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Journal articles on the topic 'Central nervous system. eng'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

D'Addario, Vincenzo, and Capuano Pasquale. "Central Nervous System Malformations." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 3 (2016): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1472.

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ABSTRACT Ultrasound (US) is a useful tool to evaluate the normal morphology, the developmental changes, and the malformations of the fetal central nervous system (CNS). The development of the fetal CNS is a complex and continuous process progressing till the end of pregnancy and even after delivery. Although, a limited number of CNS anomalies may be suspected in the 1st trimester, the 2nd trimester is the best period of pregnancy to screen for CNS anomalies, but some malformations may be recognized only in the 3rd trimester or become evident only in the postnatal period. Screening for CNS anom

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Spencer, P. S., G. Román, A. Buguet, A. Guekht, and J. Reis. "COVID-19: neurological sequelae." Health Risk Analysis, no. 2 (June 2021): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.2.16.eng.

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COVID-19, the human primarily respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, commonly involves the nervous system, the effects of which may persist for many months. Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 include relapsing and remitting neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms that can affect children and adults, including those who had mild acute illness. Since longer-term adverse effects on the central and peripheral nervous system of COVID-19 cannot be excluded, patient and societal health trends should be monitored going forward. Urgent present needs include not only global immunizati

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de Boysson, H., and C. Pagnoux. "Catastrophic primary angiitis of the central nervous system." European Journal of Neurology 25, no. 1 (2017): e3-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ene.13469.

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Simon, Matthias, Daniel Franke, Michael Ludwig, et al. "Association of a polymorphism of the ACVRL1 gene with sporadic arteriovenous malformations of the central nervous system." Journal of Neurosurgery 104, no. 6 (2006): 945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2006.104.6.945.

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Object Important central nervous system (CNS) manifestations in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) include arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is caused by germline mutations of two genes: ENG (HHT Type 1) and ACVRL1 (HHT Type 2). The ENG gene variations have been associated with the formation of intracranial aneurysms. The authors studied whether sequence variations in ACVRL1 or ENG are associated with the development of clinically sporadic arteriovenous dysplasias and aneurysms of the CNS. M

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Giannoccaro, Maria Pia, Sarah J. Crisp, and Angela Vincent. "Antibody-mediated central nervous system diseases." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 2 (January 2018): 239821281881749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212818817497.

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Antibody-mediated central nervous system diseases are a relatively new area of clinical neuroscience with growing impact. Their recognition has challenged the dogma of the blood–brain barrier preventing antibody access into the central nervous system. The antibodies discovered so far are mainly against neurotransmitter receptors (e.g. N-methyl-d-aspartate and glycine receptors) and ion channel–associated proteins (leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein 1 and contactin-associated protein 2) and are expressed on the surface of neuronal synapses and elsewhere. The disorders are reversible with i

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Allan, Stuart M., and Nancy J. Rothwell. "Inflammation in central nervous system injury." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1438 (2003): 1669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2003.1358.

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Inflammation is a key component of host defence responses to peripheral inflammation and injury, but it is now also recognized as a major contributor to diverse, acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Expression of inflammatory mediators including complement, adhesion molecules, cyclooxygenase enzymes and their products and cytokines is increased in experimental and clinical neurodegenerative disease, and intervention studies in experimental animals suggest that several of these factors contribute directly to neuronal injury. Most notably, specific cytokines, such as interle

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Zaitseva, N. V., M. A. Zemlyanova, V. N. Zvezdin, Т. I. Akafyeva, D. L. Mazunina, and А. А. Dovbish. "Effects of subchronic exposure manganese oxide nanoparticles on the central nervous system, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rats." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (April 2014): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2014.4.09.eng.

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8

Gonçalves, Fabrício Guimarães, and Lázaro Luis Faria do Amaral. "Constructive Interference in Steady State Imaging in the Central Nervous System." European Neurological Review 6, no. 2 (2011): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2011.06.02.138.

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Constructive interference in steady state (CISS) is a fully refocused fast-gradient echo sequence that is mainly used in the assessment of the central nervous system. The most important advantages of steady-state imaging are short acquisition times, high signal-to-noise ratio, and better contrast-to-noise ratio. Owing to its cisternographic effect, CISS is useful in the assessment of the cranial nerves, and can also be used when studying cysts, cystic masses, and neurocysticercosis and in hydrocephalus cases. CISS has been shown to be useful in spinal imaging, epecially in cases of arterioveno

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9

Hoffmann, Christine, Ute Ziegler, Anne Buschmann, et al. "Prions spread via the autonomic nervous system from the gut to the central nervous system in cattle incubating bovine spongiform encephalopathy." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 3 (2007): 1048–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82186-0.

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To elucidate the still-unknown pathogenesis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), an oral BSE challenge and sequential kill study was carried out on 56 calves. Relevant tissues belonging to the peripheral and central nervous system, as well as to the lymphoreticular tract, from necropsied animals were analysed by highly sensitive immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting techniques to reveal the presence of BSE-associated pathological prion protein (PrPSc) depositions. Our results demonstrate two routes involving the autonomic nervous system through which BSE prions spread by anterograde pa

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Cojocaru, Inimioara, Manole Cojocaru, Isabela Silosi, and Camelia Vrabie. "Central Nervous System Manifestations in Rheumatic Diseases." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 30, no. 1 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-010-0014-y.

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Central Nervous System Manifestations in Rheumatic DiseasesPatients with multi-system rheumatic conditions may have a disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Central nervous system manifestations vary according to the location of the lesion and range from focal findings (e.g., stroke-like presentations), although serious neurological complications in rheumatic disease appear to be rare. The most prominent features of neurological involvement in rheumatic diseases include cerebral ischaemia and psychiatric symptoms. Little information is available on the prevalence of neurological d

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11

Musiek, Frank E., Teri James Bellis, and Gail D. Chermak. "Nonmodularity of the Central Auditory Nervous System." American Journal of Audiology 14, no. 2 (2005): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2005/014).

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This response to A. T. Cacace and D. J. McFarland (2005) identifies points of agreement and disagreement regarding the concept of modularity in the diagnosis of (central) auditory processing disorder [(C)APD]. We concur that the evaluation of (C)APD must take into consideration the influence of higher order global or pansensory issues on performance on tests of central auditory function. To accomplish this goal, multidisciplinary (e.g., multimodal) testing is an integral part of differential diagnosis of (C)APD. We also agree that the efficiency of diagnostic tests of (C)APD should not be eval

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Liu, Xinhuai, and Allan E. Herbison. "Kisspeptin Regulation of Neuronal Activity throughout the Central Nervous System." Endocrinology and Metabolism 31, no. 2 (2016): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3803/enm.2016.31.2.193.

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13

Reuck, Jacques L. De. "Cortical Superficial Siderosis of the Central Nervous System – An Overview." European Neurological Review 9, no. 1 (2014): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2014.09.01.68.

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Cortical superficial siderosis (cSS) is observed on gradient echo T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a hypo-intensity outlining the convexity of the cerebral hemispheres. It is composed of haemosiderin deposits in the subpial space. It was initially thought to be a rare condition but with 7.0 Tesla (T) MRI it appears to be not uncommon. Its symptomatology depends on the underlying cortical pathology. Diffuse cSS is mainly related to the sequels of an underlying lobar haematoma, mainly due to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Focal cSS is more due to cortical microinfarcts, that

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Finsterer, J., and H. Auer. "Parasitoses of the human central nervous system." Journal of Helminthology 87, no. 3 (2012): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x12000600.

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AbstractCerebral involvement in parasitoses is an important clinical manifestation of most of the human parasitoses. Parasites that have been described to affect the central nervous system (CNS), either as the dominant or as a collateral feature, include cestodes (Taenia solium (neurocysticerciasis), Echinococcus granulosus (cerebral cystic echinococcosis), E. multilocularis (cerebral alveolar echinococcosis), Spirometra mansoni (neurosparganosis)), nematodes (Toxocara canis and T. cati (neurotoxocariasis), Trichinella spiralis (neurotrichinelliasis), Angiostrongylus cantonensis and A. costari

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Basmajian, John V. "A Glorious Symphony: Muscles-Ligaments-Central Nervous System." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 19, s1 (1997): S126—S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.19.s1.s126.

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In the symphony of neuromotor performance, the muscles are the powerful woodwinds, the ligaments are the essential string section, and the central nervous system both writes and conducts the performance. Electromyography (EMG) has provided the platform and technology in the past half century to bring appreciation of the superb functions of all the parts of the healthy body in concert. This broad “review” provides vignettes of many aspects of motor controls in the upper and lower limbs explored with EMG by the author and his students.

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16

Belyaeva, V. A. "Stress before exams as a risk factor causing functional disorders in the cardiovascular system in students with different metabolic status." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.17.eng.

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Students who attend a medical HEE often face strain in their adaptation mechanisms when preparing for exams; it can create substantial preconditions for functional deregulation in body systems. The articles outlines some results obtained via examining heart rate variability (HRV) in students of the 2nd and the 3rd year attending the North Ossetia State Medical Academy who had different metabolic status in a period prior to exams. Our research goal was to assess the state of the vegetative nervous system and regulatory systems in students with different metabolic status (BMI< 25; BMI=25–29.9

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Belyaeva, V. A. "Stress before exams as a risk factor causing functional disorders in the cardiovascular system in students with different metabolic status." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.17.eng.

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Students who attend a medical HEE often face strain in their adaptation mechanisms when preparing for exams; it can create substantial preconditions for functional deregulation in body systems. The articles outlines some results obtained via examining heart rate variability (HRV) in students of the 2nd and the 3rd year attending the North Ossetia State Medical Academy who had different metabolic status in a period prior to exams. Our research goal was to assess the state of the vegetative nervous system and regulatory systems in students with different metabolic status (BMI< 25; BMI=25–29.9

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18

Campos, Patrícia, Guillermo Cruz, Rodolfo Lizarraga, Ernesto Bancalari, Daniel Guillen, and Carlos Castañeda. "Electroencephalography in congenital malformations of the central nervous system." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 52, no. 4 (1994): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1994000400010.

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We studied clinical and EEG features of 36 cases with congenital malformations of the CNS. Patients were followed at the outpatient clinic of Hospital Cayetano Heredia and of Hogar Clinica San Juan de Dios in Lima-Peru, from January 1984 to June 1992. Eighty percent of the patients had convulsive syndromes and mental retardation. The most frequent malformation was agenesis of corpus callosum, and it was not possible to find a "typical" EEG pattern. The second were porencephalic cysts, with a good clinical-EEG correlation. There were two typical cases of schizencephaly, one of hemimegalencephal

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19

Vandebroek, Arno, and Masato Yasui. "Regulation of AQP4 in the Central Nervous System." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (2020): 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051603.

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Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the main water channel protein expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). AQP4 is densely expressed in astrocyte end-feet, and is an important factor in CNS water and potassium homeostasis. Changes in AQP4 activity and expression have been implicated in several CNS disorders, including (but not limited to) epilepsy, edema, stroke, and glioblastoma. For this reason, many studies have been done to understand the various ways in which AQP4 is regulated endogenously, and could be regulated pharmaceutically. In particular, four regulatory methods have been thoroughly studi

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20

Neubauer, Judith A., and Jagadeeshan Sunderram. "Oxygen-sensing neurons in the central nervous system." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 1 (2004): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00831.2003.

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This mini-review summarizes the present knowledge regarding central oxygen-chemosensitive sites with special emphasis on their function in regulating changes in cardiovascular and respiratory responses. These oxygen-chemosensitive sites are distributed throughout the brain stem from the thalamus to the medulla and may form an oxygen-chemosensitive network. The ultimate effect on respiratory or sympathetic activity presumably depends on the specific neural projections from each of these brain stem oxygen-sensitive regions as well as on the developmental age of the animal. Little is known regard

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21

Rock, R. Bryan, Genya Gekker, Shuxian Hu, et al. "Role of Microglia in Central Nervous System Infections." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 17, no. 4 (2004): 942–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.17.4.942-964.2004.

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SUMMARY The nature of microglia fascinated many prominent researchers in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and in a classic treatise in 1932, Pio del Rio-Hortega formulated a number of concepts regarding the function of these resident macrophages of the brain parenchyma that remain relevant to this day. However, a renaissance of interest in microglia occurred toward the end of the 20th century, fueled by the recognition of their role in neuropathogenesis of infectious agents, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and by what appears to be their participation in other neurodegenerative

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Strati, Paolo, Joon Uhm, Timothy Kaufmann, et al. "Central Nervous System Involvement By Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 2919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2919.2919.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION. Although uncommon, involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is the most common extramedullary manifestation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). Nonetheless, a broad array of conditions can lead to neurologic symptoms in CLL patients and distinguishing between clinically significant CLL involvement of the CNS and other etiologies can be challenging. The actual prevalence of CNS involvement by CLL is unknown, the only available data being case reports and small case series. METHODS. Between 01/1995 and 11/2014, 186 of the 4317 (4%) patients with CLL followed at o

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Halperin, J. J. "Oral treatment of parenchymal central nervous system neuroborreliosis - are we there yet?" European Journal of Neurology 21, no. 9 (2014): 1147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ene.12440.

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Keddie, S., V. Bharambe, A. Jayakumar, et al. "Clinical perspectives into the use of thalidomide for central nervous system tuberculosis." European Journal of Neurology 25, no. 11 (2018): 1345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ene.13732.

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Gioia, Laura, Alexandre Y. Poppe, and Sylvain Lanthier. "Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System - Clinical Approaches, Challenges and Controversies." European Neurological Review 6, no. 3 (2011): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2011.06.03.181.

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Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare and life-threatening form of vasculitis confined to the CNS. A timely diagnosis is a real challenge because clinical manifestations of PACNS are diverse and nonspecific. Headaches, cerebrospinal fluid inflammation and abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging are prevalent. When PACNS is suspected, a thorough investigation is mandatory to rule out several potential simulators and confirm the diagnosis. Treatment of PACNS is also a challenge involving competing forces, which include the threat of serious adverse effects of potent

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Malessy, Martijn J. A., Ralph T. W. M. Thomeer, and J. Gert van Dijk. "Changing central nervous system control following intercostal nerve transfer." Journal of Neurosurgery 89, no. 4 (1998): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1998.89.4.0568.

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Object. The goal of this study was to find which central nervous system (CNS) pathways are involved in volitional control over reinnervated biceps or pectoral muscles. Methods. Intercostal nerves (ICNs) were coapted to the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) or the medial pectoral nerve (MPN) in 23 patients with root avulsions of the brachial plexus to restore biceps or pectoral muscle function. The facilitatory effects of respiration and voluntary contraction on cortical motor-evoked potentials of biceps or pectoral muscles were used to study CNS control over the reinnervated muscles. The time cours

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Girard, Sophie, Thérèse Couderc, Josette Destombes, Danièle Thiesson, Francis Delpeyroux, and Bruno Blondel. "Poliovirus Induces Apoptosis in the Mouse Central Nervous System." Journal of Virology 73, no. 7 (1999): 6066–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.7.6066-6072.1999.

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ABSTRACT Poliovirus (PV) is the etiological agent of human paralytic poliomyelitis. Paralysis results from the destruction of motoneurons, a consequence of PV replication. However, the PV-induced process leading to the death of motoneurons is not well known. We investigated whether PV-induced central nervous system (CNS) injury is associated with apoptosis by using mice as animal models. Transgenic mice expressing the human PV receptor were infected intracerebrally with either the neurovirulent PV-1 Mahoney strain or a paralytogenic dose of the attenuated PV-1 Sabin strain. Nontransgenic mice

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Fontes, H., H. Nzwalo, S. Mendes, S. Fernandes, G. Ponte, and M. Pereira. "Central nervous system vasculitis presenting as acute psychotic disorder." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72450-6.

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IntroductionAcute psychosis can represent a diagnosis challenge. Several disorders can be implicated, and some representing a life threatening condition. We report a rare case of acute psychosis with persistent soft neurological signs as a primary presentation of a central nervous system vasculitis.ResultsA 23 year old man, with antecedent of depression, previous history of cocaine and marijuana abuse, admitted to an acute psychiatric ward with three days evolution of disturbed behavior, mainly isolation and immobility. On the psychiatric ward he appeared vague, with negativism, inattentivenes

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Bahadoran, Philippe, Robert Ballotti, and Jean-Paul Ortonne. "Hypomelanosis, immunity, central nervous system: No more ?and?, not the end." American Journal of Medical Genetics 116A, no. 4 (2003): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.10066.

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Savino, Angela Maria, Orianne Olivares, Shani Barel, et al. "Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) Enhances Central Nervous System Leukemia." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (2018): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-114749.

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Abstract Background: Central nervous system (CNS) involvement by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a major clinical concern. Leukemic cells can be found in the CNS at diagnosis (1-2%) or, more frequently, at relapse (30%). Very little is known about the pathogenesis and therefore there are no targeted therapies. Prophylactic CNS-directed conventional intrathecal chemotherapy or irradiation are required for relapse-free survival. However, they are associated with substantial rates of short and long term toxicity. Therefore, elucidation of molecular mechanisms and pathways mediating leukemia

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Pouzoulet, Frederic, Keyvan Rezai, Zhimin Li, et al. "Preclinical Evaluation of Ibrutinib for Central Nervous System Lymphoma." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 4170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4170.4170.

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Abstract Introduction Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), predominantly of non-germinal center (non-GC) subtype. Currently available treatments remain disappointed with a non-optimal complete remission rate and a high relapse rate. As such, novel therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Constitutive activation of the NF-kB pathway via mutations in B cell receptor (BCR) (CD79B) and mutation of MYD 88 and TBL1XR1 pathways plays an important role in PCNSL. Ibrutinib, an inhibitor of BCR signaling, has been found to have significant therapeutic activity in relap

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Cote, Gregory M., Yang Feng, Aliyah R. Sohani, et al. "Secondary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Single Center Experience." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 5181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.5181.5181.

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Abstract Abstract 5181 Background: Secondary CNS non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SCNSL) is estimated to occur in ∼5% of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and it carries a poor prognosis. Early CNS relapse (i.e. during treatment or within the first 6 months following chemotherapy) may represent subclinical CNS lymphoma present at the time of diagnosis. DLBCL is the most common histology seen in SCNSL and primary CNS (PCNSL) lymphoma. PCNSL DLBCL is usually characterized by an activated B-cell like (ABC) phenotype; it is unknown whether SCNSL follows the same pattern or if it includes germinal center B-

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Ojeda, Jorge, Ariel Ávila, and Pía M. Vidal. "Gut Microbiota Interaction with the Central Nervous System throughout Life." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 6 (2021): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10061299.

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During the last years, accumulating evidence has suggested that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases via the gut–brain axis. Moreover, current research has helped to elucidate different communication pathways between the gut microbiota and neural tissues (e.g., the vagus nerve, tryptophan production, extrinsic enteric-associated neurons, and short chain fatty acids). On the other hand, altering the composition of gut microbiota promotes a state known as dysbiosis, where the balance between helpful and pathogenic bacteria i

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Breeze, Robert E., and Marjorie C. Wang. "An overview of central nervous system transplantation in human disease." Neurosurgical Focus 7, no. 3 (1999): E3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.1999.7.3.4.

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Although its roots date back over a century, the field of neurotransplantation has been shaped mostly by advances over the past 30 years. Animal models of nigrostriatal disconnection in the 1970s allowed investigators to explore the feasibility of neural grafting. By the end of that decade, functional and behavioral effects had been demonstrated using fetal tissue grafts. In the 1980s, animal experimentation continued, as did clinical trials involving patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Both autologous adrenal medullary tissue and fetal allografts were tested in the clinical setting,

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Wrzosek, Marcin. "Electroencephalography as a diagnostic technique for canine neurological diseases." Journal of Veterinary Research 60, no. 2 (2016): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2016-0027.

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Abstract Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive examination method for the assessment of functional central nervous system (CNS) disturbances. In human medicine it has a special importance as a diagnostic tool for epilepsy. Although many studies were done on the use of EEG for diagnostics of canine central nervous system disorders, the technique is still not applied routinely. The purpose of this paper was to review the use of the electroencephalography in canine neurological disorders of central nervous system diagnosis and assess the future perspectives of this technique in veterinar

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Chaumont, H., E. Roze, B. Tressières, F. Lazarini, and A. Lannuzel. "Central nervous system infections in a tropical area: influence of emerging and rare infections." European Journal of Neurology 27, no. 11 (2020): 2242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ene.14422.

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Csaba, György. "Hormonal imprinting in the central nervous system: causes and consequences." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 4 (2013): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29533.

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The notion of the perinatal „hormonal imprinting” has been published at first in 1980 and since that time it spred expansively. The imprintig develops at the first encounter between the developing receptor and the target hormone – possibly by the alteration of the methylation pattern of DNA – and it is transmitted to the progeny generations of the cell. This is needed for the complete development of the receptor’s binding capacity. However, molecules similar to the target hormone (hormone-analogues, drugs, chemicals, environmental pollutants) can also bind to the developing receptor, causing f

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Bain, Allison C., David I. Shreiber, and David F. Meaney. "Modeling of Microstructural Kinematics During Simple Elongation of Central Nervous System Tissue." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 6 (2003): 798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1632627.

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Damage to axons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) white matter is a nearly universal feature of traumatic brain injury, yet it is not clear how the tissue mechanical deformations are transferred to the cellular components of the CNS. Defining how cellular deformations relate to the applied tissue deformation field can both highlight cellular populations at risk for mechanical injury, and define the fraction of cells in a specific population that will exhibit damage. In this investigation, microstructurally based models of CNS white matter were developed and tested against mea

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Grommes, Christian, Alessandro Pastore, Igor Gavrilovic, et al. "Single-Agent Ibrutinib in Recurrent/Refractory Central Nervous System Lymphoma." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.783.783.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive primary brain tumor with median progression free survival (PFS) after upfront methotrexate-based chemotherapy of 2-3 years. Outcome and treatment options are poor for recurrent/refractory (r/r) disease. Response rates (ORR) range between 30-60% with a PFS of 2-5 months. Ibrutinib has shown promising clinical response in Mantel cell lymphoma, CLL, and Waldenström. This trial investigates Ibrutinib in patients with r/r PCNSL and SCNSL. METHODS: Eligible patients had r/r PCNSL or Secondary CNS Lymphoma (SCNSL),

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Magee, C. A., M. Cahir, D. W. Halton, C. F. Johnston, and C. Shaw. "Cytochemical observations on the nervous system of adult Corrigia vitta." Journal of Helminthology 67, no. 3 (1993): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00013122.

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AbstractAdult Corrigia vitta (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidea) inhabit the pancreatic duct of the fieldmouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, where, in numbers, they may occlude the duct lumen and prevent the flow of pancreatic secretions. Enzyme histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques, in conjunction with confocal scanning laser microscopy, have been used to examine the localization and distribution of cholinergic. serotoninergic (5-HT, serotonin) and peptidergic components of the nervous system of the adult worm. All three classes of neuronal mediator showed a common pattern of staining, occurring thr

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Li, Xun, Shifeng Chu, Yinjiao Liu, and Naihong Chen. "Neuroprotective Effects of Anthraquinones from Rhubarb in Central Nervous System Diseases." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (May 16, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3790728.

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Rhubarb is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine; it has been used in China for thousands of years. Rhubarb anthraquinones are the major medicinal ingredients derived from rhubarb including emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, physcion, and danthron. These different anthraquinone derivatives alone or in combination play a therapeutic role in central nervous system diseases (CNSD), such as cerebral ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, brain tumor, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and others. We review the experimental studies on these six anthraquinones in

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Trojanowski, J. Q. "Neurofilament proteins and human nervous system tumors." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, no. 9 (1987): 999–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.9.3611738.

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Neoplasms that arise in the peripheral (e.g., carotid body tumors, neuroblastomas, pheochromocytomas) or central (gangliocytomas, medulloblastomas) nervous system express a number of neuron-specific gene products. Presumably, these tumors are derived from precursor cells that are or have the potential to develop into neurons or neuron-like cells. This report provides a critical examination of the hypothesis that cytoskeletal proteins of normal neurons, in particular the neuron-specific class of intermediate filaments (neurofilaments), are present but are abnormal in neoplasms derived from neur

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Martín-Durán, José M., Gabriella H. Wolff, Nicholas J. Strausfeld, and Andreas Hejnol. "The larval nervous system of the penis worm Priapulus caudatus (Ecdysozoa)." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1685 (2016): 20150050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0050.

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The origin and extreme diversification of the animal nervous system is a central question in biology. While most of the attention has traditionally been paid to those lineages with highly elaborated nervous systems (e.g. arthropods, vertebrates, annelids), only the study of the vast animal diversity can deliver a comprehensive view of the evolutionary history of this organ system. In this regard, the phylogenetic position and apparently conservative molecular, morphological and embryological features of priapulid worms (Priapulida) place this animal lineage as a key to understanding the evolut

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Musumeci, O., S. Marino, F. Granata, et al. "Central nervous system involvement in late‐onset Pompe disease: clues from neuroimaging and neuropsychological analysis." European Journal of Neurology 26, no. 3 (2018): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ene.13835.

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Zakaria, Mohamed Naguib, Hany M. El-Bassossy, and Waleed Barakat. "Targeting AGEs Signaling Ameliorates Central Nervous System Diabetic Complications in Rats." Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/346259.

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Diabetes is a chronic endocrine disorder associated with several complications as hypertension, advanced brain aging, and cognitive decline. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is an important mechanism that mediates diabetic complications. Upon binding to their receptor (RAGE), AGEs mediate oxidative stress and/or cause cross-linking with proteins in blood vessels and brain tissues. The current investigation was designed to investigate the effect of agents that decrease AGEs signaling, perindopril which increases soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and alagebrium which cleaves AGEs cross-

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Gironacci, Mariela M., Nadia A. Longo Carbajosa, Jorge Goldstein, and Bruno D. Cerrato. "Neuromodulatory role of angiotensin-(1–7) in the central nervous system." Clinical Science 125, no. 2 (2013): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20120652.

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Ang-(1–7) [angiotensin-(1–7)] constitutes an important functional end-product of the RAS (renin–angiotensin system) endogenously formed from AngI (angiotensin I) or AngII (angiotensin II) through the catalytic activity of ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), prolyl carboxypeptidase, neutral endopeptidase or other endopeptidases. Ang-(1–7) lacks the pressor, dipsogenic or stimulatory effect on aldosterone release characteristic of AngII. In contrast, it produces vasodilation, natriuresis and diuresis, and inhibits angiogenesis and cell growth. At the central level, Ang-(1–7) acts at sites in

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Chen, Yu-Shuan, Horng-Jyh Harn, and Tzyy-Wen Chiou. "The Role of Biomaterials in Implantation for Central Nervous System Injury." Cell Transplantation 27, no. 3 (2018): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689717732991.

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Permanent deficits that occur in memory, sensation, and cognition can result from central nervous system (CNS) trauma that causes dysfunction and/or unregulated CNS regeneration. Some therapeutic approaches are preferentially applied to the human body. Therefore, cell transplantation, one of the therapeutic strategies, may be used to benefit people. However, poor cell viability and low efficacy are the limitations to cell transplantation strategies. Biomaterials have been widely used in several fields (e.g., triggering cell differentiation, guiding cell migration, improving wound healing, and

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Wąsik, Norbert, Roman Jankowski, Bartosz Sokół, and Hinna Shahid. "High mobility group box 1 protein in the central nervous system." Journal of Medical Science 83, no. 4 (2014): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20883/medical.e89.

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High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a multifunctional protein originally identified as a nuclear transcription modifier. Two pathways are leading to HMGB1 release to the extracellular space i.e. active secretion triggered by noxious stimulation and passive leakage due to necrotic membrane damage. Binding with receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) as well as Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 leads to nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) activation and proinflammatory reaction in target cells. Secretion of cytokines, upregulation of adhesion molecules and chemoattraction are trig

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Jensen, Garrett L., Bouthaina S. Dabaja, Chelsea C. Pinnix, et al. "Radiotherapy in Patients with Mycosis Fungoides and Central Nervous System Involvement." Case Reports in Oncology 11, no. 3 (2018): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000494081.

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Background: Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by mycosis fungoides (MF) is rare; however, it portends a poor prognosis. While aggressive multimodality therapy may improve outcomes, the role of radiation therapy (RT) is not well defined. Objectives: We sought to explore the efficacy of RT in the management of CNS involvement by MF. Method: We retrospectively identified five patients with MF and CNS involvement who received cranial or craniospinal RT at a single institution. Patient characteristics, disease features, radiographic findings, treatments delivered, and outcome data wer

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Cameron, Michelle H. "The WalkAide® Functional Electrical Stimulation System - A Novel Therapeutic Approach For Foot Drop in Central Nervous System Disorders." European Neurological Review 5, no. 2 (2010): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2010.05.02.18.

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Foot drop is the inability to voluntarily dorsiflex the ankle during the swing phase of gait. Foot drop decreases gait quality, limits mobility, increases fall risk, and greatly increases energy expenditure during walking. Traditionally, foot drop is treated with passive dorsiflexion support by an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) but today, functional electrical stimulation (FES) devices are available to promote comfortable, effective active dorsiflexion during gait for patients with central nervous system (CNS) causes of foot drop. The WalkAide® FES System’s unique control system, with tilt sensors

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