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1

Iwundu, Mary Paschal. "Alternative Second-Order N-Point Spherical Response Surface Methodology Design and Their Efficiencies." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 5, no. 4 (2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v5n4p22.

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The equiradial designs are studied as alternative second-order N-point spherical Response Surface Methodology designs in two variables, for design radius ρ = 1.0. These designs are seen comparable with the standard second-order response surface methodology designs, namely the Central Composite Designs. The D-efficiencies of the equiradial designs are evaluated with respect to the spherical Central Composite Designs. Furthermore, D-efficiencies of the equiradial designs are evaluated with respect to the D-optimal exact designs defined on the design regions of the Circumscribed Central Composite
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2

Iwundu, M. P., and D. E. Nwoshopo. "Efficiency of modified central composite designs with fractional factorial replicates for five-variable nonstandard models." Scientia Africana 21, no. 1 (2022): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sa.v21i1.17.

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The efficiencies of standard central composite designs are compared with modified central composite designs on non-standard models using D- and G-efficiency criteria. Diagonal elements of the Hat matrix are utilized in the construction of the modified central composite designs. Fractional factorial replicates are used to maintain manageable design sizes. Results show that D-efficiencies of the designs decline for standard CCDs as the number of missing quadratic terms increases but increase with modified CCDs for increased number of missing quadratic terms. Similarly, G-efficiencies of the desi
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3

Sim, Chol-Ho. "Application of Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Process in Food Technology." Food Engineering Progress 15, no. 2 (2011): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.13050/foodengprog.2011.15.2.97.

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A review about the application of response surface methodology in the optimization of food technology is presented. The theoretical principles of response surface methodology and steps for its application are described. The response surface methodologies : three-level full factorial, central composite, Box-Behnken, and Doehlert designs are compared in terms of characteristics and efficiency. Furthermore, recent references of their uses in food technology are presented. A comparison between the response surface designs (three-level full factorial, central composite, Box-Behnken and Doehlert des
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4

M. P., Iwundu,. "Construction of Modified Central Composite Designs for Non-standard Models." International Journal of Statistics and Probability 7, no. 5 (2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v7n5p95.

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The use of loss function in studying the reduction in determinant of information matrix due to missing observations has effectively produced designs that are robust to missing observations. Modified central composite designs are constructed for non-standard models using principles of the loss function or equivalently first compound of (I ) matrix associated with hat matrix . Although central composite designs (CCDs) are reasonably robust to model mis-specifications, efficient designs with fewer design points are more economical. By classifying the losses due to missing design points in the CCD
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5

O. Ngonadi, Lilian, and Francis C. Eze. "Some Optimality Variations of Central Composite Designs." Academic Journal of Applied Mathematical Sciences, no. 54 (April 15, 2019): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajams.54.32.42.

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Some variations of central composite designs (CCD) under complete and partial replications of cube, axial and center points are studied using A, D and G optimality criteria. The results obtained suggest that complete replication of the cube, axial and center points are better than the partial replication of cube, axial and center points under the A and D optimality criteria studied while it varies under G optimality criterion. The partial replication of the cube, axial and center point for all the CCDs studied, the partial replicated cube point is D optimal but varies under A and G optimality
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6

O. Ngonadi, Lilian, and Francis C. Eze. "Some Optimality Variations of Central Composite Designs." Academic Journal of Applied Mathematical Sciences, no. 54 (April 15, 2019): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajams.54.32.42.

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Some variations of central composite designs (CCD) under complete and partial replications of cube, axial and center points are studied using A, D and G optimality criteria. The results obtained suggest that complete replication of the cube, axial and center points are better than the partial replication of cube, axial and center points under the A and D optimality criteria studied while it varies under G optimality criterion. The partial replication of the cube, axial and center point for all the CCDs studied, the partial replicated cube point is D optimal but varies under A and G optimality
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7

Jensen, D. R. "C432. Efficiency comparisons of central composite designs." Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 52, no. 2 (1995): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00949659508811664.

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8

E.I., Jaja, Etuk E.H., Iwundu M.P., and Amos E. "Robustness of Central Composite Design and Modified Central Composite Design to a Missing Observation for Non-Standard Models." African Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies 4, no. 2 (2021): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajmss-c5nkoi81.

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Missing observations in an experimental design may lead to ambiguity in decision making thereby bringing an experiment to disrepute. Robustness, therefore, enables a process, not to break down in the presence of missing observations. This work constructed a modified central composite design (MCCD) from a four-variable central composite design (CCD) augmented with four center points using the leverage of a hat-matrix. The robustness of the CCD and MCCD were assessed when a design point is missing at the factorial, axial, and center points of the experiment, for a non-standard model, using the l
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9

M. P., Iwundu. "Useful Numerical Statistics of Some Response Surface Methodology Designs." Journal of Mathematics Research 8, no. 4 (2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v8n4p40.

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<p>Useful numerical evaluations associated with three categories of Response Surface Methodology designs are presented with respect to five commonly encountered alphabetic optimality criteria. The first-order Plackett-Burman designs and the Factorial designs are examined for the main effects models and the complete first-order models respectively. The second-order Central Composite Designs are examined for second-order models. The A-, D-, E-, G- and T-optimality criteria are employed as commonly encountered optimality criteria summarizing how good the experimental designs are. Relationsh
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10

Sanchez, Susan M., and Paul J. Sanchez. "Very large fractional factorial and central composite designs." ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation 15, no. 4 (2005): 362–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1113316.1113320.

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11

Palasota, John A., and Stanley N. Deming. "Central composite experimental designs: Applied to chemical systems." Journal of Chemical Education 69, no. 7 (1992): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed069p560.

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12

Mays, Darcy P., and Karen R. Schwartz. "Two-stage central composite designs with dispersion effects." Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 61, no. 3 (1998): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00949659808811910.

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13

M.P., Iwundu, and Oko E.T. "Design Efficiency and Optimal Values of Replicated Central Composite Designs with Full Factorial Portions." African Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies 4, no. 3 (2021): 89–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajmss-ajwdyp0v.

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Efficiency and optimal properties of four varieties of Central Composite Design, namely, SCCD, RCCD, OCCD and FCCD and having r_f replicates of the full factorial portion, r_α replicates of the axial portion and r_c replicates of the center portion are studied in four to six design variables. Optimal combination,[r_f: r_α: r_c ] of design points associated with the three portions of each central composite design is presented. For SCCD, the optimal combinations resulting in A- and D- efficient designs generally put emphasis on replicating the center portion of the SCCD. However, replicating the
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14

Ohaegbulem, Emmanuel, and Polycarp Chigbu. "An approach to measuring rotatability in central composite designs." International Journal of Advanced Statistics and Probability 3, no. 2 (2015): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijasp.v3i2.4657.

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<p>An approach to measure design rotatability and a measure, that quantifies the percentage of rotatability (from 0 to 100) in the central composite designs are introduced. This new approach is quite different from the ones provided by previous authors which assessed design rotatability by the viewing of tediously obtained contour diagrams. This new approach has not practical limitations, and the measure is very easy to compute. Some examples were used to express this approach.</p>
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15

Iwundu, Mary, and Henry Onu. "Equiradial designs under changing axial distances, design sizes and varying center runs with their relationships to the central composite designs." International Journal of Advanced Statistics and Probability 5, no. 2 (2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijasp.v5i2.7701.

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In assessing the preferences of equiradial designs based on design size, axial distance and number of center points in relation to the central composite designs, D-absolute deviation (D-AD) and G-absolute deviation (G-AD) are proposed as new design measures of closeness of experimental designs. Each absolute deviation is positive or zero. The G-absolute deviation is zero or approximately zero at equals 1 center point. For greater than 1, G-absolute deviation decreases for increasing values of . On the other hand, the D-absolute deviation decreases as the design size increases. Designs having G
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16

Gregor, Milan, Patrik Grznar, Stefan Mozol, and Lucia Mozolova. "Design of simulation experiments using Central Composite Design." Acta Simulatio 9, no. 2 (2023): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/asim.v9i2.99.

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In the context of research and development, it is key to achieve accurate and reliable results. However, often to obtain these results, a large number of experiments must be performed, which can significantly extend the research time and increase computational requirements. The solution to these problems may be efficient experimental planning, which allows for a reduction in the number of trials and optimization of the process. This article provides an insight into Central Composite Design (CCD) and its use in simulation experiments. We introduce various types of CCD designs, such as CCC (Cent
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17

Ohaegbulem, Emmanuel Uchenna, and Polycarp Emeka Chigbu. "A measure of orthogonality for the central composite designs." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 51, no. 9 (2021): 2710–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2021.1982984.

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18

Angelopoulos, P., H. Evangelaras, and C. Koukouvinos. "Small, balanced, efficient and near rotatable central composite designs." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 139, no. 6 (2009): 2010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2008.09.001.

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19

Park, Sung H., and Kiho Kim. "Construction of central composite designs for balanced orthogonal blocks." Journal of Applied Statistics 29, no. 6 (2002): 885–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664760220136195.

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20

Wang, Li, G. Geoffrey Vining, and Scott M. Kowalski. "Two-strata rotatability in split-plot central composite designs." Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry 26, no. 4 (2009): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asmb.796.

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21

Kim, Hyuk Joo. "A Study of Slope Rotatability of Rotatable Response Surface Designs." Korean Data Analysis Society 27, no. 1 (2025): 59–70. https://doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2025.27.1.59.

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One of good properties that response surface experimental designs may have is rotatability. When we are interested in estimating the rates of change of the value of the response variable resulting from change of the value of the explanatory variable, slope rotatability is a very desirable property. Response surface designs cannot simultaneously have rotatability and slope rotatability. So we often need a design among rotatable designs which is as close to a slope-rotatable design as possible. Based on this necessity, in this paper we studied about the degree of slope rotatability of response s
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22

Ravikumar, B. Venkata. "Second Type Second Order Slope Rotatable Designs Utilizing Balanced Incomplete Block Designs with Unequal Block Sizes." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 2 (2025): 1199–206. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.67043.

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Kim and Ko proposed second type second order slope rotatable designs (SOSRD) utilizing central composite designs (CCD) wherein the two digits   1 2 a , a denotes the position of star points. In this study, we propose SOSRD of second type utilizing balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD) with unequal block sizes. In specific cases, the recommended procedure results in fewer design points than SOSRD of second type acquired through pairwise balanced designs (PBD), symmetrical unequal block arrangements (SUBA) with two unequal block sizes and balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD).
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23

Ebrahimi-Najafabadi, Heshmatollah, Riccardo Leardi, and Mehdi Jalali-Heravi. "Experimental Design in Analytical Chemistry—Part I: Theory." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 97, no. 1 (2014): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgeebrahimi1.

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Abstract This paper reviews the main concepts of experimental design applicable to the optimization of analytical chemistry techniques. The critical steps and tools for screening, including Plackett-Burman, factorial and fractional factorial designs, and response surface methodology such as central composite, Box-Behnken, and Doehlert designs, are discussed. Some useful routines are also presented for performing the procedures.
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24

Marget, Wilmina M., and Max D. Morris. "Central Composite Experimental Designs for Multiple Responses With Different Models." Technometrics 61, no. 4 (2019): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00401706.2018.1549102.

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25

Mays, Darcy P. "Optimal Central Composite Designs in the Presence of Dispersion Effects." Journal of Quality Technology 31, no. 4 (1999): 398–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224065.1999.11979946.

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26

Ukaegbu, Eugene C., and Polycarp E. Chigbu. "Evaluation of Orthogonally Blocked Central Composite Designs with Partial Replications." Sankhya B 79, no. 1 (2016): 112–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13571-016-0120-z.

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27

Yakubu, Y., and A. U. Chukwu. "Missing Observations in Split-Plot Central Composite Designs: The Loss in Relative A-, G-, and V- Efficiency." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 2 (2021): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i2.16.

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The trace (A), maximum average prediction variance (G), and integrated average prediction variance (V) criteria are experimental design evaluation criteria, which are based on precision of estimates of parameters and responses. Central Composite Designs(CCD) conducted within a split-plot structure (split-plot CCDs) consists of factorial (𝑓), whole-plot axial (𝛼), subplot axial (𝛽), and center (𝑐) points, each of which play different role in model estimation. This work studies relative A-, G- and V-efficiency losses due to missing pairs of observations in split-plot CCDs under different ratios
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28

Venkata Ravikumar B and Victorbabu B. Re. "Second type second order slope rotatable designs utilizing symmetrical unequal block arrangements with two unequal block sizes." International Journal of Scientific Research Updates 8, no. 1 (2024): 054–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2024.8.1.0047.

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Kim and Ko developed second order slope rotatable designs (SOSRD) of second type utilizing central composite designs (CCD), in which two numbers are used to represent the positions of star points. In this paper, we suggest second type SOSRD utilizing symmetrical unequal block arrangements (SUBA) with two unequal block sizes. In some cases, the suggested method may develop designs containing fewer design points than second type SOSRD obtained utilizing CCD, pairwise balanced designs (PBD) and balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD). The first order partial derivative's for estimated second ord
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29

Bagchi, Tapan, and R. P. Mohanty. "A Deep Learning Prototype Tested Against 2nd Order Statistical Central Composite Design (CCD) Models." Journal of Data Analytics and Engineering Decision Making 1, no. 1 (2024): 01–10. https://doi.org/10.33140/jdaedm.01.01.01.

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This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of deep learning (DL), a burgeoning aspect of machine learning and artificial intelligence, in exploring input-response dependencies from observed data, especially when complex nonlinearities are present. DL has the potential to be at least as effective as, if not better than, traditional statistical techniques such as response surface methodology (RSM). To test this hypothesis, we developed DL models using Tensor flow and compared their predictions against those of well-established statistical models. Our DL models were hyper parameter tuned using
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30

Suphirat, Chawanee, and Wasinee Pradubsri. "Comparison of the Three Types of Central Composite Designs Over Subsets of Reduced Models by Design Optimality Criteria." Trends in Sciences 21, no. 11 (2024): 8193. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.8193.

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The purpose of this article is to compare the 3 important types of central composite designs (CCDs) consisting of central composite circumscribed design (CCCD), central composite inscribed design (CCID), and central composite face-centroid design (CCFD) in response surface methodology (RSM). The difference among these designs is the distance from the center design to the axial points. The comparison was performed across the full second-order response surface model and across a set of reduced models for 3, 4, and 5 design factors ( 3, 4, and 5) including 1, 3, and 5 center runs ( 1, 3, and 5).
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31

Borkowski, John J. "Spherical Prediction-Variance Properties of Central Composite and Box-Behnken Designs." Technometrics 37, no. 4 (1995): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1269732.

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32

Yakubu, Yisa, Angela Unna Chukwu, Bamiduro Timothy Adebayo, and Amahia Godwin Nwanzo. "Effects of Missing Observations on Predictive Capability of Central Composite Designs." International Journal on Computational Science & Applications 4, no. 6 (2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsa.2014.4601.

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33

Borkowski, John J. "Spherical Prediction-Variance Properties of Central Composite and Box—Behnken Designs." Technometrics 37, no. 4 (1995): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1995.10484373.

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34

Kim, Hyuk-Joo, and Yun-Mi Ko. "On Slope Rotatability of Central Composite Designs of the Second Type." Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods 11, no. 1 (2004): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2004.11.1.121.

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35

Leksakul, Komgrit, and Alonggot Limcharoen. "Central composite designs coupled with simulation techniques for optimizing RIE process." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 70, no. 5-8 (2013): 1219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5374-2.

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36

E.I., Jaja, Iwundu M.P., and Etuk E.H. "The Comparative Study of CCD and MCCD in the Presence of a Missing Design Point." African Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies 4, no. 2 (2021): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajmss-jf1a1dza.

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The work constructed a modified central composite design from a rotatable central composite design augmented with seven center points adapted from the work of Wu and Li (2002). The comparison of the robustness of the CCD and MCCD to missing observation was investigated at various design points of factorial, axial and center points’ when the model is non-standard, using A-efficiency and the Losses associated. The results of the evaluations of the designs to missing observations are presented, and the MCCD is shown to be more A-optimal while the CCD is more robust and relatively A-efficient to a
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37

Umer, R., Z. Barsoum, HZ Jishi, K. Ushijima, and WJ Cantwell. "Analysis of the compression behaviour of different composite lattice designs." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 6 (2017): 715–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317714531.

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Four all-composite lattice designs were produced using a lost-mould procedure that involved inserting carbon fibre tows through holes in a core. Following resin infusion and curing, samples were heated to melt the core, leaving well-defined lattice structures based on what are termed BCC, BCCz, FCC and F2BCC designs. Analytical and numerical models for predicting the mechanical properties of the four designs are presented and these results are compared with the experimental data from the quasi-static compression tests. Compression tests on the four lattice structures indicated that the F2BCC l
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38

Dalarsson, Mariana, and Raj Mittra. "Exact analytical solutions of continuously graded models of flat lenses based on transformation optics." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 30, no. 4 (2017): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1704639d.

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We present a study of exact analytic solutions for electric and magnetic fields in continuously graded flat lenses designed utilizing transformation optics. The lenses typically consist of a number of layers of graded index dielectrics in both the radial and longitudinal directions, where the central layer in the longitudinal direction primarily contributes to a bulk of the phase transformation, while other layers act as matching layers and reduce the reflections at the interfaces of the middle layer. Such lenses can be modeled as compact composites with continuous permittivity (and if needed)
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Zlatanovska, Katerina, Ljuben Guguvcevski, Risto Popovski, Cena Dimova, Ana Minovska, and Aneta Mijoska. "Fracture Resistance of Composite Veneers with Different Preparation Designs." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 20, no. 2 (2016): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjdm-2016-0016.

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Summary Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the fracture load of composite veneers using three different preparation designs. Material and methods: Fifteen extracted, intact, human maxillary central incisors were selected. Teeth were divided into three groups with different preparation design: 1) feather preparation, 2) bevel preparation, and 3) incisal overlap- palatal chamfer. Teeth were restored with composite veneers, and the specimens were loaded to failure. The localization of the fracture was recorded as incisal, gingival or combined. Results: Composite veneers wit
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40

Borkowski, John J. "Finding maximum G-criterion values for central composite designs on the hypercube." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 24, no. 8 (1995): 2041–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610929508831601.

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41

Ghosh, Subir, and Chinglin Lai. "Measuring influence of observations in predict1on and estimation for central composite designs." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 26, no. 1 (1997): 233–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610919708813376.

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42

Liong, Shie-Yui, Jaya ShreeRam, and Yaacob Ibrahim. "Catchment Calibration Using Fractional-Factorial and Central-Composite-Designs-Based Response Surface." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 121, no. 6 (1995): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1995)121:6(507).

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43

Kim, Hyuk-Joo. "Extended Central Composite Designs with the Axial Points Indicated by Two Numbers." Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods 9, no. 3 (2002): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2002.9.3.595.

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44

Yakubu, Y., and AU Chukwu. "Split-Plot Central Composite Designs Robust to a Pair of Missing Observations." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 22, no. 9 (2018): 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v22i9.08.

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45

Xie, Yu Feng, Xiao Lei Ma, Yun Feng Gao, and Xing Da Lu. "Optimization of Fermentation Medium for Pullulan Production by Aureobasidium pullulans A225 Using Plackett-Burman and Response Surface Methodology." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.279.

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In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the medium based on the PlackettBurman and Central-Composite Designs for the production of pullulan using a strain of Auerobasidium pullulans A225. Peptone, K2HPO4, and MgSO4 were found to have significant effects on pullulan production using the PlackettBurman Design. The steepest ascent experiment was adopted to determine the optimal region of the medium composition. The concentrations of the three above mentioned compounds were further optimized using the Central-Composite Design. Results showed that the final concentrat
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46

Aly, Magdy M., Shaimaa S. Ibrahim, and Rania M. Hathout. "The Re-Modeling of a Polymeric Drug Delivery System Using Smart Response Surface Designs: A Sustainable Approach for the Consumption of Fewer Resources." ChemEngineering 9, no. 3 (2025): 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering9030060.

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Introduction: The use of response surface designs for drug formulation is highly warranted nowadays. Such smart designs reduce the number of required experiments compared to full-factorial designs, while providing highly accurate and reliable results. Aim: This study compares the effectiveness of two of the most commonly used response surface designs—Central Composite Design (CCD) and D-optimal Design (DOD)—in modeling a polymer-based drug delivery system. The performance of the two designs was further evaluated under a challenging scenario where a central point was deliberately converted into
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47

Yeesa, Peang-or, and Sudarat Nidsunkid. "Finding Robust Response Surface Designs With Blocking Using a Model-Weighted A-Optimality Criterion." International Journal of Analysis and Applications 22 (September 2, 2024): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-22-2024-150.

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This paper proposes a new approach to finding robust response surface designs that can accommodate potential model misspecifications. To achieve this, experimental designs that are robust across all potential models were considered prior to data collection. Blocking effects were combined into all possible models, and the set of all reduced models was obtained using the weak heredity principle. The objective of this study was to propose the use of the geometric mean of A-optimalities as a new weighted A-optimality criterion for finding robust response surface designs. Both a genetic algorithm (
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48

Chigbu, Polycarp E., and Eugene C. Ukaegbu. "Recent Developments on Partial Replications of Response Surface Central Composite Designs: A Review." Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability 6, no. 1 (2017): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18576/jsap/060108.

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Ukaegbu, Eugene C., and Polycarp E. Chigbu. "Comparison of Prediction Capabilities of Partially Replicated Central Composite Designs in Cuboidal Region." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 44, no. 2 (2014): 406–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2012.745561.

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Coetzer, R. L. J., L. M. Haines, and L. P. Fatti. "Central composite designs for estimating the optimum conditions for a second-order model." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 141, no. 5 (2011): 1764–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2010.11.026.

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