Academic literature on the topic 'Census, 1974'
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Journal articles on the topic "Census, 1974"
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Steckel, Richard H. "A Dreadful Childhood: The Excess Mortality of American Slaves." Social Science History 10, no. 4 (1986): 427–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200015571.
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Mortality rates in early childhood are widely regarded as a sensitive index of the health and living standards of a population (United Nations, 1973: 138-139; Williamson, 1981; Haines, 1985). The debate over the health and treatment of American slaves has led scholars to investigate various data and methods to construct these measures. Early work based on plantation records placed the infant mortality rate (the proportion of live births that die within one year of birth) at 152.6 per thousand (Postell, 1951: 158). Using census data and indirect techniques, estimates of the infant mortality rate climbed from 182.7 per thousand by Evans (1962: 212) to 274 to 302 per thousand by Farley (1970: 33) and 246 to 275 per thousand by Eblen (1972; 1974). Recent work based on height data and indirect techniques places the infant mortality rate in the neighborhood of 350 per thousand and total losses before the end of the first year (stillbirths plus infant deaths) at nearly 50% (Steckel, 1986a). Thus, measurements over the past four decades have gravitated toward the judgment of southern planter Thomas Afflick (1851: 435) who wrote, “Of those born, one half die under one year.”
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Shaikh, K., and S. Becker. "Socioeconomic status and fertility in rural Bangladesh." Journal of Biosocial Science 17, no. 1 (January 1985): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000015480.
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SummaryUsing a unique set of birth registration data from the Demographic Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, for the period 1974–77, and socioeconomic information collected in the 1974 census, fertility was studied in relation to occupation, size of dwelling, number of cows and number of boats owned. The total fertility rate was found to vary between 6 and 6·5 except in the famine year of 1975. There was no consistent relationship between fertility and education of women. Fertility differentials by occupation showed that the household heads who were farm labourers had relatively lower fertility compared to other occupational groups, except for the year 1977 where the families of service holders were found to have relatively lower fertility. There was a consistent direct relationship between the dwelling size and fertility for each of the years.
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WINCKLER, ONN. "The Surprising Results of the Saudi Arabian 2004 Demographic Census." International Journal of Middle East Studies 40, no. 1 (February 2008): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074380708004x.
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At first glance, in contrast to political documents, official demographic data, particularly total population figures, “look innocent.” The common tendency is to accept them “as is” because governments tend not to manipulate the declared number of their citizens. In most cases this assumption is true. Is it also true for Saudi Arabia? In the 1970s and 1990s, Saudi authorities published the results of two demographic censuses that numbered the Saudi citizenry at 6,218,361 in September 1974 and 12,310,053 in September 1992. However, many experts found these figures to be highly inflated, as shown in the table.
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Shaikh, Kashem, K. M. A. Aziz, and A. I. Chowdhury. "Differentials of fertility between polygynous and monogamous marriages in rural Bangladesh." Journal of Biosocial Science 19, no. 1 (January 1987): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000016606.
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SummaryThis paper discusses polygynous marriages in rural Bangladesh, using marital status and birth registration data from the Demographic Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, for the period 1975–79. Of all the marriages recorded during this period about 5% were polygynous. To identify the women polygynously married, 1974 census data of the DSS area were used. The difference in age at marriage between the polygynous groom and his subsequent wife was 15 years on average. The socioeconomic indicators studied were education, occupation and area of dwelling space. In general, these indicators differentially influence polygynous marriage. The fertility differentials between women in monogamous marriages were significantly higher than between the women in polygynous unions.
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Razzaque, Abdur. "Effect of Famine on Fertility in a, Rural Area of Bangladesh." Journal of Biosocial Science 20, no. 3 (July 1988): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000006623.
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SummaryThis study investigates the effects of the 1974–75 famine on differential fertility in a rural population of Bangladesh, using information on household socioeconomic status collected in the 1974 census, and registration data on births, deaths and migrations for the period 1974–77 from the Demographic Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. Occupation of household head was taken as a measure of socioeconomic status. Total fertility rates were analysed for three periods: pre-famine, famine and post-famine. Overall fertility declined due to the famine by 34%, but this was compensated partially by a 17% increase in the post-famine period. Fertility of women of all ages and socioeconomic groups was affected by the famine, a more pronounced effect being observed among the poor. Fertility showed a higher post-famine recovery among women in the middle socioeconomic groups and in those aged 25–34 years.
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Mariano González, Luis, Javier Oria, Roberto Sánchez, Antoni Margalida, Antonio Aranda, Luis Prada, Javier Caldera, and José Ignacio Molina. "Status and habitat changes in the endangered Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti population during 1974–2004: implications for its recovery." Bird Conservation International 18, no. 3 (June 11, 2008): 242–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270908000245.
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AbstractThe distribution and abundance of Spanish Imperial Eagle Aquila adalberti populations between 1974 and 2004 were determined using information from national censuses. Its breeding area occupies the south-western quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) and is composed of 13 nuclei and 5 subpopulations. Since 1974, population levels in all nuclei, except the one in Doñana, have expanded. The non-breeding dispersion area, according to sightings of juvenile and immature individuals in quadrants of 10 x 10 km, coincided with that of the breeding area. Bibliographical information showed that halfway through the 19th century the Spanish Imperial Eagle was considered abundant, at least locally; and most cited breeding areas were in relatively human-occupied plains. Towards the end of the 19th century the population became scarce; remaining so for most of the 20th century, with remote mountain ranges being the most cited breeding habitats. The comparison between the data from the first census, in 1974, that located 38 territorial pairs, and the 2004 census that located 198 pairs, shows that: 1) percentages of pairs in plains have increased, while those in mountains have decreased; 2) the trophic quality of the habitat, based on rabbit abundance, has decreased, and 3) numbers of nests in both protected areas and on private ground have increased significantly. The type of land ownership did not seem to affect breeding performance. Populations have increased more outside protected areas than within, despite the availability of potential habitat. In the past century, legal protection and attitude changes towards this eagle seem to have been influential in preventing its extinction. At present, habitat management seems also to be an important factor in its continuing recovery.
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Razzaque, Abdur. "Sociodemographic differentials in mortality during the 1974–75 famine in a rural area of Bangladesh." Journal of Biosocial Science 21, no. 1 (January 1989): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017697.
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SummaryThis study investigates the socio-demographic differentials in mortality during the 1974–75 famine in a rural area of Bangladesh. It is based on household socioeconomic information collected in the 1974 census and registration data on births, deaths and migrations for the period 1974–79 from the Demographic Surveillance System of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. Ownership of selected household items was considered in the analysis as an indicator of household socioeconomic status. Mortality was 62% higher during the famine period and 31% higher during the post-famine period compared to the non-famine period. The mortality of both the poor and the rich increased during the famine period, by 117% and 28% respectively compared to the non-famine period. The poor suffered significantly in all age groups except 5–14 years, while the rich suffered only for ages 65 and over. Poor males suffered more than poor females except for ages 65 and over, while rich females suffered more than rich males except for ages under 1 year.
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Tonnabel, J., I. Tattersall, B. Simmen, and L. Tarnaud. "Decline and demographic changes in the population of the Near Threatened brown lemur Eulemur fulvus on Mayotte." Oryx 45, no. 4 (October 2011): 608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310001341.
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AbstractThe population of the Near Threatened brown lemur Eulemur fulvus on the island of Mayotte was censused in 1974, 1984 and 1999. We carried out a new census in 2008, estimating individual and group densities in the three main habitat types on the island (preserved forest, anthropogenic forest and agricultural areas), and more generally evaluating population trends. Data included sex ratios and the number of young < 1 year-old per female. The census was at the end of the dry season, along 14 transect lines of 0.5 or 1 km length. Counts of groups and individuals were repeated three times between 07.00 and 10.00 and between 15.00 and 18.00. The densities of groups and individuals were calculated using Distance. By 2008 group and individual densities had significantly decreased in preserved forest, and there was also a decrease in group size in all habitat types. The 2008 census also showed that the overall population of E. fulvus on Mayotte has decreased by about half since 1999. We suggest that these changes reflect environmental stress associated with a decrease in available food resources. Urgent action to preserve forest habitat is necessary for the long-term survival of this lemur.
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Hajdu, Gábor, and Tamás Hajdu. "The long-term impact of restricted access to abortion on children’s socioeconomic outcomes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): e0248638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248638.
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We examine the long-term consequences of restricted access to abortion following a change in the Hungarian abortion law in 1974. Due to a change that restricted access to legal abortions, the number of induced abortions decreased from 169,650 to 102,022 between 1973 and 1974, whereas the number of live births increased from 156,224 to 186,288. We analyze the effects on the adult outcomes of the affected cohort of newborns (educational attainment, labor market participation, teen fertility). We use matched large-scale, individual-level administrative datasets of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (population census 2011; live birth register), and we estimate the effects by comparing children born within a short timespan around the time the law change came into effect. We apply a difference-in-differences approach, building on the special rules of the new law that, despite the severe restriction, still made abortion permissible for selected groups of women. We control for the compositional change in the population of parents, rule out the effect of (unobserved) time trends and other potential behavioral responses to the law change, and draw causal inferences. We find that restricted access to abortion had, on average, a negative impact on the socioeconomic outcomes of the affected cohort of children. Children born after the law change have had worse educational outcomes, a greater likelihood of being unemployed at age 37, and a higher probability of being a teen parent.
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Aaronson, Daniel, Daniel Hartley, Bhashkar Mazumder, and Martha Stinson. "The Long-Run Effects of the 1930s Redlining Maps on Children." Journal of Economic Literature 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 846–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20221702.
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We estimate the long-run effects of the 1930s Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlining maps by linking children in the full count 1940 census to 1) the universe of Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax data in 1974 and 1979 and 2) the long form 2000 census. We use two identification strategies to estimate the potential long-run effects of differential access to credit along HOLC boundaries. The first strategy compares cross-boundary differences along HOLC boundaries to a comparison group of boundaries that had statistically similar preexisting differences as the actual boundaries. A second approach only uses boundaries that were least likely to have been chosen by the HOLC based on our statistical model. We find that children living on the lower-graded side of HOLC boundaries had significantly lower levels of educational attainment, reduced income in adulthood, and lived in neighborhoods during adulthood characterized by lower educational attainment, higher poverty rates, and higher rates of single-parent households. (JEL G21, I26, I32, J13, N32, R23, R31)
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Census, 1974"
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Semenciw, Robert. "Evaluation of trend measures of census division mortality, Canada 1974-1986." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59637.
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The methodologic issues involved in evaluating trends in mortality by Census Division (CD) are explored. The three trend measures investigated included Poisson regression, ordinary least squares (OLS), and a measure based on Raveh's measure of monotone association for time series.Assumptions required for the parametric methods of Poisson regression and OLS were not satisfied. The non-parametric method based on the ranking of the measure of monotone association did not require such assumptions. Significant spatial correlation in the measure of monotone association was observed for all-cause mortality.
Using deaths among persons 35-69 years for 3 causes, comparisons were carried out by cross-tabulations, Pearson rank correlation coefficients, and an investigation of discrepancies. Minor discrepancies resulted from differences in trends of age-specific death rates and from CDs with small populations. Rather than distinguishing further between the three trend measures, guidelines should be developed for minimum populations at risk required for mapping as well as methods for combining regions.
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Ha, Daniel Stuart. "Ecology and conservation of Virginia shark species: Analysis of thirty years of Virginia long-line shark census data, 1974--2004." W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616679.
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Sharks of the Atlantic coast of the United States have suffered increased fishing pressure in last three decades. Commercial and recreational catches jumped in the mid to late 1980's, leading to regulation by the National Marine Fisheries Service in the early 1990's. The Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences' shark long-line survey, begun in 1974, and continuing to the present day, is thus well positioned to look at the effects of this fishing mortality on sharks. Using GAM modelling, six of ten shark species analyzed, including the most common species, Carcharhinus plumbeus, suffered declines of from 98-99% of early abundances in the survey. Only two species showed no significant trends, and only one (C. obscurus) showed signs of recovery. Analysis of size changes showed that both C. plumbeus and C. obscurus have suffered declines in both mean and variance of their size distribution since 1974. Analyses of mass changes showed that five of thirteen species have shown biologically significant declines in mass per shark since 1974. Six of the remaining eight showed no trend in mass per shark. Habitat analyses showed that few species showed effects of climate scale variables such as the North Atlantic Oscillation index, Chesapeake Bay discharge, or the Palmer Drought Index. Many species showed significant changes in patterns in abundance with local environmental variables, such as temperature, salinity, and water depth. These patterns, when combined, revealed several groupings of species, including deep-water species, Bay-abundant species, and near-shore species. Another group consisted of species that occur in this area only as they move north and south en route to more northerly areas for summer months. One group was made up of two species (S. acanthias and M. canis) that occurred almost exclusively in cold water (April and May). Analysis of New Jersey long-line data from 1961-62 with a resample of many of the same sites revealed that abundances off New Jersey show a trend in both mass and abundance similar to that found in the VIMS survey data. Overall, this study demonstrated many trends in shark distribution and ecology not previously shown in any way other than anecdotally.
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Mercedes, Dias Ferreira Otero Maria. "Censura de Livros durante a ditadura militar : 1964-1978." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2003. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/7262.
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Previous issue date: 2003A censura praticada no Brasil durante a ditadura militar, foi um instrumento de coerção, recurso de repressão política, defendida pelo governo militar como necessária, por razões de segurança nacional. Desde o AI-2, em 1965, aprofundando-se no AI-5, em 1968, o aparelho judiciário procurou criar bases legais para censurar, agregando a violência física a violência simbólica, através da legislação censória. Este estudo trata do período que vai de 1964, após o golpe militar, ao fim da censura, anunciado nos últimos dias de 1978. Neste período vamos analisar a censura feita aos livros, cujo divisor de águas foi o Decreto Lei do Ministério da Justiça, no 1077 de Janeiro de 1970, que instituiu a censura prévia e ampliou o conceito de subversão, estendendo-o a moral e aos bons costumes. O ponto de partida para este estudo foi a evidência de que, apesar da censura exercida sobre livros, a indústria editorial cresceu extraordinariamente. A tese central defendida é a de que a censura a cultura, nunca se processou apenas no âmbito do Ministério da Justiça, através da Policia Federal. Ela deslizou, de forma mais complexa e sutil, para o Ministério da Educação e Cultura, conduzida, no caso dos livros, pelo Instituto Nacional do Livro (INL), através do regime das co-edições com as editoras privadas. O objetivo é mostrar a relação entre o livro e a censura do governo militar, analisando as ações de controle exercidas pelos dois Ministérios. As ações do Ministério da Justiça são analisadas, principalmente, a partir de documentos primários inéditos, do extinto Departamento de Censura e Diversões Públicas da Policia Federal. Para analisar a censura do Ministério da Educação e Cultura, recupera-se o antigo sentido semântico da palavra censura - ação de examinar, criticar - para explicar a censura disciplinadora desse Ministério. Utiliza-se documentos gerados pelo INL que, apesar de não serem inéditos, são pouco conhecidos e não foram publicados. Essas fontes ajudaram a entenderlexplicar a lógica da censura ao livro durante o período estudado. Destacam-se, ainda, os livros proibidos pelo Ministério da Justiça, os rejeitados e os consagrados pelo Instituto Nacional do Livro
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Gonçalves, Junior Ernando Brito. "Armas e cenas : representações cinematrográficas da revolução mexicana (1934-1970)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/44472.
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Orientador : Prof. Dr. Renato Lopes LeiteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História. Defesa: Curitiba, 29/2016
Inclui referências : f. 221-228
Área de concentração
Resumo: A proposta de investigação que aqui se apresenta possui como objetivo central discutir a maneira com que a Revolução Mexicana e alguns de seus principais protagonistas, mais especificamente José Doroteo Arango (Pacho Villa) e Emiliano Zapata, foram representados no cinema dos Estados Unidos e do México entre os anos de 1934 até 1970. Levando em consideração tal proposta de pesquisa, foram elencados quatro filmes para análise, a saber: "Viva Villa" (1934, EUA), "Vamonos con Pancho Villa" (1935, México) "Viva Zapata!" (1952, EUA) e "Emiliano Zapata" (1970, México). Nesse sentido, para construir nosso arcabouço teórico sobre as tensões entre história e cinema, utilizaremos as propostas de autores como Michelly Lagny, Pierre Sorlin entre outros. Além disso, o conceito de representação, apresentado pelo historiador francês Roger Chatier foi de suma importância para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa em apreço. Assim, percebemos que o cinema é uma importante ferramenta de divulgação de projetos políticos e analisar filmes produzidos em determinados contextos históricos podem nos apresentar diversos elementos da sociedade que o produziu, pois entendemos que o cinema pode ser considerado uma prática social, inscrita em determinado contexto específico, que nos apresenta muito mais elementos de seu contexto histórico, do que o período que ele representa em tela. Logo, as representações cinematográficas da Revolução Mexicana, de Villa e Zapata estão intimamente relacionadas as forma com que cada produção cinematográfica em seus respectivos contextos concebia e resignificavam esses personagens e, de uma maneira mais ampla, a história da própria Revolução mexicana. Palavras-chaves: Cinema; Representação; Revolução Mexicana; México; Estados Unidos da América.
Abstract: The proposed research presented here has as main objective to discuss the way the Mexican Revolution and some of its main protagonists, specifically Jose Doroteo Arango (Pacho Villa) and Emiliano Zapata, were represented in the US and Mexico?s movies between the years 1934 to 1970. Taking into account such research proposal, four films were listed for analysis, namely: "Viva Villa" (1934, USA), "Vamonos con Pancho Villa" (1935, Mexico) "Viva Zapata "(1952, USA) and "Emiliano Zapata "(1970, Mexico). In this sense, to build our theoretical framework on the tensions between history and cinema, the proposals of authors as Michelly Lagny, Pierre Sorlin, among others will be used. Moreover, the concept of representation, presented by the french historian Roger Chatier was its importance for the development of the research in question. Thus we realize that cinema is an important marketing tool of political projects and analyze films produced in certain historical contexts may present the various elements of the society that produced it, because we believe that cinema can be considered a social practice, enrolled in a particular specific context, which gives us more elements of its historical context, than the period it represents on screen. Thus, the cinematic representations of the Mexican Revolution, Villa and Zapata are closely related to the way that each film production in their respective contexts conceived and presented new meanings for these characters, more broadly, the history of the Mexican Revolution itself. Keywords: Cinema; Representation; Mexican Revolution; Mexico; USA.
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Santos, Paulo dos. "Raul Seixas: a mosca na sopa da ditadura militar - censura, tortura e exílio (1973-1974)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13021.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-18Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This dissertation aims to rescue the importance of the singer and composer Raul Seixas (1945-1989) in the period between the military dictatorship and the promulgation of 1988 Constitution. It seeks, still, to verify his insertion into the Brazilian artistic scenario and in other segments during the 1970 decade, as the counterculture, the censorship, the repression and the torture of all considered subversive. Recognized as composer of many talents, the singer figures among the most renowned artists of the last years in the Brazilian popular music. Discloser of Alternative Society, that in full military regime had as slogan "do what you want, because it is everything within the law", he did of his music speeches having an innovative spirit to say old things with new characteristics, mixing differentiated rhythms that, according to the artist, "had the same malices", such as rock and roll and the baião (Brazilian folk music and dance), and, thus, constituting trends. This study is divided in three chapters: in the first - "If today I am a star, tomorrow it has already faded... of Raulzito to Raul Seixas" - they narrate the artist's path since the beginning of his career, the success and the last years of life. In the second "The monster SIST is gargantuan and crazy to have sex with me... Raul Seixas and the Censorship" - the censorship, the manifest comic book, main theoretical instrument for the implementing the Alternative Society in Brazil, and the dialogue between the censorship and the censured music, are studied. Finally, in the third party "Because there are just truths to say, to declare... Raul Seixas and the Federal Police" it presents how the persecution, the artist s prison, torture and exile took place
Esta dissertação busca resgatar a importância do cantor e compositor Raul Seixas (1945-1989) no período entre a ditadura militar e a promulgação da Constituição de 1988. Procura, ainda, verificar sua inserção no cenário artístico brasileiro e em outros segmentos durante a década de 1970, como a contracultura, a censura, a repressão e a tortura a todos os considerados subversivos. Reconhecido como compositor de muitos talentos, o cantor figurou entre os mais renomados artistas dos últimos anos na Música Popular Brasileira. Divulgador da Sociedade Alternativa, que em pleno regime militar tinha como lema faz o que tu queres, pois é tudo da lei , fez de suas músicas discursos dotados de um espírito inovador para dizer coisas velhas com características novas, misturando diferenciados ritmos que, segundo o artista, tinham as mesmas malícias , como o rock and roll e o baião, e, assim, constituindo tendências. O presente estudo está dividido em três capítulos: no primeiro Se hoje eu sou estrela, amanhã já se apagou... de Raulzito a Raul Seixas narram-se a trajetória do artista desde o início de sua carreira, o sucesso e os últimos anos de vida. No segundo O monstro SIST é retado e tá doido pra transar comigo... Raul Seixas e a Censura são estudados a censura, o gibi-manifesto, principal instrumento teórico para a implantação da Sociedade Alternativa no Brasil, e o diálogo entre a censura e as músicas censuradas. Por fim, no terceiro Porque só tem verdades pra dizer, pra declarar... Raul Seixas e a Polícia Federal apresenta-se como ocorreram a perseguição, a prisão, a tortura e o exílio ao artista
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Oliva, Fernando Augusto. "Um crítico em mutação: Frederico Morais e a arte brasileira em três momentos (1966-1973; 1974-1984; 1985-2012)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27160/tde-12012018-102640/.
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O interesse desta tese reside na persistência da questão da \"arte brasileira\" na crítica de Frederico Morais (Belo Horizonte, 1936) em três períodos distintos de sua produção, os quais nomeio, de acordo com o comportamento de seu discurso: \"Contestação\" (1966-1973), \"Dúvidas\" (1974-1984) e \"Conciliação\" (1985-2012). Parte-se do fato de que a formulação de um debate em torno da definição do que seria uma \"arte brasileira\" surgiu ainda no século XIX - embora já tivesse se delineado em termos literários no século anterior - e foi se transformando com o passar do tempo, mantendo-se vivo, porque ainda em discussão, durante o século seguinte. Nesse contexto, procurou-se identificar, na produção de Frederico Morais, a sobrevivência da questão do nacional e, ainda, mostrar de que maneira ele se utiliza de uma prática constante de revisão da história - por meio de textos publicados na imprensa, mas também manuais, cronologias e \"enciclopédias\" - para manter essa discussão em pauta. No Capítulo 1 (\"Contestação\") analiso o primeiro período de sua crítica de arte, caracterizado pela adoção de um discurso assertivo e militante, em defesa de uma \"arte brasileira\" como um espaço privilegiado para a experimentação e a resistência. Nessa época, ele apoia incondicionalmente a \"vanguarda brasileira\", movimento que, segundo o autor, estaria sediado no Rio de Janeiro, expandindose a partir da antiga capital para o restante do país. No Capítulo 2 (\"Dúvidas\") trato de sua fase de transição, em que se revela certo desencanto com a situação da vanguarda no Brasil. No Capítulo 3 (\"Conciliação\") abordo o segundo período do crítico, quando se consolida o processo em que Frederico Morais abdica da defesa do \"novo\" enquanto principal saída para a \"arte brasileira\", passando a revisar tanto suas posições como parte significativa da história da arte brasileira. Nesse percurso, seus vai adotando posturas mais conciliatórias, menos intransigentes para o que entende como possibilidades de uma produção artística de caráter brasileiro. Esta tese procurou demonstrar que é possível encontrar ecos do desejo por uma arte nacional em críticas, ensaios e artigos que atravessam as três fases do percurso de Morais. Buscou ainda apontar as contradições e fragilidades que surgiram entre duas posturas distintas do crítico em relação à produção artística do período no país: uma, a escolha pelo que seria \"genuinamente nacional\", aproximando-se de algo que singularizasse a arte produzida no Brasil em relação àquela que se apresentava assertivamente como internacional; outra, colocandose contra o risco do isolamento, do atraso e do descompasso em relação ao mundo, adotava a opção por se deixar levar pelas correntes artísticas que vinham dos Estados Unidos e Europa.The interest of this thesis lies in the persistence of the question of Brazilian art in the criticism produced by Frederico Morais (Belo Horizonte, 1936) in three distinct periods of his production, which I have named, according to the behavior of his discourse, as \"Contestation\" (1966-1973), \"Doubts\" (1974-1984) and \"Conciliation\" (1985-2012). The starting point resides in the debate formulated around the definition of what Brazilian art is, which emerged in the nineteenth century -- although it had already been delineated in literary terms in the previous century --, a debate that changed over time, kept alive in discussion throughout the following century. In this context, the thesis aims to identify the survival of this question of the national in Morais\' production. It also proposes to show -- through texts published in the press, but also in chronologies, manuals and \"encyclopedias\" -- how he makes constant use of historical revision to keep the discussion relative to Brazilian art on the agenda of public debate. In Chapter 1, I analyze his first period, characterized by the assertive and militant discourse adopted in defense of Brazilian art as a privileged space for experimentation, resistance and, above all, for the avant-garde. In his view, this movement was based in Rio de Janeiro, expanding from the former capital to the rest of the country. In Chapter 2, I deal with his transitional period, which reveals a certain disenchantment with the situation of the avant-garde in Brazilian art. In Chapter 3, I address the critic\'s second period, which consolidates the process in which Morais abdicates the defense of the \"new\" as the principal \"way ahead\" for Brazilian art, and comes to revise not only his positions, but a significant part of the history of the Brazilian art as well. Over the course of time, Morais gradually adopts positions that are less intransigent and more conciliatory regarding what he understands as possibilities for an artistic production with Brazilian character. This thesis has attempted to demonstrate the possibility of finding echoes of this desire for a national art in criticism, essays and articles that intersect the three phases in the trajectory of Frederico Morais. It has also sought to indicate the contradictions and fragilities that emerged between two distinct stances adopted by the critic in relation to the period\'s artistic production: the option for what could be considered \"genuinely national\", making advances in the direction of something that would singularize it in relation to an art that presents itself assertively as international; or the option to counter the danger of isolation, backwardness and being out-of-step with the world, by choosing to be carried along by the artistic currents imported from the United States and Europe.
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Benavente, Secco Mario Gonzalo. "Nos siguen pegando abajo o el rock como fenómeno de resistencia: Narrador metadiegético, censura y lo cinematográfico en las canciones de Charly García, en el contexto de la última dictadura militar en Argentina." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12932.
Full textAbstract:
La siguiente tesis explora la evolución que se presenta en las letras de las canciones del
músico argentino Charly García, entre los años 1974 y 1984 (antes, durante y después de la
última dictadura militar de su país, conocida también como “Proceso de Reorganización
Nacional”). Atravesando su participación en las bandas Sui Generis, La Máquina de Hacer
Pájaros y Serú Girán, así como los inicios de su carrera solista, este estudio pretende identificar
y explorar las estrategias narrativas que, desde lo literario, se hacen presentes a lo largo de la
obra de García, priorizando el análisis sobre el uso del narrador metadiegético en primera
persona, el mismo que utiliza Charly para plasmar una visión particular sobre la responsabilidad
que tiene el artista frente a una sociedad convulsionada de la que también es parte. Asimismo,
ahondaremos en el uso de referencias cinematográficas como estrategia para hablar del rol que
tiene el arte en relación a (d)enunciar los atropellos que se ejecutan desde el poder, evadiendo
los mecanismos de censura que la dictadura sistematizó.Tesis
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Avcioglu-Ayturk, Mubeccel Didem. "A simulation of Industry and occupation codes in 1970 and 1980 U.S Census." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-060105-161730/.
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Sgarbi, Elielson Antonio. "Os apontamentos (1972 - 1975) - Crônicas Políticas : Portugal segundo José Saramago /." Assis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192951.
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Orientador: Sandra Aparecida FerreiraResumo: Esta tese efetua uma análise das crônicas políticas reunidas em Os Apontamentos (1990), de José Saramago (1922 – 2010), com o objetivo de elucidar as relações estabelecidas entre as crônicas e os acontecimentos que nortearam a política portuguesa e europeia nos anos 70. A hipótese é a de que essas crônicas apresentam, por meio de uma atenção rigorosa às manifestações dos dirigentes, uma reflexão destinada a apontar o alcance e as limitações da esfera governamental. Para fundamentar essa hipótese, apresenta-se o posicionamento de Saramago quanto ao intenso processo migratório derivado das péssimas condições de vida do campesinato, da precária industrialização, dos baixos salários e da exploração do trabalhador pela elite lusa. O permanente desassossego de Saramago com as limitações e assimetrias socioeconômicas de Portugal é também explicitado na discussão sobre a natureza do vínculo entre portugueses e europeus, que dá ensejo à vocação ibérica do escritor, francamente contrário ao paradigma neoliberal europeu. Em Os Apontamentos, destaca-se também o compromisso do escritor com os ideais comunistas, balizadores das esperanças e das decepções de José Saramago com a Revolução dos Cravos (25/04/1974) com destaque para as adversidades do período pós-revolucionário, bem como para a consecução de projetos políticos para a instauração da democracia. Dentre as obras que norteiam a análise do perfil jornalístico de José Saramago empreendida nesta tese, estão O Império derrotado (2006),... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
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Bocquenet, Bernard. "La Censure sous Vichy en Béarn 1940-1944." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU1029/document.
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A la déclaration de guerre en septembre 1939, la censure est rétablie sous le contrôle des militaires pour empêcher les critiques de la politique du gouvernement et encadrer les informations militaires. Les bureaux de la censure s'installent à Pau et contrôlent la presse départementale. Après l'armistice, la censure passe aux mains des civils et se structure dans le cadre d'une organisation régionale, dépendant d'une censure centrale à Vichy. En novembre 1941, la nomination à Pau d'Henri Peyre durcit le contrôle de presse. Les conflits se multiplient avec les trois quotidiens : Le Patriote, l'Indépendant et France Pyrénées. Le censeur transforme ses services en une officine de propagande et de délation. Il surveille de très près la vie publique et culturelle avec beaucoup de zèle. A la Libération, les journaux palois passent en jugement et disparaissent, le censeur est condamné à dix ans de travaux forcésFollowing the declaration of war in September 1939, censorship is reestablished under the control of military forces to prevent people from criticizing the government’s policy and to regulate the communication of military information. Censorship offices settle down in Pau and check the departmental press. After the armistice is signed, censorship falls into the hands of civilians and forms itself under a regional organization which depends on the central censorship office in Vichy. In November 1941, when Henri Peyre is nominated in Pau, measures to monitor the press are strengthened. There are increasing numbers of conflicts involving the three daily newspapers: Le Patriote, l'Indépendant and France Pyrénées. The censor transforms his services into a propaganda and informing outlet. He closely monitors the public and cultural life with great zeal. After the liberation, newspapers in Pau stand trial and disappear. The censor, in turn, is sentenced to ten years of forced labour
Books on the topic "Census, 1974"
1
Ohadike, Patrick O. Analysis of 1974 census: Fertility and mortality levels and differentials in Liberia. Legon, Ghana: Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, 1988.
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Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (Argentina), ed. Industria manufacturera. Buenos Aires: República Argentina, Presidencia de la Nación, Secretaría de Planificación, Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, 1989.
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Ohadike, Patrick O. Determinants of quality of age and sex data: A case study of the 1974 Liberian census. Legon, Ghana: Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, 1987.
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United States. Bureau of the Census. Regional geographic areas conferences: October 9, 1984, October 26, 1984, November 9, 1984. Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1985.
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Ahmed, Jelaludin. Census of Ethiopia, 1984. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Central Statistical Office, 1987.
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Singapore. Dept. of Statistics., ed. Census of services, 1994. Singapore: Dept. of Statistics, 1995.
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Agriculture, Belize Ministry of, ed. Agricultural census, 1984-1985. [Belize]: Ministry of Agriculture, 1987.
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Office, Philippines National Statistics, ed. 1994 census of establishments. Manila: Republic of the Philippines, National Statistics Office, 1997.
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Bowen, Jeff. North Carolina Eastern Cherokee Indian census, 1898-1899, 1904, 1906, 1909-1912, 1914. [S.l.]: Reformatting for New Publisher 2008, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Census, 1974"
1
Gulati, Ashok, Shweta Saini, and Ranjana Roy. "Going Beyond Agricultural GDP to Farmers’ Incomes." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 281–318. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9335-2_10.
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Ivešić, Tomaž. "Yugoslav National Identification and the 1971 Census 1." In The Rise and Fall of Communist Yugoslavism, 176–201. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003356974-8.
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Anderson, Margo, and William Seltzer. "Census Bureau Data Releases During Wartime, 1942–1947." In Use and Misuse of the United States Census, 163–84. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38619-0_7.
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Velázquez, Guillermo Angel, and Juan Pablo Celemín. "Quality of Life in Argentina. Analysis from the Third National Census (1914)." In The Latin American Studies Book Series, 81–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15262-7_4.
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Velázquez, Guillermo Angel, Juan Pablo Celemín, and Fernando Manzano. "Quality of Life in Argentina. Analysis from the Fourth National Census (1947)." In The Latin American Studies Book Series, 103–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15262-7_5.
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Fasola, Mauro. "Laridae and Sternidae Breeding in Italy: Report on the 1982–1984 Census Project." In Mediterranean Marine Avifauna, 3–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70895-4_1.
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Louckx, Kaat. "“Lies, Damned Lies and State-istics”: Counting “Real Inhabitants” in the Census (Belgium, 1846–1947)." In Science, Numbers and Politics, 29–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11208-0_3.
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Minturn, Leigh. "Towards Equality." In Sita’s Daughters: Coming Out of Purdah, 319–36. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195080353.003.0015.
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Abstract In this final chapter I will place the information of my study in regional, national, international, and theoretical context. I will also suggest some topics for future research. The International Decade of Women, sponsored by the United Nations, began in 1975. In connection with this effort to improve women’s status, all U.N. members were asked to prepare reports on the status of women in their countries. The Indian government’s report, prepared by some of India’s most prominent women scholars, was published in December 1974 (Towards Equality, 1974). The sources of information used to prepare Towards Equality were: (a) basic documentary sources such as census records providing demographic data, (b) special studies on literature prepared at the request of the report’s authors by scholars and specialists in the field, and (c) firsthand information from tours to different states and territories, empirical studies and discussions with specialists. In this chapter I will utilize relevant information from Towards Equality to place the information of my study in a state and national context. Whenever possible I use demographic information with comparable census figures for Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), the state in which Khalapur is located, as the comparison base.
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Utomo, Buoi, and Meiwita Budiharsana Iskandar. "Socio-economic Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality in Indonesia in the 1970s: Trends, Causes, and Implications." In Differential Mortality, 145–55. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198288824.003.0008.
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Abstract In Indonesia, data on infant and child mortality are almost invariably based on indirect techniques of measurement. Soemantri (1983) has shown that estimates from different censuses and surveys provide evidence of a general decline in infant and child mortality levels, though there is a 10 per cent gap between the trends obtained from the 1971 population census and from the 1976 intercensal population survey (Figure 7.1). Hull and Sunaryo (1978) suggested that this was due partly to age misstatements and partly to the design of the questions.
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Shirley, Ian, Peggy Koopman-Boyden Ian Pool, and St John. "The Income of Families: Earnings and Transfers." In Family Change and Family Policies in Great Britain, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, 359–76. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198290254.003.0023.
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Abstract The economic situation of families with children is largely contingent on five factors: the rate of employment; the level of wages; the number of earners in the family; and the size and the composition of the family, i.e., the number of children and whether the family is headed by one or two parents. Government income transfers can offset some of the consequences of the other four factors, but in the US such transfers have been modest. Except during the 1930s, the gross domestic product (GDP) rose steadily from the beginning of the twentieth century. Per capita real GDP increased by about two-thirds between World War II and 1974 but only by about one-fourth between 1974 and 1992. Families’ standard of living improved steadily between World War II and 1974 but later stagnated, with different consequences for different types of families. The rnid-1970s may be thought of as the post-World War II watershed in the economic situation of families. The slowdown in economic growth following the first world-wide oil shortage had significant consequences for family economic well-being. Family income inequality increased during the latter period, with shares in family income rising only for the highest quintile, declining for the three lowest, and remaining stable for the fourth (US Bureau of the Census, 1992). The economic situation of the poor also worsened during these years.
Conference papers on the topic "Census, 1974"
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Machado, Vanessa Rosa, and Fábio Lopes de Souza Santos. "A revista Malasartes: a crítica ao projeto político-cultural do modernismo e a produção experimental dos anos 1970." In Encontro de História da Arte. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/eha.8.2012.4360.
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A revista Malasartes, editada por críticos atuantes ou artistas então emergentes como Carlos Vergara, Bernardo de Vilhena, Carlos Zilio, Cildo Meirelles, José Resende, Luiz Paulo Baravelli, Ronaldo Brito, Rubens Gerchman e Waltércio Caldas, responde a certa consolidação do mercado, o chamado “boom”, também repercute o desenvolvimento da arte internacional, cujos avanços conceituais e experimentais dos anos 1960 e 1970 ainda não tinham sido inteiramente assimilados aqui no Brasil. Surge durante um período de profundas transformações no contexto político-cultural. Embora publicada em apenas três números entre 1975 e 1976, se diferencia das demais revistas de arte pela veiculação de textos e propostas artísticas que, se não se opunham, questionavam o funcionamento do circuito de arte no Brasil e o mercado de arte que se estabelecia . O próprio nome da revista, uma referência à figura folclórica de Pedro Malasartes, sugere o sentido de astúcia frente aos poderosos naquele contexto, marcado pela Ditadura e pela censura.
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"The Three-Hundred-Year Demographic History of Ekaterinburg: Sources and Historiography." In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-1-12.
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The paper presents the results of the historical study of the population formation in Ekaterinburg over a 300-year period. Historical sources and the process of accumulating knowledge about the number of city residents were examined. Analysis of population data revealed that the process of collecting demographic information on Russia (and, accordingly, on Ekaterinburg) took a century and a half (from the 18th century until almost the 1870s). The role of the head of the Ekaterinburg mining plants, academician I. F. Herman, in the development of population tables is shown. Since 1873, when the first one-day census of the city’s population was conducted, and then 1887, statistical and demographic information has become representative. The main source for examining the population formation of the city were the censuses of 1897, 1920, 1923, 1926, 1931, 1937, 1939, 1959, 1979, 1989, 2002, 2010, as well as the current population records. A brief review of historical literature showed that the study of the population of Ekaterinburg is in its infancy.
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Cole, Ronald, David G. Novick, Mark Fanty, Pieter Vermeulen, Stephen Sutton, Dan Burnett, and Johan Schalkwyk. "A prototype voice-response questionnaire for the u.s. census." In 3rd International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1994). ISCA: ISCA, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1994-173.
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Beuting, Anderson, and Bruno César Volpato Martins. "Evolução histórica da verticalização de Balneário Camboriú: Orla da Praia e área central da cidade." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6258.
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Balneário Camboriú localiza-se em Santa Catarina, conta com 108.089 habitantes (IBGE 2010) e área territorial de 46 km², com 100% desta área em perímetro urbano. Este trabalho tem como objetivo o mapeamento e a análise da evolução histórica da verticalização, relativa a distribuição espacial dos edifícios na área central do município e dos índices urbanísticos presentes nos Planos Diretores vigentes desde a sua emancipação em 1964, como também, dos dados estatísticos demográficos dos censos ao longo desde período, levantados junto à prefeitura municipal e ao IBGE. Os resultados demonstram a crescente verticalização em bairros contíguos ao centro, a partir do desenvolvimento da orla e do aumento das populações fixa e flutuante, e consequentemente a demanda por novos empreendimentos – algo que já é visto como característica única de Balneário Camboriú no contexto em que está inserida. Balneario Camboriu is located in Santa Catarina, with 108.089 inhabitants (IBGE 2010) and an area of 46 sq km, with 100% of this area in the urban perimeter. This research aims to map and analyze the Historical Evolution of the Verticalization relative to the spatial distribution of the buildings within the city and Urban Index within the current and past Master Plan zoning laws since its emancipation in 1964, as well as statistical demographic data retrieved from the various census in this period, gathered with the Urban Planning division of the city hall, as well as with IBGE. The results show an increase of the city.s verticalizationin the areas adjacent from the center, from the development of the seashore and increase of population (fixed and floating) . and the consequent demand for new undertakings . something well known as a strong characteristic of BalnearioCamboriu in the context it is inserted.
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Uvarov, S. "Literacy of the Population in Udmurtia According to the Census of 1926 in the Period from 1934 to 1937." In XIII Ural Demographic Forum. Global challenges to demographic development. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2022-1-19.
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The article examines the literacy of the population of the Votyak Autonomous Region in 1926 in a later period (at the beginning of 1934 and until the end of 1937). Based on new scientific data, a comparative analysis of the literacy of the population by sex, place of residence (urban settlements and rural areas) and age cohorts was conducted in a comparable territory over a longer period of time. This study is especially relevant for Udmurtia, whose administrative-territorial boundaries in the 1920s–1930s often changed. In particular, the comparison revealed that during 1926–1933, a rural territory became a part of Udmurtia, in which in 1926 a more literate population lived than in the region itself.
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Zharkov, A. "Literacy Index of the Population of the Middle Urals in the 1960s." In XIII Ural Demographic Forum. Global challenges to demographic development. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2022-1-7.
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Based on population census data, the article compares the literacy index of the population of the Middle Urals (Sverdlovsk oblast) and the RSFSR in 1959 and 1970 and analyses the changes that have occurred over the decade. The literacy index is understood as the educational level of the population: the ratio of the number of people with a certain education to the total number of people of a certain age, in ppm. A significant increase in the literacy index of the population of the Middle Urals is noted. The share of people with incomplete secondary and secondary general education increased more intensively than in the RSFSR. However, the proportion of people with secondary professional and higher and incomplete higher education either decreased or remained unchanged compared to the national indicators, indicating a less intensive growth of these educational levels. Great successes in the development of secondary general and incomplete secondary education in the region and the presence of problems in the development of secondary professioanl and higher education are stated.
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Vieira, Samuel Mendes. "Porta adentro: cenas de intimidade na pintura de Belmiro de Almeida." In Encontro de História da Arte. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/eha.8.2012.4353.
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A produção artística e o ensino das artes no Brasil dos oitocentos tem sido alvo de importantes reavaliações críticas, que desde as décadas de 1970, passando pelos anos 1980 até a atualidade, trouxeram avanços e revisões com o intuito de ampliar a compreensão e eliminar conceitos generalizantes e restritivos. Essa literatura renovada, resultado de novas abordagens e diferentes pontos de vista, contribuiu na valorização de obras e artistas antes negligenciados pela crítica modernista.
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Kolomiiciuk, Oleksandr. "A break of tradition: the case of deported ukrainians from Western Boykivshchyna in 1947." In Ethnology Symposium "Ethnic traditions and processes", Edition II. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975333788.29.
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In this article, based on the materials of the author’s search ethnographic expeditions аnd published works, by the example of ritual culture the result of breaking tradition of Ukrainians from Western Boykivshchyna, who were displaced within the framework of ’Operation Vistula’ have been analysed. It was the forced resettlement of approximately 150,000 Ukrainians and mixed Polish-Ukrainian families from the territory of Rzeszów, Lublin and Krakow provinces (Voivodeships) to the western and northern territories of Poland (1947–1950). After the deportation of the Ukrainians, the processes of accelerated breaking of both their the way of life and the unique world of traditional culture with its archaic customs and rites have begun. This was actively facilitated by local government policies aimed at inciting inter-ethnic tensions, creating difficult relations with representatives of various regional groups of the Polish ethnic community, as well as censure and ridicule of the traditional elements of the folk culture of re-settlers by their neighbors. Nevertheless, with the help of tradition (in ritual form or in form of their memories), re-settlers from Western Boykivshchyna continue to keep memory of their own (non) traumatic past, and, based on it, construct their own identity in the perspective of modernity.
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Ambadi, Djidda Oumar. "The Roughage Problem and Solutions in Animal Feeding in Chad." In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.003.
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Chad, a landlocked country in Central Africa with an area of 1,284,000 km², is divided into three major agro-climatic zones: the Saharan zone (47% of the area), the Sahelian zone (43% of the area), and the Sudanian zone (10% of the area). In the last census 2018, the agricultural land amounted to about 502,380 square kilometers. Agriculture accounts for two-thirds of the economy in Chad and livestock remains one of the economic backbones with cattle population being the most predominant. Pigs and chicken population are relatively small. Milk producing animals increased from 1.16 million heads in 1971 to 3.95 million head in 2020 growing at an average annual rate of 2.75%. Roughage shortage, both in quantity and quality, remains the main problem of animal production in Chad. The use of roughage in the nutrition of ruminant animals is of great physiological and economic importance. In order to produce quality roughage, it is important to rehabilitate the available meadow pasture, increase the roughage planting areas, and enhance forage conservation through silage and hay making. This review discusses the strategies to get quality and cheap roughage in order to avoid future challenges in livestock production in Chad.
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Trnavčević, Nevena, and Aleksandar Knežević. "Methodological questions in researching the mortality of statistically variable ethnic groups in Serbia." In Population in Post-Yugoslav Countries: (Dis)Similarities and Perspectives. Institute of Social Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59954/ppycdsp2024.25.
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Questions of ethnic identity in multicultural societies are of particular importance today and are reflected in various ethnostatistical and ethnodemographic studies. In addition to the population census, an equally important source of data for ethnodemographic research is the vital statistics that has been recorded in Serbia since the first half of the 19th century, but the distribution of data by nationality has only been available since the 1950s. In the post-war period, vital statistics underwent methodological changes, particularly between 1965 and 1970, when the publication of vital events by nationality was suspended, making it difficult to study the demographics of those ethnic groups that experienced negative natural increase for the first time during this period. The second problem is related to the application of subjective criteria in the ethnic declaration of vital events, which directly causes a statistical discrepancy between the declared ethnic identity of the mother at birth and the statement of the death reporter of the same person. This phenomenon is especially pronounced in statistically variable (floating) ethnic groups whose population size fluctuates due to their frequent change of attitude when stating their own ethnic identity in official statistics. Therefore, in this paper we will focus on the study of the quality of ethnostatistical data of vital statistics using the example of a comparative analysis of selected mortality indicators according to the period 1970-2020 which directly influenced the pronounced fluctuations in the dynamics of the natural movement of certain ethnic groups. This will show whether vital statistics data can be accepted and used without restriction as a quantitative basis for demographic and other research.
Reports on the topic "Census, 1974"
1
Greenstone, Michael. The Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Industrial Activity: Evidence from the 1970 & 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments and the Census of Manufactures. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8484.
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Chong, Alberto E., Eliana La Ferrara, and Suzanne Duryea. Soap Operas and Fertility: Evidence from Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010891.
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This paper focuses on fertility choices in Brazil, a country where soap operas (novelas) portray families that are much smaller than in reality, to study the effects of television on individual behavior. Using Census data for the period 1970-1991, the paper finds that women living in areas covered by the Globo signal have significantly lower fertility. The effect is strongest for women of lower socioeconomic status and for women in the central and late phases of their fertility cycle. Finally, the paper provides evidence that novelas, rather than television in general, affected individual choices.
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Chong, Alberto E., and Eliana La Ferrara. Television and Divorce: Evidence from Brazilian Novelas. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010906.
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This paper studies the link between television and divorce in Brazil by exploiting variation in the timing of availability of the signal of Rede Globo -the network that had a virtual monopoly on telenovelas in the countryacross municipal areas. Using three rounds of Census data (1970, 1980 and 1991) and controlling for area fixed effects and for time-varying characteristics, the paper finds that the share of women who are separated or divorced increases significantly after the Globo signal becomes available. The effect is robust to controlling for potential determinants of Globos entry strategy and is stronger for relatively smaller areas, where the signal reaches a higher fraction of the population.
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Salgado, Edgar, Eduardo Morón, and Cristhian Seminario. Regional Financial Development and Firm Growth in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011495.
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This paper documents the relationship between regional financial development and firm growth in the Peruvian manufacturing sector. In order to control for mutual causality between credit availability and firm growth, industry differences in financial dependence on external funds are exploited. The 1994 and 2008 rounds of the National Economic Census are used, permitting analysis at the firm level as well as the activity level. Results suggest a significant and positive effect of financial deepening on surviving firms` growth. However, this effect is smaller for micro enterprises, suggesting that the cost of external funding decreases with financial development mainly for large firms. The conclusions remain unchanged when entering and exiting firms are included. The paper further finds that credit expansion have encouraged not only firm growth but also firm entry. The results are robust using an alternative measure of financial dependence.
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Jaramillo-Echeverri, Juliana. La transición de la fecundidad en Colombia: nueva evidencia regional. Banco de la República, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/chee.60.
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Colombia experimentó uno de los descensos en fecundidad más rápidos del mundo: el número de hijos e hijas por mujer bajó de 7 en 1960 a 3 en 1985. A pesar de las marcadas desigualdades del país, el carácter regional del descenso ha sido ignorado en investigaciones anteriores. Este artículo examina la caída de la fecundidad enfocándose en los patrones regionales. La investigación utiliza los censos de población de 1973 y 1993 para ofrecer una perspectiva empírica detallada de la transición de fecundidad en el país. Se analizan patrones espaciales por medio de Indicadores Locales de Asociación Espacial (LISA, por sus siglas en inglés) para identificar clústeres geográficos y explorar la asociación entre la geografía y la fecundidad antes y durante su transición. Además, se presentan nuevas estimaciones de las tasas de fecundidad de 1958 a 1990, tanto nacionales como departamentales. Los resultados indican que, antes de la transición de fecundidad, las tendencias estaban influenciados por legados históricos derivados de diferencias en las condiciones geográficas. Sin embargo, a partir de 1964, la fecundidad empezó a descender simultáneamente en todos los departamentos, independientemente de sus tasas tradicionales de fecundidad. Aunque la convergencia regional de las tasas de fecundidad no se alcanzó para 1983, la tasa total se redujo a la mitad en la mayoría de los departamentos en tan solo 25 años. A pesar de las diferencias regionales, el descenso de la fecundidad fue rápido, y generalizado. Este descenso simultáneo sugiere que las mejoras socioeconómicas por sí solas no siempre explican los procesos demográficos.
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Flici, Farid, and Nacer-Eddine Hammouda. Mortality evolution in Algeria: What can we learn about data quality? Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res1.3.
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Mortality in Algeria has declined significantly since the country declared its independence in 1962. This trend has been accompanied by improvements in data quality and changes in estimation methodology, both of which are scarcely documented, and may distort the natural evolution of mortality as reported in official statistics. In this paper, our aim is to detect these methodological and data quality changes by means of the visual inspection of mortality surfaces, which represent the evolution of mortality rates, mortality improvement rates and the male-female mortality ratio over age and time. Data quality problems are clearly visible during the 1977–1982 period. The quality of mortality data has improved after 1983, and even further since the population census of 1998, which coincided with the end of the civil war. Additional inexplicable patterns have also been detected, such as a changing mortality age pattern during the period before 1983, and a changing pattern of excess female mortality at reproductive ages, which suddenly appears in 1983 and disappears in 1992.
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Angel Baquero, Sergio, Omara Ruíz Urquiola, José Raúl Gallego, Alenmichel Aguiló, Leonardo Fernández, Dimas Castellanos, Maria Camila Herrera Sosa, and David Gómez. La deformación del magisterio en Cuba. De las Escuelas Normales a los "maestros emergentes. Edited by Catalina Rodríguez. 4Métrica, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56650/9786287714090.
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El equipo del Observatorio de Libertad Académica presenta su cuadragésimo informe titulado La deformación del magisterio en Cuba. De las Escuelas Normales a los “maestros emergentes”, correspondiente al mes de abril de 2024. Esta entrega reúne las incidencias relacionadas con la censura a dos profesores del nivel medio de la enseñanza general, ambos castigados por acercarse a personalidades destacadas en la defensa de los derechos humanos en Cuba. También se incluyen los análisis concernientes a la erradicación de las Escuelas Normales para la formación profesoral, y a la Carta Magna de 1976, la primera del período revolucionario.
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Miller, Sebastián J., and Germán Caruso. Quake'n and Shake'n...Forever! Long-Run Effects of Natural Disasters: A Case Study on the 1970 Ancash Earthquake. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011658.
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This study estimates the effects of the 1970 Ancash earthquake on human capital accumulation on the affected and subsequent generation, 37 years after the shock, using the Peruvian censuses of 1993 and 2007. The main finding is that males affected by the earthquake in utero completed on average 0. 5 years less schooling while females affected by the earthquake completed 0. 8 years less schooling. Surprisingly, those whose mothers were affected at birth by the earthquake have 0. 4 less years of education, while those whose fathers were affected by the earthquake at birth have no effects on their education. The evaluation of other outcomes also suggests that the level of welfare of the affected individuals has been negatively impacted in the long run. The present investigation supports previous literature on shocks in early childhood, providing evidence of the existence of intergenerational transmission of shocks.
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Ziesler, Pamela, and Claire Spalding. Statistical abstract: 2021. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293345.
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In 2021, recreation visits to National Park Service (NPS) sites rebounded from the COVID-19 pandemic-driven low visitation of 2020 and climbed to 297,115,406 recreation visits. This is an increase of 60 million recreation visits (+25.3%) from 2020 and a decrease of 30 million recreation visits (-9.3%) from 2019. Recreation visitor hours were 1,356,657,749 – a 28.6% increase from 2020 and a 5.1% decrease from 2019. Total overnight stays followed a similar pattern with 12,745,455 overnight stays – up 4.7 million (+58.5%) from 2020 and down 1.1 million (-8%) from 2019. Five parks were added to the reporting system in 2021: Alagnak Wild River in Alaska, Camp Nelson National Monument in Kentucky, Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument in Mississippi, Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument in Nevada, and World War I Memorial in Washington, D.C. These parks were responsible for over 629,000 recreation visits in 2021. Factors influencing visits to National Park System units in 2021 include: continuing closures and limited capacities due to COVID-19 mitigation at some parks, temporary closures for wildland fires in 2021 (eleven parks), severe regional smoke/haze from ongoing wildland fires throughout the summer and early autumn affecting parks in the western half and northern tier of states in the continental U.S., two hurricanes in 2021 – both in August – impacted visitation: Hurricane Henri caused temporary closures of some parks in the northeast and Hurricane Ida caused temporary closures of parks along the Gulf Coast and generated some heavy flooding in the northeast, hurricanes and wildland fires in previous years resulting in lingering closures, most notably Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017, the Carr and Woolsey Fires in 2018, Hurricane Dorian in 2019, the Caldwell, Cameron Peak, East Troublesome, and Woodward Fires in 2020, and Hurricane Sally in 2020. Forty-four parks set a record for recreation visits in 2021 and 6 parks broke a record they set in 2020. See Appendix A for a list of record parks. The number of reporting units with over 10 million recreation visits was the same as in recent years (3 parks) and 73 parks had over 1 million recreation visits. Twenty-five percent of total recreation visits occurred in the top 8 parks and fifty percent of total visitation occurred in the top 25 parks. Several parks passed annual visitation milestones including Capulin Volcano NM which passed 100,000 annual recreation visits for the first time, Big Bend NP and Devils Tower NM which each passed 500,000 annual recreation visits for the first time, and Zion NP which passed 5 million visits for the first time. Other parks passed milestones for accumulated recreation visits including Hamilton Grange NMEM (1968-2021) and Palo Alto Battlefield NHP (2003-2021) each passing 1 million total recreation visits, Voyageurs NP (1976-2021) passing 10 million total recreation visits, and Hot Springs NP (1904-2021) passing 100 million total recreation visits. Population center designations were updated in 2021 to reflect overlap of park boundaries with statistical areas from the 2020 U.S. Census. Many population center changes reflect increases in local population as indicated by parks changing from rural to outlying or from outlying to suburban. Other changes reflect increasing complexity in population density as parks changed from a single designation, such as rural or suburban, to a mixed designation. See the Definitions section for population center definitions and Table B.1 for previous and updated population center designations by park. In the pages that follow, a series of tables and figures display visitor use data for calendar year 2021. By documenting these visits across the National Park System, the NPS Statistical Abstract offers a historical record of visitor use in parks and provides NPS staff and partners with a useful tool for effective management and planning. In 2021, 394 of 423 NPS units...
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Journeay, M., J. Z. K. Yip, C. L. Wagner, P. LeSueur, and T. Hobbs. Social vulnerability to natural hazards in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330295.
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While we are exposed to the physical effects of natural hazard processes, certain groups within a community often bear a disproportionate share of the negative consequences when a disaster strikes. This study addresses questions of why some places and population groups in Canada are more vulnerable to natural hazard processes than others, who is most likely to bear the greatest burden of risk within a given community or region, and what are the underlying factors that disproportionally affect the capacities of individuals and groups to withstand, cope with, and recover from the impacts and downstream consequences of a disaster. Our assessment of social vulnerability is based on principles and analytic methods established as part of the Hazards of Place model (Hewitt et al., 1971; Cutter, 1996), and a corresponding framework of indicators derived from demographic information compiled as part of the 2016 national census. Social determinants of hazard threat are evaluated in the context of backbone patterns that are associated with different types of human settlement (i.e., metropolitan, rural, and remote), and more detailed patterns of land use that reflect physical characteristics of the built environment and related functions that support the day-to-day needs of residents and businesses at the community level. Underlying factors that contribute to regional patterns of social vulnerability are evaluated through the lens of family structure and level of community connectedness (social capital); the ability of individuals and groups to take actions on their own to manage the outcomes of unexpected hazard events (autonomy); shelter conditions that will influence the relative degree of household displacement and reliance on emergency services (housing); and the economic means to sustain the requirements of day-to-day living (e.g., shelter, food, water, basic services) during periods of disruption that can affect employment and other sources of income (financial agency). Results of this study build on and contribute to ongoing research and development efforts within Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) to better understand the social and physical determinants of natural hazard risk in support of emergency management and broader dimensions of disaster resilience planning that are undertaken at a community level. Analytic methods and results described in this study are made available as part of an Open Source platform and provide a base of evidence that will be relevant to emergency planners, local authorities and supporting organizations responsible for managing the immediate physical impacts of natural hazard events in Canada, and planners responsible for the integration of disaster resilience principles into the broader context of sustainable land use and community development at the municipal level.