Journal articles: 'Central Eurasia'

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Barlow, David. "Central Eurasia: national currencies." Central Asian Survey 29, no. 3 (September 2010): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2010.520544.

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MATSUMOTO, Yoshitsugu, Chizu SANJOBA, Yasuyuki GOTO, and Nana ARAKAKI. "Leishmaniasis in Central Eurasia." Medical Entomology and Zoology 53, Supplement (2002): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.53.27.

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Kazantsev, Andrei, Svetlana Medvedeva, and Ivan Safranchuk. "Between Russia and China: Central Asia in Greater Eurasia." Journal of Eurasian Studies 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1879366521998242.

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Central Asian states are usually considered as passive elements rather than active agents of integration in Greater Eurasia. This article considers the role of these states as active agents shaping integration processes according to their own interests and perspectives. All Central Asian states conduct so-called “multivector” foreign policies balancing relations with the key great powers (Russia, China, and “collective West”) as well as with Middle Eastern and South Asian nations. From their point of view, the ideal formula for Greater Eurasia should include the entire continent. However, the current geopolitical situation in the world turns integration of Central Asian nations with Russia and China into the only available option. Political and military integration with Russia within the CSTO as well as economic integration with Russia within the Eurasian Economic Union are key elements of this. The SCO is also very important as the key structure shaping regional security system. The general framework for the construction of Greater Eurasia including Russia, China, and Central Asian nations in the economic sphere is mostly connected to the Chinese “Belt and Road” initiative and to the agreement on cooperation between this initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union. However, between Central Asian nations, on one hand, and Moscow and Beijing, on the other hand, there are still many practical issues that must be solved to push integration forward, and currently there are no indicators that these issues would be solved in the near future.

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Lukin, Alexander. "Russian–Chinese Cooperation in Central Asia and the Idea of Greater Eurasia." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 75, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928418821477.

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The author argues that Russian–Chinese rapprochement is a fundamental feature of the current changing system of international relations. Apart from its own significance, it has become important because it stimulated and, in some cases, laid the foundation for many broader international processes: the creation of the multipolar world, the emergence of such international groups and organisations as BRICS and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the coordination between Eurasian Economic Union and the Chinese initiative of Silk Road Economic Belt and others. Recently, all these processes led to the idea of Greater Eurasia or Eurasian partnership.

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Spengler, Robert, Michael Frachetti, Paula Doumani, Lynne Rouse, Barbara Cerasetti, Elissa Bullion, and Alexei Mar'yashev. "Early agriculture and crop transmission among Bronze Age mobile pastoralists of Central Eurasia." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1783 (May 22, 2014): 20133382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3382.

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Archaeological research in Central Eurasia is exposing unprecedented scales of trans-regional interaction and technology transfer between East Asia and southwest Asia deep into the prehistoric past. This article presents a new archaeobotanical analysis from pastoralist campsites in the mountain and desert regions of Central Eurasia that documents the oldest known evidence for domesticated grains and farming among seasonally mobile herders. Carbonized grains from the sites of Tasbas and Begash illustrate the first transmission of southwest Asian and East Asian domesticated grains into the mountains of Inner Asia in the early third millennium BC. By the middle second millennium BC, seasonal camps in the mountains and deserts illustrate that Eurasian herders incorporated the cultivation of millet, wheat, barley and legumes into their subsistence strategy. These findings push back the chronology for domesticated plant use among Central Eurasian pastoralists by approximately 2000 years. Given the geography, chronology and seed morphology of these data, we argue that mobile pastoralists were key agents in the spread of crop repertoires and the transformation of agricultural economies across Asia from the third to the second millennium BC.

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Taylor, Brian D. "What Happened to Soviet Security Studies?: An Essay on the State of the Field." Russian Politics 4, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451-8921-00402003.

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Security issues were a central part of Soviet studies. This article considers how the study of security issues has changed with respect to Russia and Eurasia since the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. It highlights a series of positive changes: a broadening of vision beyond Moscow, more engagement with mainstream social science, greater attention to security issues internal to post-Soviet states, and the creation of an expert community that spans North America, Europe, and Eurasia. At the same time, I argue that scholarship on Russian and Eurasian security issues has become less strategic, in the sense this word is used by Richard Betts – about the interaction of political ends and military means, rooted in an appreciation of military science. The academy, especially in North America, has become a less welcoming place for scholars working on Russia and Eurasia who care about previously central issues in the field such as nuclear strategy, weapons procurement, military doctrine, and defense planning.

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Spechler, Martin C., and Dina R. Spechler. "Russia's Lost Position in Central Eurasia." Journal of Eurasian Studies 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2012.08.001.

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Yu, Lejiang, Shiyuan Zhong, Cuijuan Sui, and Bo Sun. "Revisiting the trend in the occurrences of the “warm Arctic–cold Eurasian continent” temperature pattern." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 13753–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13753-2020.

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Abstract. The recent increasing trend of “warm Arctic, cold continents” has attracted much attention, but it remains debatable as to what forces are behind this phenomenon. Here, we revisited surface temperature variability over the Arctic and the Eurasian continent by applying the self-organizing-map (SOM) technique to gridded daily surface temperature data. Nearly 40 % of the surface temperature trends are explained by the nine SOM patterns that depict the switch to the current warm Arctic–cold Eurasia pattern at the beginning of this century from the reversed pattern that dominated the 1980s and 1990s. Further, no cause–effect relationship is found between the Arctic sea ice loss and the cold spells in the high-latitude to midlatitude Eurasian continent suggested by earlier studies. Instead, the increasing trend in warm Arctic–cold Eurasia pattern appears to be related to the anomalous atmospheric circulations associated with two Rossby wave trains triggered by rising sea surface temperature (SST) over the central North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans. On interdecadal timescale, the recent increase in the occurrences of the warm Arctic–cold Eurasia pattern is a fragment of the interdecadal variability of SST over the Atlantic Ocean as represented by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and over the central Pacific Ocean.

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Li, Xinyu, Riyu Lu, and Joong-Bae Ahn. "Combined Effects of the British–Baikal Corridor Pattern and the Silk Road Pattern on Eurasian Surface Air Temperatures in Summer." Journal of Climate 34, no. 9 (May 2021): 3707–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0325.1.

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AbstractThe summer British–Baikal Corridor pattern (BBC) and the Silk Road pattern (SRP) manifest as zonally oriented teleconnections in the high and middle latitudes, respectively, of the Eurasian continent. In this study, we investigate the combined effects of the BBC and SRP on surface air temperatures over the Eurasian continent. It is found that the combination of the BBC and SRP results in two kinds of well-organized, large-scale circulation anomalies: the zonal tripole pattern and the Ω-like pattern in the 200-hPa geopotential height anomalies. The zonal tripole pattern is characterized by opposite variations between western Siberia/western Asia and Europe/central Asia/central Siberia, and the Ω-like pattern manifests as consistent variations over midlatitude Europe, western Siberia, and central Asia. Correspondingly, the resultant large-scale surface air temperature anomalies feature the same zonal tripole pattern and Ω-like pattern, respectively. Further results indicate that these two patterns resemble the two leading modes of surface air temperature anomalies over the middle to high latitudes of Eurasia. This study indicates that the temperature variations in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia can be coordinated and evidently explained by the combination of the BBC and SRP, and it contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the large-scale Eurasian climate variability.

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Ikromov, Jovid. "Tajikistan’s Perspective on Eurasia." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 75, no. 1 (January 20, 2019): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928418821470.

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In this article, the place of Central Asia, particularly of Tajikistan, in the Eurasian continent has been examined. The slow and confident transfer of engine of the world economy from the West to the East and South increasing the role of the countries located between them. Located between Europe, Russia and South Asia, five Central Asian countries are interested in the development and participation in broader transcontinental trade and transit corridors connecting in all directions. Tajikistan has a unique opportunity to become a hub of trade and transit as it is located at the crossroads of growing ties between South and Central Asia.

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Chen, Shangfeng, and Renguang Wu. "Interdecadal Changes in the Relationship between Interannual Variations of Spring North Atlantic SST and Eurasian Surface Air Temperature." Journal of Climate 30, no. 10 (April 25, 2017): 3771–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0477.1.

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Abstract This study investigates interdecadal changes in the relationship between interannual variations of boreal spring sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Atlantic and surface air temperature (SAT) over the mid-to-high latitudes of Eurasia during 1948–2014. Analyses show that the connection between the spring North Atlantic tripole SST anomaly pattern and the Eurasian SAT anomalies has experienced marked interdecadal shifts around the early 1970s and mid-1990s. The connection is strong during 1954–72 and 1996–2014 but weak during 1973–91. A diagnosis indicates that interdecadal changes in the connection between the North Atlantic SST and Eurasian SAT variations are associated with changes in atmospheric circulation anomalies over Eurasia induced by the North Atlantic tripole SST anomaly pattern. Further analyses suggest that changes in atmospheric circulation anomalies over Eurasia are related to changes in the position of atmospheric heating anomalies over the North Atlantic, which may be due to the change in mean SST. Marked atmospheric heating anomalies appear over the tropical western North Atlantic during 1954–72 and 1996–2014 but over the subtropical central-eastern North Atlantic during 1973–91. Barotropic model experiments confirm that different background flows may also contribute to changes in anomalous atmospheric circulation over Eurasia.

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YATSIUK, IRYNA, IRJA SAAR, KUULO KALAMEES, SHAXOB SULAYMONOV, YUSUFJON GAFFOROV, and KERRY O’DONNELL. "Epitypification of Morchella steppicola (Morchellaceae, Pezizales), a morphologically, phylogenetically and biogeographically distinct member of the Esculenta Clade from central Eurasia." Phytotaxa 284, no. 1 (November 9, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.284.1.3.

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The steppe morel, Morchella steppicola, is one of the more iconic species of true morels (Morchellaceae, Pezizales) based on its: 1) distinctive cerebriform pileus with densely packed labyrinthine irregular ridges, 2) genealogically exclusive position as the earliest diverging species lineage within the Esculenta clade, and 3) geographic distribution within temperate grassland steppes in central Eurasia. Given the uniqueness of this species, and conservation efforts in some Eurasian countries to protect it, we sought to study the holotype in the Mycological Herbarium of the M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany (KW), Kyiv, Ukraine. However, because the type specimen appears to have been lost, but a picture was provided with the description, we have designated it the lectotype and epitypified this important species based on a collection made in 2014 from Lugansk province, Ukraine. Herein, we provide a detailed morphological description, provide a preliminary assessment of intraspecific diversity via phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequences from 13 M. steppicola collections spanning six Eurasian countries, and map its geographic distribution across the terrestrial ecoregions of central Eurasia.

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Peng, Dongdong, Tianjun Zhou, and Lixia Zhang. "Moisture Sources Associated with Precipitation during Dry and Wet Seasons over Central Asia." Journal of Climate 33, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 10755–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0029.1.

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AbstractIdentifying the origin of moisture is a key process in revealing the formation mechanisms of precipitation, but the moisture sources for central Asia have not been well documented in previous studies. In this work, we employ the Lagrangian model FLEXPART over 2011–19 to address this question. Multiple observational products indicate that the times of dry and wet seasons are opposite for western and eastern central Asia bounded by 75°E. The wet season is November–April (NDJFMA) for western central Asia but May–October (MJJASO) for eastern central Asia, while the opposite is true for the dry season. The main moisture source regions for western central Asia are local regions (with a contribution of 49.11%), western Eurasia (21.47%), and western Asia (11.37%) during MJJASO and local regions (33.92%), western Asia (27.50%), and western Eurasia (17.60%) during NDJFMA. For eastern central Asia, moisture mainly originates from local regions (52.38%), western central Asia (25.22%), and northern Eurasia (9.26%) during MJJASO and western central Asia (30.86%), local regions (30.82%), western Asia (10.31%), and western Eurasia (10.26%) during NDJFMA. The differences in moisture sources between dry and wet seasons mainly occur in local regions and western Asia for western central Asia but in local regions for eastern central Asia. The moisture from northern Eurasia, western Eurasia, and western central Asia is transported into target regions by the westerly and southwesterly winds that are associated with a deep low trough over central Asia. Moisture is transported from western Asia by the anticyclone occurs over North Africa and western Asia in the lower and middle troposphere.

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Eshagh, Mehdi, Martin Pitoňák, and Robert Tenzer. "Lithospheric elastic thickness estimates in central Eurasia." Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 30, no. 1 (2019): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3319/tao.2018.09.28.02.

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Kuzio, Taras. "Comparative perspectives on Communist successor parties in Central-Eastern Europe and Eurasia." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 41, no. 4 (November 7, 2008): 397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2008.09.006.

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The article builds on Ishiyama’s (1998) seminal study of Communist successor parties [Ishiyama, J.T., 1998. Strange bedfellows: explaining political cooperation between communist successor parties and nationalists in Eastern Europe. Nations and Nationalism 4(1), 61e85] by providing the first comparative study of the fate of Communist successor parties in Eurasia and Central-Eastern Europe. The article outlines four paths undertaken by Communist parties in former Communist states: those countries that rapidly transformed Communist parties into center-left parties; countries that were slower at achieving this; countries with imperial legacies; and Eurasian autocracies. The fate of successor Communist parties is discussed within the parameters of previous regime type, political opposition in the Communist era and the nationality question.

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Levshin, Anatoli, Ludmila Ratnikova, and Jon Berger. "Peculiarities of surface-wave propagation across central Eurasia." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 82, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 2464–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0820062464.

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Abstract The recent installation of six broadband digital IRIS/IDA seismic stations in the USSR has provided new opportunities for studying surface-wave propagation across Eurasia. Group velocities of fundamental Rayleigh and Love modes between epicenters and these stations were determined for 35 events that occurred since April 1989 to the middle of July 1990 near Eurasia. Differential phase velocities were found for the same arrivals along paths between several pairs of stations. Group and phase velocities were obtained in the period range from 15 to 300 sec. Frequency-time polarization analysis was used for studying polarization properties of surface waves. In some cases, significant anomalies in the particle motion for periods up to 100 sec were observed. They are attributed to surface-wave refraction and scattering due to lateral inhomogeneities at the boundaries and inside the Eurasia continent.

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Brite, Elizabeth Baker, Fiona Jane Kidd, Alison Betts, and Michelle Negus Cleary. "Millet cultivation in Central Asia: A response to Miller et al." Holocene 27, no. 9 (January 18, 2017): 1415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616687385.

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In a recent special issue of The Holocene, Miller et al. review the evidence for the spread of millet ( Panicum miliaceum and Setaria italica) across Eurasia. Among their arguments, they contend that millet cultivation came to Eurasian regions with hot, dry summers when irrigation was introduced, as part of a region-wide shift toward agricultural intensification in the first millennium BC. This hypothesis seems to align with the pattern of agricultural change observed in the Khorezm oasis, a Central Asian polity of the first millennium BC and first millennium AD. While we wholeheartedly accept this hypothesis for its explanatory value regarding trends across Eurasia, in this paper we nevertheless suggest that the introduction of millet to Central Asia needs further explication. Specifically, we seek to address the underlying assumption that this introduction was predicated upon centrally organized, state-level land development, increased sedentism, and the rise of Mesopotamian-style social complexity. We describe how millet cultivation in Khorezm was preceded by multi-resource strategies that included the cultivation of summer crops, and emphasize that this earlier history mattered significantly to the evolution of Khorezmian society and agriculture in the first millennium BC. In contrast to the imperial systems of West Asia, in Khorezm the introduction of complex irrigation works supported the expansion and greater stratification of pre-existing agropastoral lifeways, and helped to buttress the rise of nomadic elites within an agrarian zone. We believe the example of Khorezm is important because it helps to explain the emergence of integrated mobile-sedentist societies in the first millennium AD in Central Asia as a result of agricultural change. It also provides cultural and historical context to the spread of millet cultivation in the first millennium BC, suggesting that this phenomenon had significantly different implications for societies across Eurasia.

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Gommans, Jos. "Warhorse and post-nomadic empire in Asia, c. 1000–1800." Journal of Global History 2, no. 1 (March 2007): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174002280700201x.

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Until the nineteenth century the warhorse played a central role in the political organization of the great empires that bordered on the pastoral heartlands of Central Eurasia. Actually, the survival of the often (semi-)nomadic rulers of these frontier-empires hinged on the continued production, trade and use of Central Eurasian warhorses. This forestalled the full sedentarization of these rulers and conditioned the emergence of a post-nomadic political culture and organization in which Central Eurasian institutions like ordo, nökör and yurt continued to provide a forceful paradigm to mobilize, organize and enumerate cavalry armies. But as the specific ecological circumstances created different conditions for the breeding and trade of warhorses, they also gave rise to different interpretations of the nomadic paradigm. This is demonstrated in the case of the Mughal rulers in India and the Manchu-Qing rulers in China, who both shared a common Central Eurasian heritage and ruled the richest sedentary economies of their time.

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Korobkov, Andrei V. "Migration trends in Central Eurasia: Politics versus economics." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2007.04.001.

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The post-Soviet ethnic migration wave was quickly followed by the contraction of population territorial mobility. The growing role of socioeconomic factors in defining the character and intensity of migration flows, including the expansion of temporary, labor and undocumented migration, has been especially pronounced. These changes indicate the evolving relationship between migration and conflicts developing in Central Eurasia. Initially as an indicator of ethnic tensions and discrimination of minorities, migration is becoming a mechanism of market transition, providing for the economic survival of population under crisis conditions. With the depletion of the number of ethnic Russian migrants, the influx of ethnic aliens, moving primarily from Central Asia and the Transcaucasus to Russia, is increasing in importance. The present paper discusses the impact of new migration flows on the economies, welfare mechanisms, financial systems, labor markets, and societies of Central Eurasia. Special attention is given to the governmental response to migration phenomenon—from labor migration criminalization to attempts to stimulate the flow of specific migrant groups.

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Chan, Ying-kit. "The Greater Game: Qing China in Central Eurasia." History Compass 14, no. 6 (June 2016): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12314.

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Fengfeng, Zhang, and Zhang Laiyi. "Divergent Paths in the History of Central Eurasia." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 20, no. 4 (2019): 865–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.2019.0059.

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Kavalski, Emilian. "The Puzzle of India’s Relations with “Central Eurasia”." Asian Security 15, no. 3 (May 7, 2018): 304–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14799855.2018.1463990.

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Atwood, Christopher P. "Peter C. Perdue.China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia.:China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia." American Historical Review 111, no. 2 (April 2006): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.111.2.445a.

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Khaydarov, Ambassador Abdusamat A., and Ambassador Surat M. Mirkasymov. "Uzbek Perspectives on Eurasia." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 75, no. 1 (March 2019): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928418821469.

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This article is a brief overview of the main trends in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan under the new leadership of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The sections on bilateral relations and interaction of Uzbekistan with international organisations give an important insight into the dynamics of a strategically important Central Asian region and Eurasia as a whole. The article also reflects Uzbekistan’s perception of Eurasia as a region that is experiencing several geopolitical shifts.

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Joshi, Nirmala, and Kamala Kumari. "Understanding Central Asia’s Security and Economic Interests." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 75, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928418821474.

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Central Asia has always been at the centre of global power play, due to its geographic location in the centre of Eurasia and its abundant natural resources that have attracted world attention. It has, however, been caught in the vortex of international politics. An interplay of globalisation, technology and geopolitics is evident in the evolving Eurasian politics. Connectivity projects, rail, road and energy pipelines are criss-crossing the region. Its geographical proximity to Afghanistan—part of its geopolitical space—impinges on its efforts to build peace and stability. Regional cooperation is gradually taking shape in Central Asia and holds the promise of their status as independent entities. As Afghanistan is crucial for them, as well as for the world at large, understanding the security and economic issues of Central Asia becomes important. This article apart from highlighting the security and economic interests would also delineate the challenges accompanying these issues keeping the potential perspective in mind.

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Fartyshev, A. N. "Siberia in Conception of Greater Eurasia." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 37 (2021): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2021.37.40.

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The article analyzes the current state, potential benefits and opportunities for the Siberian macro-region within the framework of the concept of the formation of the space of Greater Eurasia announced by V.V. Putin in 2016. The analysis has been carried out on 4 main aspects – political-geographical, geostrategic, geo-economic, and institutional ones. The first one lies in amorphousness of the concept of Greater Eurasia. In its interpretations Siberia occupies a semi-peripheral place since the emphasis of the Greater Eurasian discourse is placed on international consolidation, primarily in the Central Asian region. In the context of integration processes one of the main obstacles is a significant differentiation of foreign policy strategies of the states forming the core of Greater Eurasia, and geopolitical interests of Siberia, which primarily consist in avoiding positioning itself as an export-resource region on the one hand, and competing for sales markets with other countries of Greater Eurasia on the other hand, which casts doubt on the consolidating role of this concept. Nevertheless, the geoeconomic role of Siberia can be improved due to the development of economic integration. The analysis of the level of redistribution and transportability of exports of the Siberian Federal District showed that it is the increased value component per unit of export weight that is observed in exports to countries with a high degree of economic integration. The fourth aspect is the lack of institutionalization of the Greater Eurasia initiative, as a result of which it cannot be effectively promoted, it is especially true about Siberian regions. Possible directions for improving this aspect have been proposed in the article.

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Aras, Bülent, and Hakan Fidan. "Turkey and Eurasia: Frontiers of a new geographic imagination." New Perspectives on Turkey 40 (2009): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600005276.

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AbstractTurkey has adopted a new course in foreign policy toward Eurasia. This article employs the notion of geographic imagination to analyze how Turkish policy-makers have developed a new political rhetoric and foreign policy towards the Eurasian region, specifically Central Asia, the Caucasus and Russia. Turkish policy-makers aim to further Turkey's interests ranging from security, over regional trade, to energy issues in this geography, in addition to creating an environment of cooperation and eliminating regional power constellations. We conclude that Turkey's renewed activism has opened new horizons for its relations in this region and that this new foreign policy orientation is linked to reform and change in Turkey's domestic landscape.

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Pye, Lucian W., and Peter C. Perdue. "China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia." Foreign Affairs 84, no. 3 (2005): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20034399.

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Wang, Penglin. "Symbolization and Conceptualization of Cardinal Directions in Central Eurasia." Mankind Quarterly 44, no. 2 (2003): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46469/mq.2003.44.2.1.

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Peter Pham, J. "Beijing's Great Game: Understanding Chinese Strategy in Central Eurasia." American Foreign Policy Interests 28, no. 1 (February 2006): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803920600561374.

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Pabst, Adrian. "Central Eurasia in the Emerging Global Balance of Power." American Foreign Policy Interests 31, no. 3 (May 19, 2009): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803920902966479.

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Taylor, Romeyn. "China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia." History: Reviews of New Books 33, no. 4 (January 2005): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2005.10526687.

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Tunini, Lavinia, Ivone Jiménez-Munt, Manel Fernandez, Jaume Vergés, and Peter Bird. "Neotectonic Deformation in Central Eurasia: A Geodynamic Model Approach." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 122, no. 11 (November 2017): 9461–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014487.

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Bulbul, O., G. Filoglu, T. Zorlu, H. Altuncul, A. Freire-Aradas, J. Söchtig, Y. Ruiz, et al. "Inference of biogeographical ancestry across central regions of Eurasia." International Journal of Legal Medicine 130, no. 1 (August 20, 2015): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-015-1246-7.

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Tolipov, Farkhad. "EURASIA, CENTRAL ASIA AND THE NATIONAL INTERESTS OF UZBEKISTAN." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSENSUS 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0788-2020-1-7.

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Dolukhanov, Pavel, and Anvar Shrukov. "Modelling the Neolithic dispersal in northern Eurasia." Documenta Praehistorica 31 (December 31, 2004): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.31.3.

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Comprehensieve lists of radiocarbon dates from key Early Neolithic sites in Central Europe belonging to the Linear pottery Ceramic Culture (LBK) and early pottery-bearing cultures in the East European Plain were analysed with the use of the x2 test. The dates from the LBK sites form a statistically homogeneous set, with a probability distribution similar to a single-date Gaussian curve. This implies the rate of expansion of the LBK in Central Europe being in excess of 4 km/yr. Early potter-bearing sites on the East European Plain exhibit a much broader probability distribution of dates, with a spatio-temporal trend directed from the south-east to the north-west. The rate of spread of pottery-making is in the order of 1 km/yr, i.e., comparable to the average expansion rate of the Neolithic in Western and Central Europe.

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Pilot, Małgorzata, Tadeusz Malewski, Andre E. Moura, Tomasz Grzybowski, Kamil Oleński, Anna Ruść, Stanisław Kamiński, et al. "On the origin of mongrels: evolutionary history of free-breeding dogs in Eurasia." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1820 (December 7, 2015): 20152189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2189.

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Although a large part of the global domestic dog population is free-ranging and free-breeding, knowledge of genetic diversity in these free-breeding dogs (FBDs) and their ancestry relations to pure-breed dogs is limited, and the indigenous status of FBDs in Asia is still uncertain. We analyse genome-wide SNP variability of FBDs across Eurasia, and show that they display weak genetic structure and are genetically distinct from pure-breed dogs rather than constituting an admixture of breeds. Our results suggest that modern European breeds originated locally from European FBDs. East Asian and Arctic breeds show closest affinity to East Asian FBDs, and they both represent the earliest branching lineages in the phylogeny of extant Eurasian dogs. Our biogeographic reconstruction of ancestral distributions indicates a gradual westward expansion of East Asian indigenous dogs to the Middle East and Europe through Central and West Asia, providing evidence for a major expansion that shaped the patterns of genetic differentiation in modern dogs. This expansion was probably secondary and could have led to the replacement of earlier resident populations in Western Eurasia. This could explain why earlier studies based on modern DNA suggest East Asia as the region of dog origin, while ancient DNA and archaeological data point to Western Eurasia.

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Yemelianova, Galina M. "How “Muslim” are Central Asian Muslims? A Historical and Comparative Enquiry." Central Asian Affairs 4, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 243–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142290-00403002.

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The article analyzes the social, political, and symbolic functions of Islam in contemporary Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Over many centuries, Central Asians developed a particular form of Islam based on a productive and fluid synergy among Islam per se, their tribal legal and customary norms, and Tengrian and Zoroastrian beliefs and practices. It is characterized by a high level of doctrinal and functional adaptability to shifting political and cultural environments, the prevalence of mystical Islam (Sufism) and oral, rather than book-based, Islamic tradition. These qualities have defined distinctive Islamic trajectories in post-Soviet Central Asia, which differ significantly from those in other Muslim-majority countries and in Muslim communities in the West. At the same time, the common Eurasian space and lengthy shared political history of Central Asians and other peoples of Muslim Eurasia are also reflected in the considerable similarities in their Islamic trajectories.

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Cutler, Robert. "US–Russian Strategic Relations and the Structuration of Central Asia." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 6, no. 1-3 (2007): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156914907x207694.

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AbstractCentral Asia is only one of the core regional subsystems of international relations that constitute Central Eurasia. The others are Southwest Asia and South Asia. All three subsystems are mutually distinct and do not intersect. The years 1989-1994 saw the geopolitical enlargement of Southwest Asia into Greater Southwest Asia; 1995-2000, that of Central Asia into Greater Central Asia; and 2001-2006, that of South Asia into Greater South Asia. These "Greater" complements overlap, and their intersection is key to the future of international relations in Greater Central Asia and Central Eurasia as a whole. It is through their matrix that powers such as Russia and the United States (as well as China, India, Iran, Turkey) play out their search for influence in Central Asia proper.

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MANOV, Boris. "„THE SILK ROAD“, ТHE EURASIAN PROJECT AND „GREAT EURASIA“ (GEOPOLITICAL READING)." Ezikov Svyat (Orbis Linguarum) 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.v17.i2.20.

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The research is carried out through the prism of geopolitics and reveals the "logic" and the essence of „The Belt and Road Initiative“. It outlines its basic ideas and goals. The study justifies and proves the (hypo)thesis that despite the apparent "leadership" of the economic events, the political and geopolitical aspects (vectors) of the project are linked to the economy. The economy does not function on its own way, but is formulated, supported by policy and used for political purposes, i.e., the project in its deep essence is political. The political nature of „The Belt and Road Initiative“ is expressed in the following: it is an attempt to find in internal policy a mechanism to preserve the political power of the Communist Party and to continue the existence of the dominant political system - the totalitarian (one-party) political system in the PRC. The geopolitical task is to find the „place“ of modern China in the global world. The goal is to restore the central ("middle") location of China in the 21st century world. „The Silk Road“ is one of the directions for its realization and the means for its achievement are complex - the „most obvious“ are the actions in the economic sphere, but equally important are the military, diplomatic, cultural factors and impacts. In conclusion, it is argued that „The Belt and Road Initiative“ will be realized as an optimal, reasonable balancebetween the „desired“ and the „possible“ and will be specified in the adoption of the formula „Great Eurasia“, i.e., in the transformation of China into a regional (regional-global, global-regional) center, the „middle empire“ of the Eurasian super-continent, the largest and most powerful geopolitical and geo-economic power center in the future „multipolar“ or more likely „bipolar“ („West-Sea“ - „East-Еarth“) world from the middle and the end of the 21st century.

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Chen, Shangfeng, Renguang Wu, Wen Chen, and Shuailei Yao. "Enhanced Linkage between Eurasian Winter and Spring Dominant Modes of Atmospheric Interannual Variability since the Early 1990s." Journal of Climate 31, no. 9 (May 2018): 3575–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0525.1.

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The present study reveals a marked enhancement in the relationship between Eurasian winter and spring atmospheric interannual variability since the early 1990s. Specifically, the dominant mode of winter Eurasian 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies, with same-sign anomalies over southern Europe and East Asia and opposite-sign anomalies over north-central Eurasia, is largely maintained to the following spring after the early 1990s, but not before the early 1990s. The maintenance of the dominant atmospheric circulation anomaly pattern after the early 1990s is associated with a triple sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern in the North Atlantic that is sustained from winter to the subsequent spring. This triple SST anomaly pattern triggers an atmospheric wave train over the North Atlantic through Eurasia during winter through spring. Atmospheric model experiments verify the role of the triple SST anomaly in maintaining the Eurasian atmospheric circulation anomalies. By contrast, before the early 1990s, marked SST anomalies related to the winter dominant mode only occur in the tropical North Atlantic during winter and they disappear during the following spring. The triple SST anomaly pattern after the early 1990s forms in response to a meridional atmospheric dipole over the North Atlantic induced by a La Niña–like cooling over tropical Pacific, and its maintenance into the following spring may be via a positive air–sea interaction process over the North Atlantic. Results of this analysis suggest a potential source for the seasonal prediction of the Eurasian spring climate.

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Cornell, Svante E. "America in Eurasia: One Year After." Current History 101, no. 657 (October 1, 2002): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2002.101.657.330.

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American engagement with the countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia needs to be clear and predictable. The United States has the potential to play an important stabilizing role in the region, but as long as uncertainty surrounds its commitment, America's role may instead be destabilizing if other powers try to test its determination to remain engaged.

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Zimonyi, István. "Changing Perceptions of Türk Identity Among the Medieval Nomads of Central Eurasia." Studia Orientalia Electronica 6 (December 22, 2018): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.69834.

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The Türk Khaganate and the ethnonym Türk have been used in modern nation-building processes among the Turkic-speaking peoples of Eurasia since the end of the nineteenth century. The historical importance of the name is exemplified by the country of Turkey today, the plan for a Turkic Republic in Central Asia in the 1920s, and the latest Kazak (Tatar) historiography after the fall of the Soviet Union. The study focuses on the meanings of Türk in the period of the Türk Khaganate (6th–8th centuries). Its first denotation is for an ethnic community or nationality, that is, a nomadic tribal confederation defined by use of the model of gens, including a common origin, language, and traditions with centuries of a stable political framework and the majority of society sharing common law. The second aspect of the usage of the term Türk, being political, referred to all peoples subject to the power of the Türk Khagan. After the fall of the Türk Khaganate, both meanings faded away due to the lack of political stability in the history of the Eurasian steppe, revealing an absence of ethnic continuity from the Middle Ages. However, fragments of Türk identity may have survived in the forms of language community, the Islamic legend of descent from an eponymos hero, and a nomadic way of life opposed to the territorial principles of settled civilisations.

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Khazeni, Arash. "ACROSS THE BLACK SANDS AND THE RED: TRAVEL WRITING, NATURE, AND THE RECLAMATION OF THE EURASIAN STEPPE CIRCA 1850." International Journal of Middle East Studies 42, no. 4 (October 15, 2010): 591–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743810000838.

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AbstractThrough a reading of 19th-century Persian travel narratives, this article locates the history of Iran and Central Eurasia within recent literature on global frontier processes and the encounter between empire and nature. It argues that Persianate travel books about Central Eurasia were part of the imperial project to order and reclaim the natural world and were forged through the material encounter with the steppes. Far from a passive act of collecting information and more than merely an extension of the observer's preconceptions, description was essential to the expansion and preservation of empire. Although there exists a vast literature on Western geographical and ethnographic representations of the Middle East, only recently have scholars begun to mine contacts that took place outside of a Western colonial framework and within an Asian setting. Based on an analysis of Riza Quli Khan Hidayat'sSifaratnama-yi Khvarazm, the record of an expedition sent from the Qajar Dynasty to the Oxus River in 1851, the article explores the 19th-century Muslim “discovery” of the Eurasian steppe world. The expedition set out to define imperial boundaries and to reclaim the desert, but along the way it found a permeable “middle ground” between empires, marked by transfrontier and cross-cultural exchanges.

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Usoltsev, Vladimir А., Seyed Omid Reza Shobairi, Anna A. Osmirko, Ivan S. Tsepordey, and Viktor P. Chasovskikh. "Additive model of aboveground biomass of larch single-trees related to age, Dbh and height, sensitive to temperature and precipitation in Eurasia." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 10 (November 3, 2020): 1759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i10.8.

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The first attempt of modeling changes in the aboveground additive component composition of larch (genus Larix spp.) tree biomass, according to the Trans-Eurasian hydrothermal gradients of Eurasia on the database compiled for the structure of harvest biomass in a number of 510 sample trees is fulfilled. The adequacy of the obtained regularities is determined by the level of variability 87-99 % explained by the proposed regression models. For the central territory of European Russia, characterized by the mean annual temperature of January -10 °C and the mean annual precipitation of 400 mm, the increase in temperature by 1°C at the constant level of precipitation causes on Larix spp. trees of the equal age and sizes, the decrease in the aboveground, stem, needle and branches by 0.4, 0.3, 1.4 и 1.3 %, respectively. For the same region, in equal-sized trees, the increase in precipitation by 100 mm at a constant annual temperature in January causes the decrease of the aboveground and stem biomass by 1.2 and 1.7%, respectively, and the increase of needle and branches biomass by 4.0 and 6.0%, respectively. The development of such models for the main forest-forming species of Eurasia will make it possible to predict changes in the productivity of the forest cover of Eurasia in connection with climate change. Keywords: larch trees, genus Larix spp., tree biomass, allometric models

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Eshagh, Mehdi, Matloob Hussain, Robert Tenzer, and Mohsen Romeshkani. "Moho Density Contrast in Central Eurasia from GOCE Gravity Gradients." Remote Sensing 8, no. 5 (May 17, 2016): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs8050418.

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Woo, Franklin J. "China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia (review)." China Review International 12, no. 2 (2005): 538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.2006.0066.

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Kardos, Amy. "Teaching Central Eurasia in Undergraduate Survey Courses: Problems and Strategies." ASIANetwork Exchange: A Journal for Asian Studies in the Liberal Arts 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.16995/ane.83.

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Peyrouse, Sébastien. "Tomohiko Uyama, éd., Empire, Islam, and Politics in Central Eurasia." Cahiers du monde russe 48, no. 48/4 (December 2, 2007): 793–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/monderusse.6112.

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Christian, David. "China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia (review)." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 8, no. 1 (2007): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.2007.0003.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Central Eurasia'

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