Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ceniza de cáscara de arroz'
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Bouzón, Orgeira Noelia. "ACTIVADORES ALCALINOS ALTERNATIVOS A PARTIR DE LA CENIZA DE CÁSCARA DE ARROZ PARA LA PREPARACIÓN DE GEOPOLÍMEROS." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/54126.
Full text[ES] Es incuestionable, que la industria del cemento Portland se encuentra en medio de una importante crisis de identidad, ya que su fabricación es incompatible con la mejora de un desarrollo sostenible, debido a los grandes volúmenes de CO2 emitidos, al consumo de energía, al uso de combustibles fósiles y también a factores relacionados con la durabilidad de hormigones de cemento Portland. Es por ello que en la actualidad, existen numerosos estudios acerca de las posibles alternativas al uso del cemento Portland, entre las que se encuentran los conglomerantes activados alcalinamente o geopolímeros. Estos materiales permiten incorporar en su elaboración numerosos residuos de diversa procedencia como la industria petroquímica, agrícola, siderúrgica e incluso permite la reutilización de diversos residuos procedentes de la industria de la construcción, además de minimizar las emisiones de CO2 y los consumos de energía en su elaboración. En la fabricación de estos conglomerantes activados alcalinamente se suele usar también, como disolución activadora mezclas de hidróxido sódico y silicato sódico, este último producto es costoso y puede llegar a ser medioambientalmente no amigable. Es por eso, que hay que investigar nuevas fuentes de silicato sódico con un menor coste económico y medioambiental. En la investigación realizada se presenta un estudio sobre la reutilización de dos residuos de distinta procedencia en la elaboración de los conglomerantes activados alcalinamente para su posterior uso en la construcción civil. Uno de ellos es el catalizador gastado de craqueo catalítico (FCC), procedente de la industria petroquímica que se trata del material silicoaluminoso necesario para llevar a cabo el proceso de geopolimerización. El segundo residuo es la ceniza de cáscara de arroz (CCA) tanto en su estado original como molido, procedente de la industria agrícola y que constituye la fuente de sílice necesaria para la elaboración del activador alcalino (en lugar de silicato sódico) junto con un material de elevada alcalinidad. En primer lugar, se ha realizado una caracterización físico-química de los dos residuos principales, así como de otros materiales utilizados para la realización de la presente Tesis Doctoral. Seguidamente se realiza un estudio sobre los diferentes tratamientos térmicos aplicados a la mezcla de la ceniza de cáscara de arroz y el NaOH para lograr la síntesis del silicato de sodio alternativo. Se han elaborado pastas y morteros activados alcalinamente basados en FCC, tanto con silicato de sodio comercial como con el sintetizado a partir de la CCA, evaluando la influencia del tipo de tratamiento utilizado en la elaboración del activador alcalino sobre la microestructura de las pastas y de la resistencia mecánica de los morteros. A continuación, se ha analizado la influencia del uso del KOH en la fabricación del activador con ceniza de cáscara de arroz sobre la microestructura y propiedades mecánicas de las pastas y morteros activados alcalinamente. Se han fabricado conglomerantes activados con la mezcla ceniza de cascara de arroz/hidróxido sódico, utilizando como base silicoaluminosa otro tipo de residuos distintos del FCC, como escoria de alto horno o residuos cerámicos de ladrillos y cemento hidratado carbonatado procedente de la fracción fina de los residuos de demolición. En el capítulo final de la tesis doctoral se muestran los resultados obtenidos en la fabricación de un hormigón geopolimérico. Se puede concluir que los geopolímeros con base silicoaluminosa de FCC con un activador fabricado a partir de ceniza de cáscara de arroz, presentan prestaciones similares o superiores a los fabricados a partir de silicato sódico comercial. Este hecho abre nuevas vías para su uso como alternativa, con un menor coste económico y medioambiental. Se trata de conglomerantes donde la matriz está fabricada prácticamente en su totalidad a partir de residuos,
[CAT] És inqüestionable, que la indústria del ciment Pòrtland es troba enmig d'una important crisi d'identitat, ja que la seua fabricació és incompatible amb la millora d'un desenvolupament sostenible, a causa dels grans volums de CO2 emesos, el consum energètic, l'ús de combustibles fòssils i també a factors relacionats amb la durabilitat de formigons de ciment Pòrtland. És per això que en l'actualitat, hi ha nombrosos estudis sobre possibles alternatives a l'ús del ciment Pòrtland, entre les que es troben els conglomerants activats alcalinament, també anomenats geopolímers. Estos materials permeten incorporar en la seua elaboració nombrosos residus de diversa procedència, com la indústria petroquímica, agrícola, siderúrgica i fins i tot permeten reutilitzar diversos residus procedents de la indústria de la construcció, a més de minimitzar les emissions de CO2 i els consums d'energia en la seua elaboració. En la fabricació d'estos conglomerants activats alcalinament sol utilitzar-se també, com a dissolució activadora, mescles d'hidròxid sòdic i silicat sòdic, este últim producte és costós i pot arribar a ser mediambientalment no amigable. És per això que cal investigar noves fonts de silicat sòdic amb un menor cost econòmic i mediambiental. En la investigació realitzada es presenta un estudi sobre la reutilització de dos residus de distinta procedència en l'elaboració dels conglomerants activats alcalinament per al seu posterior ús en la construcció civil. Un d'ells és el catalitzador gastat de craqueig catalític (FCC), procedent de la indústria petroquímica, que es tracta del material silicoaluminós necessari per a portar a terme el procés de geopolimerització. El segon residu és la cendra de corfa d'arròs (CCA), tant en el seu estat original com mòlt, procedent de la indústria agrícola i que constitueix la font de sílice necessària per a l'elaboració de l'activador alcalí (en compte de silicat sòdic) junt amb un material d'elevada alcalinitat. En primer lloc, s'ha realitzat una caracterització fisicoquímica dels dos residus principals, així com d'altres materials utilitzats per a la realització de la present Tesi Doctoral. A continuació es realitza un estudi sobre els diferents tractaments termoquímics aplicats a la cendra de corfa d'arròs i al NaOH per tal d'aconseguir la síntesi del silicat de sodi alternatiu. S'han elaborat pastes i morters activats alcalinament basats en FCC, tant amb silicat de sodi comercial com amb el sintetitzat a partir de la CCA, avaluant la influència del tipus de tractament utilitzat en l'elaboració de l'activador alcalí sobre la microestructura de les pastes i de la resistència mecànica dels morters. S'analitza la influència de l'ús del KOH en la fabricació de l'activador amb cendra de corfa d'arròs o sobre la microestructura i propietats mecàniques de les pastes i morters activats alcalinament. S'han fabricat conglomerants activats amb la mescla cendra de corfa d'arròs/hidròxid sòdic, utilitzant com a base silicoaluminosa un altre tipus de residus distints de l'FCC, com l'escòria d'alt forn o residus ceràmics de rajoles, i fins i tot ciment hidratat carbonatat procedent de la fracció fina dels residus de demolició. En el capítol final de la tesi doctoral es mostren els resultats obtinguts en la fabricació d'un formigó geopolimèric. Es pot concloure que els geopolímers amb base silicoaluminosa d'FCC amb un activador fabricat a partir de cendra de corfa d'arròs, presenten prestacions semblants o superiors als fabricats a partir de silicat sòdic comercial. Este fet obri noves vies per al seu ús com a alternativa, amb un menor cost econòmic i mediambiental. Es tracta de conglomerants on la matriu està fabricada pràcticament en la seua totalitat a partir de residus, la qual cosa els fa ser materials més sostenibles.
Bouzón Orgeira, N. (2015). ACTIVADORES ALCALINOS ALTERNATIVOS A PARTIR DE LA CENIZA DE CÁSCARA DE ARROZ PARA LA PREPARACIÓN DE GEOPOLÍMEROS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/54126
TESIS
Lujan, Cabrera Ismael Lorenzo, and Arapa Santiago Vizcarra. "Análisis experimental de la adición de ceniza de cáscara de arroz a la subrasante arcillosa de un camino estabilizado con cal." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/648864.
Full textThere are many studies about how the addition of lime and rice husk ash (RHA) gives the soil a better mechanical behavior, particularly on clayey soils, where usually fine particles reach more than 75%. However, the soils with a small presence of fine particles (59-60%) do not have much research. This analysis evaluates the influence that RHA has on this kind of soil stabilized with 3% of lime. After the initial mix of soil-lime, CBR increased 11.2 times its initial value; within the addition of the ash, the CBR averaged between 45-50% up until 28% of RHA was added, where the results decreased considerably. Soil workability improved and the specimens with more ash resulted in a more granular material, with a group index value 0 following the AASHTO standards. The greatest CBR record was obtained with the specimen of 16% RHA, 3% lime and soil, reaching a 51.3% CBR, 1.58g/cm3 of MDD and 16.5% of OMC. Yet, it only showed a 1.55% more resistance than the lime-soil specimen. The CBR with more presence of RHA tends to decrease its value, therefore for silica-rich clayey soils, the addition of lime by itself should be enough for an adequate performance.
Trabajo de investigación
López, Barbarán Junior. "Estabilización de suelos arcillosos aplicando ceniza de cáscara de arroz para el mejoramiento de subrasante, en la localidad de Moyobamba – departamento de San Martín." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654616.
Full textThe use of rice husk ash (RHA) can reduce the big environmental problem associated with its inadequate disposal. One way is its addition to clay soils, which can provide solutions to stabilization problems, causing the increasing its soil bearing capacity. The present research project has as purpose to stabilize clay soils by applying rice husk ash (RHA) to improve the subgrade in the town of Moyobamba - department of San Martín; where a high plasticity inorganic clay soil was obtained, its classification being SUCS "CH" and AASHTO "A-7-6 (20)". Standardized soil mechanics tests were made, such as Granulometric Analysis, Atterberg Limits, Modified Proctor and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) with combinations of rice husk ash (CCA) of 5%, 10% and 15%. In the CBR test the resistance obtained at 95% of the Maximum Dry Density of the natural soil is 3.96%, adding 5% of RHA the resistance is 6.90%, with 10% of RHA it is 9, 60% and for 15% of RHA it is 10.5%, so the research concludes that the use of rice husk ash (RHA) as a stabilizing material for clay soils provides good results.
Tesis
Escobar, Sulca Juan Jesús, Sánchez Giancarlo Djorkaef Quispe, Salazar Fernando Raúl Quispe, Soto Jammy Bryan Arana, and Quiquia Rosario Belén Huarcaya. "Estabilización de una subrasante arcillosa de baja plasticidad con cenizas de cáscara de arroz." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/18221.
Full textConstructions on clayey subgrade are in some cases not recommended due to the inadequate bearing capacity of this type of soil to support the traffic loads transmitted by the structure of a pavement. Soil stabilization is a widely used technique in the construction of paved roads and unpaved roads located on poor subgrade. This is because the stabilization methods allow to improve the engineering properties and durability of the subgrade. So, this research seeks to present a soil stabilization technique through the use of rice husk ash. This stabilizing agent improving the mechanical properties of a subgrade, at the same time represents an eco-friendly solution. This is because the use of rice husk ash helps to minimize the production of waste that will be disposed of into the environment. This research work consisted in the development of a bibliographic review of experimental studies where samples of low plasticity clays (CL) were stabilized with different percentages of rice husk ash. This with the aim of identifying which engineering properties improve in a clay with the application of this stabilizing agent. In addition, percentages of optimum ash content were determined for physical properties, mechanical properties, resistance properties and hydraulic properties in stabilized clay samples. Regarding the physical properties, the results show an increase in the liquid limit and a decrease in the plastic limit as the percentage of rice husk ash increases. In addition, the specific gravity of the stabilized material decreases between 5% to 9% with the increase of the stabilizing agent. The mechanical properties of stabilized clays showed an increase in the CBR bearing capacity as the presence of rice husk ash increases; however, after the optimal percentage, which is close to 15%, the maximum CBR value tends to decrease. From the Proctor type compaction tests, it is carried out that as the rice husk ash increases, the maximum dry density (MDD) decreases and the optimum moisture content (OMC) increases. Regarding the strength properties, the unconfined compression tests obtained an optimum content of 25% of rice husk ash, after which the compressive strength tends to decrease. The same was done from the bibliographic compilation of triaxial tests carried out on clayey samples stabilized with ash, where the optimum percentage was 25%, after this value the resistant properties such as cohesion and friction angle decreased. Finally, from the analysis of the hydraulic properties, it was achieved that, at higher percentages of rice husk ash, the permeability coefficient tends to decrease due to the cementation of the soil particles that reduces the flow rate in the soil. stabilized. The research concludes that the use of husk ash as a stabilizing rice material for clayey subgrade proves to be a very appropriate and optimal technique due to the improvement of properties such as bearing capacity, friction angle and cohesion. In addition, other favorable advantages are its availability and the lower environmental impact compared to other stabilization techniques.
Ormeño, Moquillaza Eduardo André, and Vicente Neptalí Eduardo Rivas. "Estudio experimental para determinar la influencia de la aplicación de Cenizas de Cáscara de Arroz (RHA) en la estabilización de una subrasante de suelo arcilloso de baja plasticidad en Chota- Cajamarca." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653974.
Full textThe construction of road works in the world has always been a challenge for engineering, especially in areas where the conditions and types of soil are not adequate for the execution of this type of projects. The main objective of the present study is to establish the influence that has the rice husk ash (RHA) to stabilize the subgrade layer of a no pavemented road, composed of a low resistance clayey soil located in the Callampampa hamlet, in Chota - Cajamarca. During the initial tests, it was determined that the clay is a CL, according to the SUCS classification, and also a CBR (California Bearing Ratio – ASTM D 1883) value of 4.30% was obtained for this clayey soil. RHA is a waste and pollutant material for the environment, is considered an economical and, at the same time, ecological alternative for stabilizing a soil. Thus, several tests were carried out where it determined the value of CBR increased from 4.30% to 20.70%, by adding a 20% RHA dosage, achieving its optimum value to be considered a very good subgrade according to the “Design Manual for unpaved roads with low traffic volume” of the Ministry of Transport and Communications. In this way, it can be concluded that the addition of RHA considerably increases the geotechnical properties of the soil, turning a poor soil into a very good one.
Tesis
Vizcarra, Arapa Santiago, and Cabrera Ismael Lorenzo Lujan. "Análisis experimental de las características mecánicas de la subrasante arcillosa del camino vecinal N° SM-707 Tarapoto – San Francisco de Río Mayo estabilizada con 3% de cal tras la adición de Cenizas de Cáscara de Arroz (CCA)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656757.
Full textThere are many studies about how the addition of lime and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) gives the soil a better mechanical behavior, particularly on clayey soils, where usually fine particles reach more than 75%. However, the soils with a small presence of fine particles (59-60%) do not have much research. This investigation evaluates the influence that RHA has on this kind of soil previously stabilized with 3% of lime. After the initial mix of soil-lime, the CBR increased 11.2 times its initial value; within the addition of the ash, the CBR maxed out its value increasing just 1.56%. When 28% of RHA was added, a decay in the value of CBR was noticed. Otherwise, soil workability improved and following the AASHTO standards, the specimens with more ash resulted in a more granular material, with a group index value of 0. The greatest CBR record was obtained when the stabilized soil was added a 16% RHA, reaching a 51.3% CBR, 1.58g/cm3 of MDD and 16.5% of OMC. The CBR of the soil stabilized with lime and the addition of RHA, does not shows substantial improvement, and beyond that the workability seems better, the addition of lime by itself should be enough for an adequate performance for silica-rich clayey soils.
Tesis
Cano, Duplex Bryan Alexander, and Mateo Edwin Jean Marco Galarza. "Propuesta de uso de cenizas de cáscara de arroz y fibras de polipropileno en diseños de mezclas de concreto para el control de fisuras en losas macizas entrepiso in-situ en la ciudad de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654901.
Full textThe present investigation was elaborated with the purpose of studying the influence of the addition of rice husk ash (RHA) and polypropylene fibers (PPF) on the plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete. The research study took place in the city of Lima, where we focused on investigating the plastic and mechanical properties of a concrete f´c = 210 kg / cm2, which is commonly used in the manufacture of solid slabs, with partial replacement of the cement by RHA in percentages of 5%, 10% and 15% respect to its weight and PPF in yield of 900 g / m3. The main properties in the hardened state were investigated, the compressive strength and flexural strength and the property in the plastic state that developed was cracking due to plastic shrinkage through the ASTM C1579 test. Taking into account that there is no agreement regarding the maximum width in a structural element, it was decided to use limits between 0.2 to 0.4 mm, for normal environments, suggested by Mg. Eng. Gianfranco Ottazzi. According to the results obtained, the mixture added with RHA in replacement of cement in percentages of 5%, 10% and 15% together with PPF in yield of 900 gr / m3, we can infer that the RHA will reduce, not significantly, the strength properties of a concrete f´c = 210 kg / cm2, however, reduce the average occurrence of cracks produced in solid slabs due to the plastic shrinkage of the same.
Tesis
Martinez, Urtecho Francisco Alfredo, and Gallo Luis Julio Oyanguren. "Diseño y evaluación de concreto especial con cenizas de cáscara de arroz (RHA) para aumentar la durabilidad de las estructuras frente a la exposición al ambiente marino." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628220.
Full textThe present study was carried out in order to design and analyze a concrete with partial replacement of rice husk ash (RHA) more resistant than the conventional one against exposure to marine environments. This ash, is the result of the combustion of rice husks that generates a company responsible for making pulitón in the department of La Libertad - Peru. The ash resulting from this process has characteristics similar to those of cement, starting with the high silica content, making it suitable for use as an addition. This component was used to replace the type V cement in the concrete mix in 5, 10 and 15% in order to study its pozzolanic reactivity. Additionally, tests of compressive strength of cylindrical specimens were carried out after 28 days of curing in water. Likewise, it was decided to perform durability tests on coarse and fine aggregates according to Standard C88 using magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). Finally, the most optimal percentage of RHA was obtained to achieve the best results in terms of resistance to compression and sulfate attack.
Tesis
Cordova, Valentin Kevin Hector, and Montalvo Azucena Flor Mori. "Modelo matemático para la predicción de la Capacidad de Soporte (CBR) en suelos expansivos estabilizados con cenizas de cáscara de arroz y cal a partir de sus propiedades índice y de compactación." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657405.
Full textThe main indicator to evaluate the quality of the soil as a subgrade in pavement design is the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). In many cases, it is not possible to obtain them by testing, at least at the required frequency, and they are very expensive. Therefore, the need to quantify this parameter through mathematical models that use easily determinable properties and will evaluate the effectiveness of a proposed stabilization solution. The purpose of this research work is to develop practical tools for the prediction of the CBR in expansive soil post stabilization with rice husk ash and lime. It is proposed to obtain mathematical models based on multiple linear regression using their index (% F, IP) and compaction (OCH, MDS) properties, which were generated by applying the SPSS Statistics software, whose resulting equation was: 〖CBR〗_f=46.116-0.526 %F+0.034 IP+0.218 OCH+5.06 MDS, which presents a very high correlation with R = 0.975 and an excellent goodness fit of R2 = 0.95. This means that the CBR response variable is 95% explained by the predictor variables %F, IP, OCH and MDS. The proposed regression model was applied to a section of the PE-8B highway in the San Martín region where it was found that the CBR value was found on average 272% when stabilized with the suggested study materials.
Tesis
García, Santos Ximena Julieta. "Mejoramiento de un suelo arcilloso de la localidad de Pacaisapa – Ayacucho utilizando residuos industriales para evaluarlo en muro hipotético de tierra estabilizado mecánicamente (MSEW)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626124.
Full textThe main objective of this research was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of a clay soil in the town of Pacaisapa - Ayacucho using industrial waste such as ground rubber from recycled tires, recycled plastic strips and rice husk ash applied to these mixtures in a mechanically stabilized hypothetical earth wall (MSE). The methodology of this investigation consisted in performing direct cutting tests NTP-339.171 and unconfined compression tests NTP-339.167 in order to obtain the parameters of cohesion, friction angle and young modulus of elasticity of the soil. The same ones that will be used to evaluate the behavior of these mixtures in the hypothetical wall and modeled in the Plaxis 8.2 software making use of the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model. The combinations that were used were 30% rice husk ash, 2% PET and 10% rubber. The obtained results indicated that the cohesion improves in a 41.89% with the addition of 30% of rice husk ash and in 21.58% with the addition of 2% of recycled plastic strips with respect to the S100 soil, improves the modulus of elasticity when it adds 2% of plastic strips in 28.78% and when 30% of rice husk ash (CCA) is added it improves in 4.8% with respect to the pure soil. In addition, the horizontal displacements of the vertical face of the wall decrease when using the mixture 1 - S70CC30 and the mixture 3 - S98P2, with respect to the floor S100. Based on what allows concluding that the addition of PET and CCA does improve the mechanical behavior of the soil and it is possible to optimize the separation between the geosynthetics.
Tesis
Villca, Pozo Ariel Rey. "Utilización de geopolímero para la mejora de las propiedades en morteros cal-puzolana y su empleo en países en desarrollo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/172663.
Full text[CA] El descobriment del ciment Portland ha canviat la nostra manera de construir, però també és el responsable de grans emissions de CO¿ a l'atmosfera durant la seva fabricació (~1450 ᴼC), agreujant la crisi actual que està patint el nostre planeta degut al canvi climàtic i les seves conseqüències en tot el medi ambient. Per tant, una alternativa més sostenible en la construcció és la utilització de la calç que necessita menor temperatura per a la seva fabricació (~900 ᴼC). Si bé la introducció de putzolanes naturals o artificials en morters de calç han millorat les seves propietats mecàniques i de durabilitat, aquestes encara tenen l'inconvenient de guanyar resistències a edats llargues de curat. És per aquesta raó que en la present tesi es pretén eliminar aquest inconvenient tècnic, buscant l'associació de la calç amb nous conglomerants més sostenibles a partir de residus per a obtenir morters mixtos denominats calç/putzolana-geopolímer. Els residus estudiats van ser: el catalitzador gastat del craqueig catalític, la cendra de closca d'arròs, la terra diatomea d'origen residual i la cendra de llot de depuradora. També es va estudiar una putzolana natural provinent de la República de Guatemala. En els morters calç/putzolana (calç/FCC, calç/CCA, calç/CLD) s'ha realitzat substitucions en pes fins a un 50 % de la barreja calç/putzolana per geopolímer. El geopolímer s'obté per una combinació del FCC com a precursor i diferents activadors alcalins, sent aquests la mescla de: NaOH/Na2SiO3, NaOH/CCA, NaOH/TDN i NaOH/TDR. Els últims tres substitueixen al silicat comercial com a font de sílice alternativa. Així mateix, es van realitzar estudis a nivell mecànic i microestructural. Per als estudis microestructurals, tant de mostres endurides com de materia primera, es van emprar tècniques com: FRX, ADL, TG, DRX i FESEM. Els resultats han demostrat amb èxit que afegir petites quantitats de geopolímer sobre el sistema calç/putzolana va ser notable, pel fet que aquest va potenciar la formació dels nous productes de reacció, la qual cosa va millorar la resistència mecànica dels morters des de les primeres hores de curat, arribant a obtenir 7 vegades més de resistència que un morter control calç/putzolana en 1 dia de curat. El reemplaçament del silicat de sodi comercial per CCA, TDN, TDR, com a font de sílice, va conduir a millors acompliments del morter en termes de resistència a la compressió. A més, va reduir el coeficient d'absorció d'aigua per capil·laritat i va augmentar el temps d'exposició als cicles gel-desgel enfront dels morters activats amb activadors comercials. Finalment, els conglomerants desenvolupats en aquest estudi podrien beneficiar tant a la gestió de residus com al desenvolupament de materials de construcció més sostenibles, aportant als objectius proposats en l'Agenda 2030.
[EN] The discovery of Portland cement has changed the way we build; however, it is also responsible for large CO2 emissions into the atmosphere during its manufacturing (~ 1450 ᴼC), thereby aggravating the current crisis that our planet is suffering due to climate change and its consequences in the environment. Thus, a more sustainable alternative in construction is the use of lime that requires a lower temperature for its manufacturing (~ 900 ᴼC). The introduction of natural or artificial pozzolans in lime mortars has improved their mechanical properties and durability. Nevertheless, they present some technical disadvantages, as the low compressive strength, especially at early curing time. This thesis aims to eliminate this technical disadvantage by mixing lime with new more sustainable binders derived from waste, obtaining mixed mortars called lime/pozzolan-geopolymer The waste materials studied included fluid catalytic cracking residue (FCC), rice husk ash (CCA), residual diatomite (TDR) and sewage sludge ash (CLD). A natural pozzolan from the Republic of Guatemala was also studied. In the experimental procedure, in lime/pozzolan mortar mixtures (lime/FCC, lime/CCA, lime/CLD), up to 50% of their weight was substituted by geopolymer. The geopolymer is obtained by combining FCC as a precursor, and different alkaline activator mixtures including NaOH/Na2SiO3 (commercial waterglass), NaOH/CCA, NaOH/TDN, and NaOH/TDR, with the last three being an alternative silica source to commercial waterglass. In the same way, both mechanical and microstructural studies were carried out. The following techniques were used: XRF, ADL, TG, XRD and FESEM to assess the microstructural properties of both the raw materials and the hardened samples. The results have demonstrated that adding small amounts of geopolymer to the lime/pozzolan system was remarkable; it enhanced the formation of new reaction products, which improved the mechanical strength of the mortar from the first hours of curing, obtaining 7 times more strength than the lime/pozzolan control mortar in 1 day of curing. The replacement of commercial waterglass by CCA, TDN, TDR, as a source of silica, led to better performance of the mortar in terms of compressive strength. In addition, the coefficient of water absorption by capillarity was reduced and the exposure time during freezing-thawing cycles was increased compared to mortars activated with commercial activators. Finally, the binders developed in this study could benefit both waste management and the development of more sustainable construction materials, contributing to the objectives proposed in the 2030 Agenda.
Gracias al programa ADSIDEO-COOPERACIÓN de la Universitat Politècnica de València, que me ha brindado financiación para la presente investigación.
Villca Pozo, AR. (2021). Utilización de geopolímero para la mejora de las propiedades en morteros cal-puzolana y su empleo en países en desarrollo [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/172663
TESIS
Cabrera, Arenas Juan Carlos, and Arenas Juan Carlos Cabrera. "Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta productora de biocemento a partir de ceniza de cascarilla de arroz." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2015. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/485.
Full textTesis
Cabrera, Arenas Juan Carlos. "Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta productora de biocemento a partir de ceniza de cascarilla de arroz." Bachelor's thesis, Chiclayo, 2015. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/jspui/handle/123456789/519.
Full textSilva, Vela Alejandro Oscar. "Estudio del comportamiento mecanico de compuestos de mezcla polimerica con adicion de cáscara de arroz y compatibilizante." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10116/document.
Full textThe use and development of reinforced polymers are long-standing activities and many studies have already been done on the subject. With the development of the use of plasticsthe question of recycling becomes more and more acute. The work presented here reflects these concerns by seeking to understand the role of a reinforcement consisting of rice husk on the mechanical behavior of a mixture of polyolefins. The experimental design which was used was built on the base 1) of polyolefin blends 2) the addition of rice wheat and 3) the addition of compatibilizer and 4) the mode of preparation by injection or compression. The adhesion of rice husk with the polymer matrix has been examined in relation to its microstructure and composition. It was also revealed that the addition of rice wheat alone reduces the tensile properties but that the addition of compatibilizer promotes the deformation of the polymer blend. A noticeable difference was found between tensile properties of specimens prepared by injection or compression. However, the results can be validly compared if we introduce a parameter called "load capacity" that we propose as the ratio between the maximum voltage and maximum strain which provides information on the overall ability of strength and deformation conditions at fracture. From the standpoint of physical-chemical process it can be concluded that the addition of compatibilizer improves the adhesion between the polymer components and rice wheat and consequently the fracture surface. The index of "load capacity" that we propose could be considered a relevant design factor
El uso y desarrollo de plásticos reforzados son actividades sobre las cuales se han publicado muchos estudios y con ello, la cuestión del reciclaje se vuelve cada vez un tema mas critico. El trabajo aquí presentado refleja esta preocupacion al tratar deentender el papel de la cáscara de arroz como elemento reforzante en el comportamiento mecánico de una mezcla de poliolefinas. El diseño experimental que se utilizó fue construido en la base 1) de mezclas de poliolefinas con reciclado depolietileno de baja densidad 30%, 40% de polietileno de alta densidad y polipropileno 30% correspondiente a la composición de los plásticos reciclados en Arequipa, Perú, 2) la adición de cáscara de arroz y 3) la adición de compatibilizante y 4) el modo depreparación, por inyección o compresión. Los resultados confirman que la cáscara de arroz es térmicamente estable hasta 250 º C. Su adhesión con la matriz polimérica se ha examinado en relación con su microestructura y composición. También se reveló que la adición de cáscara de arroz solo reduce las propiedades de tracción, pero que la adición de compatibilizante promueve la deformación de la mezcla del polímero. Una notable diferencia se encontró entre las propiedades de tracción de las muestras preparadas por inyección o compresión. Sin embargo, los resultados pueden ser validados por comparación si se introduce un parámetro llamado "capacidad de carga" que se propone como la relación entre la resistencia máxima y la deformación máxima hasta la ruptura que puede soportar. Desde el punto de vista del proceso físico-químico, se puede concluir que la adición de compatibilizante mejora la adhesión entre los componentes de polímero y la cáscara de arroz y por ende la calidad de la superficie de fractura. Los compuestos preparados puede ser una alternativa para la recuperación de residuos plásticos y agrícolas. El índice de "capacidad de carga" que proponemos podría ser considerado un factor de diseño pertinente para este tipo de materiales
Alvites, Valencia Alfonso Carlos. "Diseño de un sistema de aireación para un silo de arroz cáscara con capacidad de 490 toneladas ubicado en la provincia de Lambayeque." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7775.
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Hidalgo, Ramirez Fernando, and Salazar José Antonio Saavedra. "Análisis de la adición de cáscara de arroz y bagazo de caña de azúcar en la subrasante de pavimentos para la estabilización de suelos arcillosos en el departamento de San Martín." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652531.
Full textThis research studies the addition of rice ash and sugar bagasse in clay soils for their function as subgrade in paving works. Rice husk ash and sugar from sugarcane are the organic residues most found in the departments of San Martín and La Libertad, of all the tons of rice husk generated in the country, around the 20% is the ash of the rice husk. Likewise, around 25% of the sugar production in the country is bagasse, according to the Ministry of Agriculture in 2017. The research is based on the search for alternative methods to soil stabilization, to verify that these aggregates are viable in their use for the stabilization of subgrades in chemical, physical and mechanical clinical trials. In different percentages to evaluate their response as primary stabilizers. Finally, the research deduces the environmental impact caused by our proposal.
Tesis
Díaz, Marin Hugo Nilto, and Ali Mayki Gabriel (0 Oviedo. "Elaboración de un concreto f’c=210 kg/cm2 para elementos verticales reemplazando parcialmente el cemento con cenizas de cascarilla de arroz y la arena con PET reciclado para reducir la sobreexplotación de los agregados de las canteras en Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655337.
Full textIn different parts of the world such as England, Cuba and Peru, a situation is occurring in which the raw material for construction such as aggregates is running out due to overexploitation and there is fear in the future that there will be a greater criticality of these materials. Therefore, the objective of this study is to elaborate a concrete f'c = 210 kg / cm2 for vertical elements, in order to partially reduce the cement by rice husk ash (CCA) and the sand by PET. In this investigation, it has been determined that the incinerated rice husk can cause the material to behave like a pozzolana just like cement. Likewise, in the case of recycled PET, it has been investigated with a reduced size that can allow it to adhere and accommodate in a better way, avoiding generating gaps in the concrete. In this research, four combinations with different proportions of CCA and PET have been elaborated, of which two of them have presented favorable results, meeting all the technical requirements for a concrete f'c = 210 kg / cm2. This proposed concrete can reduce the use of cement and 2.5% sand for one cubic meter of concrete by 10-15%. In this way, it has been shown that the use of agro-industrial material such as rice husk and recycled material such as PET can reduce the use of aggregates such as sand, limestone and clay, the latter by up to 6%. They are used to make cement.
Tesis
Díaz, Christhel Alejandra Andrade. "Remoción de oxitetraciclina presente en soluciones acuosas usando cenizas de cáscara de arroz." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/3555.
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