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1
Gérard, Marc. "Economic catching-up and monetary integration of Central and Eastern European countries." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100021.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse au défi que représente le rattrapage des niveaux de prix pour la stabilité macroéconomique des pays en transition d’Europe centrale et orientale, dans la perspective de leur future participation à la zone euro. A cet égard, une modélisation du taux de change réel d’équilibre suggère que l’appréciation réelle liée au rattrapage économique recouvre des évolutions de prix relatifs différentes suivant les régimes de change, dont témoignent des trajectoires d’endettement extérieur contrastées. Dans les économies en changes flexibles, la hausse du taux de change nominal favorise une appréciation endogène des termes de l’échange à moyen terme, en orientant les investissements directs étrangers et la réalisation des gains de productivité vers le secteur exposé de l’économie, ce qui se traduit par une appréciation du taux de change réel d’équilibre et une amélioration des comptes extérieurs. Dans les économies en changes fixes, les effets de valorisation liés à la hausse des prix relatifs domestiques tendent à orienter les investissements vers le secteur abrité de l’économie, entraînant une érosion de la compétitivité extérieure, dont témoigne le gonflement de la dette externe. Par ailleurs, l’intégration monétaire comporte des risques spécifiques pour la stabilité macroéconomique des économies en rattrapage, dans la mesure où elle s’accompagne d’un processus marqué de convergence des conditions de financement entre Etats membres, dès lors que la perspective de l’adhésion à l’espace monétaire commun devient crédible. Un modèle dynamique à anticipations rationnelles permet de montrer que face au choc de demande lié à une telle convergence financière, l’appréciation du taux de change nominal se révèle cruciale pour limiter la surchauffe de l’économie. A l’inverse, dans les économies en régime de change fixe, l’abaissement des primes de risque pays est susceptible de provoquer une montée de l’endettement extérieur, suivi d’enchaînements déflationnistes une fois dans l’union monétaireThis research investigates the challenges of price level catching-up for macroeconomic stability in Central and Eastern European transition countries seeking to enter the Euro area. In this respect, an equilibrium real exchange rate model suggests that the process of real appreciation observed along economic catching-up in these countries can be ascribed to different relative price developments, depending on the exchange rate regime, as exemplified by contrasted external debt trajectories. In flexible exchange rate economies, the increase in the nominal exchange rate fosters an endogenous appreciation of the terms of trade in the medium run, by channelling foreign direct investment and associated productivity gains to the exposed sector of the economy, thus appreciating the equilibrium real exchange rate and strengthening the current account over time. In fixed exchange rate economies, positive valuation effects associated with the increase in domestic relative prices tend to divert investment to the sheltered sector, thus undermining external competitiveness and bringing about higher external debt. Furthermore, monetary integration entails specific risks for macroeconomic stability in catching-up economies, because it implies a process of rapid convergence in the financing conditions across member States, which takes place as soon as the perspective of accession to the common monetary area appears credible. A dynamic, rational expectations model shows that the appreciation of the nominal exchange rate becomes crucial to curtail the economic overheating triggered by the demand shock associated with financial convergence. By contrast, diminishing country risk premia under fixed exchange rate regimes are likely to cause ‘boom bust’ cycles, with an increase in external indebtedness followed by deflationary developments once in the monetary union
2
Romya, Kivilcim. "A Comparative Analysis Of The European Union Financial Assistance To Central And Eastern European Countries And Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609344/index.pdf.
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This thesis makes a comparative analysis of financial assistances provided to Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) and Turkey by the European Union (EU) prior and pursuant to candidacy. Furthermore, the thesis argues results obtained through comparison of financial assistances provided to CEECs and Turkey by the EU within the framework of integration theories and examines the place of Turkey within the enlargement perspective of the EU by addressing arguments that are dominant in the literature in relation to European integration theories.
The major argument of the thesis is that Turkey has not been treated equally with CEECs as regards financial assistance provided by the EU. As a justification for this, it is assumed that ideational factors have an impact on the enlargement perspective of the EU and they are determinant in the stance of EU towards Turkey.
3
Skorupinska, Aleksandra Aldona. "The role of information and telecommunication technologies in the productivity of Central and Eastern European countries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460826.
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La tesi està escrita com un manuscrit de cinc publicacions científiques i presenta una de les primeres evidències de la relació entre les tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació (TIC) i la productivitat en els països del centre i de l'est d'Europa (CEE). La part macroeconòmica de la tesi analitza el procés de transició cap a l'economia del coneixement en els països de l'àrea CEE. La part microeconòmica de la tesi es presenta en tres publicacions. El primer estudi aporta les evidències de les relacions directes i indirectes entre la productivitat i les TIC i confirma la importància de les fonts de productivitat de la coinnovació (complementarietat amb la inversió TIC) de les empreses fabricants de l'Europa de l'Est. El segon estudi analitza les diferències entre els principals impulsors de la productivitat (innovació, internacionalització i capital humà) entre empreses alemanyes i poloneses. La tercera publicació analitza la importància de les fonts de productivitat de la coinnovació utilitzant les dades recents de les empreses poloneses.La tesis está escrita como un manuscrito de cinco publicaciones científicas y presenta una de las primeras evidencias de la relación entre las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) y la productividad en los países del centro y del este de Europa (CEE). La parte macroeconómica de la tesis analiza el proceso de transición hacia la economía del conocimiento en los países del área CEE. La parte microeconómica de la tesis se presenta en tres publicaciones. El primer estudio aporta las evidencias de las relaciones directas e indirectas entre la productividad y las TIC y confirma la importancia de las fuentes de productividad de la coinnovación (complementariedad con la inversión TIC) de las empresas manufactureras de la Europa del Este. El segundo estudio analiza las diferencias entre los principales impulsores de la productividad (innovación, internacionalización y capital humano) entre empresas alemanas y polacas. La tercera publicación analiza la importancia de las fuentes de productividad de la coinnovación utilizando los datos recientes de las empresas polacas.
This thesis is written in the form of a manuscript of five scientific journal papers and presents one of the first pieces of evidence of the relation between information and communication technologies (ICT) and productivity in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (hereinafter CEE). The macroeconomic part of the thesis analyses the process of transition towards the knowledge economy in CEE countries and reveals a considerable gap between CEE and Western European countries, especially in terms of human capital, infrastructure, innovation capacity and quality of institutions. The microeconomic part of the thesis is presented in three papers. The first paper presents the evidence of the direct and indirect relationships between productivity and ICT, and confirms the importance of the co-innovation productivity sources (complementarities with ICT investment) from Eastern European manufacturing companies. The second paper analyses the differences in main productivity drivers (innovation, internationalization and human capital) between German and Polish companies. The third paper analyses the importance of the co-innovation productivity sources using recent data from Polish companies.
4
Stack, Marie M. "A gravity model analysis of trade and direct investment in the Central and Eastern European countries." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7005.
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The opening up process of the central and eastern European (CEE) countries marked new beginnings in terms of greater integration of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) with Western Europe. Adopting a two-stage out-of-sample gravity equation approach to predicting East West trade patterns, a panel data set of bilateral exports from twelve EU countries to twenty OECD partner countries is estimated over the 1992-2003 period to examine how integrated the CEE countries are with the West European countries. In general, countries which are initially less well-integrated with the EU have strongest trade potential: among the EU accession countries, the potential candidate countries look set to benefit most whereas the mixed trade ratios among the EU associated countries reflect very diverse economic structures. Using a similar approach to project East West FDI patterns, the potential to actual ratios of FDI stocks indicate a very uneven distribution of FDI among the eleven CEE countries. The FDI stock ratios accord with patterns of regional specialisation for the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland and suggest greatest FDI potential lies with the two latest accession countries. As the West European countries represents the CEE countries main trading partners and their main sources of FDI, the nature of the trade-direct investment relation among the group of EU OECD countries is of potential importance to the CEE countries. Merging the determinants for both trade and FDI into one model and estimating the merged model as a trade equation and as an FDI equation, the EU OECD patterns of FDI are characterised by both horizontal FDI (HFDI) and vertical FDI (VFDI). The dual role of HFDI and VFDI is supported when the general model of trade and FDI determinants is estimated using an instrumental variables method and when the additional price variables of FDI and trade are interpreted as cross-price elasticity effects. In a competitive world, attracting more FDI to the CEE countries may not only mean catering to the traditional MNE motives, but can also depend on transition-related factors and host country policies. Using a panel data set of bilateral FDI flows from twelve EU countries to eleven CEE countries, the traditional determinants of direct investment along with the liberalisation process and infrastructure endowments are found to significantly affect FDI over the 1994-2003 period.
5
Onaran, Özlem, and Engelbert Stockhammer. "The effect of FDI and foreign trade on wages in the Central and Eastern European Countries in the post-transition era: A sectoral analysis." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1450/1/document.pdf.
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The aim of this paper is to estimate the effect of FDI and trade openness on wages in the CEECs in the post-transition era. We utilize a cross-country sector-specific eceonometric analysis based on one-digit level panel data for manufacturing industry in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, for the period of 2000-2004. The results suggest that the increases in productivity are reflected in wages only to a modest extent, even in the long-term, leading to a steady decline in the share of labor in manufacturing industry in almost all sub-sectors in all countries. Meanwhile, the high significant and negative effect of unemployment on wages shows that the labor market is flexible in terms of wage flexibility. FDI has a positive effect on wages only in the capital and skill intensive sectors. The results also show that the increase in trade with EU did not lead to positive prospects for wages in manufacturing industry, contrary to the expectations of pro-market policies and traditional trade theory. The long-term net effect of exports and imports is negative, suggesting that integration of CEECs to EU via trade liberalization have worked at the expense of labor. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
6
Sen, Sener. "Analysis Of Regional Income Inequalities Of Ceecs And Turkey In The Light Of Eu Regional Policy Instruments." Thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606326/index.pdf.
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The aim of this study is to determine regional income level and disparities in CEECs and Turkey in a comparison of new 26 NUTS-II regions for Turkey with 49 NUTS-II regions of CEECs in the period of 1995 and 2001 by using the indicator of GDP per capita in terms of purchasing power standard. In this study, furthermore, those questions have been discussed: whether the EU is a chance for reducing regional inequalities and growth of the regional wealth in Turkey, and whether Turkey is another thread for the EU regional policy in the future on the enlargement process for the EU.
In this study, it is also examined regional income level and disparities in the EU-15, the EU-25, the EU-27, and the EU-28 in case accession of Turkey to the Union. The analyses are carried out for 207 NUTS-II regions of the EU-15, for the EU-25 (248 NUTS-II), for the EU-27 (262 NUTS-II) and for the EU-28 (288 NUTS-II) in terms of the latest available data of GDP per capita in PPS for 2001.
The regional income disparities are discussed by using the most well known measures of regional inequalityi.e., Maximum to Minimum Ratio (MMR), Coefficient of Variation (CV), Relative Mean Deviation (Rw) and Theil Index (T). In case accession of Turkey to the EU, her NUTS-II regions would take an advantage of benefit assistance of the EU regional policy instruments along with the CEECs&rsquo
whereas, the seven NUTS-II regions of current three member states would continue to benefit of this assistance, i.e. 3 NUTS-II regions of Greece, 3 for Portugal and only one NUTS-II region for Spain. In the accession-period of Turkey, which will start accession-negotiations with the EU on 3 October 2005, she should adjust her regional policy and regional development projects in light with the EU regional policy and its financial instruments in order to utilize that advantage.
7
Matei, Diana Viorela. "FDI LOCATION DETERMINANTS in Central and Eastern European Countries." Dissertação, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7522.
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Matei, Diana Viorela. "FDI LOCATION DETERMINANTS in Central and Eastern European Countries." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7522.
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Nilsson, Mao-Wei. "Stock Market And Economic Growth In Central Eastern European Countries." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-26072.
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The initial efforts of transformation to market economies in transaction economy countries are to increase tighter links to modern eastern countries and one of the topics is the stock market. Empirical evidence suggests that the stock market can affect the economic growth. On the other hand, economic growth can affect the investments on the stock market by increasing the expectations of future economic growth. In this paper, I explore the possibility of the reverse causality between the stock market and economic growth in fourteen Central Eastern European (CEE) countries during 1998 to 2009. Mixed evidences indicate that the stock market is exogenous and has a positive effect on the economic growth. However, the results are ambiguous because they depend on the measurement of the stock market and the country settings.
10
Ingianni, Andrea. "Output convergence in the central and eastern European member countries." Thesis, Kingston University, 2010. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20266/.
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This thesis is concerned with the question of whether recently joining member countries are converging on European Union norms for per capita GDP. In par-ticular, we focus on the "convergence debate" that has developed within growth theory. In order to find an answer, we look for a testing framework that is coherent with mainstream theoretical models and we investgate why such convergence may have happened. Firstly, we employ a variety of approaches to test whether economies actually reach a steady state as a consequence of catching-up and we argue that, if this condition is not satisfied, convergence may not happen at all in the long run[sup]1. Secondly, we investigate the role of trade openness, motivated by the failure of early theoretical models to recognize its effects on growth. Again, we give particular attention to the the long-run and the supply-side of our economies. Empirical results suggest that there is evidence of catching up in the period under investigation, but no conclusive indication of long-run convergence. We also observe little signs the latter was caused by intra-EU trade openness which, in turn, helped growth. These findings are evidence that EU policies were effective in the short-run. Therefore, the EU should continue its long-run effort of guiding new members' convergence towards a common steady state. In particular, targeting foreign direct investments, as suggested by the existing literature, may be more effective than focusing on the integration of the EU goods market. Finally, the Solow-Swan growth theory proved a reasonable tool to understand convergence in the enlarged EU, with no compelling need to open the model to trade or endogenize technological progress. [sup]1This conclusion wouid invalidate the predictions of the neoclassical growth model.
11
Guzel, Safinaz. "Health Care Policies In Central And Eastern European Countries And European Integration: Competing Approaches." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611271/index.pdf.
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The objective of this thesis is to examine the nature of health care system
change in the Czech Republic and Hungary after the collapse of communism.
In order to do so, the thesis focuses mainly on Europeanization and New
Institutionalism as competing approaches in explaining domestic changes in
Central and Eastern European Countries. While doing so, first this study tries
to explore whether Europeanization is one of the main determinants in the
transition process of the health care systems of the Czech Republic and
Hungary and discusses the EU-level policies, laws and regulations related to
the health care sector. Second, the study looks through the historical legacy
and path dependency theories as branches of the New Institutionalist
approaches to investigate the transition of the health care systems of case
countries. The review of the related literature and empirical case studies
exhibit that the transformation process of the health care systems of the
Czech Republic and Hungary were possibly affected by many factors and it
would be misleading to attribute all consequences to only one determinant. In
this respect, the main argument is that the Europeanization effect is weak
compared to the New Institutionalism approach in explaining the transition
process of health care systems of Hungary and the Czech Republichowever, there are strong opportunities for EU institutions to shape the future contours v of health care systems and public health programs in Hungary and the Czech Republic.
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Dihel, Nora Carina. "Temporary movements of services providers from Central and Eastern European Countries into the European Union /." [Bucureşti] : Ed. DBH, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013195171&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Bubpasiri, Tipparat. "The fifth enlargement of the European Union : the accession of Central and Eastern European countries." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302543.
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Krutišová, Alena. "Integration of the equity markets in the CEE countries - opportunity for international portfolio diversification." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-96351.
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There are several advantages of capital markets integration, such as increasing overall market liquidity, improving the scope for diversification and risk sharing. Therefore, the European institutions try to boost capital markets integration among the member states. The aim of this empirical paper is to analyse the level of integration of the main equity markets in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria from 2001 until 2010 using an integration score analysis. This methodology was proposed by Akdogan (1996; 1997) and later extended by Barari (2004) and by Birg & Lucey (2006). The paper focuses on the developments of regional and global integration of these countries. Findings from this research can be of interest to investors as well as policy makers because the degree of capital markets integration has important implications for cross-border capital flows, financial management, and for the conduct of monetary policy. The results from this paper suggest that the opportunities for portfolio diversification are diminishing in the CEE countries. The diversification benefits were mainly reduced by the accession to the EU, but they did not completely disappear. The findings showed that the global financial crisis in 2008 brought about a rapid change in integration. Global integration increased during the crises, whereas the regional started to decline after years of rising.
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Kuznetsova, Evgenia. "osition and perspectives of the oil-refining industry - comparison of Central and Eastern European Countries." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76376.
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Being non-renewable source of energy, oil maintains the largest contributor to the energy mix of all counties in the world. Consequently, oil-refining industry is a field of particular concern for the governments and society. This work focuses on oil-refining industry in the countries of Eastern and Central Europe. This topic is very sensitive for CEE counties due to continuously rising energy prices, vulnerability of the supply security and current EC regulations concerning emissions trade and common environment policy. This thesis aims to answer to question what will happen to the industry in CEE counties after implication of new EC regulations and development of the renewable sources of energy. For this purpose, SWOT analysis of the industry in different counties was performed, highlighting major strengths and potential threats. Further analysis describes major mergers and acquisitions in the industry, FDI and current problems of trade imbalance. Particular attention is given to the security of supply and dangerous dependency on the crude oil imports. The results show that some EC policies and regulations could be potentially perilous for the counties which have large crude reserves and developed oil-refining and petrochemical industry, influencing such factors as cost of production and competitiveness of the product in the market. However, further development of renewable sources is often the only option available for the counties with no fossil fuel reserves and poor developed refining infrastructure, aimed to eliminate ever-increasing energy dependency.
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Phelps, Peter. "Euro area enlargement and the prospects for business cycle synchronisation of Central and Eastern European countries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648101.
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Andrews, Johanna. "Facing Obstacles to Change : implementing EU gender equality policies in the Central and Eastern European Countries." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2632.
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On May 1st 2004 the European Union was enlarged with ten new countries. Eight of these share a common background as satellite states of the former Soviet Union and today three more are candidate countries for an EU membership. These countries share a state-communist past. In terms of gender equality this affects the countries’ norms regarding gender and the conception of equality between the sexes. The EU has an outspoken commitment to gender equality and has throughout the years developed a number of Equal Opportunity Policies to combat the problem with gender discrimination within the EU. What happens when the EU is implementing these policies into the former communist countries and norms from two different environments meet? T
he thesis aim to critically review and discuss EU equal opportunity policies concerning the labour market in the former communist countries from perspectives of neo-institutionalist and contemporary feminist theory. The discussion concern obstacles to change and the creation of norms regarding gender equality, and whether the specific background (the communist experience) shared by the countries of the Eastern Europe might have implications for the process.
The thesis uses a multi strategy approach, combining text studies, interviews and quantitative data. The analytical framework consists of concepts relating to change and norm formation from cultural neo-institutionalism and a feminist perspective. The input consists of the present rules and roles in the former communist countries and the existing EU equal opportunity policies. The situation that appears when the perspectives meet is analysed from a critical feminist perspective based on modern debates regarding the east-west dichotomy within the school of feminism. By adding concept of change from the school of cultural neo-institutionalism the situation can be evaluated from a norm creating perspective. This creates an opportunity to discuss potential future scenarios.
The findings of the thesis show that there is a significant difference between the theoretical foundation for a discussion on gender equality between the EU15 and the CEEC11. This is reflected in a lack of gender awareness in the CEEC11 acknowledged by both NGOs and EU officials. The implication of this is that the EU is challenged to make the public aware of the importance of these values. They are forced to create a change in the norms governing gender equality in the CEEC11. However, the findings also show that the EU is somewhat uncritical towards its own role as the norm shaper in the process. There is a need for the European Commission to reflect over the present equal opportunity policies in order to create sustainable change. If the EU fail to do so it will most likely be the uncontested norm-holder and socialisation ceases to be a two way process. The consequence may be ineffective policies.
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Ilcheva, Maria. "Ethnic Groups and Institutions: A Study of Institutional Engineering in Four Central and Eastern European Countries." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/281.
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The issue of institutional engineering has gained a renewed interest with the democratic transitions of the Central and Eastern European countries, as for some states it has become a matter of state survival. The four countries examined in the study – Macedonia, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria – exemplify the difficulty in establishing a stable democratic society in the context of the resurgence of national identity. The success of ethnonational minorities in achieving the desired policies affirming or expanding their rights as a group was conditioned upon the cohesion of the minority as well as the permissiveness of state institutions in terms of participation and representation of minority members. The Hungarian minorities in Slovakia and Romania, the Turkish minority in Bulgaria, and the Albanian minority in Macedonia, formed their political organizations to represent their interests. However, in some cases the divergence of strategies or goals between factions of the minority group seriously impeded its ability to obtain the desired concessions from the majority. The difficulty in the pursuit of policies favoring the expansion of minority rights was further exacerbated in some of the cases by the impermissiveness of political institutions. The political parties representing the interest of ethnonational minorities were allowed to participate in elections, although not without suspicions about their intent and even strong opposition from majority groups, but participation in elections and subsequent representation in legislative bodies did not translate into adoption of the desired policies. The ethnonational minorities’ inability to effectively influence the decision-making process was the result of the inadequacy of democratic institutions to process these demands and channel them through the normal political process in the absence of majority desire to accommodate them. Despite the promise of democratic institutions to bring about a major overhaul of the policies of forceful assimilation and disregard for minority rights, the four cases analyzed in the study demonstrate that in effect ethnonational minorities continued to be at the mercy of the majority, especially if the minority was unable to position itself as a balancing actor.
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Zhelo, Inessa. "Impact of Economic, Political, and Socio-Demographic Factors on the Parliamentary Election Outcomes in Central and Eastern European Countries." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29712.
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This study determines how economic, political, and socio-demographic factors impact the parliamentary election outcomes in central and eastern European countries in transition period. A one-way fixed-effect method has been applied to analyze two main economic models. The dependent variables are share of the Western-oriented and traditional-oriented parties. Data of sixteen countries have been used in the thesis. According to the results of this study, it is possible to conclude that outcomes of parliamentary elections in central and eastern European countries depended on political and socio-demographic factors from I 990-2001. Factors such as loans, received from the United States, per capita in the pre-election year, as a measure of external pressure, and share of agriculture in GDP, as a measure of country`s level of development, demonstrate consistent significance in both variations of the model.
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Samaluk, Barbara. "Racialised 'price tag' : intersectional commodification of Central and Eastern European workers in the UK labour market." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/27207.
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This thesis explores the intersectional commodification of migrant labour from post-socialist EU Accession 8 (A8) countries and its effects on Polish and Slovenian migrant workers in the UK. Using historical and macro socio-economic contexts as its point of departure, the thesis aims to uncover how a postcolonial narrative surrounding A8 countries' transition to market economies and their accession to the EU has legitimised on-going colonial processes that construct A8 countries and their nationals as second class EU citizens and re-evaluate subjectivities in relation to the market. Further, it explores how this narrative has been appropriated by transnational employment agencies that colonise A8 countries and as such play an active role in commodifying A8 workers and supplying them to the UK. Moreover, the thesis sets out specifically to explore how this colonisation and its narrative affect workers' (self)value and emigration from Poland and Slovenia, as well as the value extraction possibilities and strategies of diverse actors involved in transnational labour relations between East and West. Through a transdisciplinary adoption of a Bourdieuian conceptual framework, this research offers an original theoretical and methodological toolkit for complex intersectional analyses that uncovers the multiple and misrecognised power relations associated with embodied categories, spatial and temporal dimensions and varying modalities of knowledge. As such, it uncovers on-going colonial processes that characterise a contemporary post-socialist world marked by changed transnationalised consumption and production processes and the marketization of cultural, diversity and identity politics. In this way, the research uncovers symbolic economy hidden under neoliberal (self)colonisation, which enables strategic utilisation of migrant labour and disciplines, segments and divides the global poor. By providing a broader comparative analysis of diverse actors and A8 groups, the thesis widens our understanding of A8 labour migration to the UK and also leads to insights into the remaking of class, race and gender politics on the local and global scales.
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Stolberg, Cordula. "Economic integration and production structures : the case of the EU-15 and the Central and Eastern European countries." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426311.
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Lipska, Katarzyna. "The effects of 2004 European Union enlargement on mortality development for joining countries." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-92578.
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The life expectancy development during the past 150 years has been remarkable in many parts of the world. These developments, however, have been very different across countries. In Europe, the diverse historical and political changes lead to clusters of regions that followed different mortality developments. The aim of this study was to examine how countries that entered the European Union in 2004 and 2007 differ in terms of mortality from continuous members of the EU and from Eastern European countries that have never joined the EU. Moreover, I studied a possible convergence in mortality indicators between these groups of countries. The data used to explore mortality conditions in those groups of countries was derived from two sources: The Human Mortality Database and European Health for All Database. Descriptive statistics and calculations of average yearly pace of change for groups of countries have been applied for each mortality indicator. Furthermore, regression models have been conducted to estimate the impact of belonging to a country group on mortality indicators, adjusted for some macro-level indicators of economic progress and health expenditure. The results verified previous research implying the importance of period factors which can affect mortality in the short term. For all mortality indicators, accelerated improvements between 1995 and 1999 have been found in countries who became EU members in 2004. Moreover, life expectancy convergence was observed for life expectancy at birth but not for the older ages which could imply that the positive progress affected older ages to smaller degree. My findings confirm the importance of social environment and imply that the process of joining the EU possibly could reduce social stress and affect mortality conditions positively.
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Wu, Xin. "The European Union labor market :opportunities and challenges from the Eastern enlargement." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953684.
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Scott, Jonathan M. "Northern Ireland and Hungarian manufacturing industry : an examination of the effects of accession of central and eastern European countries to the European Union." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274029.
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Szarek, Patrycja. "Corruption and legal methods of fighting it : the European Union policy towards the Central and Eastern European countries before and after the accession." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29390.
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The fight against corruption emerged as one of the most significant issues during the 2004 enlargement and gained even more importance with the accession of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007. This thesis examines the European Union (EU) policy against corruption in the context of the accession of the Central and Eastern European countries in 2004. Its prime objective is to illustrate the differences between EU policy towards existing Member States and the candidate countries in this area. The thesis outlines the legal bases and historical development of the EU anti-corruption framework, and goes on to show that the enlargement process has profoundly transformed this policy framework. It analyses how the fight against corruption became one of the EU membership criteria and explains that accession policy forced the EU to create new institutions and mechanisms to address the problem of corruption within the candidate countries. The thesis also argues that the experience gained by the EU in the 2004 accession led to a more robust anti-corruption stance during the accession of Bulgaria and Romania and will have implications for any future enlargements of the EU. However, the thesis further points at the limited nature of the anti-corruption framework that applies to existing Member States and argues that it does not respond to the urgent need to enhance anti-corruption standards within the EU. The thesis suggests that the EU should use the experience gained within the pre-accession process to develop a more coherent framework that would promote higher anti-corruption standards among Member States.
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Onaran, Özlem. "Jobless growth in the Central and Eastern European Countries. A country specific panel data analysis for the manufacturing industry." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/372/1/document.pdf.
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This paper estimates a labor demand equation based on the panel data of manufacturing industry in the Central and Eastern European Countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, and Romania) in order to test the effect of domestic factors (wages and output) and international factors (exports, imports, and FDI) on employment during the era of post -transition recovery. The findings indicate that employment does not respond to wages in more than half of the cases. The output elasticity of labor demand is mostly positive, but low, with a number of cases where employment is completely de-linked from output. An impressive speed of integration to the European economic sphere through FDI and international trade has not prevented job losses in the manufacturing industry. While there are very few cases of positive effects, insignificant effects of trade and FDI dominate the findings with some evidence of negative effects as well. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Ju, Hao [Verfasser]. "Economics and Elections: Analysis of Economic Voting in Central and Eastern European Countries during the Post-communist Era / Hao Ju." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/110979052X/34.
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Voytsekhivskyy, Anatoliy. "Chinese investments in Eastern Europe." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16835.
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The goal of this thesis is to provide comprehensive set of information about Chinese investment abroad policy and its approach to Eastern Europe. Introduction and first chapters describe China as a developing country which is trying to diversify its large foreign reserves, and actively to penetrate into foreign markets. Then thesis focuses on Chinese regional investment experience. Natural resources and commodities are prime targets for China in Africa. Meanwhile, Western Europe is perceived as an opportunity to gain knowhow and management experience as well as access to developed markets. Last chapters are devoted to the investment partnership between China and CEE countries and are focused on CEE attractiveness for Chinese corporations. China invests in high tech, telecommunication, automotive, machinery, food and construction industries in Eastern Europe.
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Martínez, Galán Enrique. "The eastern enlargement of the European Union and the cohesion countries: commodity composition of trade in manufactures and trade potential." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/626.
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Mestrado em Economia e Estudos EuropeusIn order to evaluate the trade potential of the Cohesion Countries (CC) with the remaining EU11 countries in the threshold of the eastern enlargement of the European Union, as well as with the CC relations with the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC), we use a gravity model. The manufacturing trade potential related to the twenty-five countries involved in the eastern enlargement of the EU15 is hence calculated from 1999 to 2002. Special attention is paid to this enlargement's effect on the CC within this approach. Relatively to previous studies with this same methodological approach, this dissertation is, to the best of our knowledge, the first combining a trade potential based on the gravity model with the inclusion of a variable related to the Commodity Composition of Trade (CCT) in terms of manufactures. Several CCT variables were tested for the available data, taking into consideration high levels of disaggregation. Finally, having in consideration the latest academic debate in course, we analysed and tested all the methodological contributions recently proposed in the literature as regards to the improvement of the econometric specification of the gravity model, namely making use of the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood Estimator. The refinement of the explanatory variables considered in the analysis, specifically those related to the distance measurement, as well as the introduction of new variables, were also taken into consideration.
Com o intuito de avaliar o potencial de comércio existente entre os Países da Coesão e os restantes países membros da UE15 no limiar do alargamento desta última a leste e, de igual forma, entre os PC e os denominados como Países da Europa Central e Oriental (PECO), fazemos uso de um modelo gravitacional. Assim, o potencial de comércio em termos de manufacturas relacionado com os vinte e cinco países envolvidos no processo do alargamento a Leste da UE15 foi calculado, nesta dissertação, no que diz respeito ao período que medeia entre 1999 e 2002. Neste contexto, especial atenção foi colocada nos efeitos específicos deste alargamento nos Países da Coesão. Relativamente aos estudos prévios que fazem uso desta mesma abordagem metodológica, esta dissertação é, segundo a nossa percepção, a primeira a combinar o cálculo do potencial de comércio, tendo por base um modelo gravitacional, com a inclusão, neste último, de uma variável relativa à Composição do Comércio em Manufacturas (CCM). Vários indicadores da CCM foram, a este respeito, testados a partir dos dados disponíveis e fazendo uso de níveis detalhados de decomposição. Finalmente, aprofundar-se-á o debate em curso, quer em termos empíricos, quer em termos académicos, através da análise e teste das mais recentes contribuições propostas no que diz respeito à melhoria da especificação econométrica do modelo gravitacional, nomeadamente com recurso ao Pseudo-estimador de Máxima Verosimilhança do Tipo Poisson. O refinamento das variáveis explicativas consideradas na análise, especificamente aquelas relacionadas com a mensuração da variável distância, e a introdução de novas variáveis foram igualmente abordadas.
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Sedelmeier, Ulrich. "The European Union's association policy towards the countries of Central and Eastern Europe : collective EU identity and policy paradigms in a composite policy." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263913.
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Leibrecht, Markus, and Aleksandra Riedl. "Taxes and infrastructure as determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Central and Eastern European Countries revisited: New evidence from a spatially augmented gravity model." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/2949/1/workingpaper42_leibrecht_online.pdf.
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A bulk of empirical literature has emerged that explores the role of various location factors as determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs). A notable feature of these studies is that their empirical approaches abstract from third-country (spatial) effects in FDI across the home and host country dimensions. Neglecting these effects could bias
results concerning the role of location factors for attracting FDI. This in turn may lead to misguided economic policy conclusions. The current paper adds to the literature by applying the recently proposed spatial "origin-destinationow model" of LeSage and Pace (2008) to FDI ows from 7 Western OECD home countries to 8 CEE host countries. Controlling for country-pair and time effects our results indicate that (a) spatial interactions across the host country dimension matter for FDI revealing that vertical complex FDI ows dominate total FDI
ows to CEECs; (b) spatial autocorrelation in the home country dimension is absent; (c) results of previous studies remain valid as coefficient estimates on location factors change only slightly when spatial interdependencies are considered and (d) effective corporate income taxes and the endowment with production-related material infrastruc-
ture are statistically and economically signifficant determinants of FDI in CEECs. (author's abstract)Series: Discussion Papers SFB International Tax Coordination
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Charrier, Ines. "Opportunities of Internationalization of French Small and Medium Enterprises in Russia and Central/Eastern Europe." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74247.
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Only one third of the French SMEs are going abroad. However, this option can be an opportunity for the enterprises to extend their growth. The Chinese market is often designated to be the best place to invest. Nevertheless, it is far from France geographically and culturally. Russia and Central/Eastern Europe represent for French SMEs huge and frequently unknown markets, closed to France with all the benefice of their accession to the European Union. These regions have economic and demographic potentials because of their singular history. The study of these countries will show the possible market development in which the French companies and specially SMEs have competences and know-how highly valuable in these markets. Furthermore, the European and French incentives for SMEs and the support of different organizations are additional assets to facilitate the internationalization.
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Šerić, Adnan. "Three empirical essays on determinants of industry and investment location patterns in the context of economic transition and regional integration : the evidence from Central and Eastern European countries." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2098.
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The factor determinants of industry and investment location patterns in transition economies can be expected to differ from those frequently observed in developed countries. Historically, centrally planned economies have suffered from inefficient industrial policies that are generally assumed to have had distortive effects on spatial location of industry. The process of economic transition and regional integration that followed the demise of socialist structures is assumed to have subsequently affected the geographical distribution of economic activities within and between countries of the region. Given the above this thesis capitalises on the quasi-natural experiment setting to further explore industry and investment location decisions in transition economies. In particular, the research presented here follows three main objectives. First, it intends to provide a comprehensive picture of changes in industry location patterns over time. Second, it aims to contribute to the debate on factor determinants of industry location at various levels of spatial aggregation. Third, it seeks to explore location determinants of foreign direct investors in particular, given their pivotal role for economic development of transition economies. In all instances, the research is geared towards a better understanding of the role of institutional factors, such as reforms and policies, in affecting distribution of economic activity across space. Thus, the work conducted qualifies as a further contribution to the analysis of structural changes that have affected the economies under examination. In broad terms, the findings presented here point towards significant changes in spatial location patterns of industry and investments that are leading to increased polarisation of economic landscape over time. Nonetheless, we find evidence that certain institutional factors qualify as viable policy levers, thereby providing ample scope for policy makers to impact existing location patterns of economic activity.
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Carvalho, Alexandre Miguel de Oliveira. "Determinantes do investimento directo estrangeiro em economias em processo de transição para um sistema de mercado : uma avaliação econométrica aplicada à Hungria e à República Checa." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3631.
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Mestrado em Economia InternacionalEste trabalho recorre à estimação econométrica no quadro dos modelos gravitacionais para averiguar as determinantes dos fluxos de investimento directo estrangeiro dirigidos a dois países da Europa Central e Oriental: a Hungria e a República Checa. São aqui testadas em simultâneo diversas hipóteses levantadas pela teoria da produção internacional relativas, quer à localização dos investimentos quer aos factores de indução da saída de capitais. Depois de descrito o padrão geral dos fluxos de IDE para a Europa Central e Oriental e de caracterizadas as condições económicas e políticas para os dois países em estudo, são retiradas conclusões relativas aos fluxos internacionais de capitais que podem ser interpretadas num âmbito geográfico mais alargado. Conclui-se que as causas económicas apenas explicam uma parcela do IDE e que a abordagem deste fenómeno esta deve ser complementada com factores de natureza cultural, social e do comportamento e estratégia empresarial quando se pretende conceber um quadro genérico das determinantes do IDE.
This works uses an econometric analysis in the framework of the gravitational models in order to investigate the determining factors of foreign direct investment directed towards two Central and Eastern Europe countries: Hungary and the Czech Republic. Several hypothesis issued by the theory of international production are here tested concerning, simultaneously the location of the investments and the factors which lead to the outflow of capitals. After a general description of the pattern of FDI flows into Central and Eastern Europe economies and the characterisation of the political and economic conditions of the countries in appraisal, conclusions are withdrawn about international flows of capital, that can be interpreted in a wider geographical perspective. We come to the conclusion that economical causes are only able to explain a small share of FDI and that those must be approached together with cultural, social and firm's behavioural and strategic factors when we aim attaining an overall picture of the determinants of the FDI.
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Matei, Tatiana. "Vývoj a současnost ekonomiky Rumunska a jeho postavení v EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75341.
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With regard to European Union joining, Romania and Eastern European region have much more attention of the rest of the world. Romania became a phenomenon of Balkan Peninsula during last five years. The aim of the thesis is to describe economic development of Romania before its admission to European Communities and summarize its current economic position in the Union. A part of the thesis is devoted to romanian market environment and assesses especially its attractivity in consideration of the Czech republic.
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Tschirky, Anja. "The Council of Europe's activities in the judicial field : the contribution of council of europe bodies to defining and implementing judicial independence and impartiality within judicial systems of central and eastern european countries." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA4034.
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Cette thèse vise à permettre au lecteur de se faire une idée de la contribution du Conseil de l’Europe, la plus ancienne organisation intergouvernementale paneuropéenne, à la définition des standards qui garantissent l’indépendance de la justice et l’impartialité des juges. En outre, sont présentés des procédures et instruments que les acteurs du Conseil de l’Europe appliquent pour propager et établir des systèmes judiciaires basés sur la prééminence du droit. Une étude de cas sur la République d’Albanie montre dans la pratique le succès de l’organisation strasbourgeoise dans la mise en place et la consolidation d’une justice indépendante où siègent des juges impartiaux. Les résultats de cette étude fournissent des réponses sur le rôle de l’organisation et l’importance de la présence des organes strasbourgeois dans d’anciens pays communistes en Europe. Pour conclure, sont discutés les points faibles portant atteinte à l’autorité, l’efficacité et la visibilité du Conseil de l’Europe et des réformes nécessairesThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is to enable the reader to appreciate the Council of Europe’s contribution to defining standards related to the principles of judicial independence and impartiality, and to creating and strengthening law-based court systems within Europe. Furthermore, procedures and tools are presented which Council of Europe bodies apply to propagate and implement judicial systems based on the rule of law. A case study on the Republic of Albania illustrates the success of the Organisation seated in Strasbourg in introducing and consolidating an independent judiciary where impartial judges hold office. The results of this case study give answers to the role of the Organisation and the important presence of Strasbourg bodies in former communist countries in Europe. In conclusion, this study highlights deficits undermining the authority, efficiency and visibility of the Council of Europe and calls for their reform
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Jacinto, Ana Cristina dos Santos. "O alargamento da União Europeia a leste e o investimento directo estrangeiro em Portugal e nos novos membros - determinantes de localização e deslocalização de empresas: avaliação econométrica dos determinantes de atracção do IDE aplicada a Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1025.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialCom o novo alargamento da União Europeia a Leste colocam-se alguns desafios a Portugal. Esses desafios são de variada ordem, abordando-se neste trabalho alguns relativos à capacidade de atracção de Investimento Directo Estrangeiro. Para tal, abordam-se temas que vão desde o próprio padrão de especialização da economia portuguesa, a sua evolução temporal, a evolução da abertura do país aos investimentos internacionais e os seus determinantes de atracção. Ao longo do trabalho tenta-se estabelecer um paralelo entre a realidade da economia portuguesa com a dos PECO, procurando-se, sempre que possível, identificar alguns aspectos de "conflito" e "ameaça" para Portugal. Em relação aos fluxos de entrada de IDE em Portugal, este trabalho recorre à estimação econométrica de alguns dos factores que estimulam/condicionam estes para os principais investidores estrangeiros em Portugal e para os anos de 1998 a 2002, tendo como base os fundamentos teóricos do IDE.
The new enlargement of the European Union to the East will result in new challenges for Portugal. These challenges vary in order according to the capacity to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). For this to happen, we must question themes such as the specialization pattern of the Portuguese economy, its evolution, the evolution of the country to international investments ant their attracting attributed. We also try to establish a parallel between the reality of the Portuguese economy and CEEC, in doing this, we try whenever as possible to identify any "conflicts" or "threats" to Portugal. In relation to inflows of FDI in Portugal, in this work we run an econometric estimation of certain factors that might stimulate/condition these flows for the main foreign investors in Portugal from 1998 to 2002, based upon the fundamental theories of the FDI.
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Purcel, Alexandra-Anca. "Economic Development and Environmental Quality Nexus in Developing and Transition Economies." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD013.
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Cette thèse aborde l'un des sujets les plus discutés et en vogue dans le domaine de l'économie, à savoir le lien entre le développement économique et la qualité environnementale. En particulier, on met l’accent sur les effets du développement économique—tant dans ses dimensions économique, sociale que politique—sur la qualité de l'environnement pour les économies en développement et en transition. Le chapitre I, divisé en trois phases clés, à savoir la revue de la littérature théorique, la partie empirique et la revue de la littérature empirique, contribue à la littérature en donnant diverses informations sur le lien entre la croissance économique et la pollution de l'environnement dans les économies en développement et en transition. Globalement, les résultats révèlent que des études empiriques récentes, parvenant à réduire certaines lacunes suggérées par la théorie, pourraient en effet indiquer un certain consensus sur la relation entre la croissance et la pollution, à savoir la validité de l'hypothèse de la Courbe de Kuznets Environnementale (CKE). Le chapitre II examine le lien pollution-croissance dans les pays d'Europe Centrale et Orientale (PECO), en ajoutant à la littérature empirique l’utilisation de l'hypothèse étendue de l'CKE comme cadre théorique. D'une part, il révèle un lien de croissance non linéaire entre le PIB et le CO2 agrégé, qui est fortement robuste pour différents estimateurs et variables de contrôle. En revanche, l'analyse au niveau des pays révèle que la relation entre le PIB et le CO2 se caractérise par une grande diversité dans les PECO. Ainsi, malgré une tendance globale à la hausse, certains PECO ont réussi à assurer à la fois un PIB plus élevé et une réduction des émissions de CO2. Du point de vue politique, les décideurs de l'UE pourraient accorder plus d'attention à ces pays, c'est-à-dire envisager une intégration plus rigoureuse des hétérogénéités des pays et, en même temps, soutenir la croissance économique sans nuire à l'environnement. Le chapitre III étudie la réponse des émissions de CO2 agrégées et sectorielles résultant des perturbations externes du PIB et de l'urbanisation, en supposant un canal de transmission qui intègre deux des éléments clés utilisés dans la lutte contre la dégradation de l'environnement—les énergies renouvelables et l'efficacité énergétique. Les résultats, robustes à plusieurs spécifications alternatives, indiquent que la production globale, l'urbanisation et l'intensité énergétique augmentent les émissions totales de CO2, tandis que les énergies renouvelables ont l'effet inverse. Par ailleurs, en ce qui concerne la réponse du CO2 aux chocs de production et d'urbanisation, le modèle suggère que ces pays atteindront le seuil maximum qui conduirait à un changement de la tendance des émissions à la baisse. Cependant, les résultats varient en fonction du niveau de revenu et du statut des pays sur la ratification/l'adhésion au Protocole de Kyoto. Ensuite, l'analyse sectorielle montre que les transports, les bâtiments et les secteurs non-combustion sont plus susceptibles de contribuer à l'augmentation des niveaux futurs de CO2. En général, ce chapitre peut fournir des informations précieuses sur les perspectives de durabilité environnementale dans les pays en développement. Le chapitre IV explore les effets de la stabilité politique sur la dégradation de l'environnement, donnant une perspective renouvelée sur ce sujet dans les pays en développement. Il montre qu'une évolution non linéaire en forme de cloche décrit la relation entre les variables au niveau agrégé. De plus, bien que ce résultat reste stable pour plusieurs spécifications alternatives, nous identifions des hétérogénéités significatives dans les caractéristiques distinctes des pays et les mesures alternatives de pollution. En outre, des estimations désagrégées révèlent des schémas contrastés pour la relation entre le CO2 et la stabilité politique. (...)This thesis tackles one of the most debatable and in vogue topics in economics, namely the economic development and environmental quality nexus. Notably, it studies the economic development's effects—in terms of its economic, social, and political dimensions—on the environmental quality for developing and transition economies. Chapter I, which is divided into three key phases, namely theoretical review, empirical exercise, and empirical review, contributes to the literature by giving various insights regarding the link between economic growth and environmental pollution in developing and transition economies. Overall, it reveals that the recent empirical studies, indeed, succeeding to curtail some of the deficiencies suggested by theoretical contributions, might indicate a certain consensus regarding pollution-growth nexus and Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis validity. Chapter II examines the pollution-growth nexus in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, adding to the related empirical literature using the extended EKC hypothesis as a theoretical background. On the one hand, it unveils an increasing nonlinear link between GDP and CO2 at the aggregate level, which is powerfully robust to different estimators and control variables. On the other hand, the country-level analysis reveals that the relationship between GDP and CO2 is characterized by much diversity among CEE countries. Thus, despite an aggregated upward trend, some CEE countries managed to secure both higher GDP and lower CO2 emissions. From a policy perspective, EU policymakers could pay more attention to these countries and amend the current unique environmental policy to account for country-heterogeneities to support economic growth without damaging the environment. Chapter III investigates the aggregated and sector-specific CO2 emissions' responsiveness following exogenous shocks to growth and urbanization, considering a transmission scheme that incorporates two of the widely used instruments in mitigating environmental degradation—renewables and energy efficiency. First, robust to several alternative specifications, the results indicate that output, urbanization, and energy intensity increase the aggregated CO2 emissions, while renewable energy exhibits an opposite effect. Moreover, regarding the CO2 responsiveness in the aftermath of output and urbanization shocks, the pattern may suggest that these countries are likely to attain the threshold that would trigger a decline in CO2 emissions. However, the findings are sensitive to both countries' economic development and Kyoto Protocol ratification/ascension status. Second, the sector-specific analysis unveils that the transportation, buildings, and non-combustion sector exhibits a higher propensity to increase the future CO2 levels. Generally, this chapter may provide useful insights concerning environmental sustainability prospects in developing states. Chapter IV explores the effects of political stability on environmental degradation, giving a renewed perspective on this topic in developing states. It shows that a nonlinear, bell-shaped pattern characterizes the relationship between variables at the aggregate level. Moreover, while this result is robust to a broad set of alternative specifications, significant heterogeneities are found regarding countries' distinct characteristics and alternative pollution measures. Besides, the country-specific estimates unveil contrasting patterns regarding the relationship between CO2 and political stability. Broadly speaking, the findings suggest that both the formal and informal sides of political stability play a vital role in mitigating CO2 pollution in developing countries, and may provide meaningful insights for policymakers. (...)
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Matei, Diana Viorela. "FDI LOCATION DETERMINANTS in Central and Eastern European Countries." Dissertação, 2006. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/112851.
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Matei, Diana Viorela. "FDI LOCATION DETERMINANTS in Central and Eastern European Countries." Master's thesis, 2008. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/112851.
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Gurbulea, Mihaela. "The Determinants of Inflation Differentials across Central and Eastern European Countries." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347202.
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The thesis aims at identifying the reasons behind the heterogeneous inflation performance of countries across Central and Eastern Europe. The impact of a large number of variables is being assessed in a dynamic panel data model covering 20 countries over the period 2003-2013. The empirical results suggest that cross-country differences in inflation are attributed to the structure of the economy, to the capital deepening effects and openness. Along with the structural factors, cyclical positions also prove to be of particular importance in explaining inflation across the region, since during the last decade most of the Central and Eastern European countries have experienced fast GDP growth, a credit boom and increased domestic demand that in turn fueled inflation.
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Auza, Katrina Anna. "Dissertation: INCOME INEQUALITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN TRANSITION COUNTRIES." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94432.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Economia apresentada à Faculdade de EconomiaEvidence from countries transitioning to market economy regarding income inequality and growth relationship is scarce and inconclusive. The paper sets to analyse the phenomenon in 10 countries from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) that accessed European Union in 2004 and 2007, highlighting two aspects: (1) the link between income inequality and economic growth; (2) the redistributive policies governments have taken to balance economic growth with income inequality levels. Different income inequality – growth transmission mechanisms are reviewed, and an overview of policies during the transition to a market economy and during the global financial crisis is given. Unified credit market imperfection and fiscal policy inequality – growth nonlinear models are tested empirically using auto distributive lag regression with market income data from 1995 to 2017 for CEE as an idiosyncratic region and disaggregated by average income inequality into two country groups. Empirical results are not robust but suggest that income inequality affects economic growth through various channels, and income inequality measures focusing on changes in the middle-income have strong explanatory power. Government expenditure and urbanisation have negative effects on growth, but the region is not idiosyncratic in respect due to different regional policies during the transition. Results from the policy literature overview suggest that the liberal and productivist welfare policies governments have undertaken during recessions of market transition in the 1990s and global economic crisis in 2008–2010 have been accompanied by redistributive policies, depending on budget availability, but have failed to support vulnerable groups, as well as have been transferred not accounting for specific circumstances of recipient countries. Governments should undertake a social investment policy approach to tackle inequalities and promote inclusive growth for sustained long-run growth.
A evidência dos países em transição para economias de mercado no que toca à relação da desigualdade de rendimentos com o crescimento económico é preocupante e inconclusivo. A tese assenta na análise do fenómeno da desigualdade em dez países da Europa Central e Oriental (CEE), que aderiram à União Europeia em 2004 e 2007. Destacam-se dois aspetos: (1) a ligação entre a desigualdade económica e o crescimento económico; e (2) as políticas redistributivas que os governos adotaram na tentativa de equilibrar o crescimento económico com os níveis de desigualdade de rendimentos. São revistos os mecanismos de transmissão da desigualdade de rendimentos ao crescimento económico e é dada uma visão geral das políticas aplicadas durante a transição para a economia do mercado e durante a crise financeira global. As imperfeições do mercado de crédito e desigualdade da política orçamental são analisadas através de modelos não lineares de crescimento e são testadas empiricamente utilizando a técnica econométrica do modelo de distribuição autorregressiva desfasada, para o os dados do rendimento no período de 1995 a 2017, para a CEE como região idiossincrática e desagregados pela desigualdade média do rendimento em dois grupos de países. Os gastos do governo e a urbanização têm um efeito negativo sobre o crescimento económico, mas a região não é idiossincrática relativamente a esse fenómeno, esse fenómeno pode ser o resultado de diferentes políticas regionais durante levadas acabo durante a fase de transição. Os resultados empíricos sugerem que a desigualdade do rendimento afeta o crescimento económico em vários aspetos. As medidas de desigualdade de rendimento, focando-se nas mudanças no rendimento médio, têm um forte poder explicativo. Os resultados da revisão da literatura sugerem que as políticas liberais e produtivistas do bem-estar dos governos, empreendidas durante as recessões da transição dos mercados em 1990 e a crise económica global de 2008-2010, foram acompanhadas por políticas redistributivas, dependentes das disponibilidades orçamentais, mas falharam no apoio aos grupos vulneráveis, bem como foram feitas transferências sem considerar as circunstâncias específicas dos países. Para um crescimento sustentado a longo prazo, os governos devem empreender uma abordagem política de investimento social para combater as desigualdades e promover um crescimento inclusivo.
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Shih, Yu-Chieh, and 施玉婕. "A Comparative Analysis between Russia’s Pension System Reform and Those in Central And Eastern European Countries." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27241890476813094174.
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碩士淡江大學
俄羅斯研究所碩士班
98
In the 1990s, Russia and Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, three countries in Central and Eastern Europe, experienced economic and political changes. As their original social security systems couldn’t meet socio-economic changes due to the impact from economic reforms and population structures, and in order to continue the sustainable development of pension systems, these four countries had successively made pension system reforms. Under the background that Russia has similar political and economic reforms with Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, this study didn’t only explore the historical development, contents and lacks in each country’s system, but also tried to know the similarities and differences of the new systems after reform with the old ones through comparative analyses. By means of comparative analyses, this study reached the following main conclusions: (1) All of the system reforms were turned into multi-pillar from single-pillar, and adopted the dual-structure paralleling old and new systems; (2) Russia, Czech and Poland defined the participants based on age, while Hungary defined the standard based on the time of entering labor market; (3) The supervision authority was structured into two levels, with one in charge of system planning and supervision, and the other specially in charge of the supervision operations of fund companies; (4) Except Russia, Czech, Hungary and Poland had adjusted their statutory retirement age. Besides, Russia and Poland have greatest differences in statutory retirement age defined by gender, followed by Czech Republic. But Hungary has no difference in it; (5) Russia and Hungary are confronted with the issue of over-concentrated investment from fund companies; (6) In order to encourage laborers to participate in voluntary retirement insurance planning, these four countries provide relevant schemes on tax preference or subsidies.
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Huang, Jui-Hsiang, and 黃睿詳. "The Determinants of Economic Growth of Central and Eastern European Countries: From an Economic Integration Perspective." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75396283704106923648.
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碩士國立成功大學
政治經濟學研究所
94
This paper intends to probe into the determinants of economic growth in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) which officially joined the European Union (EU) in 2004. While the economic transition started in the early 1990s, CEECs have been facing the structural reforms and the integration with European Union. Hence, the paper uses both domestic and external economic variables to examine which were the most decisive factors of economic growth in the CEECs during the period of economic transition. Those external economic variables include growth rates of foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports, and the average economic growth rate of EU15; the domestic variables are the enrollment rate of tertiary education, the ratio of gross fixed capital formation to GDP, the growth rate of employment and the index of economic freedom. Subject to the time series data availability, the paper applies the panel data from 1993 to 2004 to the fixed effect model. The first-order autocorrelation (AR(1)) and the cross section seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) are employed to mitigate the problems of autocorrelation and heterogeneity. The empirical results suggest that the external economic factors such as the growth of foreign direct investment as well as exports insert significant positive influences on the economic growth of CEECs. Besides, the results also show that domestic variables such as the enrollment rate of tertiary, gross fixed capital formation/GDP, employment growth rate and economic freedom provide a better environment for economic activities, therefore benefit the economic growth of CEECs. In conclusions, both the openness of economic and the structural reforms promote the economic growth of CEECs during the period of economic transition.
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Kusak, Wojciech Krzysztof, and 沃鐵克. "Impact of Cooperation of China and Central Eastern European Countries - Gateway to Europe or Backdoor to Revisionism?" Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yg7ewc.
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博士國立政治大學
亞太研究英語博士學位學程(IDAS)
107
There is an ongoing academic debate over the rise of China, and its impact on the future international landscape. What can be observed in the past two decades, is that China increased its skills to navigate the complex political landscapes of selected states and regional platforms, including localized forms of multilateralism (or so-called multi-bilateralism). These platforms can be claimed to work towards the re-conceptualization of China’s rise in Europe, and a larger global scale. One of the significant grounds of this phenomenon is the engagement between China and Europe. The comprehensive cooperation between China and the EU started over a decade ago in the belief that its strategic engagement with Beijing will influence it on the domestic and foreign policy arena, to the image desired by the European continent. In the past 10 years, the stated relationship was based on the policy of so-called unconditional engagement, which meant nothing more than allowing China to have a chance of making one-sided use of all its liberties and market rules governing countries within the EU. One of the turning points of that relationships was the 2008 financial crisis, which while putting more pressure on Beijing to support the stability of the international governance systems, gave the country (rich in financial means) a chance to increase its engagement with its neighboring countries, and started a new chapter in its political and economic relationships around the globe, including Europe. Questions asked in regards to these relationships are largely bipolar, and generally depend on the perspective of China and the West. This view, on the European side, poses a degree of fragmentation, largely associated with differences in the conceptualization of understanding of a strategic bilateral relationship, bilateral relationships of individual stakeholders, regional engagement, and the different platforms of implementation of policies on the two continents. Among stated differences, one important issue is how to uphold the necessary level of regional political independence of Europe, and how to accommodate sub-regional engagement of China in line with “building of new international relations of new era” on one side, and the commitment to the Western world order based on the widely accepted values and present form of international governance system on the other. The second half of 2010’s witnessed an increase in cross-regional multi-bilateral (or multilateral) formats, including areas of South-East Asia, Caribbean, Africa, and Europe that are often based on the perception of policymakers in Beijing. They can contribute to the simplification of China’s policy implementation in the areas of geographic and political significance to China, especially in the neighborhood regions to its “major-country diplomacy” fronts (Russia, European Union, and the U.S.). One of first of such formats is the Cooperation between China and Central Eastern European Countries, or 16+1, which became an important element in the Sino-European landscape. In a nutshell, this research aims to determine and assess the concepts and structure of stated multi-bilateral 16+1 cooperation, located in the frontline of the West versus East relations. The questions being asked during this research are related to the impact of Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries, with the application of additional theoretical framework – utilizing elements of the neo-tributary perspective of international relations – that may help to assess 16+1 role in Chinese revisionism of contemporary international relations. The main research question is what impact the China-CEEC Cooperation generates on the development of the cross-regional EU-China strategic partnership, therefore is it complementary, constitutes a part of the wider sub-regional relationship between European Community and PRC, or perhaps on contrary creates negative impact or no impact at all. The time perspective of the research centered between 2012 (the year of mechanism establishment) and the end of the first quarter of 2019 (8th China-CEEC Summit). The first 7 years before the first mechanism enlargement by accepting Greece as a “full-fledged member” it’s also the time that ended the “16+1” and started the “17+1” cooperation. There are three levels of analysis applied in this work, exploring the Belt and Road, 16+1 sub-regional engagement and bilateral relationships within the title process, with the use of theories of complex interdependence, neo-liberalism, ideas of regionalism and thoughts on neo-functionalism. It aims to assess the stake in support of the new international relations of China and explore the impact of 16+1 process on the EU-China relationship. Since it is discussing an ongoing process, it does not aim at providing a definitive conclusion, but rather streamline the first stage of 16+1 presence. The first level of analysis streamlines the ideas behind the largest outside platform of external engagement of China, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It draws the shared elements between that initiative and 16+1 explaining the contemporary shifts influencing certain political courses that are discussed over the following pages. The second level is based on an analysis of the 16+1 cooperation mechanism itself from the (multilateral) regional level. It assesses its multi-bilateral nature, and present conditions calling for a new form of sub-regionalization explained in institutionalization pieces of evidence of a discussed cooperation format. The third level touches upon the bilateral aspects of cooperation between China and CEEC’s, with the EU implications, to allow in the assessment of the impact on the cross-regional overall relationship. The last part is the analysis of findings from the stated three levels of analysis based on two frameworks, of which one underlines the impact of the 16+1 cooperation and the other one help to contextualize a claimed presence of China’s revisionism in Europe. The above steps may also help to evaluate whether any preliminary motives originally existed as the objective of this mechanism and if they serve a wider purpose in the context of the whole Eurasian landmass.
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Liu, Nan-Jun, and 劉南均. "The Political Economy of the Relations between Taiwan and the Central and Eastern European Countries, 1990-2014." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52633381439887514184.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
102
Due to differential paces of political and economic developments of the Central and Eastern Countries, and limited diplomatic resources at Taiwan’s disposal, a rational choice should be made by Taiwan in developing its relations with the Central and Eastern Countries to maximize its benefits of the national interest. Based on accounts mentioned above, there would be four divided groups among the Central and Eastern Countries as subjects of the thesis, such as the Visegrad Group (Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia, V4), the Baltic Countries (Lithuanian, Latvia and Estonia), 4 EU Balkan Countries (Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria and Croatia), and 6 non-EU Balkan Countries (Serbia, Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo). The thesis would like to sort out and interpret by structural perspective the political economy context of the evolution of the relations between Taiwan and the Central and Eastern Countries, from the periods of Eastern European Democratization, through the break-up of the Soviet Union, and the EU eastward enlargement. Under the hypothesis of prior target policy, the thesis considers that the basis of the relations between Taiwan and the Central and Eastern Countries should still be constructed by three approaches. First, Taiwan should continue deepening its relations with V4, then promote its relations with the Baltic Countries, and set up a representative office in Balkan Region as soon as possible. The conclusion of the thesis has found: a. the model of relations of Taiwan and V4, which serves as a reference to build relations with any Balkan country, is workable; b. while promoting its relations with the Baltic Countries, Taiwan could take them as a whole and develop its relations with individual Baltic Country under the cost-benefit consideration, based on specific advantages such as political, trade and scientific areas. Besides, Taiwan should assist its businessmen in handling the Baltic’s geographical advantage to run businesses in both Northern European Countries and Russia’s markets; c. running Balkan should be particularly advantageous to having good access to energy and sharing its potential wealth, whilst it could be also taken into part of Taiwan’s grand strategy toward Europe. Taiwan had been developing its relations with the Central and Eastern Countries for nearly 25 years since, it is a good moment for Taiwan to review its current policy. Some policy suggestions would like to be offered from the thesis as following: a. running Balkan should be taken as a new Central and Eastern Countries for Taiwan; b. setting up an official representative institution of Taiwan in Balkan Region should be done as soon as possible; c. relations with the Balkan Countries for Taiwan could be developed by ‘dual-B drive’, in other words, through Brussels and Budapest.
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張仲勛. "Studies of Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries under China's One Belt One Road Initiative." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4xq3ku.
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Tufis, Paula Andreea. "Effects of socio-political systems and economic development on status attainment: former socialist Central and Eastern European countries in comparison to Western capitalist countries /." 2007. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-2159/index.html.
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Zhao, Lulu. "Vztah mezi přístupem k finančním zdrojům a růstem malých a středních podniků v rozvíjejících se trzích." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-438718.
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By using the cross-sectional data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey, this dissertation selects a sample of over 3000 firms from 16 Central and Eastern European countries during the 2008 financial crisis, to assess (1) How effective priori classifications are to identify financially constrained and unconstrained firms in times of economic recession (2) What the main robust determinants are at the firm and country-level that affect SMEs' degree of financing obstacles (3) What experiences and lessons we can learn from 2008 crisis to combat with 2020 and future emerging recession. Our evidence indicates that during the economic crisis happened in 2008, size, industry, ownership and EU dummy are useful priori classifications while distinguishing firms' different degree to financing troubles, although some of other priori classifications appeared on other literature are ineffective. Smaller firms, foreign-owned and firms in manufacturing are more likely to report the financing trouble and have less access to formal sources of finance. However, government-owned firms and firms with adequate educated workers are less likely to be financially constraint. The result confirms that economic freedom, financial market and trade integration all have a significant relationship with SMEs' access to finance. For...
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Zhai, Dongyu. "Desekuritizace a strategické narativy: čínská iniciativa 16/17+1 cílící na země střední a východní Evropy." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-438861.
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This dissertation uses Critical Discourse Analysis to examine China's strategic use of desecuritised language in its 16/17+1 foreign policy targeting the Central and Eastern European (CEE) region. Through the lens of securitisation theory and strategic narratives, the analysis suggests that China's foreign policy narrative targeting the CEE countries is strategic in nature and is a representation of China's ambition to form a new global order. As such, the desecuritisation strategies are used instrumentally to alleviate 'China threat' perception, increase the attractiveness of China in the region, and to further achieve its economic and geopolitical goals. Among political elites in the Visegrád 4 countries, namely Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, the level of reception of China's strategic narratives varies. The pro-China attitude at the governmental level is mainly motivated by economic incentives promised in the Chinese narrative as well as the governments' own political agendas. In a parallel process, converse anti-China sentiments and re-securitisation of China in the countries are largely connected to the primacy of the trans-Atlantic relationship with the US as well as the importance attached to European values. Keywords Chinese foreign policy, Central and Eastern European Countries,...