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Journal articles on the topic 'Central nervous system Meningitis in children'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Janowski, Andrew B., and Jason G. Newland. "From the microbiome to the central nervous system, an update on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis in childhood." F1000Research 6 (January 27, 2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8533.1.

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In the past century, advances in antibiotics and vaccination have dramatically altered the incidence and clinical outcomes of bacterial meningitis. We review the shifting epidemiology of meningitis in children, including after the implementation of vaccines that target common meningitic pathogens and the introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis offered to mothers colonized withStreptococcus agalactiae. We also discuss what is currently known about the pathogenesis of meningitis. Recent studies of the human microbiome have illustrated dynamic relationships of bacterial and viral popul

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Ahmed, Amina. "Treatment of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis." Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 13, no. 02 (2018): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607235.

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AbstractCentral nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) manifests as tuberculous meningitis, intracranial tuberculoma, or spinal tuberculous arachnoiditis. Children are disproportionately affected, with high rates of mortality and morbidity reported even in the era of treatment. Most guidelines for the treatment of drug-susceptible CNS-TB recommend 9 to 12 months of a standard regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, with the adjunctive use of corticosteroids early in therapy. Recent trials have demonstrated improved outcomes with intensified regimens using nonstandard regime

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Andreeva, I. G., R. N. Mamleev, A. D. Evdokimova, and A. F. Galiullina. "Neurological complications of acute otitis media in children." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 64, no. 5 (2019): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2019-64-5-250-255.

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The complications of acute otitis media remain an unsolved problem in pediatrics, as they often lead to disability of children. The damage to the nervous system is the most dramatic complications of acute purulent otitis media. Neurological complications include both intracranial lesions of the central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscesses) and neuropathy of the cranial nerves. We presented clinical cases of various neurological complications of otitis media, analyzed diagnostic and therapeutic errors and showed the ways to solve this difficult problem.

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Rahaman, Sk Rafikul, Anshuman Panda, Pradyut K. Mandal, Kripasindhu Chatterjee, and R. V. Borgaonkar. "Adenosine deaminase activity in cerebrospinal fluid: diagnostic investigation in central nervous system disorders in children." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 2 (2017): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20170716.

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Background: Tubercular meningitis (TBM) is an endemic disease in developing countries. Adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) has been of great importance for many years in TBM diagnosis. The objective of this study was to determine the CSF-ADA levels in different CNS disorders, to compare the CSF-ADA activity in different types of meningitis, to find out the sensitivity and specificity of CSF-ADA in the diagnosis of TBM and to establish the prognostic value of CSF-ADA in TBM in comparison to Control group.Methods: For control group CSF was collected from the patients of simple febrile convulsions

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5

Volotko L. O. "NEUROSONOGRAPHIC STUDY OF CHILDREN WITH HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC BRAIN IJURY." Science Review, no. 4(31) (April 30, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_sr/30042020/7050.

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The study is aimed at neurosonographic characteristics of brain injury in newborn patients with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury of central nervous system, complicated with inflectional process (meningitis, ventriculitis). It is settled that brain immaturity, hydrocephalic syndrome, ischemia of the brain tissue and intraventricular hemorrhages are found 2 times more often in infants with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury of central nervous system, complicated with inflectional process. This fact generally characterizes disorders of the hemato-encephalic barrier and the development of destruct

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Jawad, Aiyar Shakir. "Spectrum of central nervous system infections in neurosciences hospital in two years : a retrospective study." AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 16, no. 1 (2020): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v16i1.197.

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Background :Infectious disorders in general have high morbidity and mortality.. CNS infections include many disorders like bacterial meningitis, tuberculous and other subacute and chronic meningitis, viral meningitis, cerebral abscess, spinal cord infections, and others.Objective: To assess our locality about prevalence of CNS infections , to have more awareness regarding CNS infections, and to try to find the proper way to reduce their prevalence and to treat them in appropriate way.Method :We revised the records of all the cases of CNS infections excluding cases of spinal cord infections who

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7

Bahtera, Tjipta, Bagus Putu Ngurah Arsana, and Maria Lidwina. "Early Ditection of Central Nervous System Infection by C-reactive Protein Examination of Cerebrospinal Fluid." Paediatrica Indonesiana 32, no. 5-6 (2019): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi32.5-6.1992.144-52.

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There are still many cases of bacterial meningitis in Indonesia. The highest morbidity rate are between 2 months until 2 years of age. The important factors that influence the success of treatment are early diagnosis and detection of the cause. C-reactive protein (=CRP) could be found in the spinal fluid of meningitis patients. The aim of this study is to judge the ability of CRP as a tool in making diagnosis as soon as possible whether there is a bacterial infection of the central nervous system and to compare it with the result of the spinal fluid culture. Also to compare the ability of it a

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8

Gupta, Sanjay, Shobhan Vachhrajani, Abhaya V. Kulkarni, et al. "Neurosurgical management of extraaxial central nervous system infections in children." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 7, no. 5 (2011): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.2.peds09500.

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Object Extraaxial infections of the CNS, including subdural empyema and epidural abscess, are rare but potentially life-threatening conditions. Symptoms are usually progressive, and early diagnosis is therefore important. Early intervention with appropriate treatment offers the best opportunity for eradicating the infection and promoting maximal neurological recovery. Methods The medical records of children with extraaxial CNS infection over the last 24 years at the Hospital for Sick Children were analyzed. Only those patients with radiological and/or operative confirmation of the diagnosis of

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9

Liberalesso, Paulo Breno Noronha, Izabella Celidônio Bertoldo da Silva, Karlin Fabianne Klagenberg, Ari Leon Jurkiewicz, Bianca Simone Zeigelboim, and Victor Horácio Costa Júnior. "Incidence and risk factors for seizures in central nervous system infections in childhood." Journal of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology 15, no. 2 (2009): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-26492009000200007.

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INTRODUCTION: The infections of the central nervous system remain as a public health problem in several countries and there is a direct relation between poverty and underdevelopment with high mortality and morbidity rates. Seizures represents a complication related to infections of the central nervous system, are considered a clinical emergency and requiring neurological investigation. OBJECTIVE: In this article, we propose to describe the incidence and risk factors for seizures in central nervous system infections in childhood. METHODS: a retrospective study was performed between October 2007

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Калоева, Zinaida Kaloeva, Гуссоева, et al. "Clinical and epidemiological features and residual manifestations of serous enteroviralmeningitis in children in North Ossetia-Alania." Vladikavkaz Medico-Biological Bulletin 21, no. 32 (2016): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18547.

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The article presents the analysis of the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of serous meningitis enteroviral etiology in children hospitalized at the RCCH of Vladikavkaz in 2008–2012. We have also studied the residual manifestations of enteroviral meningitis in 44 patients in the early period of convalescence. The study showed that of RNO-Alania typical summer – autumn seasonality of serous meningitis enteroviral etiology in children. The central nervous system caused by enteroviruses more often develops in children of preschool and school age. The clinical picture of enterovira

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Nadraga, Alexander, and Olena Khomyn. "Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory markers in children with aseptic meningitis." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 33, no. 1 (2020): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2020-0002.

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AbstractAseptic meningitis is one of the most common inflammatory disorders of the meninges of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of our study was to investigate the cytokine profiles in the CSF and in the serum of children with aseptic meningitis to determine their role in CNS inflammation. Sixty-eight (68) children were kept under observation. Cytokine profile of CSF and blood (based on the results of determining of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α levels) and procalcitonin in children were revealed, meningitis severity were estimated by AMSS score. It was found that in the majority of patie

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Posnakoglou, Lamprini, Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi, Panagiota Chatzichristou, et al. "Molecular Epidemiology of Enterovirus in Children with Central Nervous System Infections." Viruses 13, no. 1 (2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010100.

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Limited recent molecular epidemiology data are available for pediatric Central Nervous System (CNS) infections in Europe. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of enterovirus (EV) involved in CNS infections in children. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children (0–16 years) with suspected meningitis–encephalitis (ME) who were hospitalized in the largest pediatric hospital of Greece from October 2017 to September 2020 was initially tested for 14 common pathogens using the multiplex PCR FilmArray® ME Panel (FA-ME). CSF samples positive for EV, as well as pharyngeal sw

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Francis, Howard W., Margaret B. Pulsifer, Jill Chinnici, et al. "Effects of Central Nervous System Residua on Cochlear Implant Results in Children Deafened by Meningitis." Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 130, no. 5 (2004): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.130.5.604.

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14

Kara, Simay, Gagandeep Choudhary, and Unni Udayasankar. "Imaging of Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis in Children." Journal of Pediatric Neurology 15, no. 05 (2017): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1604235.

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AbstractAlthough central nervous system infections in children are rare, when suspected, urgent diagnosis and treatment are mandated to prevent morbidity and mortality. Inflammation of the meninges alone is termed meningitis; associated involvement of the underlying brain leads to meningoencephalitis. CSF analysis remains the gold standard in identifying the infectious agent. Imaging plays a vital role not only in supporting the diagnosis of meningitis or meningoencephalitis but also in identifying potential complications, monitoring treatment response, and follow-up. The pattern of meningeal

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15

Isaacson, Glenn, and Wesley W. Parke. "Meningitis after Adenoidectomy: An Anatomic Explanation." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 105, no. 9 (1996): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949610500903.

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Meningitis is a rare complication of adenoidectomy. During a 5-month period, two children at St Christopher's Hospital for Children developed meningitis within days following this surgical procedure. The potential causes of this complication that we investigated include coincidence, systemic hematogenous spread of bacteria to the central nervous system, and direct or indirect contamination of the cerebrospinal fluid by bacteria introduced by retropharyngeal injection of lidocaine hydrochloride and epinephrine. Based on statistical analysis of the available literature and anatomic studies of th

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Moreira-Silva, Sandra F., Murilo G. Rodrigues, João L. Pimenta, Camila P. Gomes, Larissa H. Freire, and Fausto E. L. Pereira. "Toxocariasis of the central nervous system: with report of two cases." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 37, no. 2 (2004): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822004000200011.

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Clinical involvement of the nervous system in visceral larva migrans due to Toxocara is rare, although in experimental animals the larvae frequently migrate to the brain. A review of the literature from the early 50's to date found 29 cases of brain involvement in toxocariasis. In 20 cases, various clinical and laboratory manifestations of eosinophilic meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis or radiculopathy were reported. We report two children with neurological manifestations, in which there was cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with marked eosinophilia and a positive serology for Toxocara both in

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17

Heusel, Ethan H., and Charles Grose. "Twelve Children with Varicella Vaccine Meningitis: Neuropathogenesis of Reactivated Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine Virus." Viruses 12, no. 10 (2020): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12101078.

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Varicella vaccine is a live attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Like its parental strain called VZV pOka, the vaccine virus vOka retains some neurotropic properties. To better understand vOka neuropathogenesis, we reassessed 12 published cases of vOka meningitis that occurred in once-immunized and twice-immunized children, all of whom had bouts of herpes zoster preceding the central nervous system infection. Eight of the 12 meningitis cases occurred in children who had received only one immunization. There was no pattern to the time interval between varicella vaccination and the onset of

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Orzechowska, Magda, Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak, and Mateusz Cybulski. "An outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Podlaskie Voivodeship in 2014." Aktualności Neurologiczne 16, no. 4 (2016): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/an.2016.0028.

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Enteroviruses cause common infections with various clinical course and forms, such as hand-foot-and-mouth disease (Boston exanthem disease), herpangina, myocarditis and pericarditis, widespread myositis (epidemic pleurodynia, Bornholm disease), or aseptic inflammation of the nervous system, among children and adolescents. An increase in aseptic meningitis cases of enteroviral aetiology, including the E30 virus, was occasionally observed in various European countries. In 2014, an outbreak of aseptic meningitis was reported in Podlaskie Voivodeship. A total of 640 cases were reported between Jun

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Chaudhary, M., DN Shah, and PR Sharma. "Ocular Manifestations of Meningitis in Children." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 32, no. 2 (2012): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i2.5534.

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Introduction: Meningitis is the most common central nervous system disease affecting children leading to focal neurological deficits and various oculovisual anomalies including blindness in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oculovisual anomalies occurring in Nepalese children suffering from different types of bacterial meningitis. Materials and Methods: A Prospective, study was undertaken for 18 months at B.P.Koirala Lion’s Center for ophthalmic studies, TU Teaching Hospital to study the children suffering from bacterial meningitis admitted at Kanti Children’s Hospital

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Janse van Rensburg, Pieter, Savvas Andronikou, Ronald van Toorn, and Manana Pienaar. "Magnetic resonance imaging of miliary tuberculosis of the central nervous system in children with tuberculous meningitis." Pediatric Radiology 38, no. 12 (2008): 1306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-008-1028-1.

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Rohlwink, Ursula, Naomi Walker, Alvaro Ordonez, et al. "Matrix Metalloproteinases in Pulmonary and Central Nervous System Tuberculosis—A Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6 (2019): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061350.

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains the single biggest infectious cause of death globally, claiming almost two million lives and causing disease in over 10 million individuals annually. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes with various physiological roles implicated as key factors contributing to the spread of TB. They are involved in the breakdown of lung extracellular matrix and the consequent release of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli into the airways. Evidence demonstrates that MMPs also play a role in central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis, as they contribute t

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Kumari, Neha, Namrata S. Patil, Ananya Mukherjee, and Sushma U. Save. "Disseminated Glioneuronal Tumor: A rare presentation in children." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, no. 10 (2021): 1747. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20213742.

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Gliomas, though most common pediatric central nervous system tumor, can manifest as disseminated glio-neuronal tumor, a rare variant in children. Clinical presentation depends on its location, type and age of child. We are presenting 8 years old male child with fever, projectile vomiting and severe headache which woke him up from deep sleep for 1 month. He had positive meningeal signs and raised intracranial tension with cerebrospinal fluid picture suggestive of partially treated meningitis. There was no improvement even on adequate duration of intravenous antibiotics and had appearance of new

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Zaknun, D., J. Zaknun, K. Unsinn, H. Wächter, and D. Fuchs. "Interferon Gamma-induced Formation of Neopterin and Degradation of Tryptophan in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Meningitis but Not with Febrile Convulsions." Pteridines 5, no. 3 (1994): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.1994.5.3.102.

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Summary Endogenously formed cytokines may play an important role in the development of meningitis, and it is necessary to understand in more detail inflammatory cascades involved in the disease process. We were interested to investigate biochemical changes which are inducible by interferon gamma. Therefore, we examined concentrations of neopterin, tryptophan, kynurenine and interferon gamma in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 11 children with bacterial or viral meningitis and of 20 children with febrile convulsions, who suffered from viral or bacterial disease not involving the central nervous sy

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Akhter, Rowshan Jahan, and BH Nazma Yasmeen. "A very young patient with Tubercular Meningitis and its complications." Northern International Medical College Journal 10, no. 2 (2020): 400–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/nimcj.v10i2.45437.

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A case report on a successful management of an eight months old boy with Tubercular Meningitis with Multiple Tuberculoma in Brain with Obstructive Hydrocephalus with Left sided Lower motor neuron type Facial Palsy with Right Sided Hemiparesis. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the Brain Meninges.1,2 In TBM inflammation occur mainly in the base of the brain and when the inflammation affect the brain stem subarachnoid area, cranial nerve roots then symptoms may occur like space-occupying lesions.3,4 TBM is more common in children than in adults, especially c

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Toczylowski, Kacper, Ewa Bojkiewicz, Marta Barszcz, Marta Wozinska-Klepadlo, Paulina Potocka, and Artur Sulik. "Etiology, Clinical Presentation and Incidence of Infectious Meningitis and Encephalitis in Polish Children." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8 (2020): 2324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082324.

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Little is known about the causes and the frequency of meningitis and encephalitis in Poland. We did a retrospective single-center cohort study of children under 18 years old hospitalized with infectious meningitis or encephalitis. Incidence rates were calculated using collected data from patients from the North-East Poland only. A total of 374 children hospitalized between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019 were included in the study. A total of 332 (89%) children had meningitis, and 42 (11%) had encephalitis. The etiology of the infection was established in 331 (89%) cases. Enteroviruses acc

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Hatcher, Brandon L., Joanetha Y. Hale, and David E. Briles. "Free Sialic Acid Acts as a Signal That Promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae Invasion of Nasal Tissue and Nonhematogenous Invasion of the Central Nervous System." Infection and Immunity 84, no. 9 (2016): 2607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01514-15.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcus) is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and neurological sequelae in children worldwide. Acute bacterial meningitis is widely considered to result from bacteremia that leads to blood-brain barrier breakdown and bacterial dissemination throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Previously, we showed that pneumococci can gain access to the CNS through a nonhematogenous route without peripheral blood infection. This access is thought to occur when the pneumococci in the upper sinus follow the olfactory nerves and enter the CNS through the olfactory bulb

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Linda Xavier. "Role of serum osmolarity as an indicator for neurological morbidity in children with acute central nervous illness." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (2020): 3042–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2405.

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Acute CNS illness comprising of Acute CNS infections along with Traumatic head Injury is an important cause for significant morbidity and mortality in Pediatric Intensive Care units across the world. Osmolar changes in the blood correlate well with CNS status. Acute BM is still a meaningful, host-pathogen interaction responsible for bacterial invasion of the CNS Osmolality in children with CNS illness is a good indicator of assessing neurological Morbidity and Mortality. A complex neuroendocrine system is involved in the maintenance of sodium and water homeostasis. Bacterial Meningitis (BM) is

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Bilsel, Kerem, Mehmet Erdil, Mehmet Elmadag, Hasan H. Ceylan, Derya Celik, and Ibrahim Tuncay. "A Rare Complication of Tuberculous Meningitis Pediatric Anterior Glenohumeral Instability." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/385782.

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Dislocation and instability of the shoulder joint are rare occurrences in childhood. Traumatic, infectious, congenital, and neuromuscular causes of pediatric recurrent shoulder dislocations are reported before. Central nervous system infection in infancy may be a reason for shoulder instability during childhood. This situation, which causes a disability for children, can be treated successfully with arthroscopic stabilization of the shoulder and postoperative effective rehabilitation protocols. Tuberculous meningitis may be a reason for neuromuscular shoulder instability. We describe a 12-year

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Pypa, L. V., R. V. Svistilnik, Yu N. Lysytsia, K. Yu Romanchuk, and I. V. Odarchuk. "CLINICAL-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ASEPTIC MENINGITIS IN CHILDREN OF KHMELNITSKYI REGION (PODILSKYI REGION, UKRAINE): FOURTEEN-YEAR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL OBSERVATION." Journal Infectology 11, no. 1 (2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-1-41-45.

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Aim of work – to analyze the etiological structure, epidemiological structure, social-demographic features and the nature of the development of complications of the central nervous system in aseptic meningitis in children in Khmelnitskyi region for the period 2004-2017.Materials and methods. It was conducted a prospective analysis of 208 cases of aseptic meningitis in children of whom 138 people were boys and 70 people were girls. The etiology of the disease was determined by studying cerebrospinal fluid using PCR method. Complications of the central nervous system were diagnosed on the basis

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Messacar, Kevin, Garrett Breazeale, Christine C. Robinson, and Samuel R. Dominguez. "Potential clinical impact of the film array meningitis encephalitis panel in children with suspected central nervous system infections." Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 86, no. 1 (2016): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.05.020.

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Saleem, Ali Faisal, Muhammad Shafaat Shah, Abdul Sattar Shaikh, Fatima Mir, and Anita K. M. Zaidi. "Acinetobacter species meningitis in children: a case series from Karachi, Pakistan." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, no. 11 (2011): 809–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1697.

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Introduction: Multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter pose a serious therapeutic dilemma in hospital practice, particularly when they cause meningitis, as the few antimicrobial agents to which these isolates are susceptible have poor central nervous system (CNS) penetration. Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical course and outcome of eight consecutive cases of meningitis due to Acinetobacter spp. in children ages 15 years or less, seen in a tertiary care medical center in Karachi, Pakistan. Results: Of the eight cases of Acinetobacter meningitis, isolates from five patient

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R. Sarhat, Entedhar, Zubaidah N. M Albarzanji, and Chateen I. Ali Pambuk. "Estimation of Some Interleukins in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Children with Meningitis." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 12, no. 04 (2019): 2151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1850.

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Meningitis is often associated with cerebral compromise which may be responsible for neurological squeal in nearly half of the survivors. Little is known about the mechanisms of CNS involvement in bacterial meningitis. the current study was to analyze the clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-1, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein in children with meningitis (n=35) and compared with control subjects (n=28). Serum total protein, interleukine-6, IL-1 , IL-8, IL-10 , and, CRP, and TNF-α levels were found t

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Posnakoglou, Lamprini, Vasiliki Syriopoulou, Tania Siahanidou, Eleni Atmatzidou, Triantafyllos Syriopoulos, and Athanasios Michos. "1399. A Prospective Cohort Study Regarding the Impact of Biofire® FilmArray® Meningitis/Encephalitis (FA) Panel in Children with Suspected Central Nervous System Infection." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1263.

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Abstract Background Rapid detection of pathogens involved in central nervous system (CNS) infections could be important for the optimal patient management and overall hospitalization cost. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible benefits with the use of BioFire® FilmArray® meningitis/encephalitis (FA) panel in children with suspected CNS infection. Methods A prospective cohort study, was performed on children admitted to a tertiary pediatric hospital, over a period of 1 year (April 2018–April 2019), with possible CNS infection and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis (>15 cells/m

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Saproo, Nipun, and Roma Singh. "Role of procalcitonin in viral and bacterial meningitis." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 8, no. 7 (2021): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20212406.

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Background: Meningitis is one of the most common central nervous system infections by bacteria, virus or fungus encountered in infants and children.Early diagnosis of meningitis and differentiation of bacterial from non-bacterial/ viral meningitis tends to play an important role in the emergency management of children with suspected meningitis. While cerebrospinal fluid analysis is popular, along with biomarkers: C-reactive protein and white blood cell count, serum procalcitonin seems to offer an even better specificity.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional-study was conducted in departmen

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Higashimoto, Yuki, Soichiro Ishimaru, Hiroki Miura, et al. "1417. Detection of Human Herpesviruses DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluids of Patients Suspected with Central Nervous System Infection." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1281.

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Abstract Background Of the nine human herpesviruses (HHVs), most viruses have neurovirulence. Clinical manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) complications caused by some of the HHVs are well examined in children and immunocompromised adults; however, information of EBV and β-herpesviruses in an immunocompetent adult is limited. Methods Between April 2013 and March 2018, 322 patients (median age; 51.6 years old, male/female; 196/126) suspected to CNS infection were enrolled in this study. Patients with unconsciousness or characteristic change lasting more than 24 hours and abnormal bra

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Wiatr, Marie, Ricardo Figueiredo, Carolin Stump-Guthier, et al. "Polar Infection of Echovirus-30 Causes Differential Barrier Affection and Gene Regulation at the Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (2020): 6268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176268.

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Echovirus-30 (E-30) is responsible for the extensive global outbreaks of meningitis in children. To gain access to the central nervous system, E-30 first has to cross the epithelial blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Several meningitis causing bacteria preferentially infect human choroid plexus papilloma (HIBCPP) cells in a polar fashion from the basolateral cell side. Here, we investigated the polar infection of HIBCPP cells with E-30. Both apical and basolateral infections caused a significant decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance of HIBCPP cells. However, to reach the same i

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Appelgren, Daniel, Helena Enocsson, Barbro H. Skogman, et al. "Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples from Children and Adults with Central Nervous System Infections." Cells 9, no. 1 (2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9010043.

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Neutrophils operate as part of the innate defence in the skin and may eliminate the Borrelia spirochaete via phagocytosis, oxidative bursts, and hydrolytic enzymes. However, their importance in Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is unclear. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, which is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species, involves the extrusion of the neutrophil DNA to form traps that incapacitate bacteria and immobilise viruses. Meanwhile, NET formation has recently been studied in pneumococcal meningitis, the role of NETs in other central nervous system (CNS) infecti

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Vuletic, Biljana, Andjelka Stojkovic, Zoran Igrutinovic, et al. "Pneumococcal meningitis associated with glomerulonephritis: A case report." Vojnosanitetski pregled 74, no. 7 (2017): 693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp150819252v.

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Introduction. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the second most common cause of meningitis in children, producing more serious complications than other bacteria. Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are a rare trigger of glomerulonephritis. We presented a case of glomerulonephritis developing concurrently with meningitis in a young male child. Case report. Gross haematuria, significant proteinuria, hypertension and decreased level of C3 alongside the signs of central nervous system involvement occurred in a male patient of 5 years and 3 months of age. Spontaneous resolution of renal affliction parame

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Grimshaw, Alice, Pamela Palasanthiran, Julie Huynh, Ben Marais, Sharon Chen, and Brendan McMullan. "Cryptococcal infections in children: retrospective study and review from Australia." Future Microbiology 14, no. 18 (2019): 1531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0215.

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Aim: Cryptococcosis causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, but pediatric data are limited. Methods: A retrospective literature review of Australian pediatric cryptococcosis and additional 10-year audit of cases from a large pediatric network. Results: 22 cases of cryptococcosis in children were identified via literature review: median age was 13.5 years (IQR 7.8–16 years), 18/22 (82%) had meningitis or central nervous system infection. Where outcome was reported, 11/18 (61%) died. Of six audit cases identified from 2008 to 2017, 5 (83%) had C. gattii disease and survived. One ch

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Cywińska, Kamila, Aleksandra Derwich, Magdalena Figlerowicz, and Katarzyna Mazur-Melewska. "Aseptic meningitis in children: seasonal variation and diagnostic problems as reflected in the authors’ experiences from 2017–2018." Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna 17, no. 2 (2021): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pimr.2021.0024.

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Meningitis is the most common infectious disease of the central nervous system both in children and in adults. The incidence of the disease in Poland, similar to Western Europe, is 6–8 cases per 100,000/year, with the highest figure for children up to 4 years of age. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to make a detailed analysis of aseptic meningitis cases in children, with a focus on aetiology and course of the disease, and laboratory results. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a group of 59 children aged between 2.5 months and 17 years in whom aseptic me

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Kokoreva, Svetlana P., and Natalya V. Kazartseva. "Changes in the urinary system in children with enterovirus infection." Russian Pediatric Journal 24, no. 3 (2021): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46563/1560-9561-2021-24-3-193-196.

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A significant increase in the incidence of enterovirus infections (EVI) with the development of multiple organ damage does not exclude the involvement of the urinary system organs in the pathological process. Materials and methods. 151 EVI children (103 cases with enterovirus meningitis (EVM), 48 children with other forms of EVI without damage of central nervous system) aged from 1 to 18 years. The frequency and nature of changes in urinary sediment and kidney function in patients with various EVI forms were studied. A highly sensitive marker of acute kidney injury - KIM-1 was used as a marker

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Kulkarni, S. P., M. A. Jaleel, and G. V. Kadival. "Evaluation of an in-house-developed PCR for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in Indian children." Journal of Medical Microbiology 54, no. 4 (2005): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.45801-0.

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Early and rapid detection of the causative organism is necessary in tuberculosis, particularly tuberculous meningitis, as the disease affects mainly children and if untreated or improperly treated can cause severe central nervous system disorders and can often be fatal. An in-house-developed PCR technique was developed for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA, in which the target for amplification was a 340 bp nucleotide sequence located within the 38 kDa protein gene. The test can detect as small an amount of DNA as 10 fg, which is equivalent to two to three organisms, and is highl

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Shrestha, Shree Krishna. "Role of CSF Analysis for the First Episode of Febrile Seizure among Children between Six Months to Five Years of Age." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 30, no. 2 (2010): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v30i2.2474.

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Introduction: A febrile convulsion is defined as a seizure that occurs in association with fever in childrenfrom six months to five years of age, with no evidence of a central nervous system infection or otheridentifiable causes of seizure and no history of an afebrile seizure. Simple febrile seizures are brief(<15 minutes), generalized, and occur in association with fever and only once during a 24-hour periodwithout postictal pathology. Febrile Seizures have longer duration (>15 min), or have focal features or ifthey recur within 24 hours are defined as complex. In May 1996, the America

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Tkhakushinova, N. Kh, T. T. Shaturina, L. A. Ledenko, and O. V. Bevzenko. "Enterovirus infection in children in the Krasnodar Region, clinical and epidemiological characteristics." Infekcionnye bolezni 18, no. 4 (2020): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2020-4-105-108.

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Objective. To analyze age-specific etiology and clinical manifestations of enteroviral infections (EVIs) in children residing in Krasnodar region. Patients and methods. This retrospective study included 3,213 patients with confirmed EVIs registered between 2006 and 2018 and admitted to the Specialized Clinical Children's Hospital for Infectious Diseases. Polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the diagnosis. Results. We found that the most common enteroviruses circulating in Krasnodar region for many years were Coxsackie B virus and ECHO viruses 6, 11, and 30. The majority of patients (7

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Kilpatrick, M. E., N. I. Girgis, M. W. Yassin, and A. A. Abu El Ella. "Tuberculous meningitis – clinical and laboratory review of 100 patients." Journal of Hygiene 96, no. 2 (1986): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400066006.

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SUMMARYIn developing countries tuberculous meningitis is a difficult infection to differentiate from other central nervous system (CNS) infections. This paper presents the history, physical findings, laboratory data, and clinical course of 100 patients who were admitted to a special ward and had CSF cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Fifty-four patients were comatose when admitted and 76 had meningeal signs. Mean admission CSF values were WBC 531, glucose 23 mg/dl, and protein 166 mg/dl. Only two CSF AFB smears were positive. Sixty-one percent of the chest X-rays taken were cons

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Bustos B, R., F. Vega, and C. Meza. "P0572 / #315: POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THE FILM ARRAY MENINGITIS/ENCEPHALITIS PANEL IN CHILDREN WITH SUSPECTED CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS RECEIVING ACYCLOVIR." Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 22, Supplement 1 3S (2021): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pcc.0000740628.69013.5c.

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Middleton, Judith A. "Brain injury in children and adolescents." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 7, no. 4 (2001): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.7.4.257.

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Acquired brain damage in children is not uncommon, head injuries being the most frequent cause. Brain injury may also occur during the very vulnerable periods of rapid growth of the foetal brain from prenatal trauma/strokes, during a difficult birth, or postnatally from strokes, infections (e.g. meningitis and encephalitis), metabolic disturbances (e.g. phenylketonuria), treatment (e.g. central nervous system (CNS) surgery or radiotherapy for leukaemia) or toxins (e.g. alcohol and valproate). This paper concentrates on the assessment of and interventions following acquired brain injury sustain

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Chand, Ramesh, Yuvraj Sharma, and Ritu Rakholia. "Burden of central nervous system infection in cases of fever with seizure and its association with outcome: an experience in a tertiary care center of Uttarakhand, India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 2 (2019): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190711.

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Background: CNS infections have been linked to adverse neurological sequelae notably seizures and mortality. Although, various etiologies of AFE have been studied, but the mystery still remains untangled for the substantial risk factors for the diagnosis and outcome.Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 67 children between 2 months to 15 years, from (May 2016 to April 2017) tertiary care centre of Uttarakhand. Patients were analysed for demographic variables, haematological parameters, CSF analysis, neuroimaging and their outcome was assessed at one month of follow up.Results: Thi

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You, Su Jeong. "Human Herpesvirus-6 may be Neurologically Injurious in Some Immunocompetent Children." Journal of Child Neurology 35, no. 2 (2019): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073819879284.

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Purpose: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) can infect the central nervous system in immunocompromised individuals. Less is known, however, about HHV-6 infection in immunocompetent patients. This study evaluated the neurologic features and prognosis of HHV-6 infection in immunocompetent patients. Methods: The medical records of patients aged 1 month to 18 years who underwent cerebrospinal fluid examinations and were tested for 6 viruses, including HHV-6, by multiplex polymerase chain reaction were evaluated retrospectively. Results: During the study period, 252 children were included. None had underl

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van der Flier, M., S. P. M. Geelen, J. L. L. Kimpen, I. M. Hoepelman, and E. I. Tuomanen. "Reprogramming the Host Response in Bacterial Meningitis: How Best To Improve Outcome?" Clinical Microbiology Reviews 16, no. 3 (2003): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.16.3.415-429.2003.

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SUMMARY Despite effective antibiotic therapy, bacterial meningitis is still associated with high morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Animal studies have shown that the host inflammatory response induced by bacterial products in the subarachnoid space is associated with central nervous system injury. Thus, attenuation of inflammation early in the disease process might improve the outcome. The feasibility of such an approach is demonstrated by the reduction in neurologic sequelae achieved with adjuvant dexamethasone therapy. Increased understanding of the pathways of inflammatio

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