Journal articles: 'Central American Arts'

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Yundt, Keith W. "The Organization of American States and Legal Protection to Political Refugees in Central America." International Migration Review 23, no. 2 (June 1989): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838902300202.

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Since 1978, massive influxes of asylum seekers have placed great strain upon recipient states in Central America. At the global level, protection and assistance to refugees is entrusted to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). At the regional level, one would expect involvement by the Organization of American States with Central America refugees; either to supplement UNHCR activities or to enforce independent inter-American standards. This article reviews inter-American standards and agencies of concern for asylum seekers and refugees. Special attention is given to the inter-American human rights regime as the mechanism best suited to supplement or complement UNHCR activities in Central America.

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Samet, Elizabeth D. "The Arts of War and Deception." American Literary History 31, no. 3 (2019): 550–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajz029.

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Abstract Three recent books—Benjamin Cooper’s Veteran Americans: Literature and Citizenship from Revolution to Reconstruction (2018), Keith Gandal’s War Isn’t the Only Hell: A New Reading of World War I American Literature (2018), and Jonathan Vincent’s The Health of the State: Modern US War Narrative and the American Political Imagination, 1890–1964 (2017)—invite us to reevaluate the tradition of US war literature. Attempting to rescue it from the misunderstanding and marginalization to which it has been subject over the years, they assess its expression of persistent anxieties about national identity, citizenship, and masculinity. Covering a broad swath of US history, from the Revolutionary period through the Cold War, these books work together to illuminate crucial aspects of the perilous, enduring connection between citizenship and violence. This work is characteristic of a renewed post-9/11 attentiveness on the part of literary and cultural critics to war and its representation. Central to any exploration of the war narratives at the very core of national identity is a recognition of the intimate relation between the arts of war and those of deception.

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Bentin, Sebastián Calderón. "Isthmian Performances: Panama's Festival Internacional de Artes Escénicas." TDR/The Drama Review 53, no. 3 (September 2009): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2009.53.3.156.

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Panama's biennial III Festival Internacional de Artes Escénicas presents contemporary Central American performance, testing its relationship to emerging forms of nongovernmental cultural policy via a continuing integration with broader artistic discourses and production networks in Latin America.

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Wallace, Steven P. "Central American and Mexican Immigrant Characteristics and Economic Incorporation in California." International Migration Review 20, no. 3 (September 1986): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000307.

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Data compiled from the 1980 U.S. Census and other sources are used in this article to demonstrate the distinctiveness of Central American immigration. Comprising a relatively recent and growing immigrant stream, Central Americans are settling in areas where other Hispanic groups are already established. Comparisons between Central American and Mexican immigrants in California reveal substantial differences between the two groups in their age structure, sex ratio, and human capital characteristics. Despite the differences, however, Central American immigrant men earn the same as Mexican immigrant men. This finding can be explained by structural theories of immigrant economic incorporation. Some Central American women are able to convert their human capital advantages over Mexican immigrant women into earnings advantages, as predicted by assimilation theory.

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Ruiz, Jaime, Francois Colbert, and Alessandro Hinna. "Arts and culture management." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 30, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-02-2017-0032.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an overall picture of the five articles included in this issue highlighting their contributions and revealing the importance of academic research for arts and culture management as a nascent topic in the Latin American context. Design/methodology/approach This paper elaborates a critical description of the main aspects of the papers included. The contributions are grouped together around central topics pertaining to arts and culture management such as: audience creation and environment; museums, competition and efficiency; and management skills and entrepreneurship. Findings The contributions of the articles are as diverse as the topics included in them. Some highlight the importance of the context in audience creation processes, others reveal the determinants of the institutional variables in the efficiency of artistic organisations, and a final one, reveals the deconstruction of an artistic genre and its contribution to the comprehension of organisations’ innovation processes. However, the most important contribution, within the Latin American context, consists basically in a process of dissemination and knowledge of the research developed in different international contexts and which may apply to the analysis of arts and culture management in the region. Originality/value As noted in the body of this paper, the topic of cultural management is novel and has acquired notable importance in developed economies in which the arts and culture sector has strategic value. Latin America reveals an institutional revolution which situates the cultural sector in a predominant position where its contribution to the creation of social and economic value turns it into a key field in Latin American societies. Arts and culture constitute a factor of value creation which requires carefully planned and pertinent management processes. This publication, through its five contributions, all European, is a valuable tool of dissemination for knowledge and management in Latin America, where academic research into the sector is, as yet, incipient.

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Morrow, Juliet E., and Toby A. Morrow. "Geographic Variation in Fluted Projectile Points: A Hemispheric Perspective." American Antiquity 64, no. 2 (April 1999): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694275.

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This paper examines geographic variation in fluted point morphology across North and South America. Metric data on 449 North American points, 31 Central American points, and 61 South American points were entered into a database. Ratios calculated from these metric attributes are used to quantify aspects of point shape across the two continents. The results of this analysis indicate gradual, progressive changes in fluted point outline shape from the Great Plains of western North America into adjacent parts of North America as well as into Central and South America. The South American “Fishtail” form of fluted point is seen as the culmination of incremental changes in point shape that began well into North America. A geographically gradual decline in fluting frequency also is consistent with the stylistic evolution of the stemmed “Fishtail” points. Although few in number, the available radiocarbon dates do suggest that “Fishtail” fluted points in southern South America are younger than the earliest dates associated with Clovis points in western North America. All of these data converge on the conclusion that South American “Fishtail” points evolved from North American fluted points.

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Edwards, Beatrice. "Book Review: The Central American Refugees." International Migration Review 22, no. 2 (June 1988): 312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838802200208.

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Santiago, Gloria Bonilla. "Book Review: The Central American Refugees." International Migration Review 22, no. 2 (June 1988): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838802200209.

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Rodriguez, Nestor P. "Undocumented Central Americans in Houston: Diverse Populations." International Migration Review 21, no. 1 (March 1987): 4–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838702100101.

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Fleeing political conflict and/or economic decline, large numbers of undocumented Central Americans have been coming to the United States since the late 1970s. Many of these migrants have settled in urban areas of the country that have large Hispanic concentrations. It is estimated that about 100,000 have settled in Houston. Interviews and observations indicate that this Central American population, composed principally of Salvadorans, Guatemalans, and Hondurans, constitutes a new diverse Latino immigrant experience in the city.

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Cowgill, George L. "Demographic Diversity and Change in the Central American Isthmus:Demographic Diversity and Change in the Central American Isthmus." American Anthropologist 100, no. 4 (December 1998): 1075–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1998.100.4.1075.

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Fairfield, John D. "Democracy in Cincinnati: civic virtue and three generations of urban historians." Urban History 24, no. 2 (August 1997): 200–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800016394.

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ABSTRACTThe tension between civic virtue and self-interest has been a central theme of three generations of American urban historians. Indeed these historians have played an important role in the struggle to build America's civic culture. Critically examining their cities in light of American ideals, they have embraced the responsibilities of citizenship and kept alive the spirit of civic virtue. This essay examines democracy in Cincinnati through the work of these urban historians and argues that Americans have dispensed with civic virtue at their own peril. The democratization of the republican ideal of citizenship remains the great, unfinished task of American civilization.

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Grant, Daragh. "Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili on the Juridical Status of Native American Polities." Renaissance Quarterly 72, no. 3 (2019): 910–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2019.255.

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Over the course of the sixteenth century, Europeans writing about the ius gentium went from treating indigenous American rulers as the juridical equals of Europe's princes to depicting them as little more than savage brutes, incapable of bearing dominium and ineligible for the protections of the law of peoples. This essay examines the writings of Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili to show how this transformation in European perceptions of Native Americans resulted from fundamental changes in European society. The emergence of a novel conception of sovereignty amid the upheavals of the Protestant Reformation was central to this shift and provided a new foundation for Europe's continued imperial expansion into the Americas.

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Duganne, Erina. "From the Memory Books of Josely Carvalho." Arts 8, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8030109.

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In this interview, Brazilian-born multi-media artist Josely Carvalho (b. 1942) reflects back on her art making practice in the 1980s. Among the subjects that she addresses are her bi-nationalism, her use of the silkscreen process, and her association with the 1984 activist campaign Artists Call Against U.S. Intervention in Central America. She also speaks about working as a Latin American artist in New York City during this period, as well as her involvement with galleries and arts organizations such as St. Mark’s Church-in-the-Bowery, Central Hall Cooperative Gallery, and Franklin Furnace.

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Palau-Sampio, Dolors. "Reframing Central American Migration From Narrative Journalism." Journal of Communication Inquiry 43, no. 1 (October 24, 2018): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0196859918806676.

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Over the past decade, some journalists and media have addressed Central American migration to the United States from an investigative and narrative reporting perspective, providing a more reliable and accurate portrait of the main characters and their underlying reasons for making the move. This article examines how an ethnographic and analytical approach in combination with narrative techniques can improve the coverage of complex issues such as migration, providing more detailed and complete information than conventional media presents. The qualitative analysis focuses on five projects, including the crossmedia On the Road—with a long-form reportage, a book of photographs, and a documentary—and four multimedia documents released by Central American platforms, in some cases in partnership with U.S. media and foundations. The results emphasize that new reporting techniques and coverage inspired in slow journalism can help to reframe migration in a radically different way.

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Marini, Anna Marta, and Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock. "American Gothic: An Interview with Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock." REDEN. Revista Española de Estudios Norteamericanos 3, no. 2 (May 15, 2022): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/reden.2022.3.1811.

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Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock is currently Professor of English at Central Michigan University, where he has been teaching a variety of courses on American literature and popular culture since 2001. He’s a scholar of the Gothic with a vast academic production, in particular on supernatural fiction, film and television. His research interests span topics related to, among many, monsters, ghosts, vampires, and the female Gothic. He is also an associate editor for the Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts and, besides a long list of published essays, he edited three collections of tales by H.P. Lovecraft and has published over 20 books, among which Spectral America: Phantoms and the National Imagination (2004), The Vampire Film: Undead (2012), and The Monster Theory Reader (2020). He was as well the editor of the Cambridge Companion to the American Gothic in 2018.

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Thakkar, Upasana. "Transnationalism and Testimonio in Contemporary Central American Migrant Literature." Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos 44, no. 1 (May 23, 2021): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/rceh.v44i1.5905.

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This article explores contemporary Central American literature dealing with transnationalism in migrant narratives from the region within the framework of testimonio. The transnational elements in literary texts read as testimonio were also present in previous Latin American narratives but were ignored in critical writing about this genre. These elements often included two countries, and involved transmission of, as well as continuous negotiation between, different languages. Moreover, the immediate translation of these texts into English made them available more to an international audience than to the citizens of the countries in which they were mostly set. Taking Odyssey to the North by Mario Bencastro, and The Tattooed Soldier by Hector Tobar as my point of reference, I will argue that these and several other contemporary Central American works of fiction can be read as testimonio. These works, by focusing attention on the repercussions of the civil war in a new context, depict migration to the United States

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PUGA, ANA ELENA. "The Caravana of Central American Mothers in Mexico: Performances of Devotional and Saintly Motherhood on a Transnational Stage-in-Motion." Theatre Research International 46, no. 3 (October 2021): 266–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883321000262.

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Like earlier mother activism in Latin America, the annual Caravana de Madres Centroamericanas (Caravan of Central American Mothers) through Mexico strategically activates the traditional archetype of mothers as passive, pious, suffering victims whose self-abnegation forces them, almost against their will, out of their supposedly natural domestic sphere. Three elements, however, distinguish the caravana from earlier protests staged by mothers. First, this protest crosses national borders, functioning as a transnational pilgrimage to the memory of the disappeared relative. This stage-in-motion temporarily spotlights and claims the spaces traversed by undocumented Central American migrants in Mexico, attempting to recast those migrants as victims of violence rather than as criminals. Second, through performances of both devotional motherhood and saintly motherhood, the caravana's mother-based activism de-normalizes violence related to drugs and migration. Third, performances of family reunification staged by the caravana organizers take place in the few cases in which they manage to locate family members who have not fallen prey to violence but have simply resettled in Mexico and abandoned or lost touch with families left behind in Central America. These performances of family reunification serve important functions: they shift the performance of motherhood from devotion to saintly tolerance, patience and forgiveness – even toward prodigal offspring who were ‘lost’ for years; they provide a chance for other mothers to vicariously feel joy and hope that their children are still alive; they exemplify world citizens challenging incompetent or indifferent nation state authorities; and they enact a symbolic unification of Central America and Mexico in defiance of contemporary nation state borders.

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MILLER, KRISTINE A. "Institutionalizing Imagination: National Defense and Defense of the Humanities in The 9/11 Report." Journal of American Studies 50, no. 3 (August 25, 2015): 731–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875815001218.

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This essay analyzes The 9/11 Report, exploring its connection between the defense of the nation and the defense of the humanities. Comparing American civic engagement with the work of literary criticism, the report argues that America's “most important failure” before 9/11 “was one of imagination.” Significantly, each of its four major recommendations for improving future intelligence work parallels a specific literary-critical skill. Grounding these skills in the work of the humanities classroom, The 9/11 Report concludes that America's global power requires the imagination and the ethics central to a liberal arts education.

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Quiñones-Otal, Emilia. "Women’s bodies as dominated territories: Intersectionality and performance in contemporary art from Mexico, Central America and the Hispanic Caribbean." Arte, Individuo y Sociedad 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 677–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/aris.61786.

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Since the 1970s, artists from Central America, Mexico and the Hispanic Caribbean have explored the connection between imperialism and gender violence through innovative artistic proposals. Their research has led them to use the female body as a metaphor for both the invaded geographical territory and the patriarchal incursion into women’s lives. This trend has received little to no attention and it behooves us to understand why it has happened and, more importantly, how the artists are proposing we examine this double violence endured by the women who live or used to live in countries with a colonial present or past. The resulting images are powerful, interesting, and a great contribution to Latin America’s artistic heritage. This study proposes that research yet to be done in other Global areas where colonies has been established, since it is possible that this trend can be understood, not only as an element of the Latin American artistic canon, but also integral to all of non-Western art.

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Avery, Molly. "Promoting a ‘Pinochetazo’: The Chilean Dictatorship's Foreign Policy in El Salvador during the Carter Years, 1977–81." Journal of Latin American Studies 52, no. 4 (October 5, 2020): 759–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x20000966.

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AbstractThis article takes existing histories of Chilean transnational anti-communist activity in the 1970s beyond Operation Condor (the Latin American military states’ covert transnational anti-communist intelligence and operations system) by asking how the Pinochet dictatorship responded to two key changes in the international system towards the end of that decade: the Carter presidency and introduction of the human rights policy, and the shift of the epicentre of the Cold War in Latin America to Central America. It shows how both Salvadoreans and Chileans understood the Pinochet dictatorship as a distinct model of anti-communist governance, applicable far beyond Chile's own borders. This study of Chilean foreign policy in El Salvador contributes to new histories of the Latin American Extreme Right and to new understandings of the inter-American system and the international history of the conflicts in Central America in the late 1970s and the 1980s.

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Allen, Phoebe E. M., and Gary G. Weismer. "Acoustic characteristics of central vowels in American English." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, no. 4 (October 2010): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3508341.

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Cooke, Richard. "Prehistory of Native Americans on the Central American Land Bridge: Colonization, Dispersal, and Divergence." Journal of Archaeological Research 13, no. 2 (June 2005): 129–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10804-005-2486-4.

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McGinnis, Theresa Ann. ""“La Vida de los Emigrantes”." English Teaching: Practice & Critique 17, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 400–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/etpc-05-2017-0076.

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Purpose In September 2014, 1,200 unaccompanied immigrant youth, from a region of Central America known for high rates of violence and homicide, enrolled in a suburban school district of New York State. This paper aims to highlight the stories of the newly arrived Central American high school youth, as told through Bilingual (Spanish/English) digital testimonios completed in the English Language Arts classroom. The author examines how the telling of their stories of surviving migration offers a way for the youth to respond to political and emotional struggles. The author also explores how the youth become active participants in the telling of political narratives/testimonios. Design/methodology/approach Part of a larger ethnographic case study, the author adopts the ethnographic approaches of the new literacy studies. Testimonios as a research epistemology privilege the youth’s narratives as sources of knowledge, and allow the youth to reclaim their authority in telling their own stories. Findings The integration of critical digital texts into the English Language Arts classroom created a participatory classroom culture where the Central American youth’s digital testimonios can be seen as a shared history of struggles that make visible the physical toil of their journeys, the truth of their border crossings and their enactments of political identities. As a collective, the youth’s stories become part of national and global political dialogues. Originality/value At a time when immigrant youth struggle for rights, to further their education and to negotiate the daily experiences of living in a new country, this research offers a unique perspective on the politics of inclusion and exclusion for unaccompanied youth.

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Curran, Kathleen. "The German Rundbogenstil and Reflections on the American Round-Arched Style." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 47, no. 4 (December 1, 1988): 351–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990381.

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This article investigates the German Rundbogenstil and its influence on the American "round-arched style." A stylistic and theoretical phenomenon of the 19th century, the German Rundbogenstil held both a specific and a generic meaning: as a contemporary building style and as a term for historical round-arched architecture. In modern scholarship, the Rundbogenstil has come to denote any round-arched building with Romanesque or Italianate features designed by certain early to mid-19th-century German architects. A general contextual analysis of the complex nature of the 19th-century round-arched styles or "tendencies" in Germany helps to define more precisely the Rundbogenstil. Following a theoretical and stylistic examination of major monuments in Karlsruhe, Munich, and Berlin, the present paper outlines the salient characteristics of the Rundbogenstil and its influence in America in the hands of certain central European emigrant architects in New York and two major mid-19th-century American architects. The fundamental theoretical change which the style underwent in the United States in both of these groups warrants a distinct label-the American "round-arched style."

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Griego, Manuel García y. "International Migration Statistics in Mexico." International Migration Review 21, no. 4 (December 1987): 1245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838702100415.

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During the past decade Mexico has experienced both large-scale emigration, directed mostly to the United States, and the mass immigration of Central American refugees. The implementation of the United States Immigration and Control Act of 1986 and the possible escalation of armed conflicts in Central America may result in expanded inflows either of returning citizens or of new refugee waves. To develop appropriate policy responses, Mexico would need reliable information on international migration flows. This note reviews available sources of that information and evaluates their strengths and limitations.

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Neem, Johann N. "Anti-intellectualism and education reform." Phi Delta Kappan 101, no. 7 (March 30, 2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721720917523.

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It is a strange and sobering experience to read Hofstadter in our own anti-intellectual era. If anything, left-leaning intellectuals’ sense of alienation has increased since the 1990s. To challenge anti-intellectualism in American education, the liberal arts and sciences will need to be restored to their central place in the curriculum.

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Aguirre, B. E. "Book Review: The Central American Refugee Issue in Brownsville, Texas." International Migration Review 29, no. 1 (March 1995): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900117.

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Carmack, Robert M., and Silvia Salgado González. "A WORLD-SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE ON THE ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOHISTORY OF THE MESOAMERICAN/LOWER CENTRAL AMERICAN BORDER." Ancient Mesoamerica 17, no. 2 (July 2006): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653610606007x.

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The authors challenge the argument by other world-system scholars that Lower Central America fell outside the Mesoamerican world-system during the late Postclassic period. Drawing on ethnohistoric and archaeological information, it is argued that native peoples along the Pacific Coast of Central America from El Salvador to the Nicoya Peninsula (Costa Rica) are best understood as part of the Mesoamerican periphery. The Central American peoples south of Nicoya formed both a chiefly world-system of their own and part of the Mesoamerican frontier by engaging in networks of trade and preciosity exchanges with the coastal Mesoamericans in Nicoya and Nicaragua. Support for this argument is based primarily on two “microhistoric” case studies of peoples located on both sides of the Mesoamerican/Lower Central America border, specifically the Chorotegans of the Masaya/Granada area of Nicaragua and the Chibchans of the Diquis/Buenos Aires area of Costa Rica. Archaeological information on sites in both areas and documentation from Spanish colonial sources that refer to native peoples in these areas strongly indicate that the Masaya/Granada peoples were active participants in the Mesoamerican regional network. In contrast, information from the Diquis/Buenos Aires area for this period reveals only weak Mesoamerican ties but strong relations with a Chibchan intersocietal network of chiefdoms.

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Mariner, Kathryn A. "American Elegy, Reflux." Public Culture 33, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-9262821.

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Abstract This is a meditation on bad air as a defining bodily, temporal, political, and atmospheric condition of the twenty-first-century American Dream. In 2020, the novel viral respiratory illness COVID-19 stole the final breaths of nearly 350,000 Americans (and severely damaged the lungs of many, many more). George Floyd and Daniel Prude, unarmed and Black, were suffocated by the police in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Rochester, New York, respectively. Protesters marching in the streets for racial justice were tear-gassed under milky skies. Wildfires raged up and down the West Coast of the United States, thickening the air in the mountains, in the valleys, in the woods, in the cities, with particulate matter. And doctors found a malignant mass in the right lung of this author's mother. This essay uses the double meaning of aspiration (to inhale and to dream) to trace the myriad ways our collective breathing is central to, and curtailed by, the American Aspiration. Grounded through the breath, it traces the deep entanglements of global pandemic, climate change, state violence, and lung cancer, and their combined social, political, and environmental implications for Americans’ collective flourishing, or collective strangulation. Carried on the polar jet stream from rural Oregon, to the streets of Minneapolis and Rochester, to the tobacco plantations of the American South, it is a rhetorical exercise in breathless grief, in having the wind knocked out, in going up in smoke.

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Avila, Roxana, and David Korish. "Intensive Actor Training in Costa Rica." New Theatre Quarterly 20, no. 1 (January 5, 2004): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x03220364.

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Saal, Ilka. "‘Let's Hurt Someone’: Violence and Cultural Memory in the Plays of Neil LaBute." New Theatre Quarterly 24, no. 4 (November 2008): 322–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x0800047x.

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In this essay Ilka Saal examines one of the most perplexing aspects of Neil LaBute's work: his deployment of excessive and gratuitous violence. She insists that such deployment of violence has little to do with a humanist critique of the propensity for evil in all of us, nor with the playwright's biography (as suggested by a number of critics), but instead functions as a satirical interrogation of the mythological significance attributed to violence in American culture. The casual cruelties of LaBute's ordinary mid-Americans point up the central and ‘ordinary’ role that violence has played in the nation's history and self-understanding. Focusing on the example of the one-act play a gaggle of saints and drawing on the theories of Jan Assmann and Richard Slotkin, she shows in what ways LaBute uses violence to interrogate the country's cultural memory and to alert us to the general lethargy that has settled over the nation with regard to the historical violence it systematically exerted against its Others. Ilka Saal received her PhD in Literature from Duke University, North Carolina and is now working as Associate Professor of English at the University of Richmond, Virginia, where she teaches modern and contemporary American literature and culture. She is the author of New Deal Theater: the Vernacular Tradition in American Political Theater (Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), Dramatizing the Disease: Representations of AIDS on the US American Stage (Tectum, 1997), and co author of Passionate Politics: the Cultural Work of American Melodrama from the Early Republic to the Present (Cambridge Scholars Press, 2008).

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Stallings, Barbara. "The Reluctant Giant: Japan and the Latin American Debt Crisis." Journal of Latin American Studies 22, no. 1-2 (March 1990): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00015091.

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The debt crisis has been the dominant feature of Latin American economic and political life since 1982. While the Reagan Administration gave greater priority to Central America, it nevertheless managed the international response to the debt crisis. US management initially seemed logical for several reasons: US hegemony worldwide, the traditionally close relationship between the United States and Latin America, and the leading exposure of US banks in Latin American debt. During the period since 1982, however, two of these three elements have changed. Japan has challenged US hegemony, although it certainly has not displaced the United States, and Japanese banks have caught up with their US counterparts as holders of Latin American debt.2 Despite their lack of traditional relations with Latin America, then, the Japanese are becoming increasingly – although perhaps reluctantly – involved in the region.

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Gould, Jeffrey L., and Lowell Gudmundson. "Central American Historiography After the Violence." Latin American Research Review 32, no. 2 (1997): 244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002387910003795x.

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Sosa, Rocío-Irene. "La Historia del Arte Argentino a la luz de los Estudios Decoloniales." Anduli, no. 20 (2021): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/anduli.2021.i20.11.

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At the end of the last century, colonial, postcolonial and decolonial studies set in motion a “detachment” from the dominant modes of knowledge acquisition in the social sciences and humanities. In the 1990s, Latin American intellectuals debated the colonial side of modernity and the cultural, theoretical and practical hegemony that the central countries maintained. In the field of art, this resulted in the problematization of the Eurocentric canons present in the artistic system and the lack of independent theoretical and visual thinking. In light of these problems, this article investigates one of the features of coloniality in force in the Histories of the Visual Arts “with capital letters” in Latin America and particularly in Argentina; that is, the neutralization of diversity in the construction of a national art. To this end, we have used the transdisciplinary qualitative methodology, which articulates different areas of knowledge (history, anthropology, philosophy, sociology, art history) from a decolonial interpretive perspective. In the theoretical analysis and historiographical reflection, a decentration is observed in the history of national art promoted by the Institute of Aesthetic Research (Faculty of Arts, National University of Tucumán), which interrupts the disciplinary canon favoring the emergence of the American, in both the folkloric and the ancestral.

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Irvin, George. "ECLAC and the Political Economy of the Central American Common Market." Latin American Research Review 23, no. 3 (1988): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100022421.

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The Central American Common Market (CACM) was once described as “the most successful example of economic integration in the Third World.” Today the CACM is nearly defunct, a victim of the smoldering crisis that erupted in Central America in 1979 following the second oil shock and the Nicaraguan Revolution. Various arguments may be found in the literature on the economics of the region that purport to explain this collapse.

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Andrade, Lelia De, and Phillipe I. Bourgois. "Ethnicity at Work: Divided Labor on a Central American Banana Plantation." Anthropological Quarterly 64, no. 2 (April 1991): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3317723.

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Petersen, James B., and Nancy Asch Sidell. "Mid-Holocene Evidence of Cucurbita Sp. from Central Maine." American Antiquity 61, no. 4 (October 1996): 685–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282011.

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A fragmentary specimen of Cucurbita sp. has been recovered from an early context at the Sharrow site in central Maine. Directly dated to the mid-Holocene epoch on the basis of an accelerator mass spectrometer assay of 5695 ± 100 B.P. (AA-7491), this squash or gourd represents one of the earliest such finds in eastern North America. It greatly expands the distribution of mid-Holocene Cucurbita beyond previous finds in the Midwest, Midsouth, and Southeast. Three alternative hypotheses derived from this discovery are that (1) Cucurbita represents a previously unrecognized native plant in the far Northeast; (2) it was present in Maine as a trade item or an unintentional introduction; or (3) it was present as the result of early cultivation, whether introduced from Mesoamerica or elsewhere in eastern North American outside of Maine. Current evidence suggests that the first two hypotheses are unlikely. This leaves open the possibility that the presence of early Cucurbita at the Sharrow site represents the introduction of a cultivated plant into Maine during the mid-Holocene.

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Munby, Jonathan. "Manhattan Melodrama's “Art of the Weak”: Telling History from the Other Side in the 1930s Talking Gangster Film." Journal of American Studies 30, no. 1 (April 1996): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800024348.

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Ever since gangsters first appeared on the American screen (officially with D. W. Griffith's Musketeers of Pig Alley, in 1912) they have been involved in a prolonged battle with the forces of “legitimate” culture. Having fought their fights from the wrong side of the street gangsters have continually drawn attention to the line which separates legitimate from illegitimate Americans. This has raised problems in accounting for the gangster genre's significance. In stigmatizing the ethnic urban poor as criminal, the gangster genre betrays its origins in a nativist discourse which sought to cast “hyphenated” Americans as “un-American” and in need of “ Americanization. ” Yet, as perhaps the most powerful vehicle for the nationalization and popularization of ethnic urban American life, the gangster genre overturned many aspects of its iniquitous origin, playing an important part in the re-writing of American history from the perspective (and, as I shall demonstrate, quite literally in the voice) of the ethnic urban lower class.This contradiction is characteristic of the dynamic and changing role American popular culture artifacts play in the mediation of the nation's history. Regardless of the poetic and ideological licence gangster fictions take with the very real socio-historical problems of the ethnic urban poor, the central conflict which informs these narratives remains the question of social, economic, and cultural exclusion.

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Edelman, Marc. "Transnational Peasant Politics in Central America." Latin American Research Review 33, no. 3 (1998): 49–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100038425.

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Since the late 1980s, peasants throughout Central America have begun to coordinate political and economic strategy. Agriculturalists from the five republics that constituted “la patria grande” of Spanish Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica) as well as representatives from Panama and Belize have founded regional organizations that meet to compare experiences with free-market policies, share new technologies, develop sources of finance, and create channels for marketing their products abroad. They have also established a presence in the increasingly distant arenas where decisions are made that affect their livelihood. Small-farmer organizations now lobby at the United Nations, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the European Union, and regional summit meetings. Central American campesinos have attended numerous regional gatherings of agriculture ministers and presidents, as well as events like the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the 1995 Western Hemisphere Presidents' Summit in Miami, the 1995 World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen, and the 1996 Food Security Summit in Rome.

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Gogarty, Larne Abse. "Feeling and Form in Mark Bradford’s American Pavilion." Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 81, no. 4 (December 18, 2018): 519–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkg-2018-0039.

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Abstract Mark Bradford describes his practice as “social abstraction”, defined as “abstract art with a social or political context clinging to the edges”. The article addresses Bradford’s exhibition Tomorrow is Another Day at the American Pavilion at the 2017 Venice Biennale and considers the artist’s claim through the critical reception of his work alongside central debates within the history of modernism. It then explores how dispossession and racialization can be figured in relation to modernist myths such as the grid. Finally, in addressing the “social” in Bradford’s practice, the study questions the collaboration Bradford embarked on with Rio Terà dei Pensieri, an organisation supporting the reintegration of prisoners and people under criminal judgment in Venice, arguing that the reformism of that project cuts against Bradford’s use of myth as a mode of resistance.

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Bush, Mark B. "Deriving Response Matrices from Central American Modern Pollen Rain." Quaternary Research 54, no. 1 (July 2000): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2138.

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Modern pollen samples collected from 80 locations and representing a wide array of mature habitats in Panama and Costa Rica provide analogs to assist in the interpretation of fossil pollen records. Pollen spectra accurately reflect changes in actual forest types. Upslope transport of pollen of anemophilous species is evident in the sparsely vegetated montane samples. However, the corresponding downslope transport of these prolific pollen producers is masked by local pollen production. Mean pollen representation across gradients of mean annual temperature (MAT; 4°C increments) and mean annual precipitation (MAP; 500 mm increments) for 17 pollen types are presented as response matrices. Although preliminary in nature, these response matrices present a clearer image of pollen representation than can be obtained by considering gradients of MAT or MAP alone.

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Weeks, John. "An Interpretation of the Central American Crisis." Latin American Research Review 21, no. 3 (1986): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100016186.

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For the last ten years, Central America has been in upheaval, experiencing fundamental social and political change, with the Nicaraguan revolution representing the most dramatic rupture with the past. This revolution, the civil war in El Salvador, two recent coups in Guatemala, and the militarization of Honduras by the United States are all aspects of the crisis currently transforming the region. This article will argue that these dramatic events comprise a general disintegration of what might be called the “old order” in Central America. While the particular characteristics of each country must be taken into account, a process of creative destruction can be identified that is best understood at the level of the region as a whole.

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Woodward, Ralph Lee. "Unity and Diversity in Central American History." Latin American Research Review 27, no. 3 (1992): 254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100037328.

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Hamilton, Nora, and Norma Stoltz Chinchilla. "Central American Migration: A Framework for Analysis." Latin American Research Review 26, no. 1 (1991): 75–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100034920.

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The subject of Central American migration encompasses a broad range of experiences that challenge traditional approaches to migration studies. Past interpretations of migration have tended to be based on mutually exclusive typologies or to focus on certain dimensions of migration while excluding others. Thus migration could be internal or international, cyclical, temporary, or permanent, voluntary or involuntary, economically or politically motivated (the latter issue often treated in a separate literature on refugees and exiles), motivated by “push” factors in the country of origin or “pull” factors in the receiving country, or the result of individual decisions or underlying structural conditions.

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Schleitwiler, Vince, Abby Sun, and Rea Tajiri. "Messy, Energetic, Intense: A Roundtable Conversation among New York's Asian American Experimental Filmmakers of the Eighties with Roddy Bogawa, Daryl Chin, Shu Lea Cheang, and Rea Tajiri." Film Quarterly 73, no. 3 (2020): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2020.73.3.66.

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This roundtable grew out of conversations between filmmaker Rea Tajiri, programmer Abby Sun, and scholar Vince Schleitwiler about a misunderstood chapter in the history of Asian American film and media: New York City in the eighties, a vibrant capital of Asian American filmmaking with a distinctively experimental edge. To tell this story, Rea Tajiri contacted her artist contemporaries Shu Lea Cheang and Roddy Bogawa as well as writer and critic Daryl Chin. Daryl had been a fixture in New York City art circles since the sixties, his presence central to Asian American film from the beginning. The scope of this discussion extends loosely from the mid-seventies through the late nineties, with Tajiri, Abby Sun, and Vince Schleitwiler initiating topics, compiling responses, and finalizing its form as a collage-style conversation.

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Hu, Jie, Kezheng Chen, and Dongfang Liu. "Chinese university faculty members' visiting experience and professional growth in American universities." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 48, no. 5 (May 5, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7898.

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We empirically investigated Chinese university faculty members' visiting experience and professional growth in American universities. The major data source was qualitative semistructured interviews with 30 Chinese faculty members in the arts, engineering, natural sciences, and social sciences disciplines. The results showed that, despite challenges in preparation, language, and different academic cultures, Chinese visiting scholars were capable of navigating their host programs and achieving professional growth as they moved from peripheral to central participation in their academic community. We also critically discussed how Chinese visiting scholars' academic experience in the United States can be improved, and cast light on the globalization of higher education.

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Betancourt, Manuel. "Melodrama, Telenovela, and the New Latin American Women’s Picture." Film Quarterly 74, no. 2 (2020): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2020.74.2.95.

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FQ columnist Manuel Betancourt examines how the Latin American tradition of melodrama is being reimagined by contemporary filmmakers in ways that reveal its ongoing relevance. Focusing on four recent films—Los adioses (The Eternal Feminine, dir. Natalia Beristáin, 2017), Amores modernos (Modern Loves, dir. Matías Meyer, 2020), La quietud (The Quietude, dir. Pablo Trapero, 2018), and A vida invisível (Invisible Life, dir. Karim Aïnouz, 2019)—Betancourt suggests that these recent riffs on the genre present fertile ground for narratives about how women’s agency and bodies remain tethered to patriarchal systems. Indeed, melodrama’s status as a gendered genre and association with women and their stories is central to its recuperation and reformulation in the twenty-first century as a means to reckon with national discourses about the family that may feel personal but are inherently political.

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Greeley, Robin Adèle. "The Color of Experience: Postwar Chromatic Abstraction in Venezuela and Brazil." October 152 (May 2015): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00216.

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In the aftermath of World War II, South American artists and critics saw color as a key to liberation from the crisis of the art object and the related crisis of modernity. In so doing, they resisted an entrenched postwar suspicion of color's expressive qualities that elsewhere resulted in color either being repositioned as readymade or purged outright. The essays comprising “Color and Abstraction in Latin America” investigate what was at stake in this resurgence, in 1950s and '60s South American abstraction, of color as a central problem of perceptual experience and subject construction. First, color was conceptualized in relation to material experience, as a corporealization (whether individual or collective) that relocates us as subjects. Second, color became the basis for a complex negotiation that laid claim to chromatic abstraction as a universal project through its localized articulation within the developmentalist contexts of postwar South America. Third, all of these artists and writers contextualized their aesthetic maneuvers in relation to Europe, positioning their work as a resuscitation of the historical avant-garde's utopian aspirations in the wake of the latter's failure in the aftermath of World War II. The essays collected here reassess the role of color in postwar art, to reconsider in light of the varied experiences of developmentalist South American nations what are by now familiar concerns regarding the effects of the commercialization of human imagination and memory, the pervasiveness of culture industry spectacle, and the corrosion of subjectivity imposed by industrial capital.

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Stern, Steve J. "Paradigms of Conquest: History, Historiography, and Politics." Journal of Latin American Studies 24, S1 (March 1992): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00023750.

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The Quandary of 1492The year 1492 evokes a powerful symbolism.1The symbolism is most charged, of course, among peoples whose historical memory connects them directly to the forces unleashed in 1492. For indigenous Americans, Latin Americans, minorities of Latino or Hispanic descent, and Spaniards and Portuguese, the sense of connection is strong. The year 1492 symbolises a momentous turn in historical destiny: for Amerindians, the ruinous switch from independent to colonised history; for Iberians, the launching of a formative historical chapter of imperial fame and controversy; for Latin Americans and the Latino diaspora, the painful birth of distinctive cultures out of power-laden encounters among Iberian Europeans, indigenous Americans, Africans, and the diverse offspring who both maintained and blurred the main racial categories.But the symbolism extends beyond the Americas, and beyond the descendants of those most directly affected. The arrival of Columbus in America symbolises a historical reconfiguration of world magnitude. The fusion of native American and European histories into one history marked the beginning of the end of isolated stagings of human drama. Continental and subcontinental parameters of human action and struggle, accomplishment and failure, would expand into a world stage of power and witness. The expansion of scale revolutionised cultural and ecological geography. After 1492, the ethnography of the humanoid other proved an even more central fact of life, and the migrations of microbes, plants and animals, and cultural inventions would transform the history of disease, food consumption, land use, and production techniques.2In addition, the year 1492 symbolises the beginnings of the unique world ascendance of European civilisation.

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Lindquist, Danille Christensen. ""Locating" the Nation: Football Game Day and American Dreams in Central Ohio." Journal of American Folklore 119, no. 474 (October 1, 2006): 444–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4137650.

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Abstract This article suggests how abstract ideas like "nation" are lived and situated by examining recurring features ofAmerican football as it is experienced by spectators in central Ohio. Football-an institutionalized drama formed by its inventors to address questions of national identity and social relations-is embedded within the generically complex event known as "game day" and is framed by ongoing social practices that stem from the sport’s competitive structure. As a multifaceted event grounded in both historical contexts and live performances, this spectator sport provides an ideal case for highlighting connections among form, ideology, and identity. This article argues that as a celebratory complex, Ohio State University football enacts aspects of national identity (including tropes of competitive opportunity, mechanized teamwork, and homeland defense) in terms of shared experiences and expressions grounded in local affiliations. In particular, the much-anticipated and ritually structured performances of the OSUMarching Band guide fans in endorsing "America" and its attendant ideologies while simultaneously emphasizing local difference.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Central American Arts'

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