Journal articles: 'Census, 2012'

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Kerr, Zachary Y., Susan W. Yeargin, Yuri Hosokawa, Rebecca M. Hirschhorn, Lauren A. Pierpoint, and Douglas J. Casa. "The Epidemiology and Management of Exertional Heat Illnesses in High School Sports During the 2012/2013–2016/2017 Academic Years." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0364.

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Context: Recent data on exertional heat illness (EHI) in high school sports are limited yet warranted to identify specific settings with the highest risk of EHI. Objective: To describe the epidemiology of EHI in high school sports during the 2012/2013–2016/2017 academic years. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Aggregate injury and exposure data collected from athletic trainers working in high school sports in the United States. Patients or Other Participants: High school athletes during the 2012/2013–2016/2017 academic years. Intervention: High School Reporting Information Online surveillance system data from the 2012/2013–2016/2017 academic years were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures: EHI counts, rates per 10,000 athlete exposures (AEs), and distributions were examined by sport, event type, and US census region. EHI management strategies provided by athletic trainers were analyzed. Injury rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) compared EHI rates. Results: Overall, 300 EHIs were reported for an overall rate of 0.13/10,000 AE (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.14). Of these, 44.3% occurred in American football preseason practices; 20.7% occurred in American football preseason practices with a registered air temperature ≥90°F and ≥1 hour into practice. The EHI rate was higher in American football than all other sports (0.52 vs 0.04/10,000 AE; injury rate ratio = 11.87; 95% CI, 9.22 to 15.27). However, girls’ cross-country had the highest competition EHI rate (1.18/10,000 AE). The EHI rate was higher in the South US census region than all other US census regions (0.23 vs 0.08/10,000 AE; injury rate ratio = 2.96; 95% CI, 2.35 to 3.74). Common EHI management strategies included having medical staff on-site at the onset of EHI (92.7%), removing athlete from play (85.0%), and giving athlete fluids via the mouth (77.7%). Conclusions: American football continues to have the highest overall EHI rate although the high competition EHI rate in girls’ cross-country merits additional examination. Regional differences in EHI incidence, coupled with sport-specific variations in management, may highlight the need for region- and sport-specific EHI prevention guidelines.

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Parker, Robert P. "Initial Results of the 2012 Economic Census." Business Economics 49, no. 2 (April 2014): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/be.2014.6.

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Smith, AnnaClare C., Anna M. Van Kula, Greer M. Howard, and Paul M. Sommers. "Have Gun Control Laws Changed Since Newtown?" Journal of Student Research 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v4i1.203.

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Using data issued by the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, the authors examine the strength of statewide firearm laws across the United States one year before and after the 2012 school shooting in Newtown, Connecticut. Regressions fitted to the cross-section of all states in 2011 and 2013 show how Brady Scores differ across census divisions after allowing for statewide differences in firearm death rates and political party control of the state legislature. In the aftermath of Newtown, gun laws have either not changed or in census divisions where they have significantly changed, they have become less restrictive.

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Dittrich, David, Katherine Carpenter, and Manish Karir. "The Internet Census 2012 Dataset: An Ethical Examination." IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 34, no. 2 (June 2015): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mts.2015.2425592.

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Sesso, Ricardo Cintra, Antonio Alberto Lopes, Fernando Saldanha Thomé, Jocemir Ronaldo Lugon, Yoshimi Watanabe, and Daniel Rinaldi dos Santos. "Report of the Brazilian Chronic Dialysis Census 2012." Jornal Brasileiro de Nefrologia 36, no. 1 (2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0101-2800.20140009.

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Koce, Urška. "Abundance and distribution of the Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor at Ljubljansko barje (Central Slovenia) in winters 2008/09, 2011/12 and 2012/13." Acrocephalus 36, no. 166-167 (December 1, 2015): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acro-2015-0009.

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Results of the survey of wintering Great Grey Shrikes Lanius excubitor at Ljubljansko barje in winters 2008/09, 2011/12 and 2012/13 are presented. The census was conducted by 30-60 volunteers of the Ljubljana branch of DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia. The survey area was divided into 13-20 census plots. Locations of Great Grey Shrikes, types of structures on which the shrikes perched, and heights of their perches were recorded. The numbers of wintering Great Grey Shrikes at Ljubljansko barje were estimated at 57 (2008/09), 51 (2011/12) and 67 (2012/13) individuals. Crude densities in the census area were 4.2, 3.7 and 4.9 individuals/10 km2, whereas maximal local densities reached 15.0, 14.6 and 14.8 individuals/10 km2. The analysis of the actual land use revealed higher densities of Great Grey Shrikes in the areas with a higher proportion of grassland and a lower proportion of arable fields and gardens in winter 2008/09; there was no such gradient in the other two winters. Great Grey Shrikes were most often observed in treetops, on powerlines and bushes in winters 2011/12 and 2012/13, while in winter 2008/09 they were more often observed on herbaceous stems and less often on powerlines. Moreover, the heights of their perches were lower than in the other two winters.

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Baggs, James, Sophia Kazakova, Kelly M. Hatfield, Sujan Reddy, Arjun Srinivasan, Lauri Hicks, Melinda M. Neuhauser, and John A. Jernigan. "2891. Trends in Inpatient Antibiotic Use in US Hospitals, 2012–2017." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz359.169.

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Abstract Background The National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria calls for monitoring inpatient antibiotic use to inform stewardship efforts. We estimated national trends in inpatient antibiotic usage from 2012 to 2017 in a large cohort of US hospitals. Methods We utilized the Premier Healthcare Database, containing detailed administrative records available by census region, including inpatient drug utilization data based on billing records, for all patients discharged from a convenience sample of over 700 US hospitals annually, approximately 20% of US inpatient discharges. We retrospectively estimated days of therapy (DOT)/1,000 patient-days (PDs) by year overall and by antibiotic class. To examine trends over time, we created multivariable models adjusting for hospital-specific location of antibiotic use (ICU vs. other) and hospital-specific summary measures including average patient age, average co-morbidity score, case mix index, number of hospital beds, teaching status, urban/rural location, US census division, proportion of discharges with a surgical diagnosis-related code, and proportion of PDs with an infectious disease primary ICD-9/10-CM discharge code. Estimates and models were weighted to be nationally representative using projected weights from the database. Results 58% of patients had at least one antibiotic DOT, and the overall DOT for all hospitals was 810 DOT/1,000 PDs (interquartile range 701 to 913 DOT/1,000 PDs). Glycopeptides and third-/fourth-generation cephalosporins were the most common antibiotic classes (Figure 1). Overall antibiotic DOT did not change significantly over time, P = 0.9133. However, class-specific DOT varied with large decreases in fluoroquinolones from 2012 to 2017 (55% decrease, P < 0.0001), and large increases in third-/fourth-generation cephalosporins and tetracyclines (32% and 49% increase, respectively, P < 0.0001) (Figure 2). Overall antibiotic DOT significantly varied among US census divisions (Figure 3). Conclusion Estimated overall inpatient antibiotic DOT did not change in US hospitals from 2012 to 2017, but there were significant class-specific changes. The large decrease in fluoroquinolone use may reflect increased awareness of adverse events. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

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Subramaniam, Hari, Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska, Andrew Wilson, and John Bankart. "Representation of Black, Asian and minority ethnic patients in secondary care mental health services: analysis of 7-year access to memory services in Leicester and Leicestershire." BJPsych Bulletin 44, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2020.3.

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Aims and methodWe aimed to explore access by Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) elders to the memory services in Leicester and Leicestershire, examining any trends over time. We then compared the odds of referral by ethnicity, using observed versus expected referrals for the city of Leicester. We gathered data on a comprehensive county-wide memory clinic used by people with suspected dementia and memory problems from the Trust electronic record system during the period 2011–2017. For Leicester city, we compared referral rates for 2011–2017 and compared observed and expected referral rates with demographics from the UK Census 2011.ResultsIn Leicester, there was a significant underrepresentation of referrals from the BAME population as compared with the White population in 2011, 2012 and 2013, when compared with population estimates of those aged ≥60 years from the 2011 UK Census Leicester city data. Data for the Black population were too small for comparisons. The odds of being referred to a memory clinic for the White group was double that of the Asian group in 2011 (odds ratio 2.15, 95% CI 1.52–3.02) and nearly 1.5 times in 2012 (odds ratio 1.40, 95% CI 1.01–1.93). This difference did not persist after 2014. However, this differential odds of referral changes when the age difference between the groups is accounted for. After adjusting for age, there were no differences between the two groups in their odds of referral to the memory clinic from 2011 to 2013, but from 2014 to 2017, members of the Asian group had higher odds of being referred.Clinical implicationsThe relationship between BAME and access to memory services is complex. The relative lower prevalence of Asian people among referrals to memory services in Leicester from 2011 to 2013 may partly be explained by the lower ages of the Asian population at referral. The higher prevalence of Asian people in 2014–2017 may be owing to use of denominators from the 2011 UK Census, which are likely to be disproportionately low for this group. Further studies are needed to explore any potential barriers to the access of services by BAME communities.

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Young, Linda J., Andrea C. Lamas, and Denise A. Abreu. "The 2012 Census of Agriculture: A Capture–Recapture Analysis." Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics 22, no. 4 (September 6, 2017): 523–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13253-017-0303-8.

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Biggs, Louise J., and Cheryl M. Parker. "Updates to Western Australia’s vascular plant census for 2012." Nuytsia—The journal of the Western Australian Herbarium 23, Volume 23, 21 Nov 2013 (November 21, 2013): 503–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.58828/nuy00694.

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Short, John Rennie. "Metropolitan USA: Evidence from the 2010 Census." International Journal of Population Research 2012 (May 15, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/207532.

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I will review the major changes in the distribution of the metropolitan population of the United States (US), as revealed by the 2010 data recently released by the US Census. These data allow us to track recent changes and provide the basis for a discussion of longer-term trends identified in previous studies of US cities (Short 2006, 2007) and the city suburban nexus (Hanlon et al. 2010). In brief summary, the paper will show the continuing metropolitanization and suburbanization of the US population. A more nuanced picture will reveal evidence of stress in suburban areas and population resurgence in selected central city areas. Overall, the story is one of a profound revalorization and a major respatialization of the US metropolis.

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Wei, S., M. Morrison, and Z. Yu. "Bacterial census of poultry intestinal microbiome." Poultry Science 92, no. 3 (March 2013): 671–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02822.

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ŠÚR, MICHAL, NANCY BUNBURY, and JANSKE VAN DE CROMMENACKER. "Frigatebirds on Aldabra Atoll: population census, recommended monitoring protocol and sustainable tourism guidelines." Bird Conservation International 23, no. 2 (March 28, 2013): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000087.

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SummaryWe report the results of a survey of breeding Greater Frigatebird Fregata minor and Lesser Frigatebird F. ariel on Aldabra Atoll, a UNESCO World Heritage site in the Seychelles archipelago, which hosts the largest breeding population of frigatebirds in the Indian Ocean. All four colonies across the atoll were surveyed in 2011 and 2012 by counting adults on nests and chicks, and calculating the number of fledged birds. The breeding population in 2011 consisted of approximately 4,400 pairs of Greater Frigatebird and 6,600 pairs of Lesser Frigatebird. This is a potential increase of at least 10% since the last comparable surveys in 1976/77 and 2000. However, 2012 populations were considerably less than in 2011, highlighting significant annual variation and the need for more data. We also report a new breeding colony on the island of Picard, which was last reported to host breeding frigatebirds a century ago. We outline recommendations for future frigatebird monitoring on Aldabra and elsewhere and revisions to tourist regulations resulting from the census.

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Hoover, Stephen, Eric Jackson, David Paul, Robert Locke, and Muge Capan. "Time Series Analysis for Forecasting Hospital Census: Application to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit." Applied Clinical Informatics 07, no. 02 (April 2016): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2015-09-ra-0127.

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SummaryAccurate prediction of future patient census in hospital units is essential for patient safety, health outcomes, and resource planning. Forecasting census in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is particularly challenging due to limited ability to control the census and clinical trajectories. The fixed average census approach, using average census from previous year, is a forecasting alternative used in clinical practice, but has limitations due to census variations.Our objectives are to: (i) analyze the daily NICU census at a single health care facility and develop census forecasting models, (ii) explore models with and without patient data characteristics obtained at the time of admission, and (iii) evaluate accuracy of the models compared with the fixed average census approach.We used five years of retrospective daily NICU census data for model development (January 2008 - December 2012, N=1827 observations) and one year of data for validation (January - December 2013, N=365 observations). Best-fitting models of ARIMA and linear regression were applied to various 7-day prediction periods and compared using error statistics.The census showed a slightly increasing linear trend. Best fitting models included a nonseasonal model, ARIMA(1,0,0), seasonal ARIMA models, ARIMA(1,0,0)×(1,1,2)7 and ARIMA(2,1,4)×(1,1,2)14, as well as a seasonal linear regression model. Proposed forecasting models resulted on average in 36.49% improvement in forecasting accuracy compared with the fixed average census approach.Time series models provide higher prediction accuracy under different census conditions compared with the fixed average census approach. Presented methodology is easily applicable in clinical practice, can be generalized to other care settings, support shortand long-term census forecasting, and inform staff resource planning.

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Young, Aaron, Humayun J. Chaudhry, Jon V. Thomas, and Michael Dugan. "A Census of Actively Licensed Physicians in the United States, 2012." Journal of Medical Regulation 99, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-99.2.11.

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ABSTRACTThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, signed into law in 2010 and upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court last year, is expected to provide health care coverage to as many as 32 million Americans by 2019. As demand for health care expands, the need for accurate data about the current and future physician workforce will remain paramount. This census of actively licensed physicians in the United States and the District of Columbia represents data received from state medical boards in 2012 by the Federation of State Medical Boards. It demonstrates that the total population of licensed physicians (878,194) has expanded by 3% since 2010, is slightly older, has more women, and includes a substantive increase in physicians who graduated from a medical school in the Caribbean. As state medical boards begin to collect a Minimum Data Set about practicing physicians and their practice patterns in the years ahead, this information will inform decisions by policymakers, regulators and health care market participants to better align health care demand with supply.

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Bangure, D., D. Chirundu, M. Tshimanga, L. Takundwa, N. Gombe, and H. Ndondo. "Food Poisoning amongst Census Enumerators, Gokwe South, Zimbabwe, August 2012." International Journal of Epidemiology & Infection 1, no. 3 (2013): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12966/ijei.09.01.2013.

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Wilhoit, Mary Elena. "EnGendering the State: Women's Work and Peru's 2012 Agrarian Census." Anthropology of Work Review 38, no. 2 (November 3, 2017): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/awr.12119.

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Bera, Gautam Kumar. "One Hundred and Fifty Years of Census in India (1872 - 2012)." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 13, no. 1 (June 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976343020130101.

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Villani, Mariacristina, Rossella Marcucci, and Lorenzo Peruzzi. "A note on the type of the name Rhizobotrya alpina (Brassicaceae)." Phytotaxa 236, no. 1 (November 25, 2015): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.1.11.

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This study is related to the project “The Italian loci classici census”, ongoing since 2010 (Domina et al. 2012, Peruzzi et al. 2015). During the analysis of systematic and nomenclatural aspects of the species involved, some difficulties related to the identification of type localities have been pointed out. Our contribution has the aim to clarify the nomenclatural history of Rhizobotrya alpina Tausch (1836: 34).

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Jasseh, Momodou, Nyakassi Sanyang, Mustapha Bittaye, Nuredin I. Mohammed, Ursula Maria Gazeley, Martin Antonio, and Georges Reniers. "Burden and causes of pregnancy-related mortality in The Gambia: evidence from census and health and demographic surveillance data." BMJ Public Health 1, no. 1 (October 2023): e000019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2023-000019.

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BackgroundThe Gambia lacks capacity to estimate its burden and causes of pregnancy-related mortality (PRM) to guide reproductive health programming. We used census and Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) data from Farafenni and Basse to establish levels and causes of PRM in The Gambia.MethodsUsing reported deaths and births in the 2013 Gambian census, national and regional pregnancy-related mortality ratios (PRMRatios) were derived as the ratio of pregnancy-related deaths (PRDs) per 100 000 live births (lbs). Verbal autopsies were interpreted using InterVA-5, and PRDs linked with extracted HDSS data to estimate annual PRMRatios.ResultsThe census yielded national PRMRatio of 861 per 100 000 lbs in 2012. Regional levels of 1877, 1232 and 1096 per 100 000 lbs were registered in rural regions of Kuntaur, Mansakonko and Basse, respectively; while urban areas of Banjul and Kanifing registered about half these levels. Women aged 15–19 and 40–49 had greater risks of dying from pregnancy-related causes. HDSS data produced lower PRMRatios (95% CI) ranging from 858 per 100 000 lbs (149–4969) for Farafenni in 2005, and 479 per 100 000 lbs (328–698) for Basse in 2008 to 184 (24–1450) and 173 (61–487) per 100 000 lbs, respectively. InterVA-5 returned pregnancy-induced hypertension and obstetric haemorrhage as the main causes, accounting for at least 70% of all PRDs.ConclusionThe census-based PRMRatios for 2012 were consistent with the sociodemographic and reproductive health indicators that prevailed at that time and represented the burden of PRM. While HDSS-derived PRMRatios were lower, the cause-of-death distribution produced was consistent with previous observations elsewhere.

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Georgiadis, George, Silvana Campello, and Benaya N. Leles. "Protection and monitoring of the giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) in Cantão State Park, Tocantins, Brazil." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 10, no. 2 (December 28, 2015): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00208.

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In 2010, the Instituto Araguaia, a local NGO, started a program to protect and monitor giant otters, and to use them as an umbrella and flagship species for the conservation of the Cantão ecosystem. As part of the program, a census was carried out to determine the giant otter population of a group of 16 lakes in the park, and this population was monitored over a 28-month period spanning three breeding seasons, between September 2010 and December 2012.

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Brown, Jason, and Kara Tukuitonga. "Niuean." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 48, no. 1 (November 8, 2017): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100317000500.

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Niuean (ISO 639-3 code niu) is a Polynesian language spoken on the island of Niue, with an additional population of speakers living in New Zealand. Figure 1 indicates where Niue is located with respect to other neighboring islands in the South Pacific. The 2011 Niue Census of Populations and Households cited the number of individuals who had either basic or fluent spoken abilities at 1121 (with 101 non-speakers) (Statistics Niue 2012). English is the second most widely used language on the island. The 2013 New Zealand census cited 4548 individuals living in New Zealand who listed Niuean as one of their languages (Statistics New Zealand 2013). Niuean is classified as ‘definitely endangered’ by UNESCO (Moseley 2010). There are historically two distinct dialects: the older Motu dialect from the northern area, and the more recent Tafiti from the southern area. These dialect differences were once reflected in slight phonological differences in vocabulary items, but the differences have since eroded in the modern language (see McEwen 1970: ix). Previous research on Niuean phonetics and phonology includes a brief outline in Seiter (1980: x), two dictionaries (McEwen 1970, Sperlich 1997), and an article on vowel length (Rolle & Starks 2014). While these works provide an overview of some of the phenomena to be addressed below, this sketch attempts a more thorough documentation of the phonetic structures of Niuean, and provides novel acoustic and articulatory data from the language. Recordings accompanying this paper are of a male speaker (Mr. Krypton Okesene) and a female speaker (the second author).

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Bernstein, David N., David Brodell, Yue Li, Paul T. Rubery, and Addisu Mesfin. "Impact of the Economic Downturn on Elective Lumbar Spine Surgery in the United States: A National Trend Analysis, 2003 to 2013." Global Spine Journal 7, no. 3 (April 6, 2017): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568217694151.

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Study Design: Retrospective database analysis. Objective: The impact of the 2008-2009 economic downtown on elective lumbar spine surgery is unknown. Our objective was to investigate the effect of the economic downturn on the overall trends of elective lumbar spine surgery in the United States. Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used in conjunction with US Census and macroeconomic data to determine historical trends. The economic downturn was defined as 2008 to 2009. Codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), were used in order to identify appropriate procedures. Confidence intervals were determined using subgroup analysis techniques. Results: From 2003 to 2012, there was a 19.8% and 26.1% decrease in the number of lumbar discectomies and laminectomies, respectively. Over the same time period, there was a 56.4% increase in the number of lumbar spinal fusions. The trend of elective lumbar spine surgeries per 100 000 persons in the US population remained consistent from 2008 to 2009. The number of procedures decreased by 4.5% from 2010 to 2011, 7.6% from 2011 to 2012, and 3.1% from 2012 to 2013. The R2 value between the number of surgeries and the S&P 500 Index was statistically significant ( P ≤ .05). Conclusions: The economic downturn did not affect elective lumbar fusions, which increased in total from 2003 to 2013. The relationship between the S&P 500 Index and surgical trends suggests that during recessions, individuals may utilize other means, such as insurance, to cover procedural costs and reduce out-of-pocket expenditures, accounting for no impact of the economic downturn on surgical trends. These findings can assist multiple stakeholders in better understanding the interconnectedness of macroeconomics, policy, and elective lumbar spine surgery trends.

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Boden-Albala, Bernadette, Eric T. Roberts, Harmon Moats, Hiba Arif, Ralph L. Sacco, and Myunghee C. Paik. "Community Level Disadvantage and the Likelihood of First Ischemic Stroke." Epidemiology Research International 2012 (October 31, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/481282.

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Background and Purpose. Residing in “disadvantaged” communities may increase morbidity and mortality independent of individual social resources and biological factors. This study evaluates the impact of population-level disadvantage on incident ischemic stroke likelihood in a multiethnic urban population. Methods. A population based case-control study was conducted in an ethnically diverse community of New York. First ischemic stroke cases and community controls were enrolled and a stroke risk assessment performed. Data regarding population level economic indicators for each census tract was assembled using geocoding. Census variables were also grouped together to define a broader measure of collective disadvantage. We evaluated the likelihood of stroke for population-level variables controlling for individual social (education, social isolation, and insurance) and vascular risk factors. Results. We age-, sex-, and race-ethnicity-matched 687 incident ischemic stroke cases to 1153 community controls. The mean age was 69 years: 60% women; 22% white, 28% black, and 50% Hispanic. After adjustment, the index of community level disadvantage (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.7–2.1) was associated with increased stroke likelihood overall and among all three race-ethnic groups. Conclusion. Social inequalities measured by census tract data including indices of community disadvantage confer a significant likelihood of ischemic stroke independent of conventional risk factors.

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Greenstein, Josh, Jerel Chacko, Brahim Ardolic, and Nicole Berwald. "Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Staten Island University Hospital Emergency Department." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, no. 3 (April 6, 2016): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16000261.

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AbstractIntroductionOn October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy touched down in New York City (NYC; New York USA) causing massive destruction, paralyzing the city, and destroying lives. Research has shown that considerable damage and loss of life can be averted in at-risk areas from advanced preparation in communication procedures, evacuation planning, and resource allocation. However, research is limited in describing how natural disasters of this magnitude affect emergency departments (EDs).Hypothesis/ProblemThe aim of this study was to identify and describe trends in patient volume and demographics, and types of conditions treated, as a result of Hurricane Sandy at Staten Island University Hospital North (SIUH-N; Staten Island, New York USA) site ED.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients presenting to SIUH-N in the days surrounding the storm, October 26, 2012 through November 2, 2012, was completed. Data were compared to the same week of the year prior, October 28, 2011 through November 4, 2011. Daily census, patient age, gender, admission rates, mode of arrival, and diagnoses in the days surrounding the storm were observed.ResultsA significant decline in patient volume was found in all age ranges on the day of landfall (Day 0) with a census of 114; -55% compared to 2011. The daily volume exhibited a precipitous drop on the days preceding the storm followed by a return to usual volumes shortly after.A notably larger percentage of patients were seen for medication refills in 2012; 5.8% versus 0.4% (P<.05). Lacerations and cold exposure also were increased substantially in 2012 at 7.6% versus 2.8% (P<.05) and 3.8% versus 0.0% (P<.05) of patient visits, respectively.A large decline in admissions was observed in the days prior to the storm, with a nadir on Day +1 at five percent (-22%). Review of admitted patients revealed atypical admissions for home care service such as need for supplemental oxygen or ventilator.In addition, a drop in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) utilization was seen on Days 0 and +1. The SIUH-N typically sees 18% of patients arriving via EMS. On Day +1, only two percent of patients arrived by ambulance.ConclusionThe daily ED census saw a significant decline in the days preceding the storm. In addition, the type of conditions treated varied from baseline, and a considerable drop in hospital admissions was seen. Data such as these presented here can help make predictions for future scenarios.GreensteinJ, ChackoJ, ArdolicB, BerwaldN. Impact of Hurricane Sandy on the Staten Island University Hospital emergency department. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):335–339.

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Théou, Philippe, Ervis Loce, and Marina Đurović. "Results of the pioneer survey of potential bat hibernacula in Albania (2012–2015)." Natura Sloveniae 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/ns.17.1.25-39.

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For the first time at a national scale in Albania, a winter bat population census in potential hibernacula has been implemented during the four winters (early 2012, 2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/15). 178 potential hibernation sites have been visited. During the visits of natural caves, bunkers, tunnels, buildings and mines we recorded at least 9 bat species: Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (28 sites), R. hipposideros (36 sites), R. blasii (1 site), R. euryale (3 sites), Myotis myotis/oxygnatus (blythii) (4 sites), M. capaccinii (6 sites), Pipistrellus sp. (2 sites), Hypsugo savii (1 site) and Miniopterus schreibersii (9 sites). The data presented are substantial additions to knowledge on the distribution of these species and their roosts in Albania, and will form a basis for bat population monitoring and, at the same time, for improving conservation measures in Albania and the wider region.

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Susuman, Sathiya, Hamisi F. Hamisi, Siaka Lougue, Kanayo OGUJIUBA, and Nigatu Regassa. "An Assessment of the Age Reporting in the Tanzania Population Census 2012." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 8, no. 2 (June 3, 2015): 1552–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v8i2.3730.

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The objective of this paper is to provide data users with a worldwide assessment of the age reporting in the Tanzania Population Census 2012 data. Many demographic and socio-economic data are age-sex attributed. However, a variety of irregularities and misstatements are noted with respect to age-related data and less to sex data because of its biological differences between the genders.

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Neilsen, J., M. A. Nowak, C. Gammie, J. Dexter, S. Markoff, D. Haggard, S. Nayakshin, et al. "ACHANDRA/HETGS CENSUS OF X-RAY VARIABILITY FROM Sgr A* DURING 2012." Astrophysical Journal 774, no. 1 (August 14, 2013): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/774/1/42.

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Mellerson, Jenelle L., Erica Street, Cynthia Knighton, Kayla Calhoun, Ranee Seither, and J. Michael Underwood. "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s School Vaccination Assessment: Collaboration With US State, Local, and Territorial Immunization Programs, 2012–2018." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 7 (July 2020): 1092–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305643.

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Objectives. To describe the ongoing collaboration of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) school vaccination assessment with state, local, and territorial immunization programs to provide data to monitor school entry vaccination. Methods. Departments of health and education partner to collect data from public school, private school, and homeschooled kindergartners in the 50 US states, the District of Columbia, 2 cities, and the US territories. Immunization programs submit vaccination coverage and exemption data to the CDC, and the CDC reports these data annually via multiple sources. Results. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the number of programs using a census for vaccination coverage data increased from 39 to 41 during the school years 2012–2013 to 2017–2018 (which for most states was August or September through May or June), and the number using a census to collect exemption data increased from 40 to 46. The number of states that reported sharing their local-level vaccination coverage data online increased from 11 in 2012–2013 to 31 in 2017–2018. Conclusions. Coverage data can be used to address undervaccination among kindergartners to work with communities and schools that are susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. As more states publish local-level data online, access to improved data provides the public more valuable information.

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Verropoulou, Georgia, and Cleon Tsimbos. "Estimating Mortality Levels and Patterns among Natives, Immigrants, and Selected Ethnic Groups in Greece: 2010–2012." International Migration Review 51, no. 3 (September 2017): 600–631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imre.12242.

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This study addresses for the first time in Greece the issue of levels and patterns of mortality among natives and immigrants, using vital statistics and census data by citizenship. Life tables are constructed for the two most numerous communities, Albanians and Bulgarians as well as for all immigrant populations combined; standardized mortality ratios are estimated for smaller migrant groups. Albanian males have a slight mortality advantage compared to natives; all other groups experience higher mortality. Some support for the “selectivity of migrants” hypothesis is provided as immigrants in several cases have significantly lower mortality compared to their countries of origin. Implications for public health policy in Greece are discussed.

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Kovács, Gyula, and Katalin Hajdu. "Results of Waterbird Census (November 2012) at Lake Balaton and its Surrounding Wetlands." Magyar Vízivad Közlemények 26 (2015): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17242/mvvk_26.06.

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Evans, Edward, and Fredy H. Ballen. "What the 2012 Census of Agriculture Is Telling Us about Miami-Dade County." EDIS 2016, no. 9 (November 9, 2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe1001-2016.

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Agriculture is an important contributor to Florida’s economy. Only the tourism industry employs more Floridians. In 2012, agricultural output was estimated at $141.8 billion, accounting for 14.9% of the state’s gross domestic product, and providing employment for 20.8% of the state’s labor force. Monitoring the performance of the sector over time is therefore of critical importance to various stakeholders. This 8-page publication focuses on the Agricultural Census data for Miami-Dade County and specifically examines trends over the 15-year period from 1997 to 2012 with the aim of highlighting some of the major trends occurring in the Miami-Dade County agricultural sector. In general, the data show that in spite of challenging times, the agricultural industry has remained important, contributing $604 million to the Florida economy in 2012. Written by Edward Evans and Fredy H. Ballen, and published by the Food and Resource Economics Department, October 2016.

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Burgess, Laura, Christopher M. Aldrighetti, Anushka Ghosh, Andrzej Niemierko, Fumiko Chino, Melissa Jessica Huynh, Jason A. Efstathiou, and Sophia C. Kamran. "Impact of U.S. Preventative Services Task Force grade D recommendation against prostate-specific antigen screening on prostate cancer mortality." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.6_suppl.051.

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51 Background: The U. S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation regarding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) transitioned to a grade D recommendation against PSA screening for adult males in 2012. The impact of this recommendation against PSA screening on prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) in contemporary cohorts is unknown. Our study evaluated PCSM between 1999-2019, comparing mortality rates before and after this change to screening guidelines. Methods: Age-adjusted PCSM rates per 100,000 men were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics from 1999 – 2019. Trends in PCSM rates from 1999 – 2012 and 2014 – 2019 were estimated using linear regression with year and binary indicator of pre-2013/post-2013 status as interaction terms. Age-adjusted rates of PCSM were calculated for men ≥50 years and by race, ethnicity, urbanization and census region. Similarly, age-adjusted rates of overall cancer mortality (exclusive of PCSM) were calculated. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to establish trends in PSA screening from 2001 – 2018. North American Association of Central Cancer Registries was used to determine age-adjusted incidence of localized and metastatic PC at the time of diagnosis from 1999 – 2017. Results: The age-adjusted PCSM rate in the U.S. decreased linearly at a rate of (-)0.28 per 100,000/year from 1999 – 2012 and subsequently stalled at a rate of no change from 2014 – 2019 (p < 0.001). This effect was particularly striking for men aged 60 – 69, men > 80 years, and Black men. Men aged 60 – 64 had a decreasing rate of (-)0.009 per 100,000/year prior to 2013, followed by a rise of (+)0.001 per 100,000/year (p < 0.001). Among Black men, PCSM rate was decreasing linearly at (-)0.700/100,000/year from 1999-2012 and flattened at a rate of (-)0.091/100,000/year from 2014-2019 (p < 0.001). These changes were seen across races, urbanization and census regions (p < 0.001) and were accompanied by decreases in PSA screening (p = 0.02) together with increases in diagnosis of metastatic disease. These trends were inconsistent with mortality trends observed across all malignancies. Conclusions: Using comprehensive data on PCSM through 2019, this study illustrates decreasing PCSM over time which flattened or increased following the 2012 change in USPSTF guideline, along with a decrease in PSA screening. The change in PCSM was seen in all ages, races, ethnicities, urbanization and census regions, but particularly in men from 60 – 69 and > 80 years old, and Black men. These changes were accompanied by increased diagnosis of metastatic PC and are discordant from trends across other malignancies. These findings suggest that the change in PSA screening guideline may have contributed to the stagnancy of PCSM rates in recent years. The updated 2018 USPSTF guideline supporting shared-decision making may reverse these trends over time.

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Setyowati, Trikosiwi Koco, and Siti Aisiyah Suciningtyas. "ANALISIS TINGKAT UNDERPRICING SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG MELAKUKAN PENAWARAN SAHAM PERDANA (IPO) DI BEI PERIODE 2012-2016 Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Yang Melakukan IPO di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2012-2016." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 19, no. 1 (January 11, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ekobis.19.1.89-98.

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The aims of this study is to find out the effect of Profitability, Leverage, against Underpricingto firms at Intial Public Offering (IPO) on Indonesia Stock Exchange 2012-2016 which ismediated by Stock Liqudity. The population in this study are 105 companies at Intial PublicOffering (IPO) that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange 2012-2016. After selection by using thepurposive sampling method in the population, obtained the results of the census of 71 firmswere through underpricing used as samples. The secondary data collection method that usedis documentation method and indirect observation. Data analysis technique used regressionanalysis of panel data. Based on the results of research, Based on the results of the research,partially profitability has a positive effect to stock liquidity. Leverage has negative and nosignificant effect to stock liquidity. Profitability, Leverage, and Stock Liquidity have a significantnegative effect on underpricing. And simultaneously, Profitability, Leverage, and Stock Liquidityhave an effect on Underpricing.Keywords: Profitabilty, Leverage, Stock Liquidity, Underpricing

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Wolford, Hannah, Kelly M. Hatfield, Babatunde Olubajo, Sujan Reddy, John A. Jernigan, and James Baggs. "2479. Trends and Regional Differences in Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, 2012–2017." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S858—S859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2157.

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Abstract Background Extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLs) have been identified as a serious antibiotic-resistant threat. Studies have shown that ESBL infection rates were increasing through 2014. Our objective was to examine more recent ESBL trends and to evaluate differences across regions in the United States. Methods We measured the incidence of positive clinical cultures from inpatient encounters in a cohort of hospitals submitting data to the Premier Healthcare Database and Cerner Health Facts from 2012 through 2017. We included Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. cultures and defined ESBL as non-susceptibility to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, or cefepime. Cultures collected on days 1, 2, or 3 of hospitalization were considered community-onset (CO); cultures from day 4 or later were considered hospital onset (HO). We developed weights using a raking procedure to match the American Hospital Association distribution for acute care hospitals based on US census division, bed size category, teaching status, and urban/rural designation. We used weighted multivariable logistic regression adjusting for hospital characteristics to examine trends and regional differences in ESBL rates. Results In 2017, the estimated rate of ESBLs was 40.3 per 10,000 discharges for CO and 6.4 per 10,000 discharges for HO; 86% of all ESBLs were CO. The percent that were ESBLs among all included cultures increased for CO (8.2% in 2012 to 11.6% in 2017) and HO (13.1 to 16.8%) cultures. From 2012 – 2017, adjusted ESBL rates increased for CO (7.9% annually, P < 0.0001), while HO rates did not change significantly over time (P = 0.39, Figure 1). We found significant regional differences in the rates of ESBL (P < 0.0001) across US census divisions in 2017 (Figure 2). Estimated rates for 2017 varied 5-fold from 15.3 ESBLs per 10,000 discharges in the Northwest Central to 82.4 ESBLs in the Mid-Atlantic. Conclusion We estimated a 40% increase in the rate of CO-ESBLs among hospitalized patients from 2012 to 2017, but no increase in HO rates. ESBL rates varied greatly by region of the country and are estimated as much as 5× higher in some areas. A better understanding of factors contributing to community transmission and regional variation is necessary in order to inform ESBL prevention efforts. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Martynov, V. "Regional Features of Modern Serbia." World Economy and International Relations, no. 12 (2012): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-12-58-63.

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The article deals with the changes in the regional division of modern Serbia in the first decade of the 2000s. The author analyzes demographic problems of the country, the dynamics of population according to the census of 2002 and 2011. Particular attention is paid to the issue of relations between Serbia and the Republic of Kosovo.

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Noh, Jin-Won, Minjae Choi, Young Dae Kwon, and Ki-Bong Yoo. "Impacts of Smoking Ban Policies on Restaurants in Seoul, South Korea: Analysis of Objective Sales Information." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 6 (May 13, 2019): 950–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz079.

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Abstract Background From July 2013 to January 2015, the smoking ban instituted in restaurants in South Korea gradually expanded to cover all restaurants and bars, moving by size of restaurant (≤99 m2, 100–149 m2, ≥150 m2). This study measured the impacts of the smoking ban for restaurants. Methods This study examined credit, check, or debit card sales data for every September and October from 2012 to 2015 in 711 census tracts in Seoul, South Korea. We accounted for total restaurant sales in each census tract. Our model controlled for the sales amounts for each census tract, type of restaurant, monthly business survey index, number of restaurants, daily average temperature, daily precipitation, and day of the week, and a dummy for census tract. Results These were some positive associations with increase in total sales. However, the significance of the coefficients was not consistent over this period. Overall, our results showed no significant negative effects of smoking ban policy on restaurants. Conclusions Smoking ban policies produced benefits in terms of health outcomes, without causing significant negative impacts on sales. Implications Although the owners of restaurants anticipated negative impacts on sales from smoking ban policies, the results of this study suggest that restaurants experienced no negative economic impacts on sales from policies with health benefits, which suggest that it would be reasonable to promote and keep on the smoking ban. Also, it is important to apply smoking ban policy to all targets without exclusion.

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Conti, Fabio, Dimitar Uzunov, and Fabrizio Bartolucci. "Correction of the typification of Corydalis solida var. bracteosa and lectotypification of C. densiflora (Papaveraceae)." Phytotaxa 197, no. 3 (February 16, 2015): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.197.3.6.

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The genus Corydalis DC. in Lamarck & Candolle (1805: 637) (Papaveraceae) consists of about 440 species distributed in Eurasia, North America and Africa (Lidén & Zetterlund 1997). Corydalis densiflora C.Presl in Presl & Presl (1822: 10) was first described from Sicily based on material collected by C.B. Presl “in nemorosis Nebrodum” during a trip in Sicily in 1817 (Sutorý 2006). According to Lidén & Zetterlund (1997), C. densiflora occurs in peninsular Italy, Sicily and Algeria. The plants coming from Algeria have also been described as C. solida (Linnaeus 1753: 699) Clairville (1811: 371) var. bracteosa Battandier & Trabut (1905: 498), a taxon regarded by Lidén & Zetterlund (1997) as a synonym of C. densiflora. The aim of this paper is to identify and study the type material of both names and to clarify their distribution. This study was carried out within the initiative “Italian Loci Classici Census” (Domina et al. 2012, Peruzzi et al. 2015), aimed at providing data on the original material of the plants described from Italy (e.g. Di Pietro et al. 2012, Gallo et al. 2012, Peruzzi et al. 2012, 2013a, 2013b, Bartolucci & Conti 2013, Bartolucci et al. 2013, Bartolucci & Peruzzi 2014, Bartolucci & Domina 2014, Conti et al. 2014).

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Chen, Chao-Wen, Yun-Ting Lou, Chi-Ming Chu, Hsing-Lin Lin, Wei-Che Lee, Ke-Zong Ma, Yuan-Chia Cheng, and Liang-Chi Kuo. "Less Is More? The Impact of Trauma Volume on the Positive Rate of Head Computed Tomography Scans in Head Trauma Patients." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/340317.

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Objective. Few studies have assessed the impact of trauma volume on the operational efficiency of emergency departments. Herein, we evaluate the association between trauma volume with the positive rate of head computed tomography scans in head trauma patients in a tertiary care hospital.Methods. This is a retrospective cohort review involving all head trauma patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Trauma census, head trauma patient volume, the number of emergent head CT scans, and the number of positive head CT scans were collected on a monthly basis. Comparison was primarily made between the trauma patient volume and the positive rate of head CT scans.Results. 25,549 trauma patients were reviewed. Of these, 5,168 (20.2%) sustained head trauma and 3,336 head CT scans were performed with mean 29.1% positive rate of substantial head injuries. The monthly data were analyzed and a statistically significant correlation between monthly trauma volume and decrease in positive rate of head CT scan was identified (Pearsonr=−0.51,P=0.02). With introducing different cut-point values of trauma volume, we identified the threshold of trauma census as approximately 4.9 and 8.8% higher than mean monthly trauma volume in discriminating significant decrease of positive rate of head CT scans.

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Corral, Paul, Kristen Himelein, Kevin McGee, and Isabel Molina. "A Map of the Poor or a Poor Map?" Mathematics 9, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 2780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9212780.

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This paper evaluates the performance of different small area estimation methods using model and design-based simulation experiments. Design-based simulation experiments are carried out using the Mexican Intra Censal survey as a census of roughly 3.9 million households from which 500 samples are drawn using a two-stage selection procedure similar to that of Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) surveys. The estimation methods considered are that of Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw (2003), the empirical best predictor of Molina and Rao (2010), the twofold nested error extension presented by Marhuenda et al. (2017), and finally an adaptation, presented by Nguyen (2012), that combines unit and area level information, and which has been proposed as an alternative when the available census data is outdated. The findings show the importance of selecting a proper model and data transformation so that model assumptions hold. A proper data transformation can lead to a considerable improvement in mean squared error (MSE). Results from design-based validation show that all small area estimation methods represent an improvement, in terms of MSE, over direct estimates. However, methods that model unit level welfare using only area level information suffer from considerable bias. Because the magnitude and direction of the bias is unknown ex ante, methods relying only on aggregated covariates should be used with caution, but may be an alternative to traditional area level models when these are not applicable.

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JACOBS SLIFKA, K. M., A. E. NEWTON, and B. E. MAHON. "Vibrio alginolyticusinfections in the USA, 1988–2012." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 7 (February 16, 2017): 1491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817000140.

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SUMMARYVibrio alginolyticuscauses soft tissue and bloodstream infection; little systematically collected clinical and epidemiological information is available. In the USA,V. alginolyticusinfections are reported to the Cholera and OtherVibrioIllness Surveillance system. Using data from 1988 to 2012, we categorised infections using specimen source and exposure history, analysed case characteristics, and calculated incidence rates using US Census Bureau data. Most (96%) of the 1331V. alginolyticusinfections were from coastal states. Infections of the skin and ear were most frequent (87%); ear infections occurred more commonly in children, lower extremity infections more commonly in older adults. Most (86%) infections involved water activity. Reported incidence of infections increased 12-fold over the study period, although the extent of diagnostic or surveillance bias is unclear. Prevention efforts should target waterborne transmission in coastal areas and provider education to promote more rapid diagnosis and prevent complications.

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Farokhnezhad Afshar, Pouya, Parvaneh Asgari, Mahmoud Shiri, and Fatemeh Bahramnezhad. "A Review of the Iran's elderly status according to the census records." Galen Medical Journal 5, no. 1 (March 9, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v5i1.397.

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For many reasons, the elderly population in Iran is considered a growing phenomenon. An accelerated decline in birth rate in the past two decades, medical-health advances, and increased life expectancy are among the major reasons. Based on the definitions of the Country’s Population Index, Iran's elderly population, with a growth rate of 3.9% compared to the total population growth (2.29%) between 2007 and 2012 has reached to the elderly population of 8.26% in 2012, which puts Iran among countries with aging populations. Now, Iran's elderly population is 6205998 people, including approximately 48.70% aged men and 51.30% aged women. Iran, based on the age criteria of the population structure, is now faced with the aging phenomenon, and since this phenomenon encompasses health, economic and social consequences, as well as service requirements, elderly population of Iran should be comprehensively and continuously evaluated so that the health and medical officials could deal with the incident with proper planning and meet the needs of this group of the society. [GMJ.2016;5(1):1-6]

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Sullivan, Samaah M., Edward S. Peters, Edward J. Trapido, Evrim Oral, Richard A. Scribner, and Ariane L. Rung. "Neighborhood Environment Measurements and Anthropometric Indicators of Obesity: Results From the Women and Their Children’s Health (WaTCH) Study." Environment and Behavior 50, no. 9 (August 20, 2017): 1032–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916517726827.

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We compared geographic information system (GIS)- and Census-based approaches for measuring the physical and social neighborhood environment at the census tract-level versus an audit approach on associations with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Data were used from the 2012-2014 Women and Their Children’s Health (WaTCH) Study ( n = 940). Generalized linear models were used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) for BMI (≥30 kg/m2), WC (>88 cm), and WHR (>0.85). Using an audit approach, more adverse neighborhood characteristics were associated with a higher odds of WC (OR: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.05, 1.15]) and WHR (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: [1.05, 1.14]) after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, income, and oil spill exposure. There were no significant associations between GIS- and Census-based measures with obesity in adjusted models. Quality aspects of the neighborhood environment captured by audits at the individual-level may be more relevant to obesity than physical or social aspects at the census tract-level.

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Wilcox-Archuleta, Bryan. "The treatment works: Revisiting a key link in contextual theories of political behavior." Research & Politics 5, no. 2 (April 2018): 205316801876867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168018768672.

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The use of self-reported contextual factors is prominent in political science. While recent research demonstrates that perceptions of contextual factors positively associate with census measured factors, it is less clear for whom and under what conditions this relationship holds. In this paper, I examine the relationship between census measured racial and ethnic composition and perceived racial and ethnic neighborhood composition. I use the 2008 and 2012 Collaborative Multi-Racial Post-Election Study (CMPS) datasets and append US Census data to test how well respondents understand the racial and ethnic composition of their neighborhood. Leveraging the non-White oversamples in the CMPS, I am able to test this relationship among Latinos, Blacks, and Whites. I find a positive relationship between perceived neighborhood composition and census measured composition. Respondents who live in areas with higher proportions of a racial/ethnic group are more likely to perceive that their neighborhood is composed of that group. These findings hold across Black, Latino, and White sub-samples. These findings complement and extend recent work about how well respondents understand their local environment.

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Perales Miranda, Víctor Hugo, Marcelo Gonzalo Párraga Guachalla, and Jhosep Luis Usnayo Sirpa. "Censo en Bolivia: apuntes para la construcción de un indicador de multilocalidad." Temas Sociales. Revista de la Carrera de Sociología 49 (December 9, 2021): 138–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53287/ksgu9047xj87r.

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Se hace un recorrido por los censos en Bolivia; revisamos los puntos de discusión y también las críticas sobre la problemática de multilocalidad, planteadas en columnas de opinión de medios de prensa. Luego, se revisa las definiciones de migración interna y un breve estado del arte de trabajos afines a la multilocalidad. Más adelante, se revisan boletas censales de los años 1992, 2001 y 2012. Finalmente, se reflexiona conceptualmente y se brindan pistas para la construcción de un índice de multilocalidad.

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Flaaen, Aaron, Fariha Kamal, Eunhee Lee, and Kei-Mu Yi. "Aggregation Bias in the Measurement of US Global Value Chains." AEA Papers and Proceedings 114 (May 1, 2024): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20241022.

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This paper employs US census microdata to construct establishment-level measures of global value chains (GVCs) and then assesses aggregation bias—the bias occurring when an entire industry is essentially treated as a single establishment. Our establishment-level measures indicate little slowdown in GVC expansion between 2002 and 2012. Related, the aggregation bias is negative, and it increased during this period. A decomposition reveals that most of the increase is from within establishments with high export and import intensities. Our results suggest that granular GVC measures will provide further understanding about how firms and economies adjust to shocks.

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Smith, Gillian, Chris W. Bower, Scott Fridkin, and Jesse T. Jacob. "1425. Impact of Social Determinants on Racial Differences in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Incidence, Atlanta, 2012-2018." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S718—S719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1607.

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Abstract Background Public health prioritizes addressing social determinants of health to promote health equity. We hypothesized that social determinants of health, including poverty, are associated with racial disparity in the incidence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Methods The Georgia Emerging Infections Program conducted CDC-funded, active population-based CRE surveillance in metropolitan Atlanta (2017 population: 3.9 million) from 2012-2018. CRE cases were defined as Atlanta residents with a urine or normally sterile specimen growing E. coli, Klebsiella spp., or Enterobacter spp. resistant to ≥ 1 carbapenems (excluding ertapenem) and all third generation cephalosporins tested. Poverty, education and insurance levels by census tract of residence were obtained from the US Census Bureau’s 2017 American Community Survey. Race and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were determined from chart review, and primary care provider (PCP) shortage area was obtained from the Health Resources and Services Administration. Age-adjusted incidence rate ratios were individually calculated using direct age standardization. Covariates were considered for inclusion in a multivariable Poisson regression model for the expected rate of CRE. Results Adjusting for age, CRE incidence was three times higher in blacks than whites. Higher CRE incidence was also observed among cases assigned > 40% below poverty level, > 15% below high school education, > 10% uninsured, and in a PCP shortage area (Table 1). CRE incidence was 58 times higher among ESRD cases than non-ESRD cases. In the multivariable model (Figure 1) addition of education, poverty or ESRD (p< 0.001), but not PCP access (p = 0.61) and insurance status (p=0.19), significantly reduced the racial difference in CRE incidence compared to race and age alone. Although controlling for age and either education, poverty level or ESRD reduced CRE among blacks, CRE incidence in blacks remained double that of whites. Figure 1. Comparison of race CRE incidence rate ratio adjusting for age alone (red line) to adjusting for age and individual social determinants (blue bars)” Table 1. Social Determinants Distribution and Age-Adjusted CRE Incidence Rate Ratio (N = 378) Conclusion Poverty level, ESRD and education only partially account for the racial differences seen in CRE incidence. While ESRD suggests a possible biologic component, persistent racial differences indicate the need for targeted public health interventions to address social determinants of health. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Shortridge, Dee, Leonard R. Duncan, Michael A. Pfaller, and Robert K. Flamm. "Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftolozane–Tazobactam Tested against Contemporary (2012–2016) Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates by US Census Division." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S371—S372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.912.

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Abstract Background Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C-T) is a combination of a novel antipseudomonal cephalosporin and a well-described β-lactamase inhibitor. C-T was approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration in 2014 for complicated urinary tract infections, including acute pyelonephritis and complicated intra-abdominal infections. C-T is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. The Program to Assess Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Susceptibility (PACTS) monitors C-T resistance to gram-negative (GN) isolates worldwide. In this study, the activities of C-T and comparators vs. GN isolates from each of the 9 US Census divisions were compared. Methods A total of 18,856 Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) and 4,735 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) isolates were collected from 32 US hospitals in 2012–2016. Isolates were tested for susceptibility (S) to C-T and comparators by CLSI broth microdilution methodology in a central monitoring laboratory. Other antibiotics tested included amikacin (AMK), ceftazidime (CAZ), colistin (COL), meropenem (MER), and piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP). The following resistant phenotypes were analyzed for ENT: carbapenem resistant (CRE); extended-spectrum β-lactamase phenotype screen-positive (ESBL); and ESBL, nonCRE. or PSA, MER-nonsusceptible (NS), TZP-NS, and CAZ-NS isolates were analyzed. CLSI (2017) interpretive criteria were used. Results For all ENT, 94.2% were S to C-T, 91.5% were S to TZP, 98.0% were S to MER, and 98.8% were S to AMK; 1,697 (9.0%) were ESBL, nonCRE and 356 (1.9%) were CRE. For all PSA isolates, 97.4% were S to C-T, 99.3% were S to COL, 96.9% were S to AMK, and 81.2% were S to MER. The % C-T S for each division (DIV) are shown in the table. The % C-T S for ENT ranged from 98.1% (DIV 4) to 87.4% (DIV 2) and % C-T S for ESBL, nonCRE ranged from 93.8% in DIV 4 to 79.8% in DIV 7. For PSA, the % C-T S ranged from 99.6% in DIV 4 to 94.9% in DIV 9. Activity of C-T against PSA NS to MER, CAZ or TZP varied by division and was >80% for all except DIV 9. Conclusion Against PSA, only COL was more active than C-T. C-T demonstrated potent activity against PSA NS to other β-lactams. For ENT, overall activity was good. For both PSA and ENT, C-T varied by DIV. Disclosures D. Shortridge, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; L. R. Duncan, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; M. A. Pfaller, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant; R. K. Flamm, Merck: Research Contractor, Research grant

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Cristescu, Romane H., Klara Goethals, Peter B. Banks, Frank N. Carrick, and Céline Frère. "Experimental Evaluation of Koala Scat Persistence and Detectability with Implications for Pellet-Based Fauna Census." International Journal of Zoology 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/631856.

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Establishing species distribution and population trends are basic requirements in conservation biology, yet acquiring this fundamental information is often difficult. Indirect survey methods that rely on fecal pellets (scats) can overcome some difficulties but present their own challenges. In particular, variation in scat detectability and decay rate can introduce biases. We studied how vegetation communities affect the detectability and decay rate of scats as exemplified by koalasPhascolarctos cinereus: scat detectability was highly and consistently dependent on ground layer complexity (introducing up to 16% non-detection bias); scat decay rates were highly heterogeneous within vegetation communities; exposure of scats to surface water and rain strongly accelerated scat decay rate and finally, invertebrates were found to accelerate scat decay rate markedly, but unpredictably. This last phenomenon may explain the high variability of scat decay rate within a single vegetation community. Methods to decrease biases should be evaluated when planning scat surveys, as the most appropriate method(s) will vary depending on species, scale of survey and landscape characteristics. Detectability and decay biases are both stronger in certain vegetation communities, thus their combined effect is likely to introduce substantial errors in scat surveys and this could result in inappropriate and counterproductive management decisions.

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de la Fuente, Alejandro, and Stanley R. Bailey. "THE PUZZLE OF RACIAL INEQUALITY IN CUBA, 1980s–2010s." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 18, no. 1 (2021): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x21000060.

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AbstractContrasting perspectives on racism and racial inequality collide in contemporary Cuba. On the one hand, government officials argue that Cuba is a racially egalitarian country; though vestiges of historical racism subsist, systematic discrimination does not. On the other hand, social movement actors and organizations denounce that racism and discrimination are systemic and affect large sectors of the Afro-Cuban population. To draw these visions into scholarly dialogue, our analytic strategy consists in the comparative examination of both narratives as well as the empirical bases that sustain them. Using data from the 1981, 2002, and 2012 Cuban Censuses for the first time, as well as various non-census evidentiary sources, both quantitative and qualitative, we examine how racial inequality has evolved in Cuba during the last decades. Our analyses of census data suggest that racial stratification has a limited impact on areas such as education, health care, occupation, and positions of leadership. We find, nonetheless, that an expanding and strikingly racialized private sector is fueling dramatic income inequality by skin color beyond the reach of official census data. Our analysis sheds light on how different data can convey profoundly different pictures of racial inequality in a given context. Moreover, we highlight that significant contradictions can coexist in the lived experiences of racism and racial inequality within a single country context.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Census, 2012'

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