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Journal articles on the topic 'Central death rate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Stokes, Marjorie, and Art O'Connor. "Deaths in the Central Mental Hospital." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 6, no. 2 (1989): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700015500.

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AbstractAll deaths occurring in the in-patient population of the Central Mental Hospital during the period 1963 to 1987 inclusive were examined. The death rate during the total period was 11.7 per 1,000 admissions. The suicide rate during the total period was 3.9 per 1,000 admissions – there had been no suicides during the most recent five year period. Although the admission rate has been rising since the mid-1970s, the death rate over the last fifteen years has remained stable.Many of the deaths prior to 1970 were in elderly long stay patients who died from natural causes. Five deaths in youn

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Yener, Nazik, Muhammed Şükrü Paksu, and Özlem Köksoy. "Brain Death in Children: Incidence, Donation Rates, and the Occurrence of Central Diabetes Insipidus." Journal of Critical Care Medicine 4, no. 1 (2018): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jccm-2018-0005.

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AbstractIntroduction: Brain death is currently defined as the loss of full brain function including the brainstem. The diagnosis and its subsequent management in the pediatric population are still controversial. The aim of this study was to define the demographic characteristics, clinical features and outcomes of patients with brain death and determine the incidence of brain death, donation rates and occurrence of central diabetes insipidus accompanying brain death in children.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a twelve-bed tertiary-care combined medical and surgical pediatric

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Djonovic, Nela, Dragan Vasiljevic, Milos Stepovic, et al. "Effects of meteorological conditions on mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 148, no. 7-8 (2020): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh190509131d.

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Introduction/Objective. Previous studies have confirmed the effect of different meteorological parameters on patients suffering from lung diseases. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of meteorological phases on the death rate from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods. The data on the number of deaths caused by COPD and meteorological phases during a five-year period (2011?2015) in Sumadija District (Central Serbia) were obtained from the Republic Hydrometeorological Service and the Center for Biostatistics and Informatics of the Kragujevac Institute of Pub

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Marinkovic, Ivan. "The differences in mortality in central Serbia and Vojvodina." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 131 (2010): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1031359m.

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For almost 60 years has been recorded a higher crude death rate in Vojvodina in relation to central Serbia. Sounds paradoxical that the mortality of infants and young children in Vojvodina is lower, the average age of the population is lower, and that the crude death rate is higher than in central Serbia. Life expectancy was lower during the entire period in Vojvodina, especially in men. This paper will analyze mortality by age and sex in the period 1950-2008. The main subject of this research is the difference in specific rates of mortality of these two areas. Also, we explore the difference

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Roncevic, Nevenka, and Aleksandra Stojadinovic. "Mortality rate of adolescents in the Republic of Serbia." Medical review 61, no. 9-10 (2008): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0810503r.

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Introduction. Adolescents are the healthiest age group of the population but many studies show that period of adolescence is marked by significant morbidity and mortality. Health indicators of adolescent population have been getting worse during past decades. The aim of this study was to determine mortality rate of adolescents in the Republic of Serbia to determine most common causes of death in adolescence and to explore regional differences in adolescent mortality. Materials and methods: Documentation tables of vital statistics in the Republic of Serbia in 2004, and Documentation Tables of C

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Kamp, Bart J. Van Der. "Rate of spread of Armillariaostoyae in the central interior of British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 6 (1993): 1239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-156.

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A stem map showing the symptom status of 110-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees along the edge of a large Armillaria center was prepared in 1989 and the area was resurveyed in 1992. The rate of spread of Armillariaostoyae (Romagnesi) Herink during this time was 0.22 m/year. The average time from first appearance of aboveground symptoms (mainly basal resinosis) to tree death was 6 years. Small trees died more quickly than large ones.

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Qi, Xin. "A functional central limit theorem for spatial birth and death processes." Advances in Applied Probability 40, no. 03 (2008): 759–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800002780.

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We give a functional central limit theorem for spatial birth and death processes based on the representation of such processes as solutions of stochastic equations. For any bounded and integrable function in Euclidean space, we define a family of processes which is obtained by integrals of this function with respect to the centered and scaled spatial birth and death process with constant death rate. We prove that this family converges weakly to a Gaussian process as the scale parameter goes to infinity. We do not need the birth rates to have a finite range of interaction. Instead, we require t

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Qi, Xin. "A functional central limit theorem for spatial birth and death processes." Advances in Applied Probability 40, no. 3 (2008): 759–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1222868185.

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We give a functional central limit theorem for spatial birth and death processes based on the representation of such processes as solutions of stochastic equations. For any bounded and integrable function in Euclidean space, we define a family of processes which is obtained by integrals of this function with respect to the centered and scaled spatial birth and death process with constant death rate. We prove that this family converges weakly to a Gaussian process as the scale parameter goes to infinity. We do not need the birth rates to have a finite range of interaction. Instead, we require t

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Somchiwong, Malinee. "Trends in perinatal mortality attributed to congenital malformations in England and Wales during 1974–81: a study of the variations among regional Health Authority areas." Journal of Biosocial Science 22, no. 2 (1990): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018502.

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SummaryAnalysis of perinatal mortality attributed to congenital malformations in England and Wales, using data from birth and death registration over the years 1974–81 showed significant declines in England and Wales as a whole and in the individual Regional Health Authority (RHA) areas. A greater decrease in death rate from congenital malformations, particularly central nervous system malformations, was seen among stillbirths than among early neonatal deaths. There were marked regional differences in perinatal mortality due to central nervous system malformations over the period but not in ca

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Kjær, Jesper N⊘rgaard, Robert Biskin, Claus Vestergaard, and Povl Munk-J⊘rgensen. "All-Cause Mortality of Hospital-Treated Borderline Personality Disorder: A Nationwide Cohort Study." Journal of Personality Disorders 34, no. 6 (2020): 723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2018_32_403.

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Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are known to present frequently in emergency rooms, and they have a high rate of suicide. The mortality rate of patients with BPD is still unclear. The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and The Danish Register for Causes of Death were used to identify patients with a first-ever diagnosis of BPD (ICD-10: F60.31) from 1995 through 2011 together with time and cause of death. A total of 10,545 patients with a BPD diagnosis were followed for a mean time of 7.98 years. A total of 547 deaths were registered. The standardized mortality rat

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Krzyżak, Michalina, Dominik Maślach, Martyna Skrodzka, et al. "Joinpoint Regression Analysis of Potential Years of Life Lost Due to Main Causes of Death in Poland, Years 2002–2011." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 35, no. 1 (2013): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2013-0042.

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Abstract The purpose of the study was to analyse the level and the trends of Potential Years of Life Lost due to the main causes of death in Poland in the years 2002-2011. The material for the study was the information from the Central Statistical Office on the number of deaths due to the main causes of death in Poland in the years 2002-2011. The premature mortality analysis was conducted with the use of the PYLL (Potential Years of Life Lost) indicator. PYLL rate was calculated following the method proposed by J. Romeder, according to which premature mortality was defined as death before the

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Magee, Andrew F., Sebastian Höhna, Tetyana I. Vasylyeva, Adam D. Leaché, and Vladimir N. Minin. "Locally adaptive Bayesian birth-death model successfully detects slow and rapid rate shifts." PLOS Computational Biology 16, no. 10 (2020): e1007999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007999.

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Birth-death processes have given biologists a model-based framework to answer questions about changes in the birth and death rates of lineages in a phylogenetic tree. Therefore birth-death models are central to macroevolutionary as well as phylodynamic analyses. Early approaches to studying temporal variation in birth and death rates using birth-death models faced difficulties due to the restrictive choices of birth and death rate curves through time. Sufficiently flexible time-varying birth-death models are still lacking. We use a piecewise-constant birth-death model, combined with both Gauss

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Vilella, Laura, Nuria Lacuey, Johnson P. Hampson, et al. "Postconvulsive central apnea as a biomarker for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)." Neurology 92, no. 3 (2018): e171-e182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006785.

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ObjectiveTo characterize peri-ictal apnea and postictal asystole in generalized convulsive seizures (GCS) of intractable epilepsy.MethodsThis was a prospective, multicenter epilepsy monitoring study of autonomic and breathing biomarkers of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in patients ≥18 years old with intractable epilepsy and monitored GCS. Video-EEG, thoracoabdominal excursions, nasal airflow, capillary oxygen saturation, and ECG were analyzed.ResultsWe studied 148 GCS in 87 patients. Nineteen patients had generalized epilepsy; 65 had focal epilepsy; 1 had both; and the epileptoge

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Salomão, Renato Manganelli, Tatiana Protzenko Cervante, José Francisco Manganelli Salomão, and Soniza Vieira Alves Leon. "The mortality rate after hospital discharge in patients with myelomeningocele decreased after implementation of mandatory flour fortification with folic acid." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 75, no. 1 (2017): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20160184.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the mandatory folic acid fortification of flour on mortality rates after the hospital discharge of children born with myelomeningocele, the most affected age group and the most frequent cause of death. Methods: A retrospective study of 383 children born with myelomeningocele from January 1990 to December 2013 in a high-fetal-risk reference hospital. Results: A total of 39 patients died (10.1%),of which 23 (6%) died after discharge. Most children who died were younger than 12 months of age. The most frequent cause of death was infection of the central nervous sys

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Ibrahim, Riyadh M. "Morbidity and Mortality Pattern of Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Care Unit.Central Teaching Pediatric Hospital Baghdad." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 16, no. 1 (2020): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v16i1.188.

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Background; Neonatal period is a very vulnerable period of life due to many problems, In spite of advances in perinatal and neonatal care still, the mortality rate of neonate high especially in developing country The World Health Organization estimates that globally four million neonatal deaths per year, Developing countries account for around 99% of the neonatal mortality in the world, In Iraq. Neonatal mortality rate about 19 per 1000 live births which represent 56% of child death below 5 years age in 2012. .Objectives The aims of the study were to determine the institutional new-born case f

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Bittencourt, Jeanine Izabel Margraf, Rosely Magalhães de Oliveira, and Ziadir Francisco Coutinho. "Paracoccidioidomycosis mortality in the State of Paraná, Brazil, 1980/1998." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 21, no. 6 (2005): 1856–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2005000600035.

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The paracoccidioidomycosis mortality rate in the State of Paraná, Brazil (1980/1998) was analyzed using the death registry data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System and the estimated population from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. To qualify the deaths, we deployed ICD-9 for 1980/1995 and ICD-10 for the more recent years. During this period there were 551 deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis in the State of Paraná. Most of the deaths were in male in the 30-59-year age group. The average annual mortality rate was 3.48 per million inhabitants, showing a tendency to

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Alam, Md Zahid, Shabnam Jahan Hoque, Md Jubaidul Islam, Mohammad Shakhawat Hossain, Aparna Rahman, and AKM Mohibullah. "Mortality in Coronary Care Unit of a Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Heart Journal 33, no. 1 (2018): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bhj.v33i1.37021.

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Background and objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide and Coronary Care Unit (CCU) plays a central role in reducing this mortality. Currently the data on mortality in CCU is very limited in our country. Our purpose of this study to provide data on mortality so that we can focus and improve the factors determining deaths in CCU. Methodology: The data of all death cases admitted in the CCU of a tertiary level hospital between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2017 were included for assessing the data on demography, diagnosis, and comorbidities at the time of

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Daud, Adil I., Jedd D. Wolchok, Caroline Robert, et al. "Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Response to the Anti–Programmed Death 1 Antibody Pembrolizumab in Melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 34 (2016): 4102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.67.2477.

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Purpose Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a potential predictive marker for response and outcome after treatment with anti–programmed death 1 (PD-1). This study explored the relationship between anti–PD-1 activity and PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced melanoma who were treated with pembrolizumab in the phase Ib KEYNOTE-001 study (clinical trial information: NCT01295827). Patients and Methods Six hundred fifty-five patients received pembrolizumab10 mg/kg once every 2 weeks or once every 3 weeks, or 2 mg/kg once every 3 weeks. Tumor response was assessed every 12 weeks

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Meats, Philip, and Bohdan Solomka. "A perspective on suicides in the ‘90s." Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 11 (1995): 666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.11.666.

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We reviewed all 112 suicides and self-harm open verdicts in Central Nottinghamshire between 1987 and 1991. The rate of consultation with general practitioners of completed suicides was similar to control patients a year before death. It then increased during the succeeding months, particularly in the month before death, when 41% consulted their general practitioner. A further 12% saw another doctor in their last month. Those who did not consult were more likely to be middle-aged, male, divorced or separated, to have experienced a recent broken relationship, and to show evidence of planning the

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Uygun, Ibrahim, Mehmet Hanifi Okur, Selcuk Otcu, and Hayrettin Ozturk. "Peripherally inserted central catheters in the neonatal period." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 26, no. 5 (2011): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502011000500014.

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PURPOSE: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) have been extensively used in neonates. However, insertion of these thinnest catheters is a very delicate procedure associated with a high failure rate. In our Neonatal Surgical Intensive Care Unit, we developed a very easy new PICC insertion and evaluated the neonates treated with PICCs which were inserted by using our technique as well as catheter features such as success rate, number of insertion attempts, reason for removal and complications. METHODS: Information was retrospectively collected on all 40 PICCs inserted at Kutahya Evliya

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Mitchell, Russel G., and Haiganoush K. Preisler. "Fall Rate of Lodgepole Pine Killed by the Mountain Pine Beetle in Central Oregon." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 13, no. 1 (1998): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/13.1.23.

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Abstract The fall rate of nearly 600 lodgepole pines(Pinus contorta)killed by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) in central Oregon was investigated in thinned and unthinned stands. Estimates were obtained by fitting a complementary log-log model to the conditional probabilities of trees falling within a given year. Snags began falling 3 yr after death in thinned stands and 5 yr in unthinned stands. Small trees fell slightly faster than large trees in thinned stands, but tree size was not a factor in the fall rate in unthinned stands. In thinned stands, 50% were down in 8 yr and

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KUNG, JAMES KAI-SING, and SHUO CHEN. "The Tragedy of the Nomenklatura: Career Incentives and Political Radicalism during China's Great Leap Famine." American Political Science Review 105, no. 1 (2011): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055410000626.

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A salient feature of China's Great Leap Famine is that political radicalism varied enormously across provinces. Using excessive grain procurement as a pertinent measure, we find that such variations were patterned systematically on the political career incentives of Communist Party officials rather than the conventionally assumed ideology or personal idiosyncrasies. Political rank alone can explain 16.83% of the excess death rate: the excess procurement ratio of provinces governed by alternate members of the Central Committee was about 3% higher than in provinces governed by full members, or t

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Carvalho, Ocília Maria Costa, Antônio Brazil Viana Junior, Matheus Costa Carvalho Augusto, et al. "Factors associated with neonatal near miss and death in public referral maternity hospitals." Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 20, no. 3 (2020): 839–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042020000300010.

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Abstract Objectives: to evaluate factors associated with neonatal near miss and death in reference hospitals. Methods: this case-control study included 364 cases and 728 controls among 4,929 births. Cases were identified by Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes, weight < 1500 g, gestational age <32 weeks, mechanical ventilation or congenital malformation. After follow-up, outcomes were reclassified into: true controls, near miss and neonatal death. Hierarchically, variables with a p-value < 0.20 were included in the multiple logistic regression. Results: the neonatal near miss rate was 54.1 per 1

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Ibrahim, Riyadh Mraweh, and Bushra Jabbar Hashem. "The outcome of newborn admitted in neonatal care unit, center teaching hospital of pediatric , Baghdad Al-krakh, 2015." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 15, no. 1 (2019): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v15i1.77.

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Background: Neonatal period is a very vulnerable period of life due to many problems, In spite of advances in perinatal and neonatal care still, the mortality rate of neonate high especially in developing country The World Health Organization estimates that globally four million neonatal deaths per year, Developing countries account for around 99% of the neonatal mortality in the world, In Iraq. Neonatal mortality rate about 19 per 1000 live births which represent 56% of child death below 5 years age in 2012. The hospital in the study represents the larger pediatric hospital in Iraq. It contai

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Stadler, Tanja, Timothy G. Vaughan, Alex Gavryushkin, et al. "How well can the exponential-growth coalescent approximate constant-rate birth–death population dynamics?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1806 (2015): 20150420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0420.

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One of the central objectives in the field of phylodynamics is the quantification of population dynamic processes using genetic sequence data or in some cases phenotypic data. Phylodynamics has been successfully applied to many different processes, such as the spread of infectious diseases, within-host evolution of a pathogen, macroevolution and even language evolution. Phylodynamic analysis requires a probability distribution on phylogenetic trees spanned by the genetic data. Because such a probability distribution is not available for many common stochastic population dynamic processes, coal

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Nguyen, Phuong T. K., Hoang T. Tran, Dominic A. Fitzgerald, Thach S. Tran, Stephen M. Graham, and Ben J. Marais. "Characterisation of children hospitalised with pneumonia in central Vietnam: a prospective study." European Respiratory Journal 54, no. 1 (2019): 1802256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02256-2018.

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Pneumonia is the most common reason for paediatric hospital admission in Vietnam. The potential value of using the World Health Organization (WHO) case management approach in Vietnam has not been documented.We performed a prospective descriptive study of all children (2–59 months) admitted with “pneumonia” (as assessed by the admitting clinician) to the Da Nang Hospital for Women and Children to characterise their disease profiles and assess risk factors for an adverse outcome. The disease profile was classified using WHO pneumonia criteria, with tachypnoea or chest indrawing as defining clini

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Serrano-Caballero, JM, AM Molina, AJ Lora, JM Serrano-Rodriguez, F. Pena, and MR Moyano. "Evaluation of different central nervous system depressors combined with ketamine for anaesthesia in mice." Veterinární Medicína 58, No. 7 (2013): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6917-vetmed.

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The aim of this study was to compare some depressors of the central nervous system combined with ketamine in order to find an adequate scombination for anaesthesia in mice, coupled with a simple, easy to use and reliable method. Forty Swiss OF-1 mice (Mus musculus), 20 females and 20 males with a body weight from 35 to 45 g aged from 12 to 16 weeks, were used to evaluate one of the following central nervous system depressors (CNSD): acepromazine (5 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg), medetomidine (1 mg/kg), midazolam (5 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) combined with the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine

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Schuler-Faccini, Lavinia, José Edgardo Dipierri, Valeria Fernanda Chapur, and Rubén Adrián Bronberg. "Microcephaly infant mortality in Brazil before zika outbreak." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba 76, no. 4 (2019): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v76.n4.25172.

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Introduction We present temporal and spatial variation of deaths from microcephaly in children under 1 year of age is analyzed at regional, state, and municipal level in the pre-Zika period in Brazil. Materials and Methods Data on births and deaths of infants with microcephaly was obtained from DATASUS from 1996 to 2013. Infant mortality rate from microcephaly (IMR-M) was estimated at Region, Federative Unit (UF), and Municipality level. Secular trend (ST) and risk of death variation were estimated using a Poisson regression model. Satscan software was used to obtain a statis

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Scorza, Fulvio A., Vera C. Terra, Ricardo M. Arida, Américo C. Sakamoto, and Ronald M. Harper. "Sudden death in a child with epilepsy: potential cerebellar mechanisms?" Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 69, no. 4 (2011): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2011000500024.

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Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder in humans. People with epilepsy are more likely to die prematurely than those without epilepsy, with the most common epilepsy-related category of death being sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The central mechanisms underlying the fatal process remain unclear, but cardiac and respiratory mechanisms appear to be involved. Recently, cerebellar, thalamic, basal ganglia and limbic brain structures have been shown to be implicated in respiratory and cardiac rate regulation. We discuss here the potential mechanisms underlying the fatal proc

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Vajaitu, Cristina, Carmen Cristina Draghici, Iulia Solomon, et al. "The Central Role of Inflammation Associated with Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatments." Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (October 17, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4625472.

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An important function of the immune system is its ability to differentiate between healthy cells in the organism and “foreign” cells, allowing the latest to be attacked and the first ones to be conserved. The most important molecules in this process are considered to be checkpoint inhibitors. This review is focused on the association between cancer and inflammation, underlying the mechanisms of action of monoclonal antibodies that are targeting checkpoint inhibitors: ipilimumab against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and pembrolizumab and nivolumab against programmed cell

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Huang, Wuqing, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist, and Jianguang Ji. "Mortality patterns in long-term survivors of childhood or adolescent central nervous system tumour in Sweden." Journal of Neuro-Oncology 145, no. 3 (2019): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11060-019-03321-w.

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Abstract Purpose A growing number of young patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumour survived for more than five years. However, these long-term survivors might be at risk of multiple late effects thus leading to a higher risk of late mortality. We aimed to explore the risk of late mortality and the pattern of mortality among long-term survivors of childhood or adolescent CNS tumour. Methods We identified 5-year survivors with childhood or adolescent CNS tumour before age 20 years through the Swedish Cancer Registry. Five controls were randomly matched for each patient to generate the

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LICZBIŃSKA, GRAŻYNA. "INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY AMONG CATHOLICS AND LUTHERANS IN NINETEENTH CENTURY POZNAŃ." Journal of Biosocial Science 41, no. 5 (2009): 661–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932009990101.

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SummaryThe purpose of this study was to show the differences in the mortality rates of children from Catholic and Lutheran families in 19th century Poznań, and to elucidate the causes of these differences. Data from Catholic and Lutheran parish death registers were used. The infant death rate (IDR), neonatal and postneonatal death rates and life table biometric functions were calculated and causes of deaths were characterized. The worst child mortality values (IDR=394.4; neonatal and postneonatal death rates, respectively, 117.1 and 277.4; e0=16.14 years; Crow's Index=2.47) were obtained for t

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Magnusson, Jennifer L., and Kevin J. Cummings. "Central serotonin and the control of arterial blood pressure and heart rate in infant rats: influence of sleep state and sex." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 314, no. 2 (2018): R313—R321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00321.2017.

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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is associated with serotonin (5-HT) neuron abnormalities. There is evidence of autonomic dysfunction during sleep in infants eventually succumbing to SIDS, as well as cardiovascular collapse before death. Neonatal rodents deficient in central 5-HT display hypotension and bradycardia. We hypothesized that central 5-HT reduces cardiac vagal tone and increases sympathetic vascular tone and, given the firing pattern of 5-HT neurons, that these effects are greater in quiet sleep (QS) than in active sleep (AS). We tested these hypotheses using 2-wk-old male and fe

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Ferreras-Antolín, Laura, Godwin Oligbu, Ifeanyichukwu O. Okike, and Shamez Ladhani. "Infection is associated with one in five childhood deaths in England and Wales: analysis of national death registrations data, 2013–15." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 9 (2020): 857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-318001.

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ObjectiveTo estimate the contribution of infections to childhood deaths in England and Wales over a 3-year period.DesignRetrospective analysis of national electronic death registration data.SettingEngland and Wales.PatientsChildren aged 28 days to 15 years who died during 2013–15.Main outcome measuresThe proportion of children who died of infection compared with total deaths over 3 years; the main pathogens responsible for infection-related deaths in different age groups; comparison with similar data from 2003 to 2005.ResultsThere were 5088 death registrations recorded in children aged 28 days

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Higgs, ARB, RT Norris, and RB Richards. "Season, age and adiposity influence death rates in sheep exported by sea." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 2 (1991): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9910205.

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A study was conducted to determine the role of season, age and adiposity in the cause of sheep deaths during sea transport from Fremantle to the Middle East. Death rates were higher in the second half of the year in 4 of 5 years. Shipboard death rates in hogget wethers were approximately half those of adult wethers in each of three methods of comparison. Sheep condition (adiposity) was positively correlated with the proportion of sheep that did not eat pellets in the feedlot (P < 0.05) and with shipboard mortality (P < 0.01) in two of three voyages. Individual sheep that were identified

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Wagenaar, Bradley H., Manuela Raunig-Berhó, Vasco Cumbe, Deepa Rao, Manuel Napúa, and Kenneth Sherr. "Suicide Attempts and Deaths in Sofala, Mozambique, From 2011 to 2014." Crisis 37, no. 6 (2016): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000383.

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Abstract. Background: Mozambique was recently estimated to have the highest suicide rate in Africa. Aims: To fill a knowledge gap on suicide attempts and deaths in Mozambique. Method: We reviewed a census of 898 emergency psychiatric consultations from March 2013 to July 2014 and 1,173 violent death autopsy records from June 2011 to August 2014 at Beira Central Hospital in Sofala, Mozambique. Results: In all, 18.0% of emergency psychiatric consultations were suicide attempts. Females were disproportionately represented (68.3%, p < .001), and the mean age was 26.8 years. Rat poison was used

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Rosenberg, Jonathan E., Peter H. O’Donnell, Arjun V. Balar, et al. "Pivotal Trial of Enfortumab Vedotin in Urothelial Carcinoma After Platinum and Anti-Programmed Death 1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 Therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 29 (2019): 2592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.19.01140.

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PURPOSE Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma is an incurable disease with limited treatment options, especially for patients who were previously treated with platinum and anti–programmed death 1 or anti–programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) therapy. Enfortumab vedotin is an antibody–drug conjugate that targets Nectin-4, which is highly expressed in urothelial carcinoma. METHODS EV-201 is a global, phase II, single-arm study of enfortumab vedotin 1.25 mg/kg (intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 28-day cycle) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinom

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Silas, Olugbenga A., Adeyi A. Adoga, Agabus N. Manasseh, Godwin O. Echejoh, Barnabas M. Mandong, and Rahila Olu-Silas. "The Role of Necropsy in Diagnostic Dilemmas as Seen in a Tertiary Hospital in North Central Nigeria." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009 (2009): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/718984.

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Background. Necropsy (autopsy) has helped medical science and law. It has given rise to numerous diagnostic surprises as it explains cause of death, pathogenesis of diseases, and circumstances of death. It also explains reasons for most therapeutic failures. In spite of its usefulness, the rate has dropped worldwide and Africa is worse hit. This work aims to highlight the role autopsy (Necropsy) plays in demystifying diagnostic dilemmas and to encourage its patronage by medical practitioners, law enforcement agents and society.Methods. This is a retrospective review of autopsy and clinical rep

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Kalapos, Miklós Péter. "A józsefvárosi „TÁMASZ” Addiktológiai Gondozóban kezelt és 2001–2018-ban elhunyt betegek haláloki adatainak vizsgálata." Orvosi Hetilap 160, no. 47 (2019): 1864–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2019.31558.

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Abstract: Introduction: The analysis of the mortality data of patients is important. Aim: Examination of data from patients treated in the Addictological Out-patient Clinic in Józsefváros and deceased between 2001 and 2018. Method: Patients’ data originated from medical records. The national and Budapest data were from the publications of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Results: The age of patients was 52.85 ± 11.81 years for women and 51.99 ± 12.47 years for men. Two-thirds, regardless of gender, were alcoholic. There were many violent deaths. A new phenomenon was the high number of

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Coutinho, Ziadir Francisco, Delson da Silva, Márcia Lazéra, et al. "Paracoccidioidomycosis mortality in Brazil (1980-1995)." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 18, no. 5 (2002): 1441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2002000500037.

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This study analyzes 3,181 deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil, based on 16 years of sequential data (from 1980 to 1995). During this period paracoccidioidomycosis showed considerable magnitude and low visibility, representing the eighth most common cause of death from predominantly chronic or recurrent types of infectious and parasitic diseases. It also had the highest mortality rate among the systemic mycoses. The mean annual mortality rate was 1.45 per million inhabitants, indicating a downward long-term trend (reduction of 31.28%), while spatial distribution among the different reg

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Ahn, Ji Hyeon, Tae-Kyeong Lee, Hyun-Jin Tae, et al. "Neuronal Death in the CNS Autonomic Control Center Comes Very Early after Cardiac Arrest and Is Not Significantly Attenuated by Prompt Hypothermic Treatment in Rats." Cells 10, no. 1 (2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10010060.

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Autonomic dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS) can cause death after recovery from a cardiac arrest (CA). However, few studies on histopathological changes in animal models of CA have been reported. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of neuronal death and damage in various brain regions and the spinal cord at early times after asphyxial CA and we studied the relationship between the mortality rate and neuronal damage following hypothermic treatment after CA. Rats were subjected to 7–8 min of asphyxial CA, followed by resuscitation and prompt hypothermic treatment. Eight r

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Kelly, Christopher B., and Thérèse Rafferty. "Effect of increased antidepressant prescribing on suicide rate in Northern Ireland." Psychiatric Bulletin 23, no. 8 (1999): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.23.8.484.

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Aims and methodTo investigate whether changes in antidepressant prescribing have been associated with alteration in suicide rate for the period 1989–1996 in Northern Ireland. Data for antidepressant prescribing were obtained from a central unit, for Northern Ireland, using the defined daily dose system for each of the above years. The number of recorded cases of suicide and undetermined death were also obtained for this period, from Northern Ireland coroners.ResultsThere was no evidence of an association between suicide rate and antidepressant prescription (r2=0.019, F test=0.115, P=0.74), des

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Baldelli, R. J., F. H. Green, and R. N. Auer. "Sulfide toxicity: mechanical ventilation and hypotension determine survival rate and brain necrosis." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 3 (1993): 1348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.3.1348.

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Occupational exposure to hydrogen sulfide is one of the leading causes of sudden death in the workplace, especially in the oil and gas industry. High-dose exposure causes immediate neurogenic apnea and death; lower doses cause "knockdown" (transient loss of consciousness, with apnea). Because permanent neurological sequelae have been reported, we sought to determine whether sulfide can directly kill central nervous system neurons. Ventilated and unventilated rats were studied to allow administration of higher doses of sulfide and to facilitate physiological monitoring. It was extremely difficu

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Dembele, Bindongo Price Polycarpe, Taro Kamigaki, Clyde Dapat, et al. "Aetiology and risks factors associated with the fatal outcomes of childhood pneumonia among hospitalised children in the Philippines from 2008 to 2016: a case series study." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (2019): e026895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026895.

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ObjectivePneumonia remains the leading cause of hospitalisations and deaths among children aged <5 years. Diverse respiratory pathogens cause acute respiratory infections, including pneumonia. Here, we analysed viral and bacterial pathogens and risk factors associated with death of hospitalised children.DesignA 9-year case series study.SettingTwo secondary-care hospitals, one tertiary-care hospital and one research centre in the Philippines.Participants5054 children aged <5 years hospitalised with severe pneumonia.MethodsNasopharyngeal swabs for virus identification, and venous blood sam

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Huh, Gi Yeong. "New Death Investigation System in Japan." Korean Journal of Legal Medicine 45, no. 3 (2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7580/kjlm.2021.45.3.73.

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Since after World War II, the death investigation system in Japan has been a dual system; with or without medical examiners. In areas without medical examiners, death investigation focused on unnatural death suspiciously involved with crime and depended on external postmortem examination for noncriminal cases. As a result, the forensic autopsy rate has been low, and several cases of missed homicide have been discovered. The social impact of the missed homicide of a young sumo player has encouraged the reformation of the death investigation system in Japan. “The Act on the Investigating of Caus

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Проказина, Natalya Prokazina, Перевозкин, and Leonid Perevozkin. "FEATURES OF DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTRAL FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (2016): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18227.

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The article highlights the regional features of demographic development in the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. The conclusions are based on actual statistical data published on the official websites. Based on the position that one of the medical and demographic problems of social development of the state is the death rate, the level of which depends on the socio-economic development, public welfare, development of health systems, access to health care, the authors found that in the Central Federal District there was the most significant reduction in mortality in the Smolens

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T Vijaya Kumar, Srinivas, and A. V. Mahesh. "Abnormal Central Venous Oxygen Saturation as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Sepsis and Polytrauma in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit." Academia Anesthesiologica International 5, no. 2 (2020): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/aan.2020.5.2.11.

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Background: In postoperative heart surgery patients and patients with sepsis, pathological (low and supranormal) central venous oxygen satura- tion (ScvO2) was shown to be associated with lower mortality. The objective is we want to examine the effect of sepsis and polytrauma infection on our surgical ICU and the incidence of morbidity and death in the population. Subjects and Methods: In such patients who met the qualifying criteria and had a history of scepticism and multi-trauma, a retrospective observational review was conducted. We investigated and evaluated the association between SCV02

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George, S. L., J. J. Ochs, A. M. Mauer, and J. V. Simone. "The importance of an isolated central nervous system relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Journal of Clinical Oncology 3, no. 6 (1985): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1985.3.6.776.

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We assessed the influence of an initial isolated meningeal relapse on treatment outcome in 839 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who were admitted to St Jude Children's Research Hospital (Memphis) from mid-1967 through mid-1979. The patients were entered in a series of five clinical trials (Total Therapy Studies V through IX), each designed to test one or more modifications of treatment for ALL. Two groups were compared: 699 children who received CNS prophylaxis (2,400-rad craniospinal irradiation or 2,400-rad cranial irradiation plus intrathecal methotrexate) v 56 who did not.

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Fang, Su-Chen, Yu-Lin Wu, and Pei-Shan Tsai. "Heart Rate Variability and Risk of All-Cause Death and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies." Biological Research For Nursing 22, no. 1 (2019): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800419877442.

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Lower heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, although the extent of the association is uncertain. We performed a meta-analysis of cohort studies to elucidate the association between HRV and the risk of all-cause death or cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) during a follow-up of at least 1 year. We searched four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and extracted the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) from eligible studies. We included 28 cohort studies involv

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Parry, Jonathan. "Suicide in a central Indian steel town." Contributions to Indian Sociology 46, no. 1-2 (2012): 145–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/006996671104600207.

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Over the past 15 years ‘farmer suicides’ have occasioned grave public concern; and it has recently been claimed that Chhattisgarh has the highest incidence in the country. This article suggests that the representation of such cases as the major public policy problem to do with self-inflicted death is politically inflected and that there are good grounds for supposing that—at least in certain pockets—the urban suicide rate is as high, if not higher. In the industrial area around steel town of Bhilai, this has risen dramatically over the last 20 years and it is the aristocracy of public sector l

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