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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Center for Evolutionary and Environmental Biology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Charette, Marc. "Environmental and evolutionary consequences of altered atmospheric oxygen in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28944.

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Experimental evolution was used to independently evolve 12 replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster for 34+ generations in one of three treatment environments of varying PO2: hypoxia (5.0-10.1 kPa), normoxia (21.3 kPa), and hyperoxia (40.5 kPa). Several traits related to whole animal performance and metabolism were monitored during experimental evolution and several common garden assays were performed at various stages to directly compare evolved and acclimatory differences between treatments. Results clearly demonstrate the evolution of increased anoxia tolerance in hypoxia-evolved po

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2

Douglass, James G. "Community dynamics in submersed aquatic vegetation: Intermediate consumers as mediators of environmental change." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616634.

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Natural ecosystems are strongly affected by changes in resource supply (bottom-up forces) and by changes in upper trophic levels (top-down forces). The extent to which these processes impact a system depends largely on the responses of organisms at middle trophic levels. In seagrass beds, a group of mid-level consumers known as mesograzers form a critical link in the chain of impact, connecting seagrass and epiphytic algae with predatory fishes and crustaceans. I observed dramatic seasonal and interannual changes in mesograzer abundance and species composition in eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds

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3

Sloat, Lindsey Leigh. "Causes and Consequences of Plant Responses to Environmental Change over Physiological, Ecological, and Evolutionary Time." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594929.

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Assessing how environmental change affects plants is increasingly important as terrestrial ecologists attempt to predict future patterns from current processes. However, this challenge is complicated because plant communities can respond to environmental variation at different, but overlapping scales. Additionally, both patterns and the processes that drive them are sensitive to the methods that scientists use to study them. Consequently, a variety of experimental and theoretical approaches are necessary to improve our understanding of how organisms, communities, and ecosystems will respond to

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4

DeWoody, Jennifer. "Evolutionary and genetic basis of morphological variation in Populus nigra (European black poplar)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/203957/.

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Changes in precipitation over the next century may impact the distribution of species, particularly in southern Europe, where droughts are predicted to increase in frequency. In forest trees, intraspecific variation in leaf size, branching architecture, and growth rate among populations are considered adaptive and likely related to climatic differences between sites. A previous common garden study of Populus nigra L. showed morphological variation to be highly heritable and significantly differentiated among populations, indicating phenotypic differences may be adaptive. This project studied t

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5

Imeh-Nathaniel, Adebobola. "Evolutionary Ecology of Arabidopsis thaliana: Interactions with Biotic and Abiotic Environmental Factors." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1351039606.

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6

Wagner, Clifford Michael. "Correspondence between Environmental Gradients and the Assemblage Structure of Littoral Fishes in the Tidal Portion of Three Virginia Coastal Plain Rivers." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617729.

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7

Blaylock, Robert A. "Distribution, abundance, and behavior of the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill 1815), in lower Chesapeake Bay." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616571.

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Aspects of the ecology of the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, in the lower Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries were studied using aerial surveys, biotelemetry, and examination of stomach contents. The Chesapeake Bay was surveyed by airplane during 1986-1989, to examine the distribution of cownose rays and estimate their abundance using line transect methods. Cownose rays resided in Chesapeake Bay throughout the summer months, entering in early June and emigrating in late September. They were usually absent, or nearly so, by late October. Mean monthly abundance ranged from none present in May a

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8

Elliott, David Thomas. "Copepod carcasses, mortality and population dynamics in the tributaries of the Lower Chesapeake Bay." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616641.

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Several studies have documented the occurrence of substantial numbers of zooplankton carcasses in marine field samples. However, the potential effect of carcasses on conclusions resting on zooplankton abundance estimates, and the reasons for carcass occurrence have been largely disregarded. Many field studies do not account for the presence of carcasses in their sampling methodology. Zooplankton carcasses in situ are significant for several reasons. as concentrated particles of organic matter in the water column, zooplankton carcasses can be important vehicles for organic matter transport and

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9

Mo, Cheol. "Modelling of zinc accumulation in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica (GMELIN)." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616780.

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A model of zinc accumulation by the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is developed by relating in-situ zinc body burden to time-integration of uptake. Short-term uptake rates are estimated in laboratory by introducing &\sp{lcub}65{rcub}&Zn to oysters of various weights in aquaria with salinities of 18&\perthous& and 12&\perthous&. Uptake of &\sp{lcub}65{rcub}&Zn by an oyster: (1) varies as a power function of the body weight (soft tissue dry weight) of the oyster (&dy\over{lcub}dt{rcub}& = kW&\sp{lcub}\beta{rcub}&), (2) is inversely related to the salinity of ambient water, and (3) incre

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10

Sturdivant, S. Kersey. "The Effects of Hypoxia on Macrobenthic Production and Function in the lower Rappahannock River, Chesapeake Bay, USA." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616867.

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Human development has eroded Chesapeake Bay's health, resulting in an increase in the extent and severity of hypoxia (≤2 mg O2 l-1). The Bay's hypoxic zones have an adverse affect on community function and secondary production of macrobenthos. The production of macrobenthos is important as these fauna link energy transfer from primary consumers to epibenthic predators and demersal fish, and serve as the foremost pathway that carbon is recycled out of the sediment. Additionally, bioturbation, an essential macrobenthic function that causes the displacement and mixing of sediment particles, incre

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11

Huq, Marian Vance. "Vegetation of Selected Dune Ridges and Marshes on the Eastern Shore of Virginia: Community Structure and Relationship to Environmental Factors." W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617570.

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12

Niebuhr, David Harold. "Environmental stress in hard coral: Evaluating lipid as an indicator of sublethal stress on short time scales." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616794.

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Lipid quality was evaluated in Montastrea spp. under sediment- and heat-stressed conditions to evaluate lipid ratio as an indicator of sub-lethal stress on short time scales. The ratio of storage lipid (wax ester + triacylglyceride) to structural lipid (sterol esters + phospholipid) decreased significantly (0.25 to 0.14, p < 0.01) after experimental sedimentation. FAME analysis of colonies exposed to experimental sedimentation showed a reduction of the algal, 18:3(n-6) and 18:4(n-3), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the polar lipid fraction. This loss of PUFA suggests a loss of algal membr

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13

Robertson, Marta. "Epigenetic Response to Challenging Environmental Conditions." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6939.

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The discovery of epigenetic mechanisms has ignited speculation into their role in ecological and evolutionary processes. In particular, the contribution of epigenetic variation to adaptation or phenotypic plasticity that is distinct from genetic variation would be an important addition to existing evolutionary mechanisms. Although the research of epigenetic mechanisms from an ecological and evolutionary (or eco-evolutionary) perspective has been growing, it is still unclear how epigenetic variation might function in natural populations and settings and to what extent it might serve to mediate

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14

Lake, Samuel J. "Modeling the formation of periodic hypoxia in partially mixed estuaries and its response to oligotrophication and climate change." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616727.

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The development of hypoxia represents one of the most common and ecologically detrimental effects of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment in coastal marine ecosystems. Due to the physiological importance of oxygen as a key component of metabolic processes, the development and persistence of hypoxia can reduce the distribution of important species, modify food webs, decrease diversity and richness, and sub-lethally affect growth and reproductive rates. While many recent studies have focused on the global increase in hypoxia and highlighted the need for nutrient reduction strategies, some key proce

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15

Geisz, Heidi N. C. "Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs) as Tracers of Environmental Change and Antarctic Seabird Ecology." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616664.

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Antarctic seabirds including Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), south polar skuas (Catharacta maccormicki), southern giant petrels (Macronectes gigantus) are high trophic level predators that accumulate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) present in the food webs in which they forage. Little is known about the levels of POPs in some Antarctic organisms (e.g. southern giant petrels), as well as the long-term trends of POPs in the Antarctic ecosystem. Samples from all three seabird species were collected post mortem, including eggs, from the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and in the Ross

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16

Villanueva, Chelsea Denise. "Molecular and Evolutionary Analysis of Cyanobacterial Taxonomic Methods." UNF Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/810.

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Cyanobacteria are a group of photo-oxygenic bacteria found in nearly every ecosystem, but much cyanobacterial diversity, in various habitats, has yet to be explored. Cyanobacteria are often conspicuous components of photosynthetic flora, providing significant carbon and nitrogen inputs to surrounding systems. As possible primary colonizers of stone substrates not native to this region, cyanobacteria isolated from headstones may provide biogeographically informative data. An exploratory study of lichen-dominated microbial consortia, growing on headstones, was conducted to isolate and identify n

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17

Boger, Rebecca A. "Development of a watershed and stream-reach spawning habitat model for river herring Alosa pseudoharengus and Alosa aestivalis." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616576.

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This research develops a model to identify indicators of potential suitable spawning habitat for river herring, Alosa pseudoharengus and A. aestivalis, using watershed and stream-reach metrics. The results of icthyoplankton samples collected from thirty-four streams feeding into the Rappahannock River below the Embree Dam at Fredericksburg indicate where river herring spawning occurred. Watershed and stream-reach metrics were either measured in the field or derived from digital data in a GIS. Benthic macroinvertebrate analysis was used to compare habitat quality among sites. Streams were class

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18

Husby, Arild. "Ecological genetics of populations experiencing changing environmental conditions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5672.

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A major goal in evolutionary biology is to understand how ecological factors shape the phenotypic and genetic variation that we observe in natural populations and in this thesis I examine how rapid changes in temperature have influenced phenotypic and genetic variation in morphological and life history traits in long-term studies of great tits. In Chapter 1 I review what is known about the effects of environmental change on natural populations, and outline the quantitative genetic framework that is available to study genetic variation in natural populations. Much focus on the effects of climat

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19

Li, Yue. "Biodiversity in a Dynamic World: How Environmental Variability Influences Coexistence between Introduced and Native Species." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604812.

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Understanding broad patterns of biodiversity requires developing a unified and rigorously tested theory that explains how species coexist despite the risk of competitive exclusion. Species interactions are fundamentally shaped by environmental variability. Recent theoretical development has predicted a set of general mechanisms that promote species coexistence under variable environments. Nevertheless, this theoretical framework has received limited empirical tests. Biological invasions offer excellent opportunities to empirically test coexistence mechanisms in communities in which the stabili

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20

Wilcox, Donna Denise. "Ecological Amplitude and Invasion of Diffuse Knapweed at Yakima Training Center, Washington." DigitalCommons@USU, 1996. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6524.

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Diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) is an introduced annual or short-lived perennial from Eurasia that has become a threat to native rangelands in the Pacific Northwest. Military training activities on the Yakima Training Center (YTC) increase the likelihood that knapweed will expand its range at YTC. This study, conducted in a major watershed at YTC, focused on: 1) how a variety of environmental variables influences knapweed distribution, 2) the use of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery to map existing knapweed populations, and 3) the use of a logistic regression model and geographical inf

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21

Stern, Rebecca. "Evaluating Climate And Environmental Drivers Of Tree Species’ Growth Within The Northern Forest." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1169.

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Northeastern forests are in a period of immense change. While forests are inherently dynamic ecosystems, a range of environmental challenges may cause unique and uncertain transformations within forests moving forward. How trees in northern forests respond to these environmental and anthropogenic changes remains uncertain; reductions and increases in the growth of various species and shifts in current species’ ranges may take place. I analyzed associations between tree growth (assessed using xylem increment cores) and a range of site, climate, and pollution deposition variables for seven major

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22

Campbell, Jessie J. "Influence of Environmental Factors on the Seed Ecology of Vallisneria americana." W&M ScholarWorks, 2005. http://www.vims.edu/library/Theses/Campbell/Campbell05.pdf.

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23

Castelli, Angela Nicole. "Teacher Perceptions of the Impacts of Environmental Education on the Teaching Process and on Student Learning." TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1104.

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TEACHER PERCEPTIONS OF THE IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ON THE TEACHING PROCESS AND ON STUDENT LEARNING Angela Nicole Castelli December 2004 (48) Directed by: Terry L. Wilson, Steve L. Spencer, and Raymond A. Poff Department of Physical Education and Recreation Western Kentucky University The Mammoth Cave National Park Environmental Education Partnership (EEP) has worked with schools and teachers to provide the students with curriculum-based environmental education programs on a regular basis throughout the school year. Because of this environmental education partnership, this study addr

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24

Bissonnette, Jennifer Newton. "An analysis of wetland patterns and functions at the watershed and sub-watershed scales, with *policy applications." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616569.

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This dissertation addresses the need to define potential impacts of recent and proposed changes in federal wetland regulation in a quantifiable manner. Consideration was made not only of total wetland acreage and wetland types that could sustain losses, but also to categorize the effect such losses would have in terms of wetland functions, at the watershed scale. This work took a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach, and included employing a best-professional judgment model for scoring habitat, water quality and flood attenuation functions to determine potential cumulative impacts; a

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25

Sin, Yongsik. "Ecosystem analysis of water column processes in the York River estuary, Virginia: Historical records, field studies and modeling analysis." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616855.

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Analyses of EPA long-term datasets (1985--1994) combined with field studies and ecosystem model development were used to investigate phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics in the York River estuary. Analysis of the EPA dataset showed that algal blooms occurred during winter-spring followed by smaller summer blooms. Peak phytoplankton biomass during the winter-spring blooms occurred in the mid reach of the mesohaline zone whereas during the summer bloom it occurred in the tidal fresh-mesolialine transition zone. River discharge appears to be the major factor controlling the location and timing of

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26

Cazier, Penelope Williams. "Hardwood Forest in the Coastal Plain of Virginia East of the Suffolk Scarp." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625724.

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27

Skunda, Kevin G. "Application of the Shoreline Instability Model along the Western Side of the Chesapeake Bay, Va." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617757.

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28

Gaylor, Michael O. "Bioavailability of biosolids- and consumer product-associated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants to terrestrial invertebrates." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616662.

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The primary objectives of this research were therefore to evaluate polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) bioavailability to ecologically distinct soil invertebrates exposed to Penta-BDE-treated consumer polyurethane foam (PUF) products and biosolid products with incurred PBDEs. In laboratory bioassays, earthworms (Eisenia fetida) bioaccumulated SigmaPBDEs (47+99+100+183) up to 11,000 mug/kg lipid after 28 days from a mixture of artificial soil and anaerobically-digested sludge biosolid (ADB). Earthworms also bioaccumulated SigmaPBDEs (47+99+100+153+154+183) up to 13,500 and 838,000 mug/kg lipid

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29

Lindstedt, Erin. "Environmental influences of behavior in two Gambusia species: public information use and behavioral consistency across ecological and evolutionary time scales." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420197514.

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30

Slocum, Kevin R. "Coastal zone landscape classification using remote sensing and model development." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616857.

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Coastal zone landscape characterization and empirical model development were evaluated using multi-spectral airborne imagery. Collectively, four projects are described that address monitoring and classification issues common to the resource management community. Chapter 1 discusses opportunities for remote sensing. Chapter 2 examines spectral and spatial image resolution requirements, as well as training sample selection methods required for accurate landscape classification. Classification accuracy derived from 25nm imagery with 4m pixel sizes outperformed 70nm imagery with 1m pixel sizes. Ei

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31

Miller, Courtney A. "Understanding the impacts of current and future environmental variation on central African amphibian biodiversity." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2542.

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Global climate change is projected to impact multiple levels of biodiversity by imposing strong selection pressures on existing populations, triggering shifts in species distributions, and reorganizing entire communities. The Lower Guineo-Congolian region in central Africa, a reservoir for amphibian diversity, is predicted to be severely affected by future climate change through rising temperatures and greater variability in rainfall. Geospatial modelling can be used to assess how environmental variation shapes patterns of biological variation – from the genomic to the community level – and us

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32

Martinez-Colon, Michael. "Pollutants and Foraminiferal Assemblages in Torrecillas Lagoon: An Environmental Micropaleontology Approach." Scholar Commons, 2014. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6307.

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Torrecillas Lagoon in the North Coast of Puerto Rico has experienced extensive anthropogenic influence over the past 400 years. Elevated concentrations of Potential Toxic Elements (PTEs) have been reported in surficial sediments. The main goal of this dissertation was to implement in Puerto Rico the use of benthic foraminifers as a bioindicators of PTEs and to compare the impact of Cu(II) on field samples with results of experimental work using cultures. Analyses included geochemical assessment for bulk and carbonate- soluble bioavailable concentrations of PTEs in surface, core and pore-water

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33

Campbell, Connor. "Assessing biofilm and epiphytes on seagrass leaves as bioindicators of environmental change." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2287.

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Seagrasses are highly valued for their productivity and ecosystem services. Despite their importance, seagrasses are declining globally, with losses comparable to tropical rainforests and coral reef ecosystems. Eutrophication and light reduction are two major environmental pressures contributing to seagrass loss. Eutrophication events are a consequence of increased nutrient loads entering the coastal environment. Light reduction can occur from a number of processes including eutrophication, but also increased sediment loads entering the water column through anthropogenic activities on the land

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34

Cote-Hammarlof, Pamela. "Investigating Evolutionary Innovation in Yeast Heat Shock Protein 90." eScholarship@UMMS, 2020. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1103.

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The Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) is an essential and highly conserved chaperone that facilitates the maturation of a wide array of client proteins, including many kinases. These clients in turn regulate a wide array of cellular processes, such as signal transduction, and transcriptional reprogramming. As a result, the activity of Hsp90 has the potential to influence physiology, which in turn may influence the ability to adapt to new environments. Previous studies using a deep mutational scanning approach, (EMPIRIC) identified multiple substitutions within a 9 amino acid substrate-binding loop

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Schulte, Nicholas O. "Controls on Benthic Microbial Community Structure and Assembly in a Karstic Coastal Wetland." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2447.

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The assembly mechanisms underlying microbial community abundance, biotic interactions, and diversity over space and time are unresolved, particularly in benthic microbial mats distributed along environmental gradients. Experimental enrichment of nutrient-limited microbial mats from the Florida Everglades along a nutrient subsidy-salinity stress gradient stimulated autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism, growth, and diversity independent of autotroph-heterotroph interactions across treatments and space. These results suggest spatial segregation of autotrophic and heterotrophic components with

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36

Xu, Xiaoyu. "Ecologically-framed Mercury Database, Exposure Modeling and Risk/Benefit Communication to Lower Chesapeake Bay Fish Consumers." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616916.

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Mercury concentrations and determinants of mercury accumulation were examined for ten finfish species from the lower Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. None of the sampled fish had total mercury concentrations approaching the U.S. EPA human health screening value. Mercury concentrations in different fish species generally increased with increasing delta 15N, but not delta 13C, suggesting that trophic position, but not dietary carbon source was a dominant determinant. A methylmercury biomagnification model was built to estimate a food web magnification factor of approximately 10-fold increase

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Marty, James. "Revegetation of Bulrushes Bolboschoenus Maritimus, Schoenoplectus Acutus, and S. Americanus in Great Salt Lake Wetlands: Seed Biology and Influence of Environmental Factors on Rhizomes." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5066.

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A primary goal of ecological restoration is to establish desirable plant species. This goal is particularly important following the removal of invasive plants. Understanding biological traits of plant species important to revegetation is crucial to plant establishment. In the globally important Great Salt Lake (GSL) wetlands, native habitat-forming bulrushes Bolboschoenus maritimus, Schoenoplectus acutus, and S. americanus are frequently displaced by the invasive grass Phragmites australis. Successful revegetation of bulrushes relies on improving our understanding of seed dormancy break, seed

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Demko, Jacqueline Ann. "Land Use, Stream Stability, and Benthic Invertebrates in a Dry Forest Watershed of Western Costa Rica." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6648.

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There is a paucity of data on dry forests, the most threatened biome in the tropics. The Nandamojo is a tropical dry forest watershed in Western Costa Rica that has been impacted by varying degrees of human induced modifications. This research was conducted to examine the influence of land use and channel characteristics on invertebrate communities within a sub basin of the Nandamojo watershed. This study addressed three hypotheses: (1) sites with low tree cover and small riparian buffer zones will have high erosion, (2) macroinvertebrate abundance will be lower at sites with low channel stabi

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Nicholson, Charles C. "No Farm Is An Island: Pollinators And Pollination In Agricultural Landscapes." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/985.

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Productive, resilient and sustainable agricultural systems are required to meet the immediate needs of a burgeoning human population, while avoiding ecosystem collapse. Agriculture provides food, fiber, fuels and other products for our current population of 7 billion and is still the major livelihood for 40% of people worldwide. By replacing natural habitat and employing chemical inputs, agriculture also negatively impacts biodiversity and impairs the provision of ecosystem services. This poses a challenge for agriculture as these impacted services are often those required for high yielding an

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Martinossi-Allibert, Ivain. "Sexual Selection and Adaptation to Novel Environments." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-332119.

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The work included in this thesis aims at exploring the environmental sensitivity of benefits and costs of sexual selection through a combined empirical and theoretical effort, to increase our understanding of the impact of environmental change on sexually reproducing populations.Can sexual selection promote adaptation to novel environments? Sexual selection for good genes should accelerate adaptation by granting higher reproductive success to individuals of high genetic quality. However, sexual conflict is a frequent outcome of sexual reproduction and may often be detrimental to population fit

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Fletcher, Kevin. "Causes and consequences of life-history variation : The effects of parasites, glucocorticoids, and environmental conditions in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-330848.

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Life-history is the study of all the different stages of life that affect reproductive success and survival between the birth and death of an organism. The reproductive output of an organism is constrained by many things including time, resource, disease agents and environmental conditions. In addition, lineage-specific traits and the limitations of the physiological systems can limit how an organism responds to ecological processes, and thus constrains the variation of life histories represented in nature. Central to the theory of life history are the trade-offs that organisms make during the

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Panting, Brett R. "Influence of Environmental Variables on Survival Rates of Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) Neonates Across Idaho." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7410.

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This study was completed to better understand pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) populations found throughout Idaho. Antelope were studied in three separate and distinct study areas. The Big Desert, Camas Prairie, and Little Lost and Pahsimeroi valleys were all selected as study sites. Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) is concerned with current pronghorn populations found throughout Idaho. Pronghorn are a valued big game species found in Idaho. Increasing pronghorn populations in Idaho is a focus of IDFG. We captured and VHF-collared pronghorn fawns found in our three study area

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Juice, Stephanie. "The Environmental Microbiome In A Changing World: Microbial Processes And Biogeochemistry." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2020. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1181.

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Climate change can alter ecosystem processes and organismal phenology through both long-term, gradual changes and alteration of disturbance regimes. Because microbes mediate decomposition, and therefore the initial stages of nutrient cycling, soil biogeochemical responses to climate change will be driven by microbial responses to changes in temperature, precipitation, and pulsed climatic events. Improving projections of soil ecological and biogeochemical responses to climate change effects therefore requires greater knowledge of microbial contributions to decomposition. This dissertation exami

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Brault, Emily K. "Evaluating Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Mercury in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) Food Web, with a Focus on Antarctic Fur Seals (Arctocephalus gazella)." W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617927.

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Larsen, Elise Anne. "Effects of Urban Development on Breeding Bird Diversity: The Role of Diet and Migration." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626872.

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Cruz, Rodriguez Luis A. "Heat shock protein (HSP70) response in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, exposed to various contaminants (PAHs, PCBs and cadmium)." W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616623.

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The stress protein response has been proposed as a general indicator of exposure to stress as their expression might integrate overall biological impact and interactions among multiple stressors. as a marker of contaminant effects, a major advantage is the premise of higher sensitivity over other indices such as condition index, scope for growth and survival. Laboratory exposure to suspended field contaminated sediments (SFCS) elicited a stress protein response (HSP70) in the eastern oyster, ( Crassostrea virginica). The stress response probably resulted from the combined effect of various con

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Parker, Scott Landsborough. "Thermal and reproductive biology of the lizards sceloporus occidentalis and sceloporus graciosus along an environmental and geographical gradient." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2010.

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The thermal environment exerts a strong influence on many aspectsof squamate life history. Environmental temperatures constrain daily activity time, fecundity, growth rate, and also influences hatchling phenotype. Cold nest temperatures can slow the development of eggs deposited in the soil, cause developmental abnormalities or result in mortality of embryos.

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Niner, Megan. "Evolutionary Patterns and Occurrences of the fish Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus in the Laurentian Great Lakes." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1562773667953686.

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Culotta, Austin M. "A Change in Grain? Diet Induced Plasticity in the Generalist Grasshopper Melanoplus differentialis." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2551.

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Phenotypic plasticity is favored in heterogeneous environments in which alternative phenotypes can exploit alternative resources. However, it’s not clear whether phenotypic plasticity is useful in environments that become more homogenous over an organism’s life cycle. I studied a population of grasshopper Melanoplus differentialis that experiences high resource diversity as nymphs but low resource diversity as adults to determine if individuals can undergo diet-induced morphological plasticity in head shape to increase biting ability and ingestion of hard diets. Insects on a soft diet were lar

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Hoeweler, Gwyneth Rhiannon. "An Internship Report for the Institute of Environmental Science Global Vision International and Imago Earth Center." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1228922490.

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