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Walker, Richard H. "The role of the central bank in economic recovery : lessons from Liberia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21976.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.The interaction between central bank role and fiscal policy is so crucial to the macroeconomic outcome of any economy. The role of fiscal policy is so strong in detennining central bank policies. This is why central bank behaviour is usually analyzed using a model, which incorporates an effect of fiscal pressure on monetary policy fonnulation. With primary deficit pressure by the fiscal authorities, the response to such government budget deficit plays an interactive role in affecting the tradewoff weights applied to the competing goals of monetary policy. The intenningling of these two policies creates a counter-cyclical reaction, which finds roots in the Central Bank of Liberia Act of 1999 that establishes the principal-agent relationship between the Central Bank of Liberia and the government. Liberia's emergence from intennittent periods of civil tunnoil and unrest has created the dire need for an upswing of its ravaged economy. This is especially explained by the high unemployment and illiteracy rate looming in the country. Additionally, there have been the successive failures of national government to put in place the requisite mechanisms for management and equitable distribution of the country's resources to its citizens. This study gives a diagnosis and the symptoms of Liberia's economic state. According to the World Bank, Liberia is listed in the category of Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC). Poverty traces a vicious cycle from low income to low saving and investment to low output so back to low income. This study identifies the role the Central Bank of Liberia can play in the economic recovery process of Liberia. This study project will further examine and draw lessons from other developing economies, which are applicable to Liberia. In this direction, countries that are perfonning well in achieving moderate to high economic growth will be looked at in an attempt to draw meaningful lessons for Liberia's drive for the attairunent of economic growth. It is expected that there is no quick fix to economic recovery especially so for a third world country that has been plagued by numerous calamities resulting in the looting and pillaging of the country's resources. The recovery of Liberia from its economic woes will involve other stakeholders besides the Central Bank. This may include the sovereign government through its line ministries and sector-specific agencies as well as the multilateral and bilateral partners of Liberia making up the donor community. This study also reveals the shape of Liberia's economy with regards to the structure of the economy. The controlling of public debt and an encouragement of private debt for investment purposes is a right step in the right direction along the path of economic recovery. This study will also examine monetary policy instruments and their limitations as far as the implementation is concerned. Monetary policy can be implemented by changing the size of the monetary base. This directly changes the total amount of money circulating in the economy. A central bank can use open market operations to change the monetary base.
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Donzo, Fonsia M. "Is the supervisory regime of the Central Bank of Liberia adequate to provide effective and efficient bank supervision that will ensure a stable financial system?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18180.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary purpose of the research study is to establish whether the supervisory regime of the Central Bank of Liberia (hereinafter referred to as CBL) is adequate to provide effective and efficient bank supervision that will ensure stability in the financial system. Stability in the financial sector and safety and soundness of the banking industry are of paramount importance due to its linkages with all other sectors of the economy. Adequate supervision and prudential regulations are central in ensuring financial sector stability. This research focuses on the prudential regulations and other supervisory directives used in the supervision of licensed bank-financial institutions, in terms of capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity and sensitivity to market risk, the supervisory approach and the legal framework. The adequacy of the prudential regulations and other supervisory directives are determined by comparing with international standards. The results revealed that the prudential regulations largely meet international standards. Thus, the supervisory regime is adequate and capable of providing stability in the banking industry. Banks are exposed to various kinds of risks in the conduct of their trading operations; therefore, management is required to maintain a capital position that will cover the nature and extent of risks to the bank:. The capital consists of two tiers; Tier I (primary) capital and Tier 2 (secondary) capital. Banks are required to permanently maintain a capital adequacy ratio that matches their total exposure to risk at the level of at least 8%. The prudential regulations of the Central Bank of Liberia places assets into two risk baskets while international organizations like the Bank for International Settlement has four or five risk baskets based on the category of borrower, sovereigns, banks or corporates. Earning assets reflect the bank's quality and existing potential of exposure to counter-party associated with loan and investment portfolios, as well as off-balance sheet transactions. Banks are required to make adequate provisioning against deteriorating loan portfolios and general provisions for performing loans. Sound and competent management is the most significant requirement for the strength, potency and growth of any financial institution. Indicators of the quality of management's competence are primarily specific to individual institutions. Moreover, it is not easy to draw any conclusion vis-à-vis management soundness on the basis of monetary indicators, as characteristics of a good management are rather qualitative in nature. Strong earnings and profitability profiles of a financial institution reflect its capacity to absorb losses, fund expansion, be competitive in the banking industry, replenish and/or increase capital base and pay dividends to shareholders. Good earnings quality is relied upon by banking institutions as their first line of defense against capital reduction due to credit losses, interest rate risk, operational risk and decline in asset value. Liquidity is often considered as an attestation of solvency for banking institutions. Banks must maintain a minimum level of liquidity to settle obligations such withdrawals and for giving out loans. Liquidity is a strong early warning signal, the shortage and/or the lack of which erodes public confidence in a bank. Banks must guide against structural maturity mismatch. Imprudent lending practice increases a bank's exposure to liquidity risk. All licensed banks are statutorily required to maintain a minimum daily liquidity ratio of 15%, which is a measure of the banks' liquid assets vis-à-vis deposits. Each commercial bank is required to maintain reserve requirements representing 18% of average deposits. A suitable legal framework is a prerequisite for effective banking supervision. Supervisors can be expected to act, free from political pressures, only if they cannot be dismissed for doing their job. The New Financial Institutions Act 1999 and the Central Bank Act 1999 give the Central Bank powers to grant and revoke bank. licenses, supervise commercial banks and have unlimited access to privileged information. There is a need to further strengthen the supervisory capacity in terms of providing continuous short-term training and long-term or post-graduate studies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdoel van hierdie navorsingsverslag is om te bepaal of die toesighoudende stelsel van die Sentrale Bank van Liberie (hierna verwys na CBL) toereikend is om doeltreffende en doelmatige banksupervisie te verskaf wat stabiliteit in die finansiële stelsel sal verseker. Stabiliteit in die finansieie sektor, en die veiligheid en betroubaarheid van die bankbedryf is uiters belangrik as gevolg van die verwantskap met alle ander sektore van die ekonomie. Voldoende supervisie en verstandige regulasies vorm die kern van stabiliteit in die finansiële sektor. Hierdie navorsing is gerig op die verstandige regulasies en ander toesighoudende bepalings wat gebruik word in die supervisie van gelisensieerde bank-finansiële instellings ten opsige van kapitaaltoereikendheid, bategehalte, bestuur, verdienste, likiditeit en sensitiwiteit ten opsigte van markrisiko, die benadering tot toesighouding en die regsraamwerk. Die toereikendheid van die verstandige regulasies en ander toesighoudende bepalings word bepaal deur dit met internasionale standaarde te vergelyk. Die resultale toon aan dat die verstandige regulasies grootliks aan internasionale standaarde voldoen. Die toesigboudende stelsel is dus toereikend en daartoe in staat om stabiliteit aan die bankbedryf te verskaf. Banke word blootgestel aan verskeie soorte risiko in die uitvoer van hul handelsbedrywighede. Daar word dus van die bestuur verwag om 'n kapitaalbasis te handhaaf wat die aard en omvang van die risiko vir die bank sal dek. Die kapitaal bestaan uit twee vlakke: Vlak I (primêre) kapitaal en Vlak 2 (sekondêre) kapitaal. Daar word van banke verwag om permanent 'n kapitaaltoereikendheidsverhouding te handhaaf wat ooreenkom met hul totale blootstelling aan risiko op 'n vlak van ten minsle 8%. Die verstandige regulasies van die Sentrale Bank van Liberie plaas bates in twee risiko-mandjies terwyl internasionale organisasies soos die Bank for International Settlement vier tot vyf risiko-mandjies het wat op die kategorie van die lener, selfbesturende entiteit, bank of korporasie gegrond is. Opbrengsgewende bates dui op die bank se gehalte en bestaande potensiaal vir blootstelling aan teenpartye wat verband hou met lenings- en beleggingsportefeuljes sowel as buitebalanstransaksies. Daar word van banke verwag om toereikende voorsiening teen verslegtende leningsportefeuljes te maak en om algemene voorwaardes vir presterende lenings te stel. Betroubare en bevoegde bestuur is die heel belangrikste vereiste vir die krag, vermoë en groei van enige finansiële instelling. Aanwysers van die gehalte van die bestuur se bevoegdheid is hoofsaaklik op individuele instellings van toepassing. Verder is dit nie maklik om enige gevolgtrekking ten opsigte van 'n bestuur se betroubaarheid te maak op grond van monetêre aanwysers nie, omdat die kenmerke van 'n goeie bestuur eerder kwalitatief van aard is. Sterk opbrengste en winsgewendheidsprofiele van 'n finansiële instelling dui op sy kapasiteit om verliese te absorbeer, fondse uit te brei, mededingend in die bankbedryf te wees, sy kapitaalbasis aan te vul en/of te vergroot, en dividende aan aandeelhouers te betaal. Bankinstellings maak staat op goeie opbrengsgehalte as hul eerste verdedigingslyn teen kapitaalvermindering as gevolg van kredietverliese, rentekoersrisiko's, bedryfsrisiko's en 'n afname in batewaarde. Likiditeit word dikwels beskou as 'n bevestiging van solvensie vir bankinstellings. Banke moet 'n minimum vlak van likiditeit handhaaf om verpligtinge soos onttrekkings na te kom en om lenings toe te staan. Likiditeit is 'n sterk vroeë waarskuwingsteken, en die tekort en/of gebrek daaraan knou openbare vertroue in die bank. Banke moet waak teen 'n strukturele wanafstemming van looptye. Onverstandige uitleenpraktyk verhoog 'n bank se blootstelling aan likiditeitsrisiko. Alle gelisensieerde banke word statutêr verplig om 'n minimum daaglikse likiditeitsverhouding van 15% te handhaaf, wat 'n maatstaf is van 'n bank se likiede bates teenoor deposito's. 'n Toepaslike regsraamwerk is 'n voorvereiste vir doeltreffende banksupervisie. Daar kan van toesighouers verwag word om sonder enige politieke druk op te tree slegs indien hulle nie afgedank kan word omdat hulle hul plig doen nie. Die New Financial Institutions Act van 1999 en die Central Bank Act van 1999 gee aan die Sentrale Bank die mag om banklisensies toe te staan en herroep, om toesig oor kommersiële banke te hou en om onbeperkte toegang tot beskermde inligting te kry. Daar is 'n behoefte om die toesighoudende kapasiteit deur die verskaffing van deurlopende korttermynopleiding en langtermyn- of nagraadse studie uit te bou.
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Rosa, Carlo. "Central Bank communication : the case of the European Central Bank." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2725/.
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Following the opening chapter, which surveys existing literature on the transparency of central bank communication, the remaining chapters each address a simple question to better understand central bank communication, and its effects on financial markets using the European Central Bank (ECB) as a case study. Specifically: o How informative is ECB communication. Chapter 2 provides a glossary that translates explicitly the qualitative information of ECB President monthly press conferences into an ordered scale. We show that the predictive ability of these statements is similar to market-based measures of monetary policy expectations. Moreover, we find that ECB words provide complementary information to macroeconomic variables. o Is it possible to measure objectively qualitative statements. Chapter 3 uses Alceste, textual-content analysis software, to categorize each ECB announcement. We find that these categories explain the volatility of financial market expectations of future monetary policy, but are not statistically helpful in predicting future policy actions. o Is the ECB transparent about its monetary policy framework. Chapter 4 proposes an indirect test of transparency. By looking at ECB explanations of its monetary policy decisions we identify new measures of euro area economic activity and price stability. Then, we use these macroeconomic variables to estimate an ECB-specific empirical reaction function, which better forecasts its future actions compared to standard Taylor-type rules. o Do financial intermediaries understand and believe ECB statements. The final chapter shows that innovations in market expectations about future monetary policy can be explained by unexpected ECB announcements. Hence, we conclude that even if the ECB is a relatively young multinational financial institution, it has already acquired a reputation for telling the truth. Moreover, in order to describe properly its monetary policy we need two dimensions: both the current policy rate and its planned future path.
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Gupta, Abhijit Sen. "Essays in central bank policymaking /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Sen, Gupta Abhijit. "Essays in central bank policymaking /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Debelle, Guy. "Central bank independence and inflation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11969.
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Parra, Julian Andres. "Essays on central bank inflation announcements." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609017.
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Spyromitros, Elelftherios. "Theoretical issues on Central Bank transparency." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR1EC11.
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Basé sur l’étude pionnière de Cukierman et Meltzer (1986), la transparence de la Banque centrale a attiré l'attention des chercheurs, ce qui a suscité l’émergence de la littérature sur la transparence. Dans un premier temps, nous analysons les conséquences théoriques et empiriques de cette transparence, et ensuite nous concentrons notre travail sur trois aspects théoriques relatifs à cette dernière. Le premier d’entre eux, concerne la relation économique entre la transparence de la Banque centrale et son indépendance. Le deuxième aspect étudie les effets de la transparence de la Banque centrale en intégrant dans le mécanisme de transmission de la politique monétaire le marché du travail et le marché financier. Finalement, nous y émettrons l’hypothèse que les autorités monétaires ne connaissent pas le vrai modèle de l'économie. Sous cette condition, nous analyserons les implications économiques relatives à la désirabilité de la transparence de la Banque centraleBased on the seminal paper by Cukierman and Meltzer (1986), the economic desirability of transparency has attracted attention and the economic literature on transparency has recently started to expand. First, we analyze the theoretical and empirical findings on central bank transparency and then we distinguish three theoretical issues on central bank transparency. The first issue concerns the economic relationship between central bank transparency and central bank independence. The second one is about the effects of central bank transparency when we integrate in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy the labor market and the financial market. Finally, we assume that policymakers do not that know the true model of the economy. Under this assumption, we seek for the economic implications as for the desirability of central bank transparency
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Fasha, Rikie. "Central bank evaluation of bank performance : a case study of Indonesia." Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633003.
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Defining organisational culture as organisational (bank) practices 'the way we do things around here', this study investigates the impact of organisational culture on organisational performance and fraud in the whole Indonesian banking system, using a set of panel data for the period of 2005-9. The research was motivated to fill-in the gap and to rectify the imbalance on the literature in the current global financial crisis and fraud still occurring environment, despite having been undergoing a programme of restructuring and transformation after Indonesia economic and currency crisis (1997-1998). Using appropriate econometric methods in analysing the secondary highly restricted and confidential data from Bank Indonesia (the central bank), this thesis answers the questions: (i) does organisational culture (sound banking practices) impact banking performance? in terms of a set of comprehensive performance: capital, assets, earnings, liquidity and fraud; (ii) if so, does organizational culture make different performance? based on different types of ownerships; (iii) if so, does organizational culture differentiate high-and-low bank performance. Using fixed-effects regression analysis and confirmed robustness by cross sectional regression analysis after having done Chow test and Hausmann test, multicollinearity and robustness standard error tests, this thesis results confirm all the research questions and sustain the organisational culture and performance link. The results support the widely believe in the literature that suggests organisational culture is a resource that produces better organisational performance, whilst minimising fraud. There is also acknowledgment that organisational culture differentiates high-and low performance banks, as well as based on different types of ownerships, namely: state, foreign, private and regional government banks. The results also suggest the best practices of high performance banks as finding the right balance between management actions and bank supervision functions. In particular, the result also verifies that the better the management and control function practices work-together effectively towards the same direction, the better the performance of the banks.
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Dorley, Boakai Murphy 1979. "The impact of microfinance on poverty reduction in Montserrado County = a case study of Access Bank Liberia Limited, 2009-2012 = O impacto da microfinança na redução da pobreza em Montserrado county: um estudo de caso do Access Bank Liberia Limited, 2009-2012." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286411.
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Orientador: Simone Silva de DeosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T00:30:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dorley_BoakaiMurphy_M.pdf: 2078275 bytes, checksum: 9e62e72389ce4b168088d4c4a068aa77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Microfinanças constituem a prestação de uma vasta gama de serviços financeiros que incluem depósitos, empréstimos, poupanças, transferências de dinheiro e seguro para as famílias pobres e de baixa renda e seus microempreendimentos. No paradigma do desenvolvimento, as microfinanças têm se mostrado cada vez mais necessárias ¿ estratégia utilizada para atender aos grupos negligenciados da sociedade, especialmente mulheres, pessoas de baixa renda, comunidades rurais e a população carente. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é contribuir para a compreensão do impacto das microfinanças no alívio da pobreza em Montserrado County, usando o Access Bank Liberia Limited para o estudo de caso. Essa pesquisa cobriu o período de 2009 a 2012. Os resultados indicaram que as microfinanças tiveram um impacto positivo no alívio da pobreza dos destituídos de Montserrado County, particularmente liberianos sem acesso às instituições financeiras formais. Os resultados revelaram que as microoperações financeiras do Access Bank Liberia tiveram um impacto positivo na criação de empregos, renda dos clientes e poupanças. Além disso, as evidências sugerem que o acesso à assistência financeira como o crédito para pessoas de baixa renda é capaz de estimular a geração de microempreendimentos que permitem a essa parcela da população sair da armadilha da pobreza. Portanto, microfinanças são uma das mais eficientes intervenções para melhorar as condições econômicas dos destituídos, além de ser um instrumento de proteção social, principalmente para mulheres
Abstract: Microfinance is the delivery of a broad range of financial services which includes deposits, loans, payment services, savings, money transfer, and insurance to the poor and low-income households and their micro-enterprises. In the development paradigm, microfinance has evolved as a need ¿based strategy and program to cater to the neglected groups of society particularly women, poor, rural, deprived population. The objective of this research is to contribute to the understanding of the Microfinance impact on poverty alleviation in Montserrado County, using Access Bank Liberia Limited as a case study. This research covered the period 2009-2012. The researcher¿s findings indicated that microfinance has a positive impact on poverty alleviation on the destitute poor of Montserrado County, particularly Liberian who lacks access to formal financial institutions. The findings revealed that Access Bank Liberia microfinance operations have a positive impact on job creation, clients¿ income and savings. Moreover, the evidence suggests that if the poor or low income earners are provided access to financial assistance, such as credit, they are capable to start a micro-enterprise that will allow them to break out of the poverty trap. Therefore, microfinance has become one of the most effective interventions for economic empowerment tool for the destitute poor as well as social protection mainly for women
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Ayhan, Berkay. "A Critical Approach To Central Bank Independence: The Case Of The Central Bank Of The Republic Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610046/index.pdf.
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From the 1970s onwards, it is argued that central banks should be independent from politicians since the latter have an interest in seeking populist interventions to the conduct of the monetary policy. Additionally, it is often maintained that the sole aim of a central bank should be to seek price stability. Despite the seemingly neutral and objective tone of these arguments, central bank independence can find its meaning as a part of Neoliberalism, which restructured the economic administration of the state. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse the notion of central bank independence and the case of the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey in a multidisciplinary manner, in order to reveal its political and administrative implications.
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Lara, Sebastian. "The political determinants of central bank independence." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1449.
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Schultefrankenfeld, Guido [Verfasser]. "Essays on central bank forecasting / Guido Schultefrankenfeld." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105197755X/34.
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San, Miguel Olga Arratibel. "Monetary policy, credibility and central bank constitutions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4017/.
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Although most macroeconomists agree that the control of inflation may involve losses of output, there is no consensus about why. New Classical economists, focusing on the issue of credibility, have identified incentive problems as important obstacles to price stability. On the contrary, many new Keynesians regard credibility problems as secondary. They focus on the microeconomic details of wage and price adjustments as potential sources of disinflationary costs. Yet, if the costs and the benefits of anti-inflationary policy are strictly related to the market structure of the economy, so will be the incentives tempting the monetary authority to inflate. Indeed, what we show in this thesis is that the microeconomic aspects of wage and price setting not only affect the costs (benefits) of credible disinflationary (inflationary) policy, but that they need to be considered to determine whether those disinflationary (inflationary) policies can be perceived as credible or not. Despite the relevance of this problem, the economic analysis of microfoundations has received little attention at the time of designing efficient resolutions for the credibility problem of monetary policy. This idea has been illustrated in different ways. First, Rogoff's idea of delegation does not seem very attractive, if the wage setting process appears to be dominated by insider workers. Moreover, we have underlined the difficulties that a country like Spain, with a highly distorted labour market, may face in fighting inflation. Second, interesting patterns of inflation and output behaviour may be generated by the interaction of both credibility problems and staggered wage setting. Finally, although the difficulties of implementing anti-inflationary policies are emphasised in all our examples, they are particularly severe when near-rational behaviour or, alternatively, costs of changing prices are taken into account.
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Costa, Pedro Miguel Mendes Rosa. "Central bank independence and stock market returns." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10466.
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Mestrado em FinançasA independência dos bancos centrais é considerada tanto pela literatura como pelos decisores políticos como essencial para atingir estabilidade nos níveis de inflação estável e bem estar económico a longo prazo nas economias modernas. Geralmente, é uma teoria suportada pela ideia de que a independência dos bancos centrais permite atingir essa estabilidade sem prejudicar outras variáveis da economia. Até agora, e salvo raras exceções, os estudos feitos pela literatura sobre a relação da independência dos bancos centrais e as variáveis macroeconómicas têm negligenciado os retornos agregados dos mercados financeiros. Usando um conjunto de 21 países desenvolvidos, calculamos os respetivos retornos dos índices financeiros utilizando os índices MSCI, cotados em dólares americanos, e testamos se é possível encontrar algum impacto causado pelos vários níveis de independência dos bancos centrais. A nossa análise abrange um período de 20 anos e os resultados levam-nos a concluir que a hipótese de "free lunch" que acompanha os defensores da independência dos bancos centrais não é rejeitada quando estudamos o seu impacto nos retornos dos mercados financeiros.
Central bank independence is regarded by both literature and policymakers as essential for achieving stability in inflation and long term welfare in modern economies, and it is usually supported by the idea that it accomplishes such stability without harming other variables in the economy. Until very recently, the literature studies of its effect on several macroeconomic variables have neglected the analysis of stock market returns. Using a set of 21 developed countries, we calculate the respective yearly stock returns using the MSCI indices, quoted in US Dollars, and test if it is possible to trace an impact caused by the levels of independence of the countries' central banks. Our analysis spans for a period of 20 years and the results lead us to conclude that the free lunch hypothesis behind central bank independence cannot be rejected when its impact is studied on stock market returns.
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Maneschiöld, Per-Ola. "Essays on exchange rates and central bank credibility." [Göteborg : Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Göteborgs universitet], 2002. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/data/html/html/PDF/ManeschioldNE.pdf.
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Ilieva, Janet Bogomilova. "Redefining central bank independence : a pan-national perspective." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404543.
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Bang, Kisun. "Central bank independence, budget deficits, seigniorage and inflation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924863.
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Tupits, Andres. "Legal framework for the Eurosystem national central bank." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1281.
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This thesis analyses legal issues related to the participation in the Eurosystem by a national central bank (NCB). My aim is to develop principles that could be used for a national central bank law for a European Union Member State that has adopted the euro. The transfer of monetary policy to the supranational level has substantially changed the European central banking framework and confronted the NCBs with their new role as members of the Eurosystem. This membership has affected the governance structures of NCBs, with the emphasis on Governors and their independence. Most of the changes relate to the fulfilment of tasks of the Eurosystem and the level of independence needed by the NCBs to carry out these tasks. I have found that although there are differences amongst the Member States, the understanding of central bank independence is fairly similar throughout the EU. The accountability of the NCBs is driven not by the EU but by national rules, which is why the extent of reporting commitments varies between the Member States. The same is true of transparency, with some NCBs tending to be more open towards the general public than the others. However, it remains debatable whether there should be a harmonisation of rules on transparency and accountability at the EU level and whether the establishment of such harmonised rules would set higher standards than the current average. A debate on whether the prudential supervision of credit institutions should be a European rather than a national matter has been going on for a number of years, and I would like to add to the discussion as far as the financial stability and ESCB-related tasks are concerned. Finally, on the basis of the Estonian NCB Statute, I suggest amendments reflecting best practices for central bank tasks, independence and accountability.
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Politsidis, Panagiotis N. "Essays on financial markets and central bank policy." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813755/.
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This Thesis consists of three chapters examining the interaction and comovement between different financial assets in terms of their price, liquidity and volatility, and analysing the impact of the central bank's monetary policy stance on this interaction. ''The interaction of the Stock, Bond and CDS markets: An empirical analysis'' examines the price co-movements between the stock, bond, and CDS markets finding differences in the timing with which information is reflected in these asset-markets. It further identifies the factors that generate order flow in these markets focusing on the instruments controlled closely by the central bank. The examination of those instruments includes a comparison between standard and non-standard monetary policy measures and the identification of the monetary transmission channel. ''Sovereign Bond and CDS Market Liquidity. Arbitrage Activities and Central Bank Interventions'' analyses the joint dynamics of sovereign bond and CDS market liquidity taking into account the no-arbitrage relationship between them, i.e., the CDS-bond basis, and provides evidence of asymmetric liquidity interaction between the two asset-markets. The examination of central bank interventions and regulatory changes reveals that the ECB's open market purchases and the EU's naked CDS ban managed to limit the mispricing in the sovereign bond and CDS markets and improved the bond-CDS liquidity interaction. ''Volatility and Integration in the European Sovereign Bond and CDS Markets'' studies the strength and direction of volatility linkages between European sovereign bond yields and CDS spreads and assesses whether volatility linkages lead to stronger cross-asset integration. The analysis points to the existence of two blocs within the EMU according to the level of bond-CDS integration, a level which in the EMU South is inversely related to the CDS-bond basis. It additionally lends support to the implementation of non-standard monetary policy measures, since an easing in the ECB's policy stance improves the level of cross-asset integration.
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Hayat, Muhammad Azmat. "Essays on central bank independence and public support." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL12010/document.
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Cette thèse traite de certaines questions importantes d'économie politique, plus particulièrement liées à l'indépendance des banques centrales. Le premier chapitre de la thèse montre que la probabilité de remplacement d'un gouverneur de banque centrale est positivement liée à la part du mandat déjà effectuée, aux crises bancaires et monétaires, aux élections, aux réformes des statuts des banques centrales, ainsi qu'à l'inflation. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous montrons que le grand public connaît très bien la question de l'indépendance de la banque centrale. Cette question est analysée pour des échantillons représentatifs de 15 pays Européens, interrogés sur la proposition de créer une Banque Centrale Européenne (BCE) indépendante. Nous montrons que le comportement de l'inflation n'est pas suffisant pour expliquer la préférence des agents pour une banque centrale indépendante: les caractéristiques personnelles et les circonstances ont un impact plus fort, avec le sexe, l'emploi, le niveau d'éducation, de revenu, et le degré d'information et le souci civique montrant une significativité particulière. Le troisième chapitre de l'étude traite de la question du soutien de la banque centrale par le public. Nous employons un riche ensemble de déterminants potentiels, en combinant les données macro-économiques et socio-démographiques pour expliquer la confiance dans la BCE. Nous constatons que les personnes ayant un niveau de revenu élevé, d'éducation élevé et une orientation politique centriste ou de droite ont tendance à plus soutenir la BCE. La pertinence politique de ces résultats est importante pour la stratégie de communication de la BCE avec le public de l'UEThis thesis addresses some important issues in the political economy particularly related to central bank independence. The first chapter of the thesis explores the determinants of removal of central bankers and shows that the probability of replacing a central bank governor is positively related to the time already spent in office, to banking and currency crises, the occurrence of elections, central bank independence reforms, and inflation. In the second chapter, we demonstrate that general public adheres the issue and importance of independence of central bank very well. Using data from Eurobarometer surveys for 1998 to 2000 for 15 EU countries, which included a specific question on this issue, we show that inflation performance is not sufficient to explain people's preferences for an independent central bank: personal characteristics and circumstances have a stronger impact, with gender, employment status, education level, income, and degree of information and civic concern showing particular relevance. The third chapter of the study deals with the issue of support of the central bank in public. We employ a rich set of potential determinants, combining macroeconomic and socio-demographic data, to explain trust in the ECB. We find that people with higher level of income and education and centre to right-wing political orientation tend to support the ECB, as well as people with optimistic expectations on the economic situation. The policy relevance of this dissertation is important for the central banks' communication policy along general policies and also for the ECB's communication strategy with the EU public
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Thornton, J. S. "Bank rediscounting at the central bank : Theories and some evidence for Germany, 1974-1982." Thesis, City University London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373357.
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Tymoigne, Eric Wray L. Randall. "Central banking, asset prices, and financial fragility what role for a central bank? /." Diss., UMK access, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Economics and Social Sciences Consortium. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006."A dissertation in economics and social sciences." Advisor: L. Randall Wray. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Dec. 19, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 422-452). Online version of the print edition.
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Stanek, Piotr. "Efficiency of decision making in central banks : lessons for the European Central Bank." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50374-2007-13.pdf.
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Cette thèse s'attache â comprendre les facteurs influencant l'efficacité de la prise de décision au sein des banques centrales. La littérature économique propose plusieurs facteurs pouvant influencer la qualité des decisions prise par un comité de politique monétaire tels que le nombre de membres, la règle de décision, les caractèristiques des décideurs ou encore les modalités de communication entre eux. Cette thèse se focalise sur la précision d'information comme la variable déterminant l'efficacité des décisions: plus elle est élevé meilleurs sont les résultats de la politique monétaire et cette politique devient plus réactive. La précision d'information acquise par le décideur dépend de son habilleté, de la cible de politique ainsi que des institutions de prise de décision. Empiriquement il a été montré que l'expérience professionnelle des membres de comité de politique monétaire influence le niveau d'inflation et leur niveau d'éducation influence la réactivité. L'existence d'une taille optimale du comité a aussi été confirmé. Finalement, la récente réforme du système de prise de décision au sein de la BCE a été évaluée et critiquée ainsi qu'une proposition alternative correspondante au critères proposés a été spécifiée.
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Harahap, Sofyan Syafri. "The Central Bank and commercial bank control relationships in Indonesia : a field based case study /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh254.pdf.
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Saacke, Peter. "Technical analysis, central bank interventions and exchange rate regimes." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/disse/69/diss.htm.
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From, Christensen Lene. "Centralbankers kommunikation : inflationsmålsætning og pengepolitisk gennemsigtighed = Central Bank communication /." Aarhus : Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, 2007. http://mit.econ.au.dk/Library/Specialer/20011427.pdf.
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Sathitsuksanoh, Noppadon Thompson Henry L. "Recent portfolio investment and central bank policy in Thailand." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1504.
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Kearns, Jonathan. "Nominal exchange rates, commodity prices and central bank policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8172.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2002.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis consists of three independent chapters on nominal exchange rates. The first chapter adds to the forward bias puzzle by noting that while the exchange rate of a small commodity-exporting economy can be closely tied to commodity prices, a portfolio of commodity futures exhibits little if any bias. This is demonstrated for Australia. Using a dependent economy model in which the exchange rate is a function of export prices, three potential explanations for the bias of exchange rate futures, but not commodity futures, are considered. Peso problems do not seem capable of explaining the puzzle. Monetary policy could explain some of the bias, though unlikely the full extent. Systematic expectation errors about the monetary process, while requiring strong assumptions, receive some empirical support from the behaviour of the exchange rate. The second chapter attempts to resolve the endogeneity of exchange rates and central bank intervention. Using a change in Reserve Bank of Australia intervention policy for identification, simulated GMM is used to estimate a model that includes the contemporaneous impact of intervention. Intervention is found to have an economically significant contemporaneous effect. A $US100m purchase of the domestic currency will appreciate the exchange rate by 1.35 to 1.81 per cent. Further, intervention is found to have the majority of its impact during the day in which it is conducted, with a smaller effect on subsequent days. Australian central bank intervention policy is confirmed to be characterised by leaning against the wind.
(cont.) The third chapter estimates the dependent economy model outlined in Chapter 1 for the Australian, Canadian and New Zealand dollars. The model provides a good representation of the exchange rates for all three countries up to 1995. In out-of-sample projections the Australian and Canadian models outperform a random walk. The New Zealand model breaks down during the Asian crisis. Commodity futures are used to construct forecasts of the Australian dollar, which at horizons of around one year are more accurate than no-change forecasts.
by Jonathan Kearns.
Ph.D.
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Staker, Shawn W. "A dynamic term structure model of Central Bank policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53304.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-118).
This thesis investigates the implications of explicitly modeling the monetary policy of the Central Bank within a Dynamic Term Structure Model (DTSM). We follow Piazzesi (2005) and implement monetary policy by including the Fed target rate as a state variable. The discontinuous target dynamics are accurately modeled via a non-linear switching process, while still maintaining affine requirements under the pricing measure ensuring tractability. To ensure a flexible risk specification we turn to the parametrization of Cheridito et al (2007), with extensions to the target jump process. Model parameters are estimated via a simulated maximum likelihood estimation scheme with importance sampling. A Bayesian particle filter is used as a robustness check, and it's use for static parameter estimation in a DTSM framework is explored. Our results support those in Piazzesi (2005), revealing a substantial improvement in pricing errors especially on the short end of the yield curve. The model construction provides a natural framework to inspect monetary policy information embedded in yields, which is found to be substantial. We find the addition of the target rate greatly improves the model's ability to explain excess return. An ability which is increased with the inclusion of the full term structure of target rates, as measured from Fed future contracts. We postulate the improved performance is due to the target as a proxy for short term rates, and a conduit to express the information content of the term structure of target rates.
by Shawn W. Staker.
Ph.D.
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Vari, Miklos. "The impact of central bank policies on money markets." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E062.
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Cette thèse est une tentative de mieux comprendre l’impact des différentes mesures prises par les banques centrales depuis 2008, et en particulier en zone Euro. Elle se concentre sur les effets des différents politiques non-conventionnelles sur le marché monétaire. Le chapitre 1 montre comment la fragmentation du marché interbancaire perturbe la transmission de la politique monétaire. Le phénomène de fragmentation est introduit dans un modèle standard de marché interbancaire. On voit alors que de la liquidité excédentaire apparaît de façon endogène dans le modèle. Cela conduit les taux d’intérêt à court terme à s’éloigner du taux de la banque centrale. Le modèle est utilisé pour analyser les politiques conventionnelles et non conventionnelles de l’Eurosystème. Le chapitre 2 explique comment le programme d’achat de titres souverains de l’Eurosystème (le PSPP) a poussé certains taux du marché monétaire en dessous du taux de la facilité de dépôt de l’Eurosystème, qui est pourtant sensé être un plancher. Le chapitre explore empiriquement les interactions entre le PSPP et les taux d’intérêts collatéralisés. Le chapitre 3 montre comment des régulations très proches de celles de Bâle III étaient utilisées par les banques centrales dans les trois décennies qui ont suivi la Seconde Guerre mondiale. A l’époque ces régulations étaient utilisées pour stabiliser l’inflation et la production, un rôle qui serait aujourd’hui typiquement attribué à la politique monétaire (et non à la régulation bancaire). Les expériences historiques que nous décrivons montrent clairement que la régulation de la liquidité a des effets restrictifs sur l’activitéThe first chapter shows how interbank market fragmentation disrupts the transmission of monetary policy. Fragmentation is the fact that banks, depending on their country of location,have different probabilities of default on their interbank borrowings. Once fragmentation is introduced into standard theoretical models of monetary policy implementation, excess liquidity arises endogenously. This leads short-term interest rates to depart from the central bank policy rates. Using data on cross-border financial flows and monetary policy operations,it is shown that this mechanism has been at work in the Euro-Area since 2008. The model is used to analyze conventional and unconventional monetary policy measures. The second chapter shows how the Euro area money market rates have been standing below the deposit facility rate since 2015, which financial markets perceive as a byproduct of Eurosystem's public sector purchase program (PSPP). This paper explores empirically the interactions between the PSPP and short term secured money market rates (repo rates). We document different channels through which asset purchases may affect the various segments of the Euro area repo market. Using proprietary data from the PSPP and individual repo transactions made on the repo market for specific securities, our results show that the PSPP has contributed to push down repo rates. Purchasing 1% of a bond outstanding is associated with a decline in its repo rate of -0.75 bps
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McPhilemy, Samuel. "Financial stability and central bank power : a comparative perspective." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/78999/.
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This thesis provides a comparative analysis of how the power of the United States Federal Reserve, the Bank of England and the European Central Bank has changed as a consequence of the reorientation of central banking towards financial stability since the global financial crisis. Drawing on a wide range of primary and secondary sources, including more than 30 interviews with central bankers and other public officials, the thesis demonstrates that to different extents, each of these organisations has exhibited a more authoritative relationship with its key interlocutors in recent years. The thesis attributes this variegated transformation to the policy entrepreneurship of transgovernmentally networked central bankers, who acted in concert with sympathetic executive politicians to operationalise new ‘macroprudential’ policy frameworks after the financial crisis. Central bankers’ collective policy entrepreneurship was guided by shared normative beliefs about their appropriate role in respect of financial stability, but their embrace of macroprudential ideas was far from uniform. Central bankers in each jurisdiction pursued subtly different policy objectives within idiosyncratic political, cultural and institutional terrains, leading to distinctive local varieties of reform. The thesis argues that central banks’ heightened authority since the financial crisis has been underpinned by an increase in their structural power, which owed to the heightened reliance of politicians and financial market actors on central banks’ unique ability to create new base money. It also demonstrates how transformations in central banks’ authority and structural power feed into their overall capacity to achieve their financial stability objectives. The thesis argues that in the post-crisis regulatory framework, central banks are at risk of underdelivering on their mandates. A bias towards inaction in the face of uncertainty and insufficient willingness to break with pre-crisis economic tropes threaten to undermine central banks’ efforts to maintain financial stability over the medium term.
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Corriveau-Bourque, Alexandre. ""This land is not for you:" Post-war land tenure systems in crisis in central and northwestern Liberia." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103543.
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As Liberia recovers from nearly a decade and a half of civil war, the largest obstacle to long-term stability remains the divisive issue of land. Drawing from data collected in central (Salala District, Bong County) and northwestern (Foya, Quardu Gboni and Voinjama Districts, Lofa County) Liberia, this thesis explores the conditions that produce and perpetuate land conflict. The violence and social dislocations of war created an opportunity for Liberians to confront their tumultuous relations with pre-war authority. The rule of law has failed to consolidate in the post-war environment. In the absence of a dominant system to consistently secure claims and enforce rules, individuals and groups have been using whatever means at their disposal to secure their own land or expand their claims, even if their actions may further undermine inter-personal, inter-community and institutional trust. Acts of encroachment, whether legitimate or not, are going unpunished, and are even justified through informal conflict resolution mechanisms. Rather than rebuilding the bonds of social trust that are necessary for a durable post-war peace, the unbridled competition for land has rewarded those who can most effectively mobilise their resources while undermining the foundations of customary, formal and informal tenure systems.Alors que le Libéria se remet d'une guerre civile qui a duré une quinzaine d'années, le plus grand obstacle pour obtenir une stabilité à long terme est celui de discordance dans la division des terres. Se basant sur des données recueillies dans le centre du pays (le district de Salala dans le comté de Bong) ainsi que dans le nord-ouest (les districts de Foya, Quardu Gboni et Vonijama dans le comté de Lofa), cette thèse explore les conditions qui causent et perpétuent le conflit de la répartition des terres. La violence et les bouleversements sociaux pendant la guerre ont permis au Libéria de confronter les autorités au pouvoir avant la guerre. L'autorité de la loi a échoué dans ses efforts de se consolider dans l'après-guerre. A défaut d'une institution dominante qui devait solidifier les revendications et enforcer les lois, les individus, autant que les groupes, ont utilisé n'importe quel moyen à leur disposition pour protéger leurs terres ou accroître leurs concessions. Parfois ces actions avaient pour cause d'affecter les liens interpersonnels, inter-communautaires et institutionels. L'appropriation, que ce soit légitime ou non, reste impunie et est même justifiée par des mécanismes informels de résolution de conflit. Au lieu de reconstruire les liens de confiance sociale qui sont essentiels pour maintenir la paix après une guerre, la compétition effrénée pour obtenir les terres a récompensé ceux qui ont mobilisé effectivement leur ressources tout en discréditant les fondations des systèmes habituels, formels ou informels.
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Beblavý, Miroslav. "Constrained discretion : monetary policy frameworks, central bank independence and inflation in Central Europe, 1993-2001." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14194.
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The thesis has two overarching objectives. One is to understand monetary policy in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia during 1990s and early 2000s; the other to use these findings to shed light on monetary policy in less developed, but highly open and financially integrated market economies. In order to achieve its aims, it analyses specific factors with significant influence on the conduct or outcomes of monetary policy in these countries; it analyses the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Central Europe, based on a technique called vector autoregression; and examines use of principal types of constraints on policy discretion, such as central bank independence, exchange rate commitments and domestic targets for monetary policy, in countries of the sample. The thesis finds that strong internal and external pressures, together with frequent bouts of fiscal irresponsibility and sizeable additive and parametric uncertainty regarding the working of the economy, led, in all four countries, to pronounced macroeconomic vulnerability and a need for periodic adjustment to dangerous fiscal and external imbalances. Reaction of policy-makers in countries of the sample to this environment can be characterized as discretion constrained by a strong nominal anchor and real exchange rate considerations. Experience of Central European countries shows that various elements of a commitment by monetary authorities are not duplicatory or contradictory, but interdependent in contributing to the goal of constraining discretion. During the period studied, the two key overall developments in policy were the gradual shift of emphasis from exchange rate targets to domestic targets and (within domestic targets) a shift from monetary targets to inflation targets. This approach has been largely successful.
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Ozdemir, Kazim Azim. "Fiscal issues, the Central Bank and monetary policy in Turkey." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419279.
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Willershausen, Gerold [Verfasser]. "European Sovereign Bond Liquidity and Central Bank Interventions. / Gerold Willershausen." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot GmbH, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1238497012/34.
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Craft, Vanessa. "Central bank credibility, endogenous beliefs and short-run Phillips curves." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49839.
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Sungu, Burak. "Three Essays on Central Bank Independence, Dependence and Economic Interaction." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250701872.
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Wood, Justine A. "Central bank transparency : examining volatility in output and financial markets." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18931.
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This research utilizes the seminal index from Dincer and Eichengreen (2013), which includes values for 120 countries from 1998 to 2010, to examine the effects of the level of central bank transparency on output and financial market volatility. In addition, this paper explores whether a degree of optimal transparency exists.
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Kulkarni, Jeffrey Kishor. "Central bank independence as ideology : disinflation, dissimulation and labour market deregulation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425033.
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Al, Sayed Mohammed Bassam Hashim. "The role of the Central Bank in an Islamic Banking System." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503612.
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Beyer, Andreas H. "Monetary transmission mechanisms and central bank policy : essays in econometric modelling." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262907.
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Hasegawa, Sánchez Alejandra Harumi. "Does the Central Bank of Peru respond to exchange rate movements?" Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13098.
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El objetivo de esta investigación es investigar si los movimientos del tipo de cambio nominal
afectan la fijación de la tasa de interés de política monetaria en Perú. Estimamos un
modelo de equilibrio general dinámico estocástico (DSGE, siglas en inglés) neokeynesiano
de una economía pequeña y abierta con hogares, dos sectores productivos de exportación
(commodities y manufacturados) y un sector externo, basado en el modelo desarrollado
por Schmitt-Grohé y Uribe (2017). El modelo considera mercados incompletos, rigidez de
precios a la Calvo y una regla de política monetaria que responde a cambios en la infación, el
producto bruto interno y tipo de cambio nominal. Adicionalmente, se incluye una condición
de paridad de la tasa de interés modificada que captura la intervención cambiaria, que ha
sido utilizada activamente por el Banco Central del Perú desde principios de los años 90.
Estimamos cuatro especi caciones del modelo por métodos bayesianos para los periodos
1T2002-4T2017 y 1T2010-4T2017, cuando el Banco Central del Perú sigue un régimen de
metas de in ación. El principal resultado sugiere que la importancia del tipo de cambio
nominal en la regla de política monetaria del Banco Central del Perú ha disminuido desde
el 2010, lo que puede atribuirse al proceso de desdolarización de la economía peruana y la
consolidación del régimen de metas de in ación. Durante el período 1T2020-4T2017, el
Banco Central racionaliza su esquema de metas de inflación con instrumentos para limitar
los riesgos vinculados a la dolarización e interviene en el mercado de divisas. Además,
encontramos que la intervención en el mercado cambiario ha sido una característica relevante
del mercado cambiario en Perú y de la determinación del tipo de cambioThe aim of this paper is to investigate whether exchange rate movements affect the monetary policy interest rate setting in Peru. We estimate a New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model of a small open economy with households, two productive export sectors (commodities and manufacturing) and a foreign sector, based on the model developed by Schmitt-Grohé and Uribe (2017). The model considers incomplete markets, sticky prices a la Calvo and a monetary policy rule that responds to changes in in- ation, output and in the nominal exchange rate. Additionaly, we include a modi ed interest rate parity condition that captures foreign exchange intervention, which has been actively used by the Central Bank of Peru since early 90s. We estimate four speci cations of the model by Bayesian methods for the periods 2002Q1-2017Q4 and 2010Q1-2017Q4, when the Central Bank of Peru follows an in ation targeting regime. The main result suggests that the importance of the nominal exchange rate in the Central Bank of Peru's interest rate policy rule has decreased since 2010, which can be attributed to the de-dollarization process of the Peruvian economy and the consolidation of the in ation targeting regime. During 2010Q1-2017Q4, the Central Bank rationalizes its in ation targeting scheme with instruments to limit risks linked to dollarization and intervenes in the foreign exchange market. In addition, we nd that foreign exchange market intervention has remained a relevant feature of the foreign exchange market in Peru and of the determination of the exchange rate.
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VERVLOET, WERTHER TEIXEIRA DE FREITAS. "BRAZIL`S CENTRAL BANK STERILIZED INTERVENTIONS` EFFECTS ON THE EXCHANGE RATE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16657@1.
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Foco de grandes controvérsias quanto seus efeitos sobre a taxa de câmbio, as intervenções cambiais tem sido amplamente utilizadas no processo de recomposição de reservas internacionais brasileiras. Muito embora não seja o principal objetivo do Banco Central do Brasil afetar o nível da taxa de câmbio, é possível que isso ocorra. Portanto, este trabalho busca responder à seguinte indagação: teriam as intervenções cambiais esterilizadas efeitos sobre a taxa de câmbio? Os resultados encontrados dão indícios de que tais efeitos existem, mas são de magnitude muito reduzida e de curta duração.Central object of big controversies regarding its effects on the exchange rate, sterilized interventions have been largely used by Brazil`s Central Bank on the buildup of the country`s international reserves. Although it is not his objective to affect the exchange rate level when buying foreign currency, there is a chance that it might happen. In this line, the primary question of this work is: Does sterilized interventions on the exchange market affect the exchange rate? The found results give some evidence that such effects exist, but are very small on its magnitude and of low duration.
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Seerattan, Dave Arnold. "The effectiveness of central bank interventions in the foreign exchange market." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7361.
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The global foreign exchange market is the largest financial market with turnover in this market often outstripping the GDP of countries in which they are located. The dynamics in the foreign exchange market, especially price dynamics, have huge implications for financial asset values, financial returns and volatility in the international financial system. It is therefore an important area of study. Exchange rates have often departed significantly from the level implied by fundamentals and exhibit excessive volatility. This reality creates a role for central bank intervention in this market to keep the rate in line with economic fundamentals and the overall policy mix, to stabilize market expectations and to calm disorderly markets. Studies that attempt to measure the effectiveness of intervention in the foreign exchange market in terms of exchange rate trends and volatility have had mixed results. This, in many cases, reflects the unavailability of data and the weaknesses in the empirical frameworks used to measure effectiveness. This thesis utilises the most recent data available and some of the latest methodological advances to measure the effectiveness of central bank intervention in the foreign exchange markets of a variety of countries. It therefore makes a contribution in the area of applied empirical methodologies for the measurement of the dynamics of intervention in the foreign exchange market. It demonstrates that by using high frequency data and more robust and appropriate empirical methodologies central bank intervention in the foreign exchange market can be effective. Moreover, a framework that takes account of the interactions between different central bank policy instruments and price dynamics, the reaction function of the central bank, different states of the market, liquidity in the market and the profitability of the central bank can improve the effectiveness of measuring the impact of central bank policy in the foreign exchange market and provide useful information to policy makers.
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Cedervall, Andreas, and Daniel Jansson. "Topic classification of Monetary Policy Minutes from the Swedish Central Bank." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240403.
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Over the last couple of years, Machine Learning has seen a very high increase in usage. Many previously manual tasks are becoming automated and it stands to reason that this development will continue in an incredible pace. This paper builds on the work in Topic Classification and attempts to provide a baseline on how to analyse the Swedish Central Bank Minutes and gather information using both Latent Dirichlet Allocation and a simple Neural Networks. Topic Classification is done on Monetary Policy Minutes from 2004 to 2018 to find how the distributions of topics change over time. The results are compared to empirical evidence that would confirm trends. Finally a business perspective of the work is analysed to reveal what the benefits of implementing this type of technique could be. The results of these methods are compared and they differ. Specifically the Neural Network shows larger changes in topic distributions than the Latent Dirichlet Allocation. The neural network also proved to yield more trends that correlated with other observations such as the start of bond purchasing by the Swedish Central Bank. Thus, our results indicate that a Neural Network would perform better than the Latent Dirichlet Allocation when analyzing Swedish Monetary Policy Minutes.Under de senaste åren har artificiell intelligens och maskininlärning fått mycket uppmärksamhet och växt otroligt. Tidigare manuella arbeten blir nu automatiserade och mycket tyder på att utvecklingen kommer att fortsätta i en hög takt. Detta arbete bygger vidare på arbeten inom topic modeling (ämnesklassifikation) och applicera detta i ett tidigare outforskat område, riksbanksprotokoll. Latent Dirichlet Allocation och Neural Network används för att undersöka huruvida fördelningen av diskussionspunkter (topics) förändras över tid. Slutligen presenteras en teoretisk diskussion av det potentiella affärsvärdet i att implementera en liknande metod. Resultaten för de olika modellerna uppvisar stora skillnader över tid. Medan Latent Dirichlet Allocation inte finner några större trender i diskussionspunkter visar Neural Network på större förändringar över tid. De senare stämmer dessutom väl överens med andra observationer såsom påbörjandet av obligationsköp. Därav indikerar resultaten att Neural Network är en mer lämplig metod för analys av riksbankens mötesprotokoll.
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Tcaciuc, Luciana. "Translation practices at the European Central Bank with reference to metaphors." Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/19561/.
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The European Union institutions represent a complex setting and a specific case of institutional translation. The European Central Bank (ECB) is a particular context as the documents translated belong to the field of economics and, thus, contain many specialised terms and neologisms that pose challenges to translators. This study aims to investigate the translation practices at the ECB, and to analyse their effects on the translated texts. In order to illustrate the way texts are translated at the ECB, the thesis will focus on metaphorical expressions and the conceptual metaphors by which they are sanctioned. Metaphor is often associated with literature and less with specialised texts. However, according to Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) conceptual metaphor theory, our conceptual system is fundamentally metaphorical in nature and metaphors are pervasive elements of thought and speech. The corpus compiled comprises economic documents translated at the ECB, mainly from English into Romanian. Using corpus analysis, the most salient metaphorical expressions were identified in the source and target texts and explained with reference to the main conceptual metaphors. Translation strategies are discussed on the basis of a comparison of the source and target texts. The text-based analysis is complemented by questionnaires distributed to translators, which give insights into the institution’s translation practices. As translation is an institutional process, translators have to follow certain guidelines and practices; these are discussed with reference to translators’ agency. A gap was identified in the field of institutional translation. The translation process in the EU institutions has been insufficiently explored, especially regarding the new languages of the European Union. By combining the analysis of the institutional practices, the texts produced in the institution and the translators’ work (by the questionnaires distributed to translators), this thesis intends to bring a contribution to institutional translation and metaphor translation, particularly regarding a new EU language, Romanian.
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M'Baye, Cheick Kader. "Theoretical and empirical essays on inflation targeting and central bank transparency." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22010.
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Cette thèse contribue au débat sur les politiques de ciblage d’inflation et de transparence des banques centrales en présentant notamment trois essais théoriques et empiriques sur le sujet. Dans le premier essai, nous étudions théoriquement les conditions sous lesquelles il serait optimal pour une banque centrale d’adopter explicitement un régime de ciblage d’inflation. Nous proposons un nouveau cadre théorique qui combine les deux principales raisons avancées dans la littérature pour expliquer les effets réels à court terme de la politique monétaire et qui sont d’une part, la présence d’informations hétérogènes entre les agents économiques (Phelps, 1970 ; Lucas, 1972), et d’autre part, la rigidité des salaires ou des prix (Taylor, 1980 ; Calvo, 1983). Nous analysons ensuite notre problématique dans ce nouveau cadre en considérant l’interaction entre le degré de rigidité des prix, et le degré de complémentarités stratégiques dans la fixation de prix des firmes. Nos résultats montrent que l’adoption d’un régime de ciblage d’inflation dépend fortement de l’importance relative des paramètres du modèle. En particulier, nous montrons que le ciblage d’inflation devrait être toujours adopté lorsque les complémentarités stratégiques sont faibles, alors que dans le cas contraire, il est optimal uniquement lorsque les prix sont assez rigides et que la banque centrale détient des informations suffisamment précises sur les fondamentaux de l’économie. Dans le second essai, nous utilisons la macroéconomie expérimentale afin d’évaluer dans quelle mesure l’annonce de la cible d’inflation est pertinente dans un cadre de ciblage de l’inflation. Nos résultats montrent que lorsque la banque centrale ne se soucie que de la stabilisation de l’inflation, l’annonce de la cible d’inflation n’apporte pas de gain supplémentaire en termes de performances macro-économiques, par rapport à une politique monétaire active (type règle de Taylor). Cependant, si la banque centrale intègre également la stabilisation de l’activité économique dans ses objectifs, la communication de la cible contribue à réduire la volatilité de l’inflation, du taux d’intérêt, et de l’écart de production, bien que leurs niveaux moyens ne soient pas affectés. Ce résultat fournit ainsi une justification pour l’adoption d’un régime de ciblage flexible d’inflation par la majorité des pays ciblant l’inflation. Enfin dans le troisième essai, nous appliquons une analyse transversale ainsi que la technique des variables instrumentales, afin d’analyser les effets de la transparence des banques centrales sur les résultats macroéconomiques dans les pays émergents. Nous construisons un nouvel indice de transparence qui combine certains aspects de l’indice de transparence globale d’Eijffinger et Geraats (2006), avec ceux de l’indice de transparence sur le comité de politique monétaire de Hayo et Mazhar (2011). Nous analysons ensuite le rôle individuel de chaque composante du nouvel indice en termes de réduction du niveau de l’inflation et de sa volatilité, ainsi que de la volatilité du produit. Contrairement à la littérature antérieure, nous trouvons que le nouvel indice de transparence ainsi que ses aspects économique, politique, procédurale et de transparence sur la politique monétaire impactent négativement le niveau moyen de l’inflation, mais pas sa volatilité dans ces pays. L’unique composante du nouvel indice qui permet de réduire à la fois la volatilité de l’inflation et celle de la production est la transparence opérationnelle. Ces résultats s’avèrent robustes aux différentes spécifications de modèles économétriques utilisés dans cet essaiThis dissertation contributes to the debate on inflation targeting and central bantransparency by presenting three theoretical and empirical essays on the topic. In the first essay, we theoretically investigate the conditions under which it would be optimal for a central bank to explicitly adopt an inflation targeting regime. We propose a new theoretical framework that combines the two main frictions put forward in the literature to explain the real short run effects of monetary policy that is, heterogeneous information among agents (Phelps, 1970; Lucas, 1972), and wage or price rigidities (Taylor, 1980; Calvo, 1983). We then analyze our issue in this new framework by considering the interaction between the degree of price stickiness, and the degree of strategic complementarities in firms’ price setting. Our results show that adopting an inflation targeting regime crucially depends on the relative importance of the model’s parameters. In particular, we show that inflation targeting should always be adopted when strategic complementarities are low, while in the opposite case, it is optimal only if prices are sticky enough and the central bank holds sufficiently accurate information on the fundamentals of the economy. In the second essay, we use experimental macroeconomics to evaluate to what extent communication of the inflation target is relevant in an inflation targeting framework. Our results show that first, when the central bank only cares about inflation stabilization, announcing the inflation target does not make a difference in terms of macroeconomic performance compared to a standard active monetary policy. However, if the central bank also cares about the stabilization of the economic activity, communicating the target helps to reduce the volatility of inflation, interest rate, and output gap although their average levels are not affected. This finding provides a rationale for the adoption of flexible inflation targeting by the majority of inflation targeting countries. In the third essay, using a cross-sectional analysis and instrumental variables technique, we analyze the impact of central bank transparency on macroeconomic outcomes in emerging economies. We build a new index of transparency that combines some aspects of the overall Eijffinger and Geraats (2006) transparency index, with those of monetary policy committee transparency developed in Hayo and Mazhar (2011). We then analyze the individual role of each component of the new index in mitigating inflation and its volatility, as well as output volatility. By contrast to the previous literature, we interestingly find that the overall new index of transparency as well as its political, economic, procedural, and policy aspects negatively impact the average level of inflation, but not its volatility in these countries. The unique component of the new index that reduces the volatility of both inflation and output is operational transparency, and these results are robust to different econometric and instruments setting specifications
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Maloy, James Ronald. "The Political Economy of Partisan Politics, Elections and Central Bank Independence." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487571.
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This thesis investigates the political economy of partisan politics, elections and central bank independence. . The first chapter, 'Partisan Business Cycles and Central Bank Independence,' is an empirical investigation of how independent central banks affect the existence of partisan inflation cycles. No systematic evidence is found of any consistent link between the degree of central bank independence and the existence of partisan cycles in inflation·data; indeed, some of the evidence indicates that partisan differences in inflation are more noticeable in nations with more independent central banks. . The subsequent chapter, 'Elections and Central Bank Independence,' builds on these results to investigate the impact of electoral timing and central bank independence on ip.flation outcomes. It is hypothesised that inflation expectations under an independent central bank will be lower than under politically determined inflation. As inflation expectations are a significant factor in decision-making, higher central bank independence is expected to have a negative marginal effect on inflation in the period immediately following an election. Evidence is found of such an effect; the duration is sensitive to whether an incumbent party or challenger wins an election as well as the time period under consideration. The final chapter, 'Wage Bargaining, Politically-Induced Inflation Uncertainty and Central Bank Independence: An Experimental Investigation,' studies bargaining in which payoffs are affected by the infl~ionrate. The purpose of this chapter is to '3.nalyse the effect ofpolitically-induced inflation uncertainty on wage bargaining, and the effect of reducing this uncertainty by granting political independence to the central bank. Average,agreements are typically close to the expected value of inflation in most treatments, although the variance is large. Switching from politically-determined inflation to an independent central bank has no significant impact on average agreements even if the independent central bank pursues inflation lower than the expected value under politics. Agreements are influenced by factors including bargaining power and past agreements.
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Bernal, Oscar. "Financial information flows and central bank interventions: the case of Japan." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210599.
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La thèse comporte deux parties. Dans la première partie (Chapitres 1 et 2), un examen des déterminants des interventions officielles sur le marché des changes est proposée. Dans la second partie (Chapitres 3 et 4), c'est la problématique des interventions dites « secrètes » qui est étudiée. Chapitre 1: « Talks, financial operations or both »
Ce chapitre propose une nouvelle approche aux fonctions de réaction permettant d’examiner, dans un même modèle, les déterminants des différents types d’interventions (les interventions effectives et les interventions orales). Le modèle permet de mieux comprendre les choix stratégiques des autorités (opérations financières ou simple politique de communication) et d’en évaluer le degré de substituabilité ou de complémentarité.
Chapitre 2 :« The institutional organization underlying interventions »
La structure institutionnelle sous-jacente au processus d’intervention (interactions entre le Ministère des finances et la banque centrale) est explicitement incorporée dans le modèle proposé dans ce chapitre. Cette approche permet d’évaluer, dans quelle mesure, le Ministère des finances (l’autorité responsable de la politique de change), en intervenant sur le marché, internalise les objectifs de la banque centrale(l’agent du Ministère pour l’implémentation des ordres d’intervention).
Chapitre 3 :« The secrecy puzzle »
Ce chapitre propose une évaluation empirique des différents arguments théoriques expliquant le recours aux interventions secrètes. Le travail repose sur l’examen économétrique d’une fonction de stratégie, dans laquelle, des déterminants relatifs à la décision d’intervenir secrètement d’une part et, d’autre part, des déterminants relatifs à la détection des interventions par le marché sont incorporés.
Chapitre 4 :« A unified approach to interventions »
Un modèle unique, permettant d’expliquer les trois étapes du processus d’intervention, est proposé dans ce chapitre. Ces trois étapes sont relatives (i) au choix d’intervenir, (ii) au choix d’intervenir de façon secrète et (iii) à la perception des interventions par le marché. Grâce à l’inclusion de déterminants spécifiques pour ces différentes étapes, cette approche multidimensionnelle permet d’appréhender leurs interrelations et, donc, de mieux comprendre les différents arbitrages réalisés par les autorités lorsqu’elles décident d’intervenir.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished