : mesures de laboratoire et applications à la télédétection spatiale." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R075/document.
Full textDuring a volcanic eruption, a huge amount of aerosols are emitted into the. By absorbing and scattering solar radiation, volcanic ashes influence strongly the Earth radiative budget. These particles may also affect human health and may perturb or interrupt air traffic. Aerosols can be detected by remote sensing using for example spectrometers embarked on satellites. These instruments record the extinction signal of an atmospheric column mixing gas and aerosols contributions. From these observations, the main objective is to estimate the chemical composition, the size and the concentration of particles. With the aim of estimating these parameters, the key is to determine the complex refractive index m. However, the complex refractive index is badly known and stay one of the main source of uncertainty. For this purpose, a new methodology has been applied in order to measure the extinction spectra of various sampling aerosols. Mechanical system is used to generate a cloud of volcanic. Then aerosols are directed through two spectrometers and a particle sizer recording respectively the extinction spectra from UV-visible to Infrared and the size distribution. A combination of experimental data and an iterative process is used in order to retrieve the optical constants n and k leading to the complex refractive index m. This methodology has been applied for six volcanic ashes samples collected from Chile, Iceland and Italy. Moreover, a chemical analysis has been performed for each sample using X-ray fluorescence in order to determine the link between chemical and optical properties. Results obtained through the methodology are used for the inversion of study cases from IASI
Deguine, Alexandre. "Propriétés optiques et chimiques des cendres volcaniques : mesures de laboratoire et applications à la télédétection spatiale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR075.
Full textDuring a volcanic eruption, a huge amount of aerosols are emitted into the. By absorbing and scattering solar radiation, volcanic ashes influence strongly the Earth radiative budget. These particles may also affect human health and may perturb or interrupt air traffic. Aerosols can be detected by remote sensing using for example spectrometers embarked on satellites. These instruments record the extinction signal of an atmospheric column mixing gas and aerosols contributions. From these observations, the main objective is to estimate the chemical composition, the size and the concentration of particles. With the aim of estimating these parameters, the key is to determine the complex refractive index m. However, the complex refractive index is badly known and stay one of the main source of uncertainty. For this purpose, a new methodology has been applied in order to measure the extinction spectra of various sampling aerosols. Mechanical system is used to generate a cloud of volcanic. Then aerosols are directed through two spectrometers and a particle sizer recording respectively the extinction spectra from UV-visible to Infrared and the size distribution. A combination of experimental data and an iterative process is used in order to retrieve the optical constants n and k leading to the complex refractive index m. This methodology has been applied for six volcanic ashes samples collected from Chile, Iceland and Italy. Moreover, a chemical analysis has been performed for each sample using X-ray fluorescence in order to determine the link between chemical and optical properties. Results obtained through the methodology are used for the inversion of study cases from IASI
Villacis, Troncoso Eugenia. "Valorisation de cendres volcaniques équatoriennes comme addition dans la construction : réactivité et effet sur la performance des mortiers, bétons et sols." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEI030.
Full textThis doctoral research focuses on the use of volcanic ash as a supplementary material in construction, based on its pozzolanic properties. The aim of the study is to gain knowledge of the reactivity of Ecuadorian volcanic ash to improve the mechanical properties and durability of mortar mixes, concretes, and soils, and to become a viable and sustainable alternative in the construction industry of this volcanic country.In the first chapter, a literature review is carried out on the applications of volcanic ash, its origin, its geographical location in Ecuador, and its classification. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the different types of volcanic ash are analyzed. In addition, their behavior in combination with cement and soil is studied, as well as their effects on the mechanical strength and durability of construction products.The second chapter provides an initial description of volcanic ash samples from five major Ecuadorian volcanoes: Tungurahua, Chalupas, Guagua Pichincha, Cotopaxi, and Pululahua. The methods used to characterize them are also described. The tests include physical (granulometry, density), chemical and mineralogical (chemical composition, loss on ignition, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, microscopy) tests on the ash, as well as reactivity tests (Chapelle method, R3 test), mechanical tests (simple compression) and durability tests (water resistance, electrical resistivity). These tests aim to provide a precise assessment of the physical and chemical properties of the samples and their performance in mixtures.The third chapter is devoted to analyzing the reactivity of volcanic ash from five Ecuadorian volcanoes. Using several complementary methods, the effects of these ashes and their fineness on the cement hydration process and on their ability to form hydrated calcium silicate compounds (C-S-H and C-A-S-H), which are fundamental to the strength and durability of mixes and their reactivity, are examined.The final chapter mainly presents the results of mechanical tests carried out on mortars, concretes, and soils incorporating volcanic ash. Additional analyses such as X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry are also included, as well as some durability tests. These results provide a detailed assessment of the behavior of the mixes studied in terms of long-term strength and durability.This study provides valuable knowledge about using volcanic ash as a renewable resource in construction, enabling the use of natural products in large quantities in many countries and reducing dependence on conventional materials with a high environmental impact. Due to their high reactivity and wide availability in Ecuador, some of the volcanic ashes studied are presented as an innovative and sustainable solution, contributing to the development of more environmentally friendly and efficient construction practices
Girolami, Laurence. "Dynamique et sédimentation des écoulements pyroclastiques reproduits en laboratoire." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21836.
Full textAbbassi, Zoheir. "Étude des interactions entre des granulats de tufs volcaniques vitreux à zéolites et des solutions d'orthophosphates de potassium et d'ammonium en vue de la mise au point d'un nouvel amendement fertilisant." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20114.
Full textCaron, Benoît. "Contribution of distal ash deposits to the knowledge of explosive activity of Italian volcanoes insights for hazard zonation." Paris 11, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00545633.
Full textIn addition to the destruction of the sites close to the volcanoes, the accumulation of volcanic ash in distal zones can cause serious damages but the evaluation of the related hazard is not fully addressed in present day mitigation plans. The dispersion study joined with the physical and geochemical characterization, of distal pyroclastics deposits produced by explosive eruption of Italian volcanoes during late Quaternary was the focus of this PhD project. The distal deposits were investigated through the tephrostratigraphic study of three lacustrine cores from Lake Shkodra and Lake Ohrid (Albania), and one marine core from the northern Ionian Sea. Seventeen tephra layers were correlated with explosive eruptions of A. D. 472, Avellino (3. 9 cal. Ka BP) from Somma-Vesuvius, Monte Pilato (A. D. 1200), Gabellotto-Fiumebianco (8. 6 cal ka BP) and Monte Guardia (22 ka BP) from Lipari Island, FL (3. 4 cal. Ka BP) from Mount Etna, Astroni (4. 2 cal. Ka BP), Agnano Monte Spina (4. 5 cal. Ka BP), Agnano Pomici Principali (12. 3 cal. Ka BP), SMP1-Y3 (31 ka) and Campanian Ignimbrite-Y5 (39 ka) from Phlegrean Fields, X6 (107 ka) from Campanian, P11 tephra layer (131 ka) from Pantelleria Island. Five other tephra layers have the Mercato deposit composition from Somma-Vesuvius. This suggests the occurrence of interplinian activity between the eruptions of Mercato (8. 9 cal ka BP) and Avellino (3. 9 cal ka BP). All the data were collated into a GIS and integrated with literature data. This data-base implemented in a GIS environment allows a significant improvement of the ash dispersal and represents an useful tool for the improvement of volcanic hazard mitigation in Central Mediterranean area
Caron, Benoît. "EMISSION DE CENDRES PENDANT L'ACTIVITE EXPLOSIVE DES VOLCANS ITALIENS EN ZONE DISTALE : ESTIMATION, CARACTERISATION PHYSICO-CHIMIQUE ET CONTRUCTION D'UNE BASE DE DONNEE POUR MIEUX EVALUER LES ALEAS VOLCANIQUES DANS LE SUD DE L'ITALIE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545633.
Full textAlmirón, Baca Jonathan Joseph. "Etude des propriétés thermo mécaniques des matériaux polymères avec addition du résidu solide de pyrolyses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR039.
Full textThe final disposal of vehicles at their end-of-life is generating a world environmental problem. Nowadays, in Europe there are companies dedicated to the disassembly and recovery of the components that can be reused, being plastic wastes among these components. Thus, in the first part of this research, it was proposed to treat these plastic wastes through a pyrolytic process in order to transform them into solid wastes, to be used as part of the additives in a flame retardant system for a polypropylene matrix. Vehicle residues were segregated according to their densities and characterized. They were subsequently incorporated into a thermal pyrolysis process giving, as a result, a solid pyrolytic residue (RSP). Using the RSP, the polymer blends were prepared composed of polypropylene, ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol. Their thermal, mechanical and flammability properties were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, percentage of deformation and the limiting oxygen index.In the second part of this research, it was determined and compared whether the heat treated solid waste from the pyrolysis of plastic waste of vehicles (RS-T), volcanic ash (CV) and rice husk ash (CR) have any synergistic action when added to polypropylene flame retardant additives (such as ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol). These materials were characterized by nitrogen adsorption analysis (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method), X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. The abundant presence of SiO2 and Al2O3 was determined, which are considered flame-retardant minerals. Polymer matrix composites were synthetized, which were composed of polypropylene, ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and CV, CR and RS-T materials (at 1% to 9% by wt.). The thermal stability and fire resistance of the synthesized polymer mixtures were evaluated through the limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry. It was determined that these materials have a synergistic action with flame-retardant additives as an increase in their fire resistance has been demonstrated.In the final part of this research, the influence of natural zeolites obtained from ashes of the Ubinas volcano, as synergistic agents in a flame-retardant system, has been studied. Four different zeolites were synthesized from volcanic ash, including calcined and not calcined ashes, being placed in an alkaline solution at three synthesis temperatures. Zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption analysis (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method) and scanning electron microscopy. Polypropylene polymer blends were prepared with ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and the zeolites at 1, 5 and 9% (by wt.). Their thermal stability and fire resistance were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index, ULV-94 vertical flammability test and cone calorimetry. Their morphological structure was tested by scanning electron microscopy. It was determined that the synthesis temperature and the use of calcined and non-calcined volcanic ashes has an influence on the characteristics of zeolites and on their synergistic action with flame retardants and therefore, on their flame-retardant properties
Michaud-Dubuy, Audrey. "Dynamique des éruptions pliniennes : réévaluation de l'aléa volcanique en Martinique." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7019.
Full textVolcanic plumes produced by explosive eruptions represent a major threat in areas located near volcanoes. Physical models have been developed over the past forty years with an aim of better understanding these eruptions and assessing associated hazards. To test these models, we need robust and detailed field data from past and historical eruptions at active volcanoes. In this PhD work, we revisit the Plinian eruptive history of the Mount Pelée volcano in Martinique (Lesser Antilles) for the last 24,000 years. Our results combining new extensive field studies and carbon-dating measurements allow us to establish a new chronology of past eruptions, consistent with volcanic deposits identified in a deep-sea sediment core. We then reconstruct the dynamical evolution of the newly discovered eruptions of Bellefontaine (13,516 years cal BP), Balisier (14,072 cal BP), Carbet (18,711 cal BP) and Étoile (21,450 cal BP), whose great interest stems from their unusual southward dispersal axis encompassing areas that are considered to be safe in current hazard maps. The strong similarities observed between all documented Plinian eruptions of Mount Pelée volcano allow us to draw an accurate picture of the Plinian eruptive scenario most likely to occur in the future. This scenario may include a column collapse and the production of deadly pyroclastic density currents; we thus upgrade a 1D physical model of volcanic plume in order to improve its predictions. We first study the impact of the total grain-size distribution on the transition from a stable Plinian plume to a collapsing fountain. The effect of wind is then taken into account using laboratory experiments simulating turbulent jets rising in a windy environment. This new theoretical model, validated by laboratory experiments, is consistent with field data from several major historical Plinian eruptions. We then study the southward dispersal axis of the Bellefontaine and Balisier eruptions using a 2D physical model, in order to better understand this unusual dispersion towards Fort-de-France, capital of Martinique. Our results allow identifying peculiar atmospheric circulations associated to a modification of the subtropical jet-stream path, thus producing northerly winds over Martinique and spreading tephra towards the most populated areas of the island. This integrated approach, combining field studies, theoretical predictions and laboratory experiments, allows us to build a new volcanic hazard map for Martinique by taking into account for the first time the Plinian eruptions of the Mount Pelée volcano of the last 24,000 years, together with monthly variability of atmospheric winds
Book chapters on the topic "Cendres volcaniques"
Lefevre, R., A. Gaudichet, J. F. Muller, and J. P. Saintives. "Cendres Volantes Industrielles et Microspherules Volcaniques: Criteres de Distinction par Microscopie Analytique." In Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants, 396–405. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3841-0_43.
Full textDE MICHELE, Marcello, and Daniel RAUCOULES. "Nouvelles applications en corrélation croisée d’images spatiales optiques : modèles numériques d’élévation de nuages volcaniques et de bathymétrie depuis l’espace." In Mesure du déplacement de surface à partir d’images de télédétection, 419–39. ISTE Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.51926/iste.9083.ch12.
Full textGOUHIER, Mathieu. "Surveillance des volcans par télédétection spatiale." In Aléas et surveillance de l’activité volcanique 2, 177–226. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9045.ch3.
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