Journal articles on the topic 'Census, 7th'

Abstract Introduction The coronavirus disease pandemic has placed enormous strain on all medical services with ICU capabilities throughout the Northeast region. The surge in ICU beds might severely limit burn centers to accept burn patients in a regional mass casualty incident. Methods Burn bed data was collected by a regional burn disaster consortium. Open burn bed census was collected via telephone from each burn center in the consortium on April 15th, May 7th, May 21st, June 4th and June 18th of 2020. This data was compared to published data from 2009 to 2016. Results The results are listed in Table 1. Lowest available burn bed was 35 beds on April 15th, 2020. Conclusions Although a disaster may impact surrounding local and state hospitals, it does not always impact a burn center’s ability to transfer patients from a local trauma center or nearby burn center. A pandemic however affects a larger region and impacts all hospitals within that region. Peak ICU utilization in the Northeast was between the second and third week of April. During the peak utilization time, burn bed census was about 50% of the historical average. Burn bed census did not return to historical average until May 7, 2020. If a mass casualty event occurred in the pandemic region, the Northeast region would have to reach out to other ABA designated regions for assistance. Historically, burn mass casualty plans are based on the capacity to move burn patients to other burn centers in order to relieve surge capacity at the affected center. This data illustrates that, in a pandemic, burn beds are being utilized for non-burn patients. The ability to follow these plans will be greatly impacted.

Abstract The paper analyzes crisis situations solved by The Fire Rescue Service of the South Moravian Region (FRS) in the city of Brno during 24 weeks between 7th April 2013 and 20th September 2013. The article deals briefly with all FRS actions and then focuses on fires. The open-access database of FRS is used for analysis. It is accessed from a database of the innovative web application StreetAlert, which allows users to learn about current fire brigade actions in the specified distance from the mobile phone. The data are processed in PostgreSQL and then spatial analysis is performed using the most detailed administrative division of the city – basic settlement units. As this division of urban space is used also in the most recent Czech census (2011), it is possible to use sociodemographic statistical data for comparison. The article identifies spatial regularities in the distribution of fires, describes the structure of the fires in terms of the type of event (fires of waste, fires of grass and forest, fires of buildings), discovers their possible dependence on the specific characteristics of urban space, finds potentially dangerous places (kernel density analysis), draws valid conclusions applicable to similar settlements, and shows the possible use of the data for local government. The main benefit of the research lies in revealing the spatial distribution of the examined phenomena.

Introduction: The most common type of endocrine malignancy is thyroid cancer (TC). TC is the 7th, 14th, and 11th most common cancer in women, men, and both sexes, respectively. Objectives: The aim of this research was to establish the frequency of benign and malignant tumors in thyroid surgery specimens performed in Al-Zahra hospital in Isfahan from 2011 to 2017. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study. 1345 patients who underwent thyroid surgery were enrolled using census sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (IBM statistics for windows, version 16) using descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, frequency, chi-square, and ANOVA. A significance level of less than 0.05 was analyzed. Results: Of 1345 participants, 237 (17.6%) were males, and 1108 (82.4%) were females. The mean age of benign patients was 46.48, malignant 39.31, and healthy patients for 37.50 years. Since the level of significance is less than 0.05, there is a significant relationship between the mean age of patients and the frequency of thyroid surgery specimens. The most prevalent benign and malignant thyroid tumors were goiter (76.8%) and papillary carcinoma (92.6%), respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between age, gender, and benign and malignant type. Also, the most prevalent benign and malignant thyroid tumors were goiter and papillary, respectively.

Background: The sexual medicine education in medical faculties has been a challenging issue worldwide in recent decades. Most of medical students are dissatisfied for their sexual health education which indicates an emergent need for curriculum revision. The nobility of the study was to reveal medical students' competency gaps on sexual medicine.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a large, public medical school, topped the national ranking for its excellence in education. The target population was medical interns in their 6th and 7th year of their course. With a census sampling approach, all eligible students were included. To develop the questionnaire, the framework of ESSM (European Society for Sexual Medicine) syllabus of sexual medicine 2012 was employed after being examined by an expert panel to meet the criteria of content coverage. Recruiting 10 participants, a pilot was conducted to assess the criterions of validity and reliability. Finally a 35 item questionnaire was developed including three domains; "male sexual problems", "female sexual problems" and "common to both sexes sexual problems” with 17, 9, and 9 items, respectively. Students were asked to answer each item in a five-level Likert scale. The total score was standardized to convert scores to a range of 0-100 making it easy to interpret. In addition, a single question on the general competency was asked. Analytical statistics were used appropriate to data type and distribution (t test, one-way ANOVA). Study protocol was approved by research executive and ethics board of the institution.Results: 152 of 260 eligible students participated, with mean age of 25.0 (SD=2.3), of whom 54% were females. The standardized total competency score was 22.3 (95% CI: 20.4-24.2). Regarding to not only total but also different domains scores, there was no significant difference in different grades (PV>0.05). The female students' competency was significantly higher in the domain of "female sexual problems" and "common sexual problems, but not in the domain of "male sexual problems". None of the interns believed that they are competent enough to manage patients with sexual problems by themselves.Conclusions: We magnificently attained that medical students' clinical competency on sexual medicine is poor. Medical education system of Iran would not be able to deal with this challenge unless it provides with a comprehensive curriculum revision.

The author analyzes the history of the unique mountain-shaped ancient ritual vessels – Boshanlu (博山爐) censers, known in China since the Western Han era (202 BC – 8 AD), based on research obtained through written, archaeological and museum sources, as well as material from the author’s field research in East Asia. The mountain-shaped censer openly embodies symbols of Taoist interpretations of the holy 仙 xian and the search for immortality. Subsequently, once the incense burners began to incorporate Buddhist symbols, they gained great importance in Buddhist ritual practices. The design of these vessels gradually transformed under the influence of Buddhism, as Taoist symbols were phased out in favor of various Buddhist attributes. These incense burners became an integral decorative element of the Buddhist altar (alongside flower vases and candlesticks). Having ceased its time of mass use in the post-Han years, Boshanlu censer have not completely disappeared. Their memory has survived among burial imagery, cave and stone bas-reliefs and Buddhist-themed sculptural compositions. The article provides the research of the most prominent issues of the Southern Liang, Northern Qi and Sui dynasties’ cultural heritage (second half of the 6th century) and shows their influence on the Boshanlu censers’ exterior and similarities of the latter with the gilt-bronze Baekje (百済金銅大香爐) incense burner. After a profound analysis, taking into account latest research, the symbolism which encompassed Baekje incense burners (at the turn of the 6–7th centuries) has been found to contain common features with the Chinese mountain-shaped censers, characterized by elements that allow this vessel to be classified as a unique item, symbolically reflecting an entire complex of various religious and philosophical representations, including Taoist-Buddhist concepts, local cults and local versions of palace ceremonies and everyday practices of the people of the state of Baekje.

In India, assembly constituencies (ACs), represented by elected officials, are the primary geopolitical units for state-level policy development. However, data on social indicators are traditionally reported and analyzed at the district level, and are rarely available for ACs. Here, we combine village-level data from the 2011 Indian Census and AC shapefiles to systematically derive AC-level estimates for the first time. We apply this methodology to describe the distribution of 11 education infrastructures—ranging from pre-primary school to senior secondary school—across rural villages in 3773 ACs. We found high variability in access to higher education infrastructures and low variability in access to lower education variables. For 40.3% (25th percentile) to 79.7% (75th percentile) of villages in an AC, the nearest government senior secondary school was >5 km away, whereas the nearest government primary school was >5 km away in just 0% (25th percentile) to 1.9% (75th percentile) of villages in an AC. The states of Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, and Bihar showed the greatest within-state variation in access to education infrastructures. We present a novel analysis of access to education infrastructure to inform AC-level policy, and demonstrate how geospatial and Census data can be leveraged to derive AC-level estimates for any population health and development indicators collected in the Census at the village level.

Abstract Background Physicians may spend a significant amount of time using the electronic health record (EHR), but this is understudied in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The objective of this study is to quantify PICU attending physician EHR usage and determine its association with patient census and mortality scores. Methods During the year 2016, total EHR, chart review, and documentation times of 7 PICU physicians were collected retrospectively utilizing an EHR-embedded time tracking software package. We examined associations between documentation times and patient census and maximum admission mortality scores. Odds ratios (ORs) are reported per 1-unit increase in patient census and mortality scores. Results Overall, total daily EHR usage time (median time [hh:mm] [25th, 75th percentile]) was 2:10 (1:31, 3:08). For all hours (8 a.m.–8 a.m.), no strong association was noted between total EHR time, chart review, and documentation times and patient census, Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2), or Pediatric Risk of Mortality 3 (PRISM3) scores. For regular hours (8 a.m.–7 p.m.), no strong association was noted between total EHR, chart review, and documentation times and patient census, PIM2, or PRISM3 scores. When patient census was higher, the odds of EHR after-hour usage (7 p.m.–8 a.m.) was higher (OR 1.262 [1.135, 1.403], p < 0.0001), but there were no increased odds with PIM2 (OR 1.090 [0.956, 1.242], p = 0.20) and PRISM3 (OR 1.010 [0.984, 1.036], p = 0.47) scores. A subset of physicians spent less time performing EHR-related tasks when patient census and admission mortality scores were elevated. Conclusion We performed a novel evaluation of physician EHR workflow in our PICU. Our pediatric critical care physicians spend approximately 2 hours (out of an expected 10-hour shift) each service day using the EHR, but there was no strong or consistent association between EHR usage and patient census or mortality scores. Future larger scale studies are needed to ensure validity of these results.

A bronze censer found in the Church of Brick Pillars in Old Dongola in 1968 provides unique insight into the role of such liturgical vessels in medieval Nubia. In this new study of the iconography and production technique of this vessel, coupled with an epigraphical analysis of the Greek and Old Nubian inscription around the edge, the author suggests that the vessel was crafted by Makurian craftsmen sometime in the first few hundred years after the conversion of the Nubian kingdoms to Christianity (in the 6th or 7th century AD). Seeking sources of inspiration for the Dongolan masters of the metal-working craft, the author looks to the Byzantine Empire, where close parallels for the decoration of the Nubian censer can be found in late antique silver objects. This leads to a discussion of trade relations between the Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Makuria, and the possible exchange of official gifts.

A costa Norte Potiguar possui, desde o período colonial, notório destaque na produção salineira, dadas as condições favoráveis à extração do sal marinho (ANDRADE, 1995; COSTA, 2013; DINIZ, 2013). Entretanto a produção não conseguia atender sequer o mercado interno, situação modificada com a mecanização salineira implantada a partir da década de 1960, realizada com notória participação do grande capital internacional associado ao financiamento do estado brasileiro. E este processo de mecanização ocasionou drásticas mudanças em Macau, situada a 175 km de Natal, capital do Rio Grande do Norte, ampliando o desemprego, gerando atitudes como acidentes de trabalho propositais (COSTA, 1991), para obter indenizações ou aposentadorias. Assim, o presente artigo objetivou discutir as consequências advindas da mecanização das salinas ocorrida em Macau/RN, a partir da década de 1970 até os anos 2000, como a ampliação do processo migratório a partir da escassez de postos de trabalho advindo do processo mecanizador das salinas, o qual tornou Macau decadente no contexto urbano potiguar, fundamentando este raciocínio em questões conceituais envolvendo a problemática analisada, como a expansão do capital na produção salineira e o decréscimo da população Macauense no período 1970-2000, recorrendo a levantamento de dados primários e secundários, que serviram para melhor explicar a realidade estudada. Em 1970, segundo o Censo Demográfico do IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, a população macauense totalizava 25.800 habitantes, correspondendo à 7ª. maior população do Rio Grande do Norte. Já no censo demográfico de 1980, a população era de 24.078 habitantes, reduzida, portanto, se comparado a 1970. Em 1991, há retomada do crescimento, com a população totalizando 25.985 habitantes. Mas, no censo demográfico de 2000, a população sofre novo decréscimo, totalizando 25.700 habitantes, tornando Macau apenas a 16º maior cidade potiguar em número de habitantes. E neste processo de decréscimo populacional, destaca-se, no auge da crise, nos anos 1980, o fato de organismos relevantes, como a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, reduziu suas atividades com a estagnação do crescimento da população e a redução da demanda por cursos de graduação. Desta forma, concluiu-se que Macau não ofereceu alternativas concretas de ascensão e crescimento efetivo em diferentes esferas para essa população desempregada, não atenuando conflitos sociais gerados a partir da modernização tecnológica do parque salineiro, gerando, assim, o quadro de decréscimo populacional no período de 1970 a 2000.Palavras-Chave: Mecanização salineira. Decréscimo Populacional. Macau. ABSTRACTThe North Potiguar coast has, since the colonial period, been well-known in saline production, given the favorable conditions for the extraction of sea salt (ANDRADE, 1995; COSTA, 2013; DINIZ, 2013). However, production was not able to meet even the domestic market, a situation modified with saline mechanization implemented since the 1960s, with a notable participation of large international capital associated with the financing of the Brazilian state. And this process of mechanization led to drastic changes in Macau, located 175 km from Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, increasing unemployment, generating attitudes such as deliberate work accidents (COSTA, 1991), to obtain indemnities or pensions. Thus, this article aimed to discuss the consequences of the mechanization of salinas in Macau / RN, from the 1970s to the 2000s, as the expansion of the migration process due to the shortage of jobs resulting from the mechanization process of which made Macau decadent in the Potiguar urban context. This rationale was based on conceptual issues, such as the expansion of capital in saline production and the decline of Macau population in the period 1970-2000, using primary and secondary data. which served to better explain the reality studied. In 1970, according to the Demographic Census of IBGE - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the Macau population had 25,800 inhabitants, corresponding to the 7th largest population of Rio Grande do Norte. In the demographic census of 1980, the population was 24,078 inhabitants, thus reduced compared to 1970. In 1991, there was a resumption of growth, with the population totaling 25,985 inhabitants. However, in the 2000 population census, the population declined further, totaling 25,700 inhabitants, making Macau the only 16th largest city in terms of population. And in this process of population decline, at the height of the crisis, in the 1980s, the fact that relevant organisms, such as the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, reduced its activity with the stagnation of population growth and the reduction of demand for undergraduate courses. Thus, it was concluded that Macau did not offer concrete alternatives for survival for this unemployed population and did not attenuate the social conflicts generated by the technological modernization of the saline park, thus generating the population decline in the period from 1970 to 2000.Keywords: Saline mechanization; Population Decrease; Macau. RESUMENLa costa norte Potiguar posee, desde el período colonial, evidente destaque en la producción salinera, dadas las condiciones favorables a la extracción de la sal marina (ANDRADE, 1995; COSTA, 2013; DINIZ, 2013). Sin embargo la producción no logra atender ni siquiera el mercado interno, situación modificada con la mecanización salinera implantada a partir de la década de 1960, realizada con notoria participación del gran capital internacional asociado al financiamiento del estado brasileño. Y este proceso de mecanización ocasionó drásticos cambios en Macau, situada a 175 km de Natal, capital de Rio Grande do Norte, ampliando el desempleo, creando actitudes como accidentes de trabajo intencionales (COSTA, 1991), para obtener indemnizaciones o jubilaciones. Así, el presente artículo objetivó discutir las consecuencias derivadas de la mecanización de las salinas ocurrida en Macau / RN, a partir de la década de 1970 hasta los años 2000, como la ampliación del proceso migratorio a partir de la escasez de puestos de trabajo proveniente del proceso mecanizador de las salinas, el cual hizo Macau decadente en el contexto urbano potiguar, fundamentando este raciocinio en cuestiones conceptuales envolviendo la problemática analizada, como la expansión del capital en la producción de salinas y el decrecimiento de la población Macauense en el periodo 1970-2000, recurriendo a levantamiento de datos primarios y secundarios, que sirvieron para mejor explicar la realidad estudiada. En 1970, según el Censo Demográfico del IBGE - Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística, la población macauense totalizaba 25.800 habitantes, correspondiendo a la 7ª mayor población de Rio Grande do Norte. En el censo demográfico de 1980, la población era de 24.078 habitantes, reducida, por lo tanto, si se compara a 1970. En 1991, hay retomada del crecimiento, con la población totalizando 25.985 habitantes. Pero en el censo demográfico de 2000, la población sufre nuevo decrecimiento, totalizando 25.700 habitantes, haciendo que Macau solamente el 16º mayor ciudad potiguar en número de habitantes. Y en este proceso de descenso poblacional, se destaca, en el auge de la crisis, en los años 1980, el hecho de organismos relevantes, como la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Norte, redujo sus actividades con el estancamiento del crecimiento de la población y la reducción de la demanda por cursos de graduación. De esta forma, se concluyó que Macau no ofreció alternativas concretas de supervivencia para esa población desempleada, no atenuando conflictos sociales generados a partir de la modernización tecnológica del parque de salinas, generando así el cuadro de descenso poblacional en el período de 1970 a 2000.Palabras clave: Mecanización de salinas; disminución de la población; Macau.

Introduction: Emergency Department (ED) crowding is a pervasive problem and is associated with adverse patient outcomes. Yet, there are no widely accepted, universal ED crowding metrics. The objective of this study is to identify ED crowding metrics with the strongest association to the risk of ED revisits within 72 hours, which is a patient-oriented adverse outcome. Methods: Crowding metrics, patient characteristics and outcomes were obtained from administrative data for all ED encounters from 2011-2014 for three adult EDs in Calgary, AB. The data were randomly divided into three partitions for cross-validation, and further divided by CTAS category 1, 2/3 and 4/5. Twenty unique ED crowding metrics were calculated and assigned to each patient seen on each calendar day or shift, to standardize the exposure. Logistic regression models were fitted with 72h ED revisit as the dependent variable, and an individual crowding metric along with a common list of confounders as independent variables. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for the 72h return visits were obtained for each crowding metric. The strength of associations between 72h revisits and crowding metrics were compared using Akaike's Information Criterion and Akaike weights. Results: This analysis is based on 1,149,939 ED encounters. Across all CTAS groups, INPUT metrics (ED census, ED occupancy, waiting time, EMS offload delay, LWBS%) were only weakly associated with the risk of 72h re-visit. Among THROUGHPUT metrics, ED Length of Stay and MD Care Time had similar adjusted ORs for 72h ED re-visit (range 0.99-1.15). Akaike weights ranging from 0.3/1.00 to 0.4/1.00 indicate that both THROUGHPUT metrics are reasonable predictors of 72h ED re-visits. All OUTPUT metrics (boarding time, # of boarded patients, % of beds occupied by boarded patients, hospital occupancy) had statistically significant ORs for 72h ED re-visits. The median boarding time had the highest adjusted OR for 72h ED re-visit (adjusted OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.33-1.47) and highest Akaike weight (0.97/1.00) compared to all other OUTPUT metrics, indicating that median boarding time had the strongest association with 72h re-visits. Conclusion: ED THROUGHPUT and OUTPUT metrics had consistent associations with 72h ED re-visits, while INPUT metrics had little to no association with 72h re-visits. Median boarding time is the strongest predictor of 72h re-visits, indicating that this may be the most meaningful measure of ED crowding.

On flora semantics in house names found in Vidzeme: materials contained in the 1826 counting of souls in Vidzeme provinceThe information of the counting of souls containing both house names and names of individuals is an essential aspect of historical onomastics.The first counting of souls in Vidzeme took place in 1782 and coincided with the 4th analogous census of the provinces of Russia. Subsequently these took place at irregular intervals, the 5th in 1795, the 6th in 1811, the 7th in 1816, the 8th in 1834, the 9th in 1850, and the final, 10th in 1858.The number of house names entered in the 1826 counting of souls in Vidzeme province (guberna) is 14,500, including those of peasant homes that had been separated from another property whilst retaining the same name. House names based on flora (incl. names of mushrooms) semantics are listed for 574 dwellings, which represent just about 4% of all house names listed for Vidzeme, providing that repeated house names are counted separately. In case of several manors data is missing (lost) for the 1826 census, information for these manors is taken from previous and subsequent censuses.In many instances (279 cases registered) house names were based on the names of deciduous trees found in their immediate vicinity: such names comprise 48.6% of all house names of flora semantic origin, i. e., ozols ‘oak-tree’, bērzs ‘birch-tree’, kārkls ‘osier’, liepa ‘linden tree’, kļava ‘maple tree’, apses ‘aspen’, osis ‘ash tree’, alksnis ‘alder’, lazda ‘hazel-tree’, vītols ‘willow’, ieva ‘bird cherry’.Names based on names of conifers are found (35 instances were recorded, or 6.1% of all house names based on flora semantics), i. e., egle ‘spruce tree’, paeglis, kadiķis ‘juniper’, priede ‘pine-tree’.House names based on names of fruit trees and bushes are only occasionally found in Vidzeme, with 8 recorded instances, or 1.4% of all house names based on flora semantics, i. e., ābele ‘apple tree’, and upene ‘black-currant’.The next sub-group of house names based on flora semantics comprises those based on names of cereals. This is one of the most widely occurring flora semantics sub-groups and contains 58 entries, or 10,1% of all house names based on flora semantics, i. e., auzas ‘oats’, rudzi ‘rye’, mieži ‘barley’, kvieši ‘wheat’, griķi ‘buckwheat’.House names have been found based on terms of 6 legumes, which represents 1% of all house names based on flora semantics, i. e., zirnis ‘pea’, pupa, ‘bean’.Names of common vegetables are the basis for a considerable number of house names. i. e. 53 instances are recorded, representing 9.2% of all house names derived from flora semantics, i. e., rutks, ruduks ‘radish’, kāposts ‘cabbage’, rācenis ‘turnip’, sīpols ‘onion’, ķiploks ‘garlic’, kālis ‘swede’, gurķis ‘cucumber’.House names also derive from terms of widely-cultivated plants such as kaņepes ‘hemp’, apiņi ‘hops’ and lini ‘flax’. These have been the basis for 40 house names, which represent 7% of all hose names based on flora semantics.House names are also based on the names of cultivated and wild herbal plants, and of garden weeds. 47 such cases have been recorded, corresponding to 8.2% of all house names based on flora semantics, i. e., dadzis ‘thistle’, āboliņš ‘clover’, and amoliņš ‘sweet clover’, dille ‘dill’, grīslis ‘sedge’, smilga ‘bent grass’, usne ‘creeping thistle’, pienene ‘dandelion’, pērkones ‘charlocks’, niedre ‘reed’, skosta ‘horse-tail’, vībotne ‘mugwart’.A total of 32 house names based on three flower terms, roze ‘rose’, magone ‘poppy’ and astere ‘aster’ have been recorded; this represents 5.6% of all house names based on flora semantics. The majority (26) of these house names are based on terms of roses.A number of house names in Vidzeme appear to be based on names of mushrooms. 6 such names have been recorded, which represent 1% of all house names based on flora semantics, i. e., bekas ‘boletus’, krimilde, and rudmiese ‘Loctarius’.House names listed in the 1826 counting of souls are based on a wide range of flora semantics, with a clear preference for lexemes associated with names of trees. It is possible that this reflects landscape elements close to these homes, as well as the place that these features have in the relationship of home owners with nature, and their work. In order to draw any deeper conclusions about the presence of flora semantics in house names it would be necessary to examine all relevant historical records up to the present time. O semantyce roślinnej nazw domostw w Widzeme: materiały zawarte w spisie dusz z roku 1826 w krainie WidzemeInformacje o liczeniu dusz, obejmujące zarówno nazwy domostw, jak i nazwiska osób stanowią istotny aspekt onomastyki historycznej.Pierwsze liczenie dusz w krainie historycznej Widzeme odbyło się w 1782 r. i zbiegło się w czasie z podobnym, czwartym spisem, przeprowadzonym w guberniach rosyjskich. Kolejne spisy odbywały się nieregularnie: piąty w 1795 r., szósty w 1811, siódmy w 1816, ósmy w 1834, dziewiąty w 1850, i ostatni, dziesiąty, w roku 1858.Liczba nazw domostw uwzględnionych w spisie dusz z 1826 r. w Widzeme wynosi 14 500, łącznie z domami chłopskimi, będącymi odrębnymi częściami innych posiadłości, choć noszącymi tę samą co one nazwę. Nazwy domów pochodzące od nazw roślin (łącznie z nazwami grzybów) podano w przypadku 574 miejsc zamieszkania, co stanowi tylko ok. 4% ogółu nazw, zakładając, że powtarzające się nazwy liczono osobno. Ponieważ w przypadku niektórych siedzib brak danych (zaginęły) w spisie z roku 1826, informacje o nich zaczerpnięto ze spisów poprzednich i następnych.Nazwy siedzib zamieszczone w spisie dusz z 1826 r. opierają się w szerokim zakresie na semantyce roślinnej, przy czym wyraźnie uprzywilejowane są jednostki leksykalne kojarzone z nazwami drzew. Najprawdopodobniej jest to związane z elementami krajobrazu, znajdującymi się w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie poszczególnych domostw, ale może też być świadectwem stosunku ich mieszkańców do otaczającej przyrody oraz do swojej pracy. Aby móc wyciągnąć dalsze wnioski na temat obecności semantyki roślinnej w nazewnictwie domostw, konieczne jest przebadanie wszystkich zapisów historycznych aż po czasy nam współczesne.

This study aims at developing a regional algorithm to quantify chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) in the Thac Ba Reservoir surface-water using Landsat 8 imagery basing on in-situ data of Chla and above-water reflectance taken in both dry and rainy seasons 2018. In situ datasets obtained from 30 water sampling sites show a strong correlation (R2=0.73) with the reflectance ratio of two Landsat 8 (L8) bands, the green band (band 3: B3) versus the red band (band 4: B4), B3 / B4, by an exponential equation. The algorithm for estimating Chla using this ratio was well-matched up the validation using multiple-dates in-situ datasets (R2 = 0.82; RMSE ~ 5%) and was then applied to L8 images level 2 acquired in both dry and rainy seasons to understand the spatiotemporal distribution of Chla over the reservoir. Obtained maps of Chla present clearly two trends: (1) Chla in the reservoir water in the dry season (averaged at 15.3 mg/m3) is relatively lower than those in the rainy season (averaged at 17.0 mg/m3); (2) In both seasons, Chla increased from water area in front of the Chay River mouth to the center of the reservoir. The algorithm and method outlined in this study could be applied to monitoring Chl in other inland waters having similar features as the Thac Ba Reservoir water.ReferencesAPHA, 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington DC, 1220p.Bac N.A., Viet N.D., Ha N.T.T., Huong H.T.T., 2017. Identifying eutrophication status of shallow waters based on estimated trophic state index from satellite data. Journal of Science and Technology, 55(4C), 85-89.Bernardo N., Watanabe F., Rodrigues T., Alcântara E., 2017. 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Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects over 100,000 people in the US, the majority of whom are African American. Socioeconomic challenges have a significant impact on both access and adherence to appropriate treatments which, given a history of racial segregation and discrimination, disproportionately burden under-represented minorities. The distribution of socioeconomic factors, like poverty, educational attainment, and housing quality, can now be assessed routinely at the population level, yet the distribution and impact of such contextual risks in the pediatric sickle cell population have not been sufficiently described. Here, we sought to characterize the burden of neighborhood-level socioeconomic challenges and barriers among children with SCD in one large, urban county. We also sought to determine whether these area-level indicators were associated with hospitalizations and markers of adherence to SCD medications. Methods We pursued a retrospective review of electronic health record data from 2011-2017 for children with HbSS disease in the active Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center's SCD registry which includes all children receiving care within the past two years in the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center and is representative of nearly all children with SCD in Hamilton County, Ohio. The analysis was performed under an IRB-approved study investigating socioeconomic factors for children in Hamilton County. Children within the SCD registry were excluded from this analysis if they had a non-HbSS genotype or an address outside of Hamilton County. Addresses were geocoded and linked to a specific census tract which approximates local neighborhood boundaries. Once linked to a census tract, that address was connected to a pre-determined list of variables present within the 2013-2017 US Census' American Community Survey. Variables included the census tract poverty rate, educational attainment rate (percentage of adults with less than a high school education), and the percentage of vacant housing. A validated census tract-level deprivation index, assembled from 6 such census variables, was also included. Outcomes of interest included number of hospitalizations and ED visits during the study period and %HbF for the subset on hydroxyurea treatment. Descriptive statistics were used to illustrate ecological socioeconomic characteristics among included patients. Associations between area-based socioeconomic deprivation and outcomes of interest were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Results There were 141 patients with HbSS included in the analysis (53% Male, 82% publicly insured). Mean age at the end of the analysis period was 9.6±6.3 years. Consistent with the aggressive treatment strategy at our center, most (97%) were on disease modifying treatment with either hydroxyurea (81%) or chronic transfusion therapy (16%). Compared to the county as a whole, children in the registry mapped to areas with relatively high rates of poverty (median 26%; IQR 15%-42%), low rates of education attainment (median with high school degree 86%; IQR 78%-91%), and high rates of vacant housing (median 13%; IQR 8%-19%). The deprivation index is scaled between 0 and 1 with higher values indicative of more socioeconomic deprivation. In our population, the deprivation index median was 0.45 (IQR 0.36-0.61). When the sample was categorized into three deprivation groups (low < 25th percentile, medium between 25th and 75th, and high >75th percentile), we found trends toward associations with utilization and adherence measures (Table 1). Conclusion A majority of our SCD patients live in neighborhoods with stark socioeconomic challenges and barriers which have been shown to negatively affect health outcomes. There appears to be a significant trend towards increased utilization among those living in more deprived neighborhoods, although, the link with adherence was less clear. The latter finding, indicative of similar HbF levels across deprivation groupings, may be the result of efforts made by our multidisciplinary comprehensive care team to optimize care for all patients regardless of socioeconomic challenges. The data presented here are novel and likely representative of socioeconomic challenges of most SCD patients living in the US. Future, larger, multi-center studies should focus on identifying and addressing social determinants of health within this population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Purpose Slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE) is one of the most common adolescent hip pathologies in children with potential for life-long morbidity secondary to avascular necrosis (AVN). The primary aim is to determine an up-to-date demographic of SUFE, as well as current trends in presentation and radiological characteristics. Secondary aims are to quantify prophylactic fixation and subsequent contralateral SUFE. Methods Between 01 January 2013 and 31 December 2015, all cases of SUFE were identified in Northern Ireland. Patient demographics, slip characteristics and outcomes are presented and the incidence rates were calculated using census data. Temporal changes in incidence, compared with a previous cohort, are demonstrated. Results A total of 56 patients (80 hips) were identified. Based on census data, SUFE incidence has declined from 7.14 to 4.69/100,000 population aged < 16 years. Male cases predominated by > 2:1 ratio, and tended to be older than female cases. Approximately 75% of patients were above the 75th centile for age-sex adjusted body weight. Knee pain as a presenting symptom led to a delay in diagnosis. Prophylactic fixation was performed in 25.9%, with contralateral slips occurring in 27.5%. AVN occurred in 7.4% and remained static. Conclusion The incidence of SUFE has declined ~34% in our region. When SUFE occurs, knee pain often results in a delay in definitive diagnosis, and commands clinical vigilance to avoid delays in diagnosis. Patients in our region should be aware of a 1-in-4 contralateral slip rate. Overall, AVN rates remain static and are acceptable, despite the declining incidence of SUFE. Level of evidence Level III - Retrospective Cohort Study

Neighborhood greenspace may attract new residents and lead to sociodemographic or housing cost changes. We estimated relationships between greenspace and gentrification-related changes in the 43 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) of the United States (US). We used the US National Land Cover and Brown University Longitudinal Tracts databases, as well as spatial lag models, to estimate census tract-level associations between percentage greenspace (years 1990, 2000) and subsequent changes (1990–2000, 2000–2010) in percentage college-educated, percentage working professional jobs, race/ethnic composition, household income, percentage living in poverty, household rent, and home value. We also investigated effect modification by racial/ethnic composition. We ran models for each MSA and time period and used random-effects meta-analyses to derive summary estimates for each period. Estimates were modest in magnitude and heterogeneous across MSAs. After adjusting for census-tract level population density in 1990, compared to tracts with low percentage greenspace in 1992 (defined as ≤50th percentile of the MSA-specific distribution in 1992), those with high percentage greenspace (defined as >75th percentile of the MSA-specific distribution) experienced higher 1990–2000 increases in percentage of the employed civilian aged 16+ population working professional jobs (β: 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11, 0.26) and in median household income (β: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.31). Adjusted estimates for the 2000–2010 period were near the null. We did not observe evidence of effect modification by race/ethnic composition. We observed evidence of modest associations between greenspace and gentrification trends. Further research is needed to explore reasons for heterogeneity and to quantify health implications.

Abstract. Statistically significant correlations between increase of asthma attacks in children and elevated concentrations of particulate matter of diameter 10 microns and less (PM10) were determined for metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. Interpolated concentrations from a five-site network provided spatial distribution of PM10 that was mapped onto census tracts with population health records. The case-crossover statistical method was applied to determine the relationship between PM10 concentration and asthma attacks. For children ages 5–17, a significant relationship was discovered between the two, while children ages 0–4 exhibited virtually no relationship. The risk of adverse health effects was expressed as a function of the change from the 25th to 75th percentiles of mean level PM10 (36 μg m−3). This increase in concentration was associated with a 12.6% (95% CI: 5.8%, 19.4%) increase in the log odds of asthma attacks among children ages 5–17. Neither gender nor other demographic variables were significant. The results are being used to develop an asthma early warning system for the study area.

Abstract. Statistically significant correlations between increase of asthma attacks in children and elevated concentrations of particulate matter of diameter 10 microns and less (PM10) were determined for metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. Interpolated concentrations from a five-site network provided spatial distribution of PM10 that was mapped onto census tracts with population health records. The case-crossover statistical method was applied to determine the relationship between PM10 concentration and asthma attacks. For children ages 5–17, a significant relationship was discovered between the two, while children ages 0–4 exhibited virtually no relationship. The risk of adverse health effects was expressed as a function of the change from the 25th to 75th percentiles of mean level PM10 (36 μg m−3). This increase in concentration was associated with a 12.6% (95% CI: 5.8%, 19.4%) increase in the log odds of asthma attacks among children ages 5–17. Neither gender nor other demographic variables were significant. The results are being used to develop an asthma early warning system for the study area.

The absence of comparable epidemiological data challenges the correct estimation of the prevalence of congenital hearing loss (HL) around the world. Sign language (SL) is known as the main type of communication of deaf people. We suggest that the distribution of SL can be interpreted as an indirect indicator of the prevalence of congenital HL. Since a significant part of congenital HL is due to genetic causes, an assessment of the distribution of SL users can reveal regions with an extensive accumulation of hereditary HL. For the first time, we analyzed the data on the distribution of SL users that became available for the total population of Russia by the 2010 census. Seventy-three out of 85 federal regions of Russia were ranked into three groups by the 25th and 75th percentiles of the proportion of SL users: 14 regions—“low proportion”; 48 regions—“average proportion”; and 11 regions—“high proportion”. We consider that the observed uneven prevalence of SL users can reflect underlying hereditary forms of congenital HL accumulated in certain populations by specific genetic background and population structure. At least, the data from this study indicate that the highest proportions of SL users detected in some Siberian regions are consistent with the reported accumulation of specific hereditary HL forms in indigenous Yakut, Tuvinian and Altaian populations.

Jelen tanulmány a Bonyhádtól (Tolna megye) északra fekvő Szöcske-szántók dűlőben talált kora avar korra keltezhető, viszonylag gazdag melléklettel bíró sírnak és mellékleteinek a leírását tartalmazza. A temetkezés idejét a sírból előkerült leletek alapján a kora avar korra, a 6. század végére – 7. század elejére lehet tenni. A leletegyüttesben a tarsolyzáróként szolgáló egykori bizánci füstölőhöz tartozó elem és az ezüstcsésze a Balkán bizánci térségéből, egy kirabolt templom felszereléséből származhat és egy olyan személy leletegyütteséhez tartozhatott, aki maga is részt vett az avarok balkáni hadjárataiban, vagy ilyen személyekkel kapcsolatban állt.Presented and discussed here is a burial with a relatively rich array of grave goods dating from the Early Avar period found in an area known as Szöcske-szántók lying north of Bonyhád (County Tolna). On the testimony of the finds recovered from the burial, the grave can be assigned to the Early Avar period, to the late 6th–early 7th century. An element taken from a Byzantine censer that was repurposed to serve as a purse clasp and the silver bowl obviously originated from a looted church in Byzantium’s Balkanic province and were the possessions of a person who had participated in the Avars’ Balkanic campaigns or who had contact with these individuals.

This research paper aims to study the role of the National Institute for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of Women in India with special focus on the Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) number 5 – Gender Equality. The 70th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) formally adopted the resolution on “Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) comprises of 17 goals and 169 targets and came into force on 1st of January 2016. The Government of India (GOI) has appointed the NITI Aayog as the nodal agency for overseeing the implementation of the SDGs in India. (United Nations, 2015) In India only 59.3% women are literate when compared to 78.8% of men whereas there is 100% enrolment in primary education only 75.5% of girls progress for higher education. In the Indian Parliament only 11% of women hold seats in both houses namely Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. In the sub-national level women hold only 8.7% of seats across the State Legislative Assemblies in India. The sex-ratio at birth is 919 girls for every 100 boys as per the 2011 Census of India. In India 48.5% of the population are women but only 27.4% of women are in the workforce in the country. (Social Statistics Division MoSPI, GOI, 2017)

This research paper aims to study the role of the National Institute for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of Women in India with special focus on the Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) number 5 – Gender Equality. The 70th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) formally adopted the resolution on “Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) comprises of 17 goals and 169 targets and came into force on 1st of January 2016. The Government of India (GOI) has appointed the NITI Aayog as the nodal agency for overseeing the implementation of the SDGs in India. (United Nations, 2015) In India only 59.3% women are literate when compared to 78.8% of men whereas there is 100% enrolment in primary education only 75.5% of girls progress for higher education. In the Indian Parliament only 11% of women hold seats in both houses namely Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. In the sub-national level women hold only 8.7% of seats across the State Legislative Assemblies in India. The sex-ratio at birth is 919 girls for every 100 boys as per the 2011 Census of India. In India 48.5% of the population are women but only 27.4% of women are in the workforce in the country. (Social Statistics Division MoSPI, GOI, 2017)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the full distribution of children’s lead poisoning and identify “high risk” locations or areas in the neighborhood of the inner city of Syracuse (NY, USA), using quantile regression models. Methods: Global quantile regression (QR) and geographically weighted quantile regression (GWQR) were applied to model the relationships between children’s lead poisoning and three environmental factors at different quantiles (25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th). The response variable was the incident rate of children’s blood lead level ≥ 5 µg/dL in each census block, and the three predictor variables included building year, town taxable values, and soil lead concentration. Results: At each quantile, the regression coefficients of both global QR and GWQR models were (1) negative for both building year and town taxable values, indicating that the incident rate of children lead poisoning reduced with newer buildings and/or higher taxable values of the houses; and (2) positive for the soil lead concentration, implying that higher soil lead concentration around the house may cause higher risks of children’s lead poisoning. Further, these negative or positive relationships between children’s lead poisoning and three environmental factors became stronger for larger quantiles (i.e., higher risks). Conclusions: The GWQR models enabled us to explore the full distribution of children’s lead poisoning and identify “high risk” locations or areas in the neighborhood of the inner city of Syracuse, which would provide useful information to assist the government agencies to make better decisions on where and what the lead hazard treatment should focus on.

Background and aims: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common treatable physical growth disorders leading to mental retardation. Most cases of this disease can be detected through the neonatal screening program. Given the high prevalence of this disease and the implementation of screening programs in recent years in Iran, this study aimed to assess the growth indices of newborns with CH. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 66 newborns with CH detected in the screening program in Shahrekord were selected by a census sampling method. Overall, 125 healthy newborns were also selected as controls by the convenience sampling technique according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The height, weight, head circumference, and body mass index (BMI) of the samples were measured and then the mean, median, standard deviation, as well as the 3rd, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, and 97th percentiles in the two groups were determined and compared based on gender and age group. Results: The height, weight, head circumference, and BMI of the boys, in addition to the head circumference and BMI of the girls, were not significantly different from those of the controls (P>0.05). However, the height and weight of the girls were significantly lower compared to those in the control group, although the difference in the weight was corrected at the age of 9 months. Conclusion: In general, the growth indices of newborns with CH were lower than those of the controls. This difference was significant only for the weight and height of girls with CH.

Background: Industrial food fortification is a major strategy to improve dietary micronutrient intakes and prevent deficiencies. Zambia introduced mandatory sugar fortification with vitamin A, at a target of 10 mg/kg, in 1998. Representative surveys conducted since that time do not support marked improvement in vitamin A status. Objective: To describe vitamin A concentrations in retail sugar, as well as vendor practices, perceptions of fortified foods, and sugar use practices. Methods: We conducted a census of sugar vendors in one Zambian community, capturing information on vendors, available brands and packaging options, and storage conditions. We purchased all brands and package types of sugar available at each vendor. In a 15% subsample, we conducted semi-structured interviews with vendor–consumer pairs. We tested 50% of sugar samples at random for vitamin A using an iCheck portable fluorimeter. Results: The distribution of vitamin A in sugar in market samples was highly skewed, with a median of 3.1 mg/kg (25th-75th percentiles: 1.8-5.5) and a range from 0.2 to 29.9 mg/kg. Only 11.3% of samples met the 10 mg/kg statutory requirement. Sugar was primarily repackaged and sold in small quantities, with rapid turnover of stocks. Perceptions of fortification by vendors and consumers were generally positive. Conclusions: Vitamin A in fortified sugar fell well below statutory requirements. Our data point to challenges at regional depot and/or poor adherence to fortification standards at the factory level. A renewed commitment to monitoring and enforcement will be required for Zambia to benefit from a food fortification strategy.

ObjectiveTo examine associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) and 90-day poststroke outcomes.MethodsThe Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project is a population-based surveillance study in Nueces County, Texas. Patients with strokes were identified between 2010 and 2016 via active and passive surveillance and enrolled in the study. nSES index is a standardized composite of 2010 Census tract–level income, wealth, education, and employment (median −4.56, interquartile range −7.48 to −0.46). The 90-day outcomes were ascertained via interview: functional status measured by the average of 22 activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living (range 1–4), biopsychosocial health by the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life scale (range 0–5), and depressive symptoms by the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (range 0–24). Associations between nSES and outcomes were estimated using confounder-adjusted generalized estimating equations with an nSES × NIH Stroke Scale score interaction term.ResultsSeven hundred seventy-six survivors made up the analytical sample (52.96% male, 62.24% Mexican American, 52.96% ≥64 years old). Higher compared to lower nSES (mean difference comparing 75th to 25th percentile of nSES) was associated with better function (−0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.49 to −0.05), better biopsychosocial health (0.26, 95% CI 0.06–0.47), and fewer depressive symptoms (−1.77, 95% CI −3.306 to −0.48) among those with moderate to severe strokes. Among those with minor strokes, higher nSES was associated with better function (−0.13, 95% CI −0.24 to −0.02).ConclusionsnSES may influence poststroke recovery. Studies should identify neighborhood characteristics that contribute to poststroke outcomes, particularly in moderate to severe stroke survivors.

PurposeSince finance is an efficacious instrument for economic development, social inclusion and women empowerment, the present paper examines the determinants of accessing institutional and non-institutional finance across male- and female-headed households in rural India.Design/methodology/approachMultinomial logistic regression is applied for categorizing households' accessing finance in four categories, namely Only Institutional Finance (IF), Only Non-institutional Finance (NIF), Both Sources of Finance (BF) and Neither Source of Finance (N). Both household and state-level determinants have been analysed. Household data set is sourced from the Situation Assessment Survey (NSSO, 70th round) and state-level data sets from Basic Road Statistics 2016, Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2016, Rainfall Statistics of India 2014, database on Indian Economy RBI and Census 2011. Econometric regressions have been evaluated for female-headed households (FHHs), male-headed households (MHHs) and overall pooled households (HHs).FindingsFour important findings emerge. First, FHHs have a lower probability of accessing IF and a higher probability of accessing NIF vis-a-vis MHHs. Second, in general, education levels, monthly household consumption expenditure, land size holding, irrigated area and penetration of scheduled commercial banks favourably influence FHHs accessing IF. Third, FHHs belonging to socially disadvantaged castes have a lower probability of accessing IF. Fourth, a substantial proportion of FHHs accesses neither IF nor NIF relative to MHHs.Practical implicationsThe paper thoroughly addresses the issue of accessing finance by FHHs and MHHs, which will further assist policymakers in formulating holistic financial policies for rural India.Social implicationsThe paper recommends increasing women's access to financial services as an effective tool for reducing poverty and lowering income inequality in rural India.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the scant empirical literature on finance and gender.

BackgroundPneumonia remains the leading cause of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy was developed to standardise care in low-income and middle-income countries for major childhood illnesses and can effectively improve healthcare worker performance. Suboptimal clinical evaluation can result in missed diagnoses and excess morbidity and mortality. We estimate the sensitivity of pneumonia diagnosis and investigate its determinants among children in Malawi.MethodsData were obtained from the 2013–2014 Service Provision Assessment survey, a census of health facilities in Malawi that included direct observation of care and re-examination of children by trained observers. We calculated sensitivity of pneumonia diagnosis and used multilevel log-binomial regression to assess factors associated with diagnostic sensitivity.Results3136 clinical visits for children 2–59 months old were observed at 742 health facilities. Healthcare workers completed an average of 30% (SD 13%) of IMCI guidelines in each encounter. 573 children met the IMCI criteria for pneumonia; 118 (21%) were correctly diagnosed. Advanced practice clinicians were more likely than other providers to diagnose pneumonia correctly (adjusted relative risk 2.00, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.29). Clinical quality was strongly associated with correct diagnosis: sensitivity was 23% in providers at the 75th percentile for guideline adherence compared with 14% for those at the 25th percentile. Contextual factors, facility structural readiness, and training or supervision were not associated with sensitivity.ConclusionsCare quality for Malawian children is poor, with low guideline adherence and missed diagnosis for four of five children with pneumonia. Better sensitivity is associated with provider type and higher adherence to IMCI. Existing interventions such as training and supportive supervision are associated with higher guideline adherence, but are insufficient to meaningfully improve sensitivity. Innovative and scalable quality improvement interventions are needed to strengthen health systems and reduce avoidable child mortality.

Introduction: In certain circumstances, skin and soft tissue infections are managed with intravenous (IV) antibiotics. In our center, patients initiated on outpatient IV antibiotics are followed up by a home parental therapy program the following day. A significant number of these patients require a repeat visit to the ED because of clinic hours. Probenecid is a drug that can prolong the half-life of certain antibiotics (such as cefazolin) and can therefore avoid a repeat ED visit, reducing health care costs and improve ED capacity. Our goal was to increase probenecid usage in the ED in order to optimize management of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) in the ED. The primary outcome was to compare the usage of probenecid in the pre and post-intervention phase. Secondary outcomes were to compare revisit rates between patients receiving cefazolin alone vs cefazolin + probenecid. Methods: Using administrative data merged with Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE), we extracted data 90 days pre- and 90 post-intervention (February 11, 2015 to August 11, 2015). The setting for the study is an urban center (4 adult ED’s with an annual census of over 320,000 visits per year). Our CPOE system is fully integrated into the ED patient care. The multi-faceted intervention involved modifying all relevant SSTI order sets in the CPOE system to link any cefazolin order with an order for probenecid. Physicians and nurses were provided with a 1 page summary of probenecid (indications, contra-indications, pharmacology), as well as decision support with the CPOE. Any patients who were receiving outpatient cefazolin therapy were included in the study. Results: Our analysis included 2512 patients (1148 and 1364 patients in the pre/post phases) who received cefazolin in the ED and were discharged during the 180 day period. Baseline variables (gender, age, % admitted) and ED visits were similar in both phases. In the pre-intervention phase 30.2% of patients received probenecid and in the post-intervention phase 43.0%, for a net increase of 12.8% (p=<0.0001). Patients who received probenecid had a 2.2% (11.4% vs 13.6%, p=0.014) lower re-visit rate in the following 72H. Conclusion: We have implemented a CPOE based clinical decision support intervention that demonstrated significant increase in probenecid usage by emergency physician and resulted in a decrease in ED revisits. This intervention would result in health care cost-savings.

Abstract Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) and other non-disease (social and demographic) characteristics are known to predict overall survival (OS) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (Petridou et al. Ann Oncol 2015). Less is known about the impact of these factors on survival of adults with ALL. We studied which non-biological risks impact OS in adults with Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph negative) ALL, with emphasis on the impact of SES on survival. Methods: We assembled data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER-18) registry from 2000 to 2014. This registry covers 27.8% of the US population. We identified patients 18-69 years old diagnosed with Ph negative ALL between 2000-2012 using ICD-O-3 codes. We merged data with the Federal Information Processing Standards county codes and designated patients as metropolitan or non-metropolitan based on state and country 2013 rural-urban continuum codes. We assigned county-level median household income using the Census American Community Survey (www.census.gov). Descriptive statistics were calculated for age at diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, insurance status,median household income, and status with respect to the 200% of the federal poverty line (FPL). We stratified the population by age: 18-39 years (adolescent and young adult, or AYA, cohort) and 40-69 years (adult cohort). We also identified 3 eras of interest: 2000 to 2003, 2004 to 2007, and 2008 to 2012. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression assessed predictors of OS, with separate models for AYAs and adults. Analyses were performed using SAS. Results: In total, 5,858 patients met criteria for analysis. Median age was 41.4 years (25-75th%: 26.9-54.8), with 45.8%patients in the AYA cohort. 57.8% of patients were male, and half were non-Hispanic white (50.8%). Over 90% of all patients lived in metropolitan counties. One-third (35%) of patients lived below the 200% FPL. Median household income was $55,901 (25-75th%: $51,389-67,677). 49% of patients had missing data about insurance, so we omitted this variable from analysis. ALL lineage was B cell in 57%, T-cell in 10%, and unspecified in 33% of cases. 52% were married overall with more AYAs (61.3%) not married compared to older adults (34%). In Cox regression model for AYAs, higher median income was associated with better OS (HR=0.95 for every $10,000 above national household income, p=0.03). We also found that later era of diagnosis (2008-2012 vs. 2000-2003) was associated with better OS (HR=0.70, p<0.001), while older age (HR=1.04, p<0.0001), unspecified lineage (vs. B-cell, HR=1.20, p=0.04), and all races compared to non-Hispanic white were associated with poorer OS with the exception of Asian/Pacific Islander: American Indian (HR=2.82, p<0.001), Hispanic (HR=1.58, p<0.001), and non-Hispanic black (HR=1.50, p<0.001). Sex, marital status, and rural residence were not associated with OS in the AYA cohort. In the adult cohort, in a Cox regression model, patients with higher income had better OS (HR=0.95 for every $10,000 above median national household income, p=0.001). We also found that later era of diagnosis (2008-2012 and 2004-2007 vs. 2000-2003), and non-metropolitan geography (HR=0.81, p<0.001) predicted better OS, while older age (HR=1.03, p<0.0001), Hispanic race (HR=1.16, p=0.03), male sex (HR=1.09, p=0.03), and non-married status conferred poorer OS (HR=1.31, p<0.0001) (Table). Conclusion: We identify non-biological predictors of OS in adults with ALL in a large population-based registry. Notably, higher SES portends better OS in both AYAs and older adults with ALL, consistent with findings in the pediatric literature. Marital status affects OS only in older patients, while race/ethnicity in AYAs greatly impacts OS. All ages had improved OS in more recent years, suggesting that all age cohorts are benefitting from new ALL treatment approaches. Our findings of the impact of SES on OS call for more investigation and action to improve social support and possibly adherence in the adult population. Table. Table. Disclosures Kumar: Seattle Genetics: Research Funding. Rodday:Seattle Genetics: Research Funding. Stock:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Parsons:Seattle Genetics: Research Funding.

Abstract: Nowadays, Vietnamese women are participating actively in parts of the economy that were previously deemed male domain. Women are involved in business activities at all levels in Vietnam, making significant contributions to the economic development of the country. By December 2011, there were 81,226 small and medium enterprises headed by women, accounting for 25% of the total number of enterprises in the country (GSO, 2013). In Vietnam, despite recent economic development, socio-cultural and legal barriers are still very difficult for women since the general perception in society is that a woman’s main duty is to be a good housewife and mother and they are also often perceived as weak, passive and irrational (VWEC, 2007). Even though the studies related to women entrepreneurship development are quite extensive, amongst them only a limited number of researches on the role of legal and socio - cultural barriers on women entrepreneurs in the context of Vietnam have been investigated. Thus, supported by the World Trade Institute (WTI) in Bern, Switzerland, the researchers have chosen this as the subject of this study. Based on a quantitative survey of 110 companies in Hanoi and adjacent areas, the research has taken legal and socio - cultural barriers and explored their effect on the development of women entrepreneurship in the context of Vietnam in order to indicate how women entrepreneurs perceive the impact of socio-cultural factors, economic impacts, and policy reforms on their entrepreneurial situations and initiatives, and to then provide policy implications for promoting women’s entrepreneurship and gender equality in Vietnam. 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AbstractUrban areas have complex thermal distribution. We examined the association between extreme temperature and mortality in urban Ontario, using two temperature data sources: high-resolution and weather station data. We used distributed lag non-linear Poisson models to examine census division-specific temperature–mortality associations between May and September 2005–2012. We used random-effect multivariate meta-analysis to pool results, adjusted for air pollution and temporal trends, and presented risks at the 99th percentile compared to minimum mortality temperature. As additional analyses, we varied knots, examined associations using different temperature metrics (humidex and minimum temperature), and explored relationships using different referent values (most frequent temperature, 75th percentile of temperature distribution). Weather stations yielded lower temperatures across study months. U-shaped associations between temperature and mortality were observed using both high-resolution and weather station data. Temperature–mortality relationships were not statistically significant; however, weather stations yielded estimates with wider confidence intervals. Similar findings were noted in additional analyses. In urban environmental health studies, high-resolution temperature data is ideal where station observations do not fully capture population exposure or where the magnitude of exposure at a local level is important. If focused upon temperature–mortality associations using time series, either source produces similar temperature–mortality relationships.