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Journal articles on the topic 'Center of gravity position'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 May 2022

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1

Zhao, Xin Tong, H. Z. Jiang, S. T. Zheng, and Jun Wei Han. "Precision Gravity Center Position Measurement System for Heavy Vehicles." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.788.

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Knowledge of a vehicle’s inertial parameters is essential for safety research and accident reconstruction. A precision measure system is proposed to determine the weight and gravity center for heavy vehicles. Based on a static gravity measuring principle with three measuring points, a hydraulically driven 2-DOF motion platform is developed. The transfer function model is derived for the hydraulically driven system. By means of a degree-of-freedom control scheme, the platform can realize accurate positioning to construct two intersected planes and work out the three-dimensional coordinates of the vehicle gravity center. Experiments demonstrate that the system has less than 0.3% measurement error in weight, and is able to measure the gravity centre accurately with deviation ≤3mm in X and Y direction, and ≤5mm in Z direction.

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2

Lynch, Thomas B., Harry V. Wiant Jr., and David W. Patterson. "Comparison of log volume estimates using formulae for log center of gravity and center of volume." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-018.

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Formulae for estimating log center of gravity for logs of uniform density are presented that are based on frusta of simple solids of revolution. The center of gravity position for logs shaped as cones, paraboloids, paracones, neiloids, and logs having intermediate shapes can be estimated by using these formulae. A comparison of log volume estimates was made using the center of gravity and the center of volume locations as interlog positions for diameter measurements. The center of volume was found to be better than the center of gravity for log volume estimation. However, formulae for log center of gravity should be useful for engineering applications with logs of uniform density.

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3

Tsukanov, Ruslan U., and Victor I. Ryabkov. "ОЦІНКА ВПЛИВУ ЦЕНТРУВАННЯ НА АЕРОДИНАМІЧНУ ЯКІСТЬ, ПОЛЯРУ І ДАЛЬНІСТЬ ПОЛЬОТУ ЛІТАКА." Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, no. 93 (November 19, 2021): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2021.93.08.

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The method of transport category airplane flight range estimation taking into account its center-of-gravity position variation in the process of fuel utilization at cruising flight mode is presented. The method structure includes the following models:– Interinfluence of main parameters on each other in the process of fuel utilization;– Estimation of CG position influence on lift-to-drag ratio in cruising mode;– Quantitative estimation of center-of-gravity position variation influence on airplane flight range.Simulation of the main parameters is based on authoring researches, establishing interinfluence among geometrical and aerodynamic parameters of wing, parameters of horizontal tail and center-of-gravity position variation caused by fuel utilization in cruise flight. Such model allows estimating airplane center-of-gravity influence on their values and relative position.Aerodynamic parameters variation caused by center-of-gravity shift resulted in necessity to take the influence into account, for required engine thrust variation; that is shown in the publication in the form of dependences allowing to take into account the required thrust variation and their influence on range variation.On the base of interinfluence model and taking into account required thrust variation (with center-of-gravity position shift), lift-to-drag variation has been obtained and analyzed in the form of dependences , for middle airplane of transport category.Expression for estimation of airplane flight range under variable values of its mass and center-of-gravity position is obtained on the base of these models; that allows to increase flight range by means of center-of-gravity position dedicated shift.On the example of mid-range transport airplane, it is shown, that at Mach number and center-of-gravity shift back from to , the increase of flight range makes .On the base of presented models, it is shown, that airplane center-of-gravity position influences lift-to-drag ratio, fuel efficiency and as a result on flight range at cruising flight mode.Application of aft center-of-gravity position allows to decrease engine required thrust (and to decrease fuel consumption), and increase lift-to-drag ratio and airplane flight range.

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4

Tsukanov, R., V. Ryabkov, and O. Los. "ВПЛИВ ЗМІНИ ЦЕНТРУВАННЯ НА ДАЛЬНІСТЬ ПОЛЬОТУ ЛІТАКА ТРАНСПОРТНОЇ КАТЕГОРІЇ." Open Information and Computer Integrated Technologies, no. 88 (November 6, 2020): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/oikit.2020.88.01.

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The method of transport category airplane flight range estimation taking into account its center-of-gravity position variation in the process of fuel utilization at cruising flight mode is presented. The method structure includes the following models:– Interinfluence of main parameters on each other in the process of fuel utilization;– CG position influence on required thrust values in level flight;– Estimation of CG position influence on lift-to-drag ratio in cruise mode;– Quantitative estimation of center-of-gravity position variation influence on airplane flight range.Simulation of the main parameters is based on authoring researches, which established interinfluence among geometrical and aerodynamic parameters of wing, parameters of horizontal tail and center-of-gravity position variation caused by fuel utilization in cruise flight. Such model allows estimating of airplane center-of-gravity influence their values and their relative position.Aerodynamic parameters variation caused by center-of-gravity shift resulted in necessity to take this influence into account, for required engine thrust variation; that is shown in the publication in the form of dependences P(M, m, xCG) allowing to take into account the required thrust variation and their influence to range variation.On the base of interinfluence model and taking into account required thrust variation (when center-of-gravity position shifts), lift-to-drag variation has been obtained and analyzed in the form of dependences K, KM(M, m, xCG) for middle airplane of transport category.Expression for estimation of airplane flight range under variable values of its mass and center-of-gravity position is obtained on the base of these models; that allows flight range increasing by means of center-of-gravity position dedicated shift.On the example of mid-range transport airplane, it is shown, that at Mach number M = 0.7 and center-of-gravity shift back from xCG = 0.20 to xCG = 0.35, the increase of lift-to-drag ratio makes ΔK = 0.43.On the base of presented models, it is shown, that airplane center-of-gravity position influences lift-to-drag ratio, fuel efficiency and as a result on flight range at cruising flight mode.Application of aft center-of-gravity position allows decreasing of engine required thrust (decreasing fuel consumption), and increasing of lift-to-drag ratio and airplane flight range.

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5

Tsukanov, Ruslan, and Viktor Riabkov. "Transport category airplane flight range calculation accounting center-of-gravity position shift and engine throttling characteristics." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 5 (October 6, 2021): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2021.5.01.

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A problem facing world commercial aviation is a provision of the flight range and an increase in the fuel efficiency of transport category airplanes using fuel trim transfer application, which allows for decreasing airplane trim drag at cruise flight. In the existing mathematical models, center-of-gravity position is usually assumed fixed, but with fuel usage, center-of-gravity shifts within the definite range of center-of-gravity positions. Until the fuel trim transfer was not used in airplanes, the center-of-gravity shift range was rather short, that allowed to use the specified assumption without any considerable mistakes. In case of fuel trim transfer use, center-of-gravity shifts can reach 15…20 % of mean aerodynamic chord, that requires considering the center-of-gravity actual position during the flight range calculation. Early made estimated calculations showed the necessity of following mathematical model improvement using accounting the real engine throttling characteristics. The goal of this publication is to develop a method of flight range calculation taking transport category airplane into account actual center-of-gravity position with fuel using and variation in engine-specific fuel consumption according to their throttling characteristics. On the basis of real data from engine maintenance manuals, formulas are obtained for approximation throttling characteristics of turbofan engines in the form of dimensionless specific fuel consumption (related to the specific fuel consumption at full thrust) dependence on the engine throttling coefficient. A mathematical model (algorithm and its program implementation using С language in Power Unit 11.7 R03 system) has been developed to calculate the airplane flight range accounting its actual center-of-gravity position shift with fuel usage and variation in specific fuel consumption according to engine throttling characteristics. Using comparison with known payload-range diagram, adequacy of developed mathematical model is shown. Recommendations to improve the mathematical model are also given.

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6

Sieh, Koon-Man, Yue-Yan Chan, Po-Yan Ho, and Kwai-Yau Fung. "What is the best lateral radiograph positioning technique for assessment of sagittal balance: A biomechanical study on influence of different arm positions." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 230949901877093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499018770932.

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Purpose: To evaluate the influence of different arm postures from the physiological standing position using force plate analysis of the gravity line. Methods: Forty healthy volunteered university students were enrolled. Each subject assumed different standing positions including standing with arms resting on the side (control), with fist over the clavicle (clavicular position), with active shoulder flexion in 30°, 60° and 90° with elbows extended (active flexion A), with hand rest on a bar with a static support (passive flexion P), and with hand rest on a bar with a drip stand (passive flexion D). The offset of the gravity line from the heel was measured by force plate analysis. The offset of the gravity line in different arm positions was compared with the control using paired t-test. Results: The mean anterior offset of the gravity line in control position is 39.80% of the foot length. All testing positions showed anterior shift of the gravity line compared with the control position from 0.51% to 7.50%. There were statistically significant changes of the gravity line from the control position in all ( p < 0.05), except in the clavicular position ( p = 0.249). Conclusion: All testing positions cause anterior shifting of the center of gravity from the physiological standing position. Clavicular position is the best comparable posture to the physiological standing position in taking a lateral radiograph. We recommend using the clavicular position as the standard testing position in the assessment of the sagittal profile.

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7

Wieczorek, Bartosz, Mateusz Kukla, and Łukasz Warguła. "The Symmetric Nature of the Position Distribution of the Human Body Center of Gravity during Propelling Manual Wheelchairs with Innovative Propulsion Systems." Symmetry 13, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13010154.

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Objective: The main objective of the tests conducted was to analyze the position variability of the human body’s center of gravity during propelling the wheelchair, and to demonstrate the properties enabling the description of this variability by means of plane figures with a symmetry axis. A secondary objective was to show the impact of the used manual propulsion type and the wheelchair inclination angle in relation to the plane on the dimensions of the position variability areas of the center of gravity. Method and materials: Three patients participated in the research representing 50 centiles of anthropometric dimensions. Each patient carried out fifteen measurement tests on three wheelchairs for three inclination angles of the wheelchair frame in relation to the level. Each measurement test consisted of five propulsion cycles for which the positions of the center of gravity were determined with the sampling frequency of 100 Hz. The measured positions of the center of gravity were approximated with ellipses containing 95.4% of the measurements conducted, assuming their dimension scaling basis in the form of the double value of standard deviation defined based on the registered results. Results: Based on the measurements conducted, the average values of five ellipses parameters were determined for nine cases in which a variable was the type of wheelchair propulsion and its inclination angle in relation to the level. The area of the highest variability of the position of the center of gravity was measured for the wheelchair with a multispeed transmission. The average dimensions of the ellipse semi-axis amounted to 108.53 mm for the semi-axis a and 29.75 for the semi-axis b, the average position of the ellipse center amounted to x = 114.51 mm and y = −10.53 mm, and the average inclination angle of the ellipse α amounted to −6.92°. The area of the lowest variability of the position of the center of gravity was measured for the wheelchair with a hybrid transmission. In this case, the average dimensions of the ellipse semi-axis amounted to 64.07 mm for the semi-axis a and 33.85 for the semi-axis b; whereas, the average position of the ellipse center amounted to x = 245.13 mm and y = −28.24 mm, and the average inclination angle of the ellipse α amounted to −0.56°.

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8

Li, Fang. "Design of Measurement System of the Center of Gravity." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.733.

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It is very difficult to confirm the position of the center of gravity irregular object.This paper introduces a new system,which can be used in measuring and adjusting of the center of gravity.The irregular object was put on the support parts,then the center of gravity was given.When the actual position was compared with the ideal position,the difference was given. Until actual position and ideal position were coincided,the machining was continuing. Matlab was programmed in this measure system. It will be applied widely in the future.

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9

Zhang, Jun. "Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation and Signal Processing Method of Moving Objects in the Change of Gravity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.493.

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Based on the three-dimensional rotating coordinate mathematical model, this paper has established the mathematical equations for the principal moments of inertia, the centroid position and the center of gravity position. In order to validate the validity and reliability of this mathematical equation model, the paper designs the three-dimensional virtual simulation system of changes in the center of gravity during the process of computer tennis player. And it analyzes the performance of this system through the prediction of the center of gravity position of athletes. Through the computer GMM technology, we carry out the probability and statistics for the boundary of gravity position path and have obtained the GMM gravity statistical plane distribution map and three-dimensional distribution map. According to the distribution map, we obtain the change table of the gravity and the centroid position. It has been introduced to guide the movement training of tennis players, which has provided technical reference for tennis players training.

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10

Hsu, Ming Ying, W. C. Lin, Chia Yen Chan, C. F. Ho, S. T. Chang, and Ting Ming Huang. "The Telescope Primary Mirror Isostatic Mount Bonding Position Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2812–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2812.

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The telescope primary mirror Isostatic Mount (ISM) design is an important issue for optical performance. The ISM bonding position will affect the telescope performance. The primary mirror reflection surface is parallel with gravity force during telescope alignment process. Thus, the distance between ISM geometry center and primary mirror center of gravity will lead mirror surface deformation. The ISM mounting mainly aberration is astigmatism at mirror surface. This study is applied Finite Element (FEM) simulate mirror surface deformation and using Zernike polynomial fitting the mirror surface aberration. The simulation result show the ISM bonding at mirror neutral plane the aberration will minimum at 1G gravity. The ISM bonding position errors also affect aberration distribution.

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11

FUKUDA, Sohei, Junya OGAWA, Yosimasa ONO, Hiroya SIRANE, and Kazuto MIYAWAKI. "Evaluation of the center of gravity position in the batting." Proceedings of Autumn Conference of Tohoku Branch 2016.52 (2016): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetohoku.2016.52.401.

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12

Poladyan, Harutyun, Oleksandr Bubon, Aram Teymurazyan, Sergii Senchurov, and Alla Reznik. "Gaussian position-weighted center of gravity algorithm for multiplexed readout." Physics in Medicine & Biology 65, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 165003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ab9357.

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13

Kurematsu, Yasuo, and Shinzo Kitamura. "Trajectory Generation of a Biped Locomotive Robot." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 2, no. 4 (August 20, 1990): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1990.p0294.

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This paper studies the trajectory planning of a biped locomotive robot from the following standpoints. * Only the position and velocity of the center of gravity of robot in the forward direction for each step are given a priori. * It is supposed that the center of gravity of the robot moves like an inverted pendulum. * The neural network of Hopfield's type solves the inverse kinematics so as to obtain the joint positions in the world coordinate from the positions of the supporting toes and of the center of gravity calculated from the equation of inverted pendulum. * The method was examined by simulation studies. They showed satisfactory results in stationary walking and also the robustness for impulsive disturbances. The proposed method therefore provides a simplified version for the autonomous trajectory planning.

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14

SAGOU, Yukinori, Ryosuke TASAKI, Yoshiyuki NODA, Kiyoaki KAKIHARA, and Kazuhiko TERASHIMA. "203 Development of gravity center position control system of parallel two-wheel vehicle with lower gravity center including passenger." Proceedings of the Symposium on sports and human dynamics 2012 (2012): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeshd.2012.191.

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15

Takano, Takayuki, and Koichi Ogawa. "Analysis of the center of gravity for standing from sitting position." Japanese journal of ergonomics 35, no. 1Supplement (1999): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.35.1supplement_105.

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16

Takano, Takayuki, and Koichi Ogawa. "Analysis of the center of gravity for standing from sitting position." Japanese journal of ergonomics 35 (1999): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.35.2supplement_390.

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17

Tsuneta, Ruriko, Kuniyasu Nakamura, and Hiroshi Kakibayashi. "Position Alignment in Algebraic Reconstruction Method by Using Center of Gravity." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 37, Part 1, No. 3A (March 15, 1998): 1006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.37.1006.

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18

Al-Rawashdeh, Yazan, Moustafa Elshafei, and Mohammad Al-Malki. "In-Flight Estimation of Center of Gravity Position Using All-Accelerometers." Sensors 14, no. 9 (September 19, 2014): 17567–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s140917567.

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19

Kamanin, Y. N., M. I. Zhukov, A. V. Panichkin, and R. A. Redelin. "Modeling of load lifting process with unknown center of gravity position." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 327 (March 2018): 022054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/327/2/022054.

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20

OKAMOTO, Nobuyoshi, Taishi TOKUNAGA, and Masato MAEDA. "Effects of Position of Center of Gravity on Impact Position of Bat in Baseball Batting." Proceedings of the Symposium on sports and human dynamics 2016 (2016): C—3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeshd.2016.c-3.

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21

Guan, Xiao Yong, Wei Zhang, and Zhi Xiang Xu. "An Approach for Application of Drive at Center of Gravity in a Vertical Machining Center." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.974.

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Drive at Center of Gravity (DCG) Feed Principle plays an important role in suppressing the vibration and improving machining stability. But its application is very difficult while the position of gravity center changes constantly. In this paper, it is clarified that twin drive system is not exclusively optimum for solving the application of DCG, and that the choice of driving force direction is critical for reducing the vibration. Combining the method of counter balance, single drive system is proved to be valuable supplement for the design rules based on DCG. These rules are proved to be reasonable by accuracy evaluation for a die and mould machining center.

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22

Ivanov, A. V., and S. A. Zommer. "Analysis of the umbrella-type reflector opening process on a stand with an active gravity compensation system." Spacecrafts & Technologies 5, no. 4 (December 24, 2021): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26732/j.st.2021.4.04.

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During the verification of the functioning of the transformed structures in ground conditions, it is necessary to minimize the effect of gravity in order to exclude the occurrence of additional loads on the hinge assemblies and opening mechanisms. To perform this task, when testing a transformable umbrella-type reflector, stands with an active gravity compensation system are used, in which the gravity compensation force is applied to each spoke of the reflector. However, when compensating for the gravity spokes of the reflector, the fixing point of the suspension cable does not coincide with the center of mass of the spoke, which leads to the appearance of additional moments of forces acting on the suspended structure. Therefore, as an object of research, a part of the reflector was considered, consisting of a spoke, with cords of a formforming structure attached to it and a mesh. A 3D model has been developed, using which the positions of the center of mass of the structure under consideration were determined in the key phases of the reflector opening. A computational analysis of the driving forces and moments acting on the structure in the process of disclosure is carried out. The degree of influence of the suspension point position on the inaccuracy of gravity compensation has been established. The results of the analysis presented in the article can be used as initial data for the development of an algorithm for the operation of an active gravity compensation system, which will be able to take into account the position of the suspension point and the center of mass of the structure relative to the axis of rotation of the spoke during the opening of the reflector, by changing the gravity compensation force.

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23

Landi, Gregorio. "Properties of the center of gravity as an algorithm for position measurements." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 485, no. 3 (June 2002): 698–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)02071-x.

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24

Zang, Huaiquan, Tielong Shen, Yasuhiko Mutoh, and Katsutoshi Tamura. "Robust Stabilization of Inverted Pendulum with Uncertain Position of the Gravity Center." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 60, no. 575 (1994): 2305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.60.2305.

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25

Nagai, Hiroto, Kazutaka Nakamura, Koki Fujita, Issei Tanaka, Shuji Nagasaki, Yutaka Kinjo, Shintaro Kuwazono, and Masahiko Murozono. "Development of Tailless Two-winged Flapping Drone with Gravity Center Position Control." Sensors and Materials 33, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.18494/sam.2021.3222.

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26

Yao, Pi Rong. "Visual Center of Gravity and Ratio of the Split Screen." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 4747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.4747.

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the Divine Proportion has a dominant position in the picture composition; however, the picture perfect dichotomy screen out by its reasoning can not solve the massive distribution. In traditional quickly composition, due to the impact of 4:3 TV format, people are accustomed to the screen is divided into nine cells, because they are used by equipment manufacturers to provide the average split-screen "Well-shaped" dividing line; With the prevalence of 16:9 high-definition TV and panoramic photography, photography cameraman shooting 16:9, this average segmentation approaches have failed to provide the composition with the help of. If you are still using the Divine Proportion different screen geometry segmentation, we can draw a dividing line position proportion that is consistent with the Divine Proportion in line with the physiological visual center of gravity of the human eye: 28:44:28; The new segmentation photography cameraman will provide a more convenient and quick reference picture composition.

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27

Yanagii, Yuji, Kenichiro Nonaka, and Kazuma Sekiguchi. "Optimization of Wheel Position for the Leg/Wheel Robots using Model Predictive Control considering Supporting Area and Center of Gravity." Abstracts of the international conference on advanced mechatronics : toward evolutionary fusion of IT and mechatronics : ICAM 2015.6 (2015): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicam.2015.6.76.

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28

Dechjarern, Surangsee, and Piyapat Chuchuay. "Parametric Study of Influence of Assembly and Design on the Center of Gravity of Public Buses." Applied Mechanics and Materials 835 (May 2016): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.609.

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The bus is a vehicle for transport the passenger to the destination safely. The bus manufacturing is produced directly from the company and the bus has been modifying from the bus garage. The Bus modify into popular use in the domestic because it is cheaper. The modified bus is also a safety issue because these vehicles to the tilted test 30 degrees most of the test is not passed. The center of gravity is influenced to the stability of the bus. Which the Company or modify bus garage can not know the position of the center of gravity in advance. When the bus is used to build a center of gravity located in improper placement. Hence, the test does not pass 30 degrees tilt.Which required costs to adjustment and test again. This paper was intended to study the variables that affect the center of gravity of the bus include engine placement, adjustment pressure into air suspension before build bus body, bending chassis, characterized by mounting to the chassis frame. Studies using instruments find the center of gravity of the bus used computer simulation center of gravity nearby real bus. The variable adjustment in order to design a bus with the appropriate center of gravity. Research has found that different variables adjustment engine placement characterized by mounting to the chassis frame have an affect to bending chassis relate to the center of gravity change, Therefore, the variables to be optimized, it is possible to design a bus safety.

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Zhou, Zeyang, Jun Huang, Mingxu Yi, and Guo Zhong. "Optimization Plug Mode of External Fuel and Weapons for Less Changing Aircraft Center of Gravity." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1409829.

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To achieve the minimum change of aircraft center of gravity, plug mode optimization was carried out. Plug mode, including weight and position of external fuel and weapon load, was selected as design mode. Numerical model for calculating aircraft center of gravity was established and used to generate mode samples. Random search algorithm (RSA) was designed and applied for solving the optimization plug mode, and the precise solution of plug mode was determined by full array method (FAM). Compared with typical plug mode, the optimization mode can reach a minimum change in aircraft center of gravity with fewer samples than the solution by FAM. RSA coupled with FAM is an effective scheme for the optimization of aircraft plug mode.

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30

Maeda, Masato. "Effects of baseball bat mass and position of center of gravity on batting." Procedia Engineering 2, no. 2 (June 2010): 2675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.050.

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31

Blinov, I. A. "Method for determining the spatial position of the center of gravity of machines." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2019-2-71-82.

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Having analyzed traditional methods for determining the coordinates of the center of gravity of machines, we developed a three-coordinate method using the simplest and most affordable means of hanging products with a crane beam. The method differs from analogues in the minimum number of weighings when there are no force-measuring means as a component of the measuring circuit. We introduce a mathematical model, which is the core of the method, and a computer model which minimizes the complexity of mathematical processing of measurement results

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32

Iosilevskii, Gil. "Longitudinal Stability Criteria for a Propeller-Driven Aircraft." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/762329.

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The Routh criterion is used to assess longitudinal dynamic stability of a propeller-driven aircraft. Under a few plausible assumptions on possible ranges of the pertinent stability derivatives, it reduces to a pair of simple conditions imposing a traditional aft limit (the forward of the maneuver and the neutral-speed-stability points) on the center-of-gravity position and an upper limit on the longitudinal moment of inertia. It is demonstrated that most aircraft have sufficiently small inertia to remain stable as long as their center-of-gravity is properly placed. At the same time, sailplane-like aircraft (as, e.g., long endurance UAVs), with an engine installed at the rear extremity of the aircraft, may have sufficiently high inertia to become unstable regardless of their center-of-gravity placement.

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33

Lu, Hong, Wei Fan, Xinbao Zhang, Yongquan Zhang, Shaojun Wang, and Meng Duan. "Dynamic Characteristics Analysis and Test of Dual-Driving Feed System Driven by Center of Gravity." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9490826.

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Dual-driving feed system (DDFS) driven by center of gravity (DCG) has been widely used in advanced manufacturing machine for its high rigidity and precision. However, the DCG technology requires that the joint force coincides with the center of gravity of the sliding stage. The dual-driving synchronization and tracking performance will be affected by the change of center of gravity of the sliding stage. Therefore, this paper proposes dynamic characteristics modeling, identification, and control scheme for DDFS driven by center of gravity (DCG). Firstly, a redundancy dynamic model including rotation and pitch vibration caused by the change of the position of center of gravity is presented for DDFS DCG based on the Lagrange method. The model parameters are identified by system identification experiment, and the predictive natural frequencies and vibration modes by the proposed dynamic model are compared by modal experiment. Moreover, the dynamic model-based cross-coupled sliding mode control (CCSMC) is proposed for DDFS DCG. Then, the proposed dynamic model-based CCSMC has been compared with normal cross-coupled sliding mode control (NCCSMC). Both the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed dynamic characteristics analysis and test scheme of DDFS DCG are validated effectively by comparisons.

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Xi, Jian Hui, and Shan Chao Zuo. "An Improved Algorithm Based on Incremental Insertion in Delaunay Triangulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1691.

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Target position is a critical step in the process of constructing Delaunay triangulation. This paper establishes an improved incremental insertion method which realizes fast location based on moving center of gravity along the search direction. It is effective to solve unstable searching path problem usually occurring in some special cases, such as the line from target point to current center of gravity passes through a vertex of a triangle or coincides with a triangle edge. Simulation results show that there exists only location path using this method and the constructing efficiency is increased.

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Tuta-Navajas, Gilmar, and Eric Lanteigne. "Multi-body modelling and adaptive control of a re-configurable uninhabited airship." Drone Systems and Applications 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/dsa-2021-0017.

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This paper presents pitch control of an uninhabited airship using changes in center of gravity. Changes in center of gravity are achieved by controlling the position of a movable gondola along a rigid keel fixed to the bow of the helium envelope. The longitudinal multi-body dynamic equations of motion were developed using the measured and estimated physical properties and an adaptive PID controller was designed to control the pitch angle. Flight tests on a 4 m long uninhabited airship prototype were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

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Wang, Chensheng, Fang Su, Yanqin Zhao, Hongda Liu, Yonghao Guo, and Wentie Niu. "A rapid performance evaluation approach for lower mobility hybrid robot based on gravity-center position." Science Progress 103, no. 2 (April 2020): 003685042092713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420927135.

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This article develops a rapid performance evaluation approach for lower mobility hybrid robot, which provides guidance for manipulator evaluation, design, and optimization. First, a general position vector model of gravity center for the lower mobility hybrid robot in the whole workspace is constructed based on a general inverse kinematic model. A performance evaluation index based on gravity-center position is then proposed, where the coordinates pointing to the supporting direction are selected as the evaluation index of the robot performance. Furthermore, the credibility of the evaluation approach is verified from a 5-DOF hybrid robot (TriMule) by comparing with the condition number and the first natural frequency. Analysis results demonstrate that the evaluation index can not only reflect the performance spatial distribution in the whole workspace but also is sensitive to the performance difference caused by mass distribution. The proposed performance evaluation approach provides a new index for the rapid design and optimization of the cantilever robot.

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Kanoh, Yuji, Masanori Takemura, Koji Kurita, Tetsuya Nakao, Mitsuharu Kaya, and Junzo Tsujita. "Affect Of Verbal Instruction To Alter Landing Muscle Activity For Center Of Gravity Position." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 43, Suppl 1 (May 2011): 500–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000401381.61642.47.

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MAEDA, Masato. "A32 Effects of baseball bat mass and position of center of gravity on batting." Proceedings of the Symposium on sports and human dynamics 2010 (2010): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeshd.2010.137.

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Hernawati, Heni. "Analisis Akustik Bunyi Sibilant Bahasa Jepang pada Pembelajar Bahasa Jepang di Indonesia yang Berbahasa Ibu Bahasa Jawa." Chi'e: Journal of Japanese Learning and Teaching 8, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/chie.v8i2.40903.

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Abstract This study aims to analyze the characteristics of Japanese sibilant sound observed from the acoustic analysis. The data of this study were in the form of sound samples from 16 respondents who spoke Javanese in Japanese language learners at the university and 8 Japanese native speakers. The respondents were asked to pronounce vocabulary containing Japanese sibilant sounds at the beginning and middle of a total of 72 words which have meaning. Then, the sample of Indonesian and Japanese respondent's sound was measured using Praat software to find their duration, intensity and Center of Gravity (CoG) of the sibilant sound. The measurement results are carried out an analysis of 2 factors, namely consonant type and sound position, using anova statistics. The duration, intensity and Center of Gravity measurement results show that the two factors (consonant type and sound position) are statistically significant. The distribution of sibilant sound duration is from 68 ms to 144 ms, and the distribution of sibilant sound intensity is from 50 dB to 60 dB. The results of the Center of Gravity (CoG) measurements show that among the learners, the CoG values are in the average range of /s/ = 7 kHz, /z/ = 6 kHz, /ɕ/ = 5 kHz, and /ʑ/ = 4 kHz, while among the native speakers, the CoG values are in the average range of /s/ = 8 kHz, /z/ = 8 kHz, /ɕ/ = 6 kHz, and /ʑ/ = 6 kHz. Key words: (a) acoustic analysis, (b) Japanese sibilant, (c) duration, (d) Center of Gravity (CoG)

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Li, Linfeng, and Xiao-Jing Jia. "Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Cerebrovascular and Algorithm Realization." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (November 24, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7422884.

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Objective. In the three-dimensional reconstruction of CT cerebrovascular medical image registration, a new optimization algorithm based on the relative position information between the contours of various blood vessels in the image is proposed. Methods. Using the rule that the center of gravity of the vascular tissue structure on the series of slices has continuity, find the registration relationship between the contours of the vessels in the two adjacent slices. Because the shape of cerebrovascular contour is relatively symmetrical, its center of gravity is slightly away from its geometric center. Therefore, the geometric center is used to replace the center of gravity, and the “mass” of each contour is calculated according to the area of each contour to achieve the registration of the blood vessel contour. Results. The method has the characteristics of global optimization and stronger robustness. Conclusion. The cerebrovascular image obtained by this method is more realistic and can be used for the import of various software, simulation training, and later research, which provides an effective method for preoperative simulation of cerebrovascular intervention surgery.

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KOBAYASHI, Yusuke, Toshiki MASUDA, and Ken SATO. "Study on the position of center of gravity and position of suspension for mobile platform (T type robot base)." Proceedings of the Conference on Information, Intelligence and Precision Equipment : IIP 2019 (2019): P07. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeiip.2019.p07.

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O’Connell, Robert F. "Rotation and Spin and Position Operators in Relativistic Gravity and Quantum Electrodynamics." Universe 6, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6020024.

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First, we examine how spin is treated in special relativity and the necessity of introducing spin supplementary conditions (SSC) and how they are related to the choice of a center-of-mass of a spinning particle. Next, we discuss quantum electrodynamics and the Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation which we note is a position operator identical to the Pryce–Newton–Wigner position operator. The classical version of the operators are shown to be essential for the treatment of classical relativistic particles in general relativity, of special interest being the case of binary systems (black holes/neutron stars) which emit gravitational radiation.

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Medeiros, Walter E., and João B. C. Silva. "Gravity source moment inversion: A versatile approach to characterize position and 3-D orientation of anomalous bodies." GEOPHYSICS 60, no. 5 (September 1995): 1342–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443870.

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We present a 3-D gravity interpretation method based on the inversion of source moments employing the series derived from the gravity anomaly expansion in multipoles and retaining moments up to second order only. It presents the advantages of being essentially linear and allowing a straightforward computer implementation. The method requires neither an explicit assumption about the source geometry nor a priori knowledge about the density contrast distribution, which may even be nonuniform. The method assumes implicitly: (1) that the source fits in the interior of an imaginary sphere whose center coincides with the source center of mass and whose radius is smaller than the depth to the source center of mass relative to the measuring plane, and (2) that the spatial density distribution presents three ortogonal planes of symmetry intersecting at the source center of mass. The first assumption can be met by upward continuing the observed anomaly. When both assumptions are met, the method produces reliable and stable estimates of the total anomalous mass, the coordinates of the center of mass, the three principal axes directions of the anomalous body, and the relative importance among the axes. The method is particularly suited for interpreting compact, isolated or disjoint, but spatially correlated sources. The method is sensitive to an incomplete removal of the regional field (presumably superimposed on the residual anomaly of interest) because the unremoved part of the regional field may strongly affect the estimates of the residual source moments.

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Krasnow, Donna, M. Virginia Wilmerding, Shane Stecyk, Matthew Wyon, and Yiannis Koutedakis. "Examination of Weight Transfer Strategies During the Execution of Grand Battement Devant at the Barre, in the Center, and Traveling." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2012.2015.

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The purpose of this study was to examine grand battement devant at the barre, in the center, and traveling through space. The primary focus was to consider weight transfer in three conditions: from two feet to one foot for the barre and center conditions, and from one foot to the other foot in traveling. Forty female dancers volunteered (mean age 30.0 ± 13.0 yrs) and were placed in three groups: beginner (n = 12), intermediate (n = 14), and advanced (n = 14). Data were collected with a 7-camera Vicon motion capture system using a Plug-in Gait Full Body Marker set and with two Kistler force plates. Dancers executed five grand battement devant in each of three conditions in randomized order: at the barre in 1st position, in the center in 1st position, and traveling through space. Four variables were investigated: center of gravity of the full trunk, center of gravity of the pelvis, center of gravity of the upper trunk, and center of mass. Data were analyzed in three intervals—stance to battement initiation (STN to GBI), initiation to battement peak (GBI to GBP), and peak to end (GBP to END)—and in the x-axis and y-axis. The main effect condition was significant for all four variables in both x-axis and y-axis (p<0.001). There were no significant differences for training and no significant condition 3 training interactions. Condition was significant for all three intervals (STN to GBI, GBI to GBP, and GBP to END) for all four variables in both axes (p<0.01). Dance educators might consider the importance of allocating sufficient time in dance practice to each of the three conditions—barre, center, and traveling—to ensure development of a variety of motor strategies for weight transfer.

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Sánchez-Alcaraz, Bernardino Javier, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, Salvador Llana, Goran Vučković, Diego Muñoz, Javier Courel-Ibáñez, Alejandro Sánchez-Pay, and Jesús Ramón-Llin. "Ball Impact Position in Recreational Male Padel Players: Implications for Training and Injury Management." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020435.

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Racket sports such as padel are characterized by the repetition of unilateral gestures, which can lead to negative adaptations like asymmetries or overuse musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in ball impact positions (i.e., forward or backward of the center of gravity) in nine stroke types in a sample of forty-eight recreational male padel players. The sample included 14,478 shots corresponding to 18 matches from six tournaments. Forty-eight male padel players were classified into two groups according to their level: trained (n = 24) and novice (n = 24). Type of stroke and ball impact position were registered using a computerized motion tracking video system. The ball impact position was computed from the distance (cm) between the coordinates of the ball and the player’s center of gravity. Results show that trained players hit the ball in a more backward position (from 11 to 25 cm, compared to novice) in serve and offensive strokes (volleys, trays, and smashes) but used more forward strokes (from 7 to 32 cm, compared to novice) in defensive shots (groundstrokes, wall strokes, and lobs). Because the current differential variables are trainable and demonstrated to be of relevance for performance, the findings of this study may assist padel coaches in designing proper training plans to improve effectiveness and to prevent musculoskeletal injuries regarding the type of stroke and ball impact position. Such knowledge may constitute a very important factor affecting technique, biomechanics, and injury management in padel players of different competitive levels.

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46

Sánchez-Alcaraz, Bernardino Javier, Rafael Martínez-Gallego, Salvador Llana, Goran Vučković, Diego Muñoz, Javier Courel-Ibáñez, Alejandro Sánchez-Pay, and Jesús Ramón-Llin. "Ball Impact Position in Recreational Male Padel Players: Implications for Training and Injury Management." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020435.

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Racket sports such as padel are characterized by the repetition of unilateral gestures, which can lead to negative adaptations like asymmetries or overuse musculoskeletal injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in ball impact positions (i.e., forward or backward of the center of gravity) in nine stroke types in a sample of forty-eight recreational male padel players. The sample included 14,478 shots corresponding to 18 matches from six tournaments. Forty-eight male padel players were classified into two groups according to their level: trained (n = 24) and novice (n = 24). Type of stroke and ball impact position were registered using a computerized motion tracking video system. The ball impact position was computed from the distance (cm) between the coordinates of the ball and the player’s center of gravity. Results show that trained players hit the ball in a more backward position (from 11 to 25 cm, compared to novice) in serve and offensive strokes (volleys, trays, and smashes) but used more forward strokes (from 7 to 32 cm, compared to novice) in defensive shots (groundstrokes, wall strokes, and lobs). Because the current differential variables are trainable and demonstrated to be of relevance for performance, the findings of this study may assist padel coaches in designing proper training plans to improve effectiveness and to prevent musculoskeletal injuries regarding the type of stroke and ball impact position. Such knowledge may constitute a very important factor affecting technique, biomechanics, and injury management in padel players of different competitive levels.

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47

Dancila, B. D., R. Botez, and D. Labour. "Fuel burn prediction algorithm for cruise, constant speed and level flight segments." Aeronautical Journal 117, no. 1191 (May 2013): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000008149.

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Abstract This paper presents a new algorithm that predicts the quantity of fuel burned by an aircraft flying at a constant speed and altitude. It considers the continuous fuel burn rate variation with time caused by the gross weight (and centre of gravity position) modification due to the fuel burn process itself. The algorithm was developed for use by the Flight Management System (FMS) and employs the same aircraft performance data as the existing FMS fuel burn prediction algorithms. The new fuel burn method was developed for aircraft models that use the centre of gravity position as well as for models that do not consider the centre of gravity position. This algorithm was developed for normal flight conditions. Algorithm performances were evaluated for two aircraft models: one for models that use an aircraft’s centre of gravity position – a more complex and computing intensive method, and one for those that do not use the centre of gravity position. The validation data were generated based on the information produced on a CMC Electronics – Esterline FMS platform that used identical aircraft models and performance data for identical flight conditions.

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Nandhagopal, N., S. Navaneethan, V. Nivedita, A. Parimala, and Dinesh Valluru. "Human Eye Pupil Detection System for Different IRIS Database Images." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 18, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 1239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2021.9390.

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The pupil detection system plays a vital role in ophthalmology diagnosis equipments because pupil has a center place of human eye to locate the exact position. To identify the exact human eye pupil region in near infrared (NIR) images, this work proposes the Center of gravity method and its real time FPGA hardware implementation. The proposed work involves global threshold method to segment the pupil region from human eye and the bright spot suppression process removes the light reflections on the pupil due to the IR (Infra red) rays then the morphology dilation process removes unnecessary black pixels other than pupil region on the image. Finally, center of gravity (COG) method provides the exact pupil center coordinate and radius of the human eye. CASIA IRIS V4 and UBIRIS iris database images used in this work and achieved 90-95% of recognition rate.

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Massion, Jean, Jean-Claude Fabre, Laurence Mouchnino, and Annie Obadia. "Body Orientation and Regulation of the Center of Gravity During Movement Under Water." Journal of Vestibular Research 5, no. 3 (July 1, 1995): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1995-5305.

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Professional divers were instructed to adopt a vertical posture under water with their feet fixed to the ground and to perform a fast forward or backward upper trunk bending movement in response to a tone. Kinematic and EMG analyses were performed. It was first noted that the divers adopted a forward inclined, erect posture, suggesting that the verticality was misevaluated, although the effects of gravity were still exerted on the otoliths. Second, the upper trunk movements were still accompanied by opposite movements of lower segments and, as a result, the center of gravity displacement was still minimized, although not so accurately as on the ground. The EMG pattern consisting of early activation of a set of trunk, thigh, and shank muscles continued to occur under water. These results suggest that “axial synergies” associated with upper trunk movements are learned motor habits that regulate the center of gravity position regardless of the equilibrium constraints.

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Blaszczyk, Janusz W., Paul D. Hansen, and Deborah L. Lowe. "Postural Sway and Perception of the Upright Stance Stability Borders." Perception 22, no. 11 (November 1993): 1333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p221333.

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Decline in the perception of the borders of postural stability due to increase in sway was evaluated in young and elderly subjects. Ranges of lateral and anteroposterior postural sway were measured in eleven young and eleven elderly subjects during maximum voluntary excursions of center of gravity while leaning forward, backward, left, and right. In both age groups, displacement of the center of gravity out of the reference position resulted in increases in the range of sway in the plane corresponding to the direction of lean. Young subjects who further displaced their center of gravity within the base of support also exhibited significantly elevated anteroposterior sway range while leaning forward and backward, both in eyes-closed and in eyes-open experimental conditions. The elderly subjects, however, showed greater mediolateral oscillation of center of gravity while leaning forward with their eyes open. No significant intergroup differences in the anteroposterior sway range during leans in the mediolateral plane were found. However, a greater mediolateral component of sway range at lateral borders of stability was observed in the young adults. Analysis of signal-to-noise ratios indicated a greater decline in stability control in the elderly, due to impairment of perception of postural stability borders.

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