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Journal articles on the topic 'Central Nervous System Stimulant'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Sireesha, Kalva* Ramya Yenni Arravolu Madhu. "A Comparative Evaluation Of Central Nervous System Acting Drugs By Screening Models." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 1, no. 10 (2023): 165–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10017308.

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Drugs that stimulate or depress CNS play an important role in human therapeutics. Undesirable side effects and ineffectiveness of currently available CNS stimulants or depressants in many situations call for development of novel drugs. This study  was designed for screening the activity of drugs for central nervous system. More particularly to compare the efficay of marketed CNS drugs with herbal drugs. CNS stimulant drugs Unicontin, Armodafinil, Bacopa monnieri were choosen and their locomotor activity was screened using Actophotometer. Bacopa monnieri was found to be equally potent to A

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GUPTA, MOHIT, RAVI SHEKHAR, and JAGDISH K. SAHU. "ROLE OF DRUG DISCOVERY IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS: AN OVERVIEW." Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24092/crps.2021.110302.

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Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants are drugs, which produce a response that could be used to alleviate a particular medical condition. These are the agents, which speed up to treat conditions characterized by lack of adrenergic stimulation, including narcolepsy and neonatal apnea. The majority of CNS stimulants is chemically similar to the neurohormone norepinephrine and simulates the traditional "fight or flight" syndrome associated with sympathetic nervous system arousal. A small figure of added members of the CNS stimulant class do not fall into definite chemical groups. The review on

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3

Levy, Florence. "CNS Stimulant Controversies." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 23, no. 4 (1989): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678909062617.

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Controversies in the use of central nervous system stimulant medications in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are discussed. Diagnostic issues, age of optimal use, side effects, effects on learning and ethical considerations are current issues. An animal model for the effects of chronic long-term high dose regimes is proposed.

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George, Alan J. "Central nervous system stimulants." Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 14, no. 1 (2000): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/beem.2000.0055.

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5

Sk., Irfan Khan* B. Navya Chandan kumar Dr.Y.Krishna Reddy DR.K.N.V.Rao Dr. K. Rajeswar dutt. "FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF CAFFEINE EFFERVESCENT TABLETS." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 04 (2018): 2222–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1215140.

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The present study aims at developing a caffeine effervescent tablet formulation for the effective treatment of the central nervous system as it acts central nervous system stimulant of the methylxanthine class. And this dosage form is to provide the patient with the most convenient mode of administration, effervescent tablets will dissolve quickly in water and it releases CO2. And effervescent tablet contains caffeine acts as central nervous system stimulant within seconds of time it will simulate the CNS, onset of action is rapid. Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant of methyl xanth

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6

Moore, Thomas J., Phillip W. Wirtz, Jill N. Curran, and G. Caleb Alexander. "Medical use and combination drug therapy among US adult users of central nervous system stimulants: a cross-sectional analysis." BMJ Open 13, no. 4 (2023): e069668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069668.

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ObjectiveExamine patterns of adult medical use of amphetamine and methylphenidate stimulant drugs, classified in the USA as Schedule II controlled substances with a high potential for psychological or physical dependence.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsPrescription drug claims for US adults, age 19–64 years, included in a commercial insurance claims database with 9.1 million continuously enrolled adults from 1 October 2019, through 31 December 2020. Stimulant use was defined as adults filling one or more stimulant prescriptions during calendar 2020.Outcome measuresThe prima

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7

Ikeda-Murakami, Kei, Naoto Tani, Tomoya Ikeda, Yayoi Aoki, and Takaki Ishikawa. "Central Nervous System Stimulants Limit Caffeine Transport at the Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (2022): 1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031862.

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Caffeine, a common ingredient in energy drinks, crosses the blood–brain barrier easily, but the kinetics of caffeine across the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) has not been investigated. Therefore, 127 autopsy cases (Group A, 30 patients, stimulant-detected group; and Group B, 97 patients, no stimulant detected group) were examined. In addition, a BCSFB model was constructed using human vascular endothelial cells and human choroid plexus epithelial cells separated by a filter, and the kinetics of caffeine in the BCSFB and the effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a neuroexcitatory agent

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8

ANGRIST, BURT, MARILYN D??HOLLOSY, MICHAEL SANFILIPO, et al. "Central Nervous System Stimulants as." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 12, no. 4 (1992): 268???272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199208000-00009.

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9

Evenden, J. L., and C. N. Ryan. "Behavioral responses to psychomotor stimulant drugs: Localization in the central nervous system." Pharmacology & Therapeutics 36, no. 2-3 (1988): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(88)90104-0.

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Moore, Thomas J., Phillip W. Wirtz, Stefan P. Kruszewski, and G. Caleb Alexander. "Changes in medical use of central nervous system stimulants among US adults, 2013 and 2018: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 11, no. 8 (2021): e048528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048528.

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ObjectiveTo assess the 5-year changes in the adult medical use of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants with higher risk of dependence and evaluate the population characteristics of users and their medical and/or neurological conditions.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAnnual US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a stratified random sample of approximately 30 000 persons designed to produce national population estimates. It focuses on reported medical spending, medical services used, health status and prescription medications.ParticipantsAdults age 19 years and older who reported obtaining

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11

Jacobson, Bert H. "Caffeine Ingestion and Performance." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 1 (1998): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.1.66.

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12

Drisdale III, John K., Monica G. Thornhill, and Alexandre R. Vieira. "Specific Central Nervous System Medications Are Associated with Temporomandibular Joint Symptoms." International Journal of Dentistry 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1026834.

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Aims. There is evidence of association between bruxism and the increasingly common central nervous system stimulants prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) often prescribed for depression or anxiety. However, the evidence is not clear on whether these medications inducing bruxism are directly associated with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). The aim of this work is to evaluate whether these medications are associated with TMD symptoms.Methods. Medical history and participant data were obtained for 469

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Ferraz, Anete C., Miriam Elizabeth M. Angelucci, Mariana L. Da Costa, Ilza R. Batista, Bras H. De Oliveira, and Claudio Da Cunha. "Pharmacological Evaluation of Ricinine, a Central Nervous System Stimulant Isolated from Ricinus communis." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 63, no. 3 (1999): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00007-6.

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TAYLOR, MICHAEL J., OMAR M. ALHASSOON, BRIAN C. SCHWEINSBURG, JOHN S. VIDEEN, and IGOR GRANT. "MR spectroscopy in HIV and stimulant dependence." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 6, no. 1 (2000): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617700611104.

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HIV infection and abuse of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants are both associated with brain damage and dysfunction. CNS stimulant overdose can lead to microinfarction, hemorrhagic lesions, and vasculitis (Bostwick, 1981; Cahill et al., 1981), and may impact frontostriatal systems. Investigations of HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals have demonstrated deficits in attention, speed of information processing, motor functioning, executive functioning, and learning efficiency. These deficits are consistent with frontostriatal involvement (Heaton et al., 1995; Martin, 1994). Given the rise in AIDS

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15

HOLMAN, R. BRUCE. "Biological effects of central nervous system stimulants." Addiction 89, no. 11 (1994): 1435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03740.x.

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16

Avois, L. "Central nervous system stimulants and sport practice." British Journal of Sports Medicine 40, Supplement 1 (2006): i16—i20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.027557.

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17

HARVEY, J. "Behavioral pharmacology of central nervous system stimulants." Neuropharmacology 26, no. 7 (1987): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(87)90066-9.

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18

Hammerness, Paul G. "7.8 Central Nervous System (CNS) Stimulants and Cardiovascular System." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 63, no. 10 (2024): S155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2024.07.623.

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Rathod, Hetal. "Caffeine – An Enigma." Healthline 14, no. 2 (2023): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51957/healthline_533_2023.

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Considering the growing public health significance of some forms of caffeine use, such as the consumption of energy drinks with high caffeine content that are currently largely unregulated or combinations of caffeine and methamphetamine, the International Classification of Diseases 11 (ICD 11) separates caffeine from other stimulants. A stimulant and diuretic, caffeine is a bitter alkaloid that is mostly found in coffee, tea, cacao, and kola nuts. As a stimulant of the Central Nervous System(CNS) it boosts the body's flow of hormone like cortisol. Caffeine promotes relative brain hypoperfusion

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Azab, Shereen M., M. Shehata, and Amany M. Fekry. "A novel electrochemical analysis of the legal psychoactive drug caffeine using a zeolite/MWCNT modified carbon paste sensor." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 38 (2019): 15359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj04070f.

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Caffeine (Caf) is a natural central nervous system stimulant categorized by the US Food and Drug Administration as a safe drug and its maximal amount in soft drinks has been approximately determined to be lower than 200 mg L<sup>−1</sup>.

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Aminova, Mohinur Normurod qizi, Kamola Xamidovna Urokova, Vazira Xamidovna Urokova, Sarvarjon Chori o'g'li Safarov, and Nozima Ikrom qizi Mengliboyeva. "TYPES OF ANALEPTIC SUBSTANCES AND TYPES OF EFFECTS." Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (2023): 115–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8284318.

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An analeptic, in medicine, is a central nervous system stimulant. The term "analeptic" typically refers to respiratory analeptics (for example, doxapram). Analeptics are central nervous system stimulants that include a wide variety of medications used to treat depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and respiratory depression. Analeptics can also be used as convulsants, with low doses causing patients to experience heightened awareness, restlessness, and rapid breathing. The primary medical use of these drugs is as an an

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Bakker, Kathleen, and Mary-Clare Waugh. "Stimulant Use in Paediatric Acquired: Brain Injury: Evaluation of a Protocol." Brain Impairment 1, no. 1 (2000): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.1.1.29.

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AbstractChildren with acquired brain injury (ABI) experience deficits in attentional skills such as, sustained attention, distractability and impulsivity, which have the potential to influence all aspects of their functioning. The use of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants is gaining increasing popularity in adult ABI literature. CNS stimulants have been successfully utilised in the management of attentional problems in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and are believed to have their therapeutic effect by modulating neurotransmitter function in the neocortex, an area of the brain im

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Weiss, Margaret D. "7.7 Central Nervous System (CNS) Stimulants and Sleep." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 63, no. 10 (2024): S155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2024.07.622.

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Nordgarden, H., M. Lamkin, EG Oppenheim, K. Storhaug, and J. L. Jensen. "Salivary Secretions: Narcolepsy and Central Nervous System Stimulants." Journal of Dental Research 77, no. 10 (1998): 1817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345980770100901.

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Kondapavuluru, Roy. "Cocaine Induced Necrotic Penile Ulcer." Journal of Addiction & Addictive Disorders 11, no. 5 (2024): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.24966/aad-7276/100180.

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Cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant that is highly addictive with a wide potential for abuse as a recreational drug. The use of cocaine in an estimated 3 million Texans and 560 million Americans, has led to a growing health care hazard with many detrimental effects.

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Bass, Bailey B., and Lacey J. Vann. "Clinical pharmacist intervention to ensure safe stimulant prescribing practices at a Veterans Affairs facility." Mental Health Clinician 14, no. 1 (2024): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2024.02.017.

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Abstract Introduction The Psychotropic Drug Safety Initiative (PDSI) is a national Veterans Affairs program that recommends obtaining cardiovascular vital signs semiannually and urine toxicology screening annually for veterans prescribed stimulants. The PDSI also recommends a risk review of concurrent central nervous system (CNS) depressants to ensure the benefits of coadministration with stimulants outweigh the risks. This project’s purpose was to evaluate the occurrence of coprescriptions for CNS depressants and stimulants and encourage compliance with the PDSI recommendations to increase sa

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Xu, Wennuo, Zhongquan Li, and Bing Liu. "Investigation of the pharmacological effects and analytical methods of Meclofenoxate and its metabolites." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 10, no. 1 (2024): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.10.1.399.2024.

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This article provides a review and outlook on the current status and development of AICAR in the fields of medicine and anti-doping.Meclofenoxate, as a central stimulant derived from phenoxyacetic acid ester, can enhance the activity of inhibited nervous system and modulate the metabolism of nerve cells. Its misuse among athletes places it on the international list of banned stimulants, posing a significant threat to the health of athletes and the integrity of sports. Hence, this paper summarizes the current research status on the pharmacological effects and analytical methods of meclofenoxate

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2 Versha Parcha, Sukanya Chetri and Shikha Saxena, Versha Parcha. "Evaluation of Central Nervous System Acting Effects of Citrus Peel Essential Oils Extracted Using Enzyme Technology on Rodent Models." Universities' Journal of Phytochemistry and Ayurvedic Heights 1, no. 30 (2021): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51129/ujpah-june2021-30-1(2).

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Abstract-There is growing evidence of measurable effects of essential oils in animal brains and so more clinical research is required to validate their influence on the human central nervous system. This will enable us to discover essential oil-based drugs for treatment of mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety etc. Several methods have been developed to obtain oil from oil-rich plant materials using aqueous enzymatic methods. By using enzymes to mediate the extraction, it is possible to maintain mild conditions and effect superior extraction. The enzymes such as cellulase, hemicellulase

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al-Damluji, S., and D. Francis. "Activation of central alpha 1-adrenoceptors in humans stimulates secretion of prolactin and TSH, as well as ACTH." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 264, no. 2 (1993): E208—E214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1993.264.2.e208.

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In normal male volunteers, intravenous infusions of the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist methoxamine stimulated the secretion of prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and the effects were abolished by pretreatment with the alpha 1-antagonist prazosin. To investigate the site of action of methoxamine, its effects were compared with those of equipotent doses of norepinephrine, an alpha 1-agonist that reaches the pituitary gland and the median eminence after an intravenous infusion but, unlike methoxamine, does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Norepinep

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Januarti, Ika Buana. "Stimulantia Effect Of Single Bulb Garlic Extract (Allium Sativum Var.Solo Garlic) in Swiss Webster Mice." Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 17, no. 2 (2020): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31001/jfi.v17i2.762.

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Stimulant is an agent that stimulates the central nervous system thereby increasing physical and mental abilities and minimizing fatigue. The use of synthetic caffeine stimulants of 10 mg / kg BW is known to have side effects of increasing total cholesterol and increasing LDL, therefore alternative stimulants from natural ingredients are needed. Natural materials that have been studied contain flavonoids and phenolic as a stimulant compound is a single garlic bulbs. The purpose of this study was to determine the stimulant effect of a single garlic bulbs ethanolic extract on mice from the diffe

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Khaerunnisa, Arini, Dhyneu Dwi Jayantie, Sutihat Sutihat, Nurul Hida, and Nani Suryani. "Stimulant Activity of White Pepper (Piperis albi Fructus) Ethanol Extract In Vivo." Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 21, no. 1 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v21i1.2411.

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Caffeine is a stimulant substances that can stimulate the central nervous system (CNS) increasing concentration, and reducing drowsiness. The use of caffeine generally comes from coffee plants which can increase gastrin secretion. Long-term use of caffeine can cause side effects such as feelings of anxiety, irritability, insomnia and faster heart rate. An alternative stimulant that has limited side effects is needed. White pepper (Piperis albi fructus) is potential as stimulant. The extract of White pepper contained piperine compound. Piperine can potentially be a stimulant because it can stim

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Suri, Nurma, Zulpakor Oktoba, and Mega Intan Yulianti. "POTENSI TANAMAN HERBAL SEBAGAI STIMULAN SISTEM SARAF PUSAT: LITERATURE REVIEW ARTICLE." Jurnal Buana Farma 4, no. 4 (2024): 435–48. https://doi.org/10.36805/jbf.v4i4.960.

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Energy drinks are consumed as supplement to increase energy and reduce fatigue. Herbal medicine has proven reduce fatigue in the body. This literature review aims to determine the types of herbal medicine that have properties as stimulants. This study used descriptive methode using the Population-Intervention-Controling-Outcome Framework. A literature search on studies published in the period 2012-2022 on the Google Scholar and Pub-Med using the keywords: stimulant, central nervous system, tonic, and herbal. Articles that cannot be accessed in full and herbal medicine that are not original fro

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Munir, Sayf, and Philipp Narciso. "Does central nervous system stimulant therapy improve symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults?" Evidence-Based Practice 17, no. 5 (2014): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ebp.0000540644.53331.16.

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Rapoport, J. L., and G. Inoff-Germain. "Responses to methylphenidate in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and normal children: Update 2002." Journal of Attention Disorders 6, no. 1_suppl (2002): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370200601s07.

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Since the positive effects of stimulants on disruptive behavior were described (Bradley a Bowen, 1941), further pediatric study has been limited almost exclusively to samples of hyperkinetic school-age children. Because these agents normally were viewed as arousing in their effects on the central nervous system, but were calming in their therapeutic effects on these children, stimulant effects on Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) were interpreted as being “paradoxical.” Investigation of effects in normal children and adolescents and in those with disorders unrelated to Attention-Deficit/Hyperac

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P Gentile, Julie. "Adult ADHD: A Brief Review." Journal of Quality in Health Care & Economics 5, no. 3 (2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jqhe-16000273.

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In the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the psychiatrist may consider both stimulants and non-stimulant medications; in addition, there are some over the counter substances and adjunct medications that may be helpful in mitigation or resolution of symptoms. Behavioral, environmental and psychosocial approaches should be instituted in association with pharmacology and extra caution and conservatism should be used in patients under the age of 18 years and those diagnosed with Substance Use Disorders or Bipolar Disorder. When making clinical decisions, it is important

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Jones, Gareth. "Caffeine and other sympathomimetic stimulants: modes of action and effects on sports performance." Essays in Biochemistry 44 (February 1, 2008): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0440109.

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Stimulants, illegal and legal, continue to be used in competitive sport. The evidence for the ergogenic properties of the most potent stimulants, amphetamines, cocaine and ephedrine, is mostly insubstantial. Low doses of amphetamines may aid performance where effects of fatigue adversely affect higher psychomotor activity. Pseudoephedrine, at high doses, has been suggested to improve high intensity and endurance exercise but phenylpropanolamine has not been proven to be ergogenic. Only caffeine has substantial experimental backing for being ergogenic in exercise. The mode of action of these st

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Sadeghian, Hamid. "Lacunar Stroke Associated with Methylphenidate Abuse." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 31, no. 1 (2004): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100002924.

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Background:Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy and like other psychostimulants has a potential for abuse.Case study:A young man with a cerebral lacunar infarction following chronic oral abuse of methylphenidate is presented.Conclusion:The experience of our patient and a review of the literature suggest that cerebral infarction is a potential side effect of chronic consumption of methylphenidate.

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Gilles, Macaigne. "Amphetamine use Associated with Acute Pancreatitis." Gastroenterology Pancreatology and Hepatobilary Disorders 4, no. 1 (2020): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2641-5194/013.

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The MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine) is a synthetic psychotropic molecule of the amphetamine class. It is a stimulant of the central nervous system which possesses particular psychotropic characteristics, of a powerful serotoninergic which provides it in high doses or in case of regular use a neurotoxic power [1]. The MDMA is a consumable drug in the form of crystals or pills, more commonly known under the name of ecstasy.

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Chavez, Benjamin, Michael A. Sopko, Megan J. Ehret, et al. "An Update on Central Nervous System Stimulant Formulations in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 43, no. 6 (2009): 1084–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1l523.

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Nagai, Shin-Icbi, Taisei Ueda, Satoe Sugiura, et al. "Synthesis and central nervous system stimulant activity of 5,8-methanoquinazolines fused with 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazoleand 1,2,4-triazine." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 35, no. 2 (1998): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570350211.

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Ramanjaneyulu, D.V., Sharlet E. Sony, E. Muralinath, et al. "The Impact of Drugs on Muscle Tone: A Comprehensive Analysis." Research and Reviews: Journal of Dermatology Nursing 1, no. 2 (2024): 17–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12804845.

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<em>Muscle tone is responsible for maintaining picture, stability and movement. Muscular relaxants including baclofen, diazepam, and cyclobenzaprime are frequently used to treat muscular spasms and stiffness. These drugs work b</em><em>y</em><em> targeting the central nervous system, especially the Spinal cord and brain, to decrease muscle activity and promote relaxation. Drugs like amphetamine, caffeine and cocaine exhibit their stimulant effects on the body. Stimulants can enhance muscle tone bt stimulating the release of neurotransmitters such as Dopamine and nor epinephrine, which activate

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Gahona, Christian C. Toquica, Ashwin Kodagnur Bharadwaj, Monarch Shah, Umesh Bhagat, Paul Sterman, and William Vasquez. "Treatment of Lethal Caffeine Overdose with Haemodialysis: A Case Report and Review." Journal of Critical Care Medicine 8, no. 4 (2022): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jccm-2022-0019.

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Abstract Caffeine, chemically 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, is the most widely consumed central nervous system stimulant in the world with pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal systems. The advent of over the counter (OTC) caffeine formulations has opened the window for potential toxicity, either by inadvertent or intentional overdosing. We present the case of a patient who attempted suicide by caffeine overdose treated with emergent haemodialysis and a review of the literature.

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Della-Fera, M. A., C. A. Baile, B. D. Coleman, J. L. Miner, and J. A. Paterson. "Central nervous system injection of dynorphin-(1-13) overrides gastric satiety factors in sheep." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 258, no. 4 (1990): R946—R950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.4.r946.

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Signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, arising during ingestion and digestion of food, are important in the termination of feeding. This study was carried out to determine whether the satiety triggered by specific GI stimuli in sheep could be reversed by central nervous system (CNS) administration of dynorphin, a putative endogenous kappa-opiate receptor ligand, which has been shown to be a potent feed-intake stimulant in many species. Rumen distension and increased intraruminal concentration of propionic acid (an energy substrate produced during fermentation in the rumen) both signific

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Sull, Thomas J., Gregory A. Chass, Andras Varro, and Julius Gy Papp. "A comparative conformational analysis of selected central nervous system stimulants." Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM 623, no. 1-3 (2003): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-1280(02)00661-9.

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Pleuvry, Barbara J. "Central nervous system stimulants: basic pharmacology and relevance to anaesthesia." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 10, no. 7 (2009): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2009.03.008.

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Clarke, Adam R., Robert J. Barry, Iris E. Baker, Rory McCarthy, and Mark Selikowitz. "An Investigation of Stimulant Effects on the EEG of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 48, no. 4 (2016): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059416664657.

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Stimulant medications are the most commonly prescribed treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). These medications result in a normalization of the EEG. However, past research has found that complete normalization of the EEG is not always achieved. One reason for this may be that studies have used different medications interchangeably, or groups of subjects on different stimulants. This study investigated whether methylphenidate and dexamphetamine produce different levels of normalization of the EEG in children with AD/HD. Three groups of 20 boys participated in this stud

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Hamoy, Akira Otake, Suzane Maia da Fonseca, Giovanna Lourenço Cei, et al. "Behavioral, electrocorticographic and electrocardiologic changes in Colossoma macropomum (Tambaqui) in the effect of cunaniol." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (2023): e0287681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287681.

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The Clibadium spp. is a shrub of occurrence in the Amazon, popularly known as Cunambi. The compounds in the leaves demonstrate ichthyotoxic properties, and its major substance, cunaniol, is a powerful central nervous system stimulant with proconvulsant activity. Few current studies relate behavioral changes to the electrophysiological profile of fish poisoning. This study aimed to describe the behavioral, electromyographic, electroencephalographic, electrocardiographic, and seizure control characteristics of anticonvulsant drugs in Colossoma macropomum submitted to cunaniol intoxication during

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Nagai, Shin-Ichi, Taisei Ueda, Masatoshi Takamura, Akito Nagatsu, Nobutoshi Murakami, and Jinsaku Sakakibara. "Synthesis and central nervous system stimulant activity of camphor-1,2,4-benzotriazines fused with five and six-membered heterocycles." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 35, no. 2 (1998): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570350205.

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Nagai, Sbin-Ichi, Taisei Ueda, Akito Nagatsu, et al. "Synthesis and central nervous system stimulant activity of 5,8-methanoquinazolines fused with imidazole, thiadiazole, pyrimidine and 1,3,5-triazine." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 35, no. 2 (1998): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570350212.

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Patel, Dr Nirav, Dr Megh Shah, and Dr Yash Patel. "A Case Series of Indian Red Scorpion Bite and Rare Clinical Presentation of Central Nervous System." BJKines National Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (2022): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.56018/bjkines20220616.

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Indian red scorpion (Hottentotta tamulus) is a very dangerous venomous animal found in Indian Territory; its venom contains various toxins which causes direct effect on the central nervous system (CNS). We report a case series of 12 patients who were bitten and had atypical clinical presentation affecting CNS. We evaluated 12 patients of Indian red scorpion sting by taking history, routine blood investigations, CT scan of brain, and CNS examination at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat. We observed that if patient takes longer time after sting to visit hospital, there are more chances of deve

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