Academic literature on the topic 'Central obesity indices'

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Health of adult is the greatest challenge in the 21st century. People from rural as well as urban settings are now prone to more health risks which decreases the individual output, earning capacity, mental illness and quality of life due to overweight and obesity. Koraput is the southern district of Odisha comes under KBK region which is always a focal point for development and healthcare issues. <strong>Objectives: </strong>The main objectives of the study were to quantify obesity among the adults of Koraput and to correlate the age with height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, Body Mass Index, Rohrer Index, waist-hip ratio, and Conicity index. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in three different villages of Koraput district. Both adult males and females (18 years and above) were selected randomly. Revised Body Mass Index (BMI) cut off values for Asian Indians, waist-hip ratio, Rohrer Index, and Conicity Index were taken into consideration for quantifying obesity. Proper measurements like height, body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference with standardised instruments were also taken with minimum clothing. <strong>Results: </strong>According to BMI and Rohrer Index, males are more obese (21.73% and 42.03%) than females (11.39%, and 37.98%). But concerning the central obesity indices like waist-hip ratio, and Conicity Index, the prevalence of obesity is higher in females (46.84%, and 98.10%) than males (20.29%, and 86.96%). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Females are dominatingly obese than males as per central obesity indices. Larger family size, hand to mouth economy striving for more work burden leading to unbalanced and improper dietary pattern is being the root cause of obesity. Challenging socioeconomic factors as well as transforming life style has raised obesity among the adults of Koraput district.&nbsp;

Background: To assess the associations of platelet traits and obesity indices with aging biomarkers (telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN)). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 5091 rural Chinese adults. Obesity indices (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) and platelet traits (plateletcrit (PCT), platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR), mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW)) were collected by physical examination. The aging biomarkers were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Generalized linear regression models and mediation analysis were applied to explore the relationships between platelet traits, obesity indices, and aging biomarkers. Results: The mean age of the participants was 56 years (range: 18–79). Each one-unit increment in WC, WHR and WHtR were related to a 0.316 (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.437, −0.196), 0.323 (95% CI: −0.513, −0.134) and 0.277 (95% CI: −0.400, −0.153) decrease in relative TL; or a 0.102 (95% CI: −0.197, −0.007), 0.109 (95% CI: −0.258, −0.041) and 0.101 (95% CI: −0.199, −0.004) decrease in relative mtDNA-CN. The proportions of obesity indices with aging biomarkers mediated by platelet indices ranged from 2.85% to 10.10%. Conclusions: Increased central obesity indices in relation to shortened relative TL or decreased mtDNA-CN were mediated by platelet traits, indicating that obesity in association with the accelerated aging process may be partially attributable to abnormal platelet activity.

Co-existence of iron deficiency and obesity in adults has been reported in many countries. However, little is known on the association between obesity and iron deficiency in Qatar. This study aimed to investigate the link between abdominal obesity indices and iron status among adults in Qatar. A random sample of 1000 healthy Qatari adults, aged 20–50 years, was obtained from Qatar Biobank study. Body weight, waist circumference, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) parameters and iron status indicators were measured using standard techniques. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations. The prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia were 35.4 and 25%, respectively. Of the participants with a large waist circumference, 31.7% had anaemia. Ferritin significantly increased with the increase in the android fat to gynoid fat ratio and visceral fat in both genders. Serum iron and transferring saturation decreased significantly with the increase in waist circumference in women. In both genders, C-reactive protein increased with the increase in all obesity indices. Standardized values of waist circumference, android fat, gynoid fat ratio and visceral fat were significantly associated with log transformed ferritin in men and women. Waist circumference was inversely related to serum iron (β:-0.95, 95% CI:-1.50,-0.39) and transferrin saturation (β:-1.45, 95%CI:-2.46, -0.43) in women. In men, waist circumference was positively associated with haemoglobin level (β: 0.16, 95% CI:0.04, 0.29). Central obesity coexists with anaemia among the study population. Elevated central obesity indices were associated with an increase in ferritin concentration. The increased ferritin concentration may be attributed to the increase in inflammatory status as a result of an increase in c-reactive protein concentration associated with central obesity.

Abstract. Backgrounds: Central obesity, as a pivotal component of metabolic syndrome is associated with numerous co-morbidities. Dietary factors influence central obesity by increased inflammatory status. However, recent studies didn’t evaluate the association between central obesity and dietary inflammation index (DII®) that give score to dietary factors according to their inflammatory potential. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the studies that investigated the association between DII® with central obesity indices in the general populations. Methods: In a systematic search from PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences and Cochrane electronic databases, we collected relevant studies written in English and published until 30 October 2019. The population of included studies were apparently healthy subjects or individuals with obesity or obesity-related diseases. Observational studies that evaluated the association between DII® and indices of central obesity including WC or WHR were included. Results: Totally thirty-two studies were included; thirty studies were cross-sectional and two were cohort studies with 103071 participants. Meta-analysis of observational studies showed that higher DII® scores were associated with 1.81 cm increase in WC (Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.813; CI: 0.785–2.841; p = 0.001). Also, a non-significant increase in the odds of having higher WC (OR = 1.162; CI: 0.95–1.43; p = 0.154) in the highest DII category was also observed. In subgroup analysis, the continent, dietary assessment tool and gender were the heterogeneity sources. Conclusion: The findings proposed that adherence to diets with high DII® scores was associated with increased WC. Further studies with interventional designs are necessary to elucidate the causality inference between DII® and central obesity indices.

Background: Childhood obesity is a serious problem worldwide. Body mass index (BMI) has been the widely used tool to detect obesity. Central adiposity detected by waist indices is a better predictor of obesity related complications like metabolic syndrome. Objective of this study was to analyze the correlation of waist indices with BMI as indicators of overweight (OW)/obesity in school going children.Methods: This study was done in 880 adolescents from two schools in Kerala. Anthropometric measurements including waist circumference (WC) were taken according to guidelines and BMI, waist hip ratio (WHR), waist height ratio (WHtR) calculated. We categorized children as normal, OW/obese according to BMI charts by centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). A cutoff 70th centile in WC charts by Khadilkar et al, WHR of more than 0.85 in girls and 0.9 in boys, WHtR &gt;0.5 were taken as central obesity.Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI &gt;85th centile) was estimated to be 26.3%. Prevalence of central obesity was 12.3% when measured by WC, 22.8% measured by WHR, 14.8% measured by WHtR. All three waist indices showed statistically significant correlation with OW/obesity and BMI (p&lt;0.001). Multivariate regression showed association of OW/obesity with urban school, acanthosis nigricans, hypertension, WHtR (p&lt;0.001) and with WC (p=0.004).Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is alarmingly high in adolescent children. Waist height ratio was best correlated with Body mass index and overweight/obesity, followed by Waist circumference. We recommend waist height ratio as a screening tool to predict obesity in school going children.

Background: Evaluation anthropometric used as a clinical instrument for design and determine the health policy in community. This study aimed to investigate the anthropometric indices in medical university students in Ardabil.Methods: In this cross-sectional study height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured. BMI was used to assess the overweight and obesity and WHR was used for central obesity. Data analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS.19.Results: The mean age of students was 20.4±1.3 years. 28% of students were in age 20. According to BMI, 7% of all students had overweight and 1.5% had obesity. According to the WHR, 78 (39%) had central obesity (WHR &gt;0.8) which were in unhealthy high-risk group.Conclusions: Results showed that the rate of overweight and obesity in medical university girls in Ardabil was lower than many studies in country. So, programming for rising their knowledge about obesity related factors and increasing their physical activity and modify feeding behavior is essential in future.

Background and objectives: Hypertension is a leading cause of the global burden of disease. Obesity and weight gain are strong independent risk factors for hypertension. The prevalence of both hypertension and obesity is increasing rapidly. The present study was done to assess the relationship of anthropometric indices of adiposity and BP in people of urban community of Ahmedabad. Material and method: Data about BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR), waist height ratio (WHtR), and blood pressure in terms of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was obtained by cross sectional survey of 85 people aged 40- 79 years by simple random sampling. Results &amp; Discussion: The prevalence of hypertension was 58.82% and of obesity was 40% according to WHR but only 15.29% according to BMI. Obesity was more prevalent among hypertensives (48%) than non hypertensives (42.86%). Significant difference was seen among hypertensives and non hypertensives with regard to BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR (p&lt;0.05). These findings are comparable to the results of earlier studies by A. Ramchandran et al in 2002 (hypertension), R. Gupta et al in various studies in early 2000s (obesity) and P. R. Deshmukh et al in 2005(WHR better marker) Conclusion: Obesity and hypertension are both widely prevalent. WHR, marker of central obesity is a better determinant of raised blood pressure than BMI. Substantial reduction in blood pressure can, therefore, be obtained by decreasing central obesity.&nbsp;

Background&#x0D; Obesity is an important yet the most neglected public health problem that has assumed epidemic proportions even in developing countries. Many simple anthropometric indices, including the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) are being widely used as markers to reflect obesity. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the utility of neck circumference (NC) in identifying people with obesity. This new index of upper body adiposity is quite easy to determine, does not require much body exposure, and is believed to correlate with other obesity indices.&#x0D; Objectives&#x0D; This study was undertaken with the purpose to find out the relationship of neck circumference (NC) with other anthropometrical indices.&#x0D; Materials and Method&#x0D; This cross sectional study was carried out over a period of six months among 192 medical students. The participants were examined for various anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, and NC. BMI was calculated. The correlation between NC and other indices (BMI, weight WC) was assessed by calculating the Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and P &gt; 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.&#x0D; Results&#x0D; Neck circumference (NC) positively correlated with BMI, weight and WC. The correlation was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; Our study revealed a positive and significant correlation between neck circumference (NC)and other anthropometric indices like BMI, weight and waist circumference (WC) in young medical students, indicating an increase in BMI, weight and waist circumference (WC) with an increase in neck circumference (NC) or vice versa

This cross-sectional study evaluates the prevalence and extent to which high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with general obesity and central obesity among college students in Punta Arenas, Chile. Risk for OSA was assessed using the Berlin Questionnaire and trained research nurses measured anthropometric indices. Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) of 25–29.9 kg/m2 and general obesity was defined as BMI≥30 kg/m2. Central obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥90 centimeters (cm) for males and ≥80 cm for females. Multivariate logistic regression models were fit to obtain adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Prevalence of high risk for OSA, general obesity, and central obesity were 7.8%, 12.8%, and 42.7%, respectively. Students at high risk for OSA had greater odds of general obesity (OR 9.96; 95% CI: 4.42–22.45) and central obesity (OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.43–5.40). Findings support a strong positive association of high risk for OSA with obesity.

碩士<br>國防醫學院<br>公共衛生學研究所<br>87<br>This study describes the association of indices of obesity with lipid and lipoprotein profiles in 61,898 individuals including 28,323 men and 33,575 women, who attended a periodic health check-up program in a private health testing institute between 1995 and 1997. Using Pearson correlation coefficients and canonical correlation analyses, the relation between sets of obesity indices including body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (body fat %), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and lipid and lipoprotein profiles, as indicated by serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), was explored, stratifying for age (＜50 vs.≧50 years) and sex. The body fat percentage was found to be significantly correlated with TC, LDL-C, and TG, while BMI was strongly related to HDL-C in study subjects. In addition, the body fat percentage was the major factor contributing to the first canonical correlations between obesity indices and lipid and lipoprotein profiles in both men and women age less than 50 years (the first canonical correlation for men and women was 0.515 and 0.451, respectively). In contrast, BMI and WHR, respectively, were the main variables attributing to the first canonical correlations between obesity indices and lipid and lipoprotein profiles in men and women age 50 years and older (the first canonical correlation was 0.418 for men and was 0.33 for women). In addition, TG was all explained by obesity indices in four groups. Furthermore, 3,974 subjects (including 1,902 men and 2,072 women), aged 20 to 64 years in 1995 and attended health examination every year between 1995 and 1997 were included in the analysis of the association between changes of BMI and variations in lipid and lipoprotein profiles between 1995 and 1997. The results imply that the change percent of BMI and original lipid levels have a stronger association with change percent of lipid levels in both sexes. Weight changes has greater relation to lipid changes for men than for women.

People everywhere have attempted to change their bodies in an effort to meet their cultural standards of beauty, as well as their religious and/or social obligations. Often times, this modification or adornment of their bodies is part of the complex process of creating and re-creating personal and social identities. Body painting has probably been practiced since the Paleolithic as archaeological evidence indicates, and the earliest human evidence of tattooing goes back to the Neolithic with mummies found in Europe, Central Asia, the Andes and the Middle East. Adornments such as jewelry have been found in the earliest human graves and bodies unearthed from five thousand years ago show signs of intentional head shaping. It is clear that adorning and modifying the body is a central human practice. Over 200 entries address the major adornments and modifications, their historical and cross-cultural locations, and the major cultural groups and places in which body modification has been central to social and cultural practices. This encyclopedia also includes background information on the some of the central figures involved in creating and popularizing tattooing, piercing, and other body modifications in the modern world. Finally, the book addresses some of the major theoretical issues surrounding the temporary and permanent modification of the body, the laws and customs regarding the marking of the body, and the social movements that have influenced or embraced body modification, and those which have been affected by it. All cultures everywhere have attempted to change their body in an attempt to meet their cultural standards of beauty, as well as their religious and or social obligations. In addition, people modify and adorn their bodies as part of the complex process of creating and re-creating their personal and social identities. Body painting has probably been practiced since the Paleolithic as archaeological evidence indicates, and the earliest human evidence of tattooing goes back to the Neolithic with mummies found in Europe, Central Asia, the Andes and the Middle East. Adornments such as jewelry have been found in the earliest human graves and bodies unearthed from five thousand years ago show signs of intentional head shaping. It is clear that adorning and modifying the body is a central human practice. Over 200 entries address the major adornments and modifications, their historical and cross-cultural locations, and the major cultural groups and places in which body modification has been central to social and cultural practices. This encyclopedia also includes background information on the some of the central figures involved in creating and popularizing tattooing, piercing, and other body modifications in the modern world. Finally, the book addresses some of the major theoretical issues surrounding the temporary and permanent modification of the body, the laws and customs regarding the marking of the body, and the social movements that have influenced or embraced body modification, and those which have been affected by it. Entries include, acupuncture, amputation, Auschwitz, P.T. Barnum, the Bible, body dysmorphic disorder, body piercing, branding, breast augmentation and reduction, Betty Broadbent, castration, Christianity, cross dressers, Dances Sacred and Profane, Egypt, female genital mutilation, foot binding, freak shows, genetic engineering, The Great Omi, Greco-Roman world, henna, infibulation, legislation – regulation, lip plates, medical tattooing, Meso-America, military tattoos, National Tattoo Association, nose piercing, obesity, permanent makeup, primitivism, prison tattooing, punk, rites of passage, scalpelling, silicone injections, Stalking Cat, suspensions, tanning, tattoo reality shows, tattooing, Thailand, transgender, tribalism.

Anthropometric indices are vital in evaluating obesity, a key factor in developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This chapter reviews the effectiveness of measures like body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body shape index (ABSI) in predicting diabetes risks. This chapter emphasizes the importance of tailored thresholds for different populations by focusing on Saudi Arabia’s and global studies’ findings. Emerging tools, including waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), are explored alongside advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and 3D body imaging to enhance risk assessment and diabetes management. Anthropometric measures are indispensable for evaluating obesity, a key risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This chapter examines the predictive value of indices such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body shape index (ABSI). Leveraging findings from Saudi populations and global systematic reviews, it highlights population-specific thresholds and the role of central adiposity in disease progression. Emerging metrics like ABSI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are evaluated alongside traditional measures. The chapter also discusses integrating advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and 3D imaging, to enhance diabetes risk prediction.

The distribution of obesity in developed countries follows a social gradient. In developing countries, a similar pattern is emerging as national per capita income rises. The epidemiological evidence runs counter to the popular opinion that being overweight and obesity are matters solely of individual lifestyle choices or genetics. Both are important, but in themselves do not explain the social gradient in being overweight and obesity, to understand which, one needs to look at wider social influences. Evidence from studies including the Whitehall Study of British civil servants indicates that psychosocial factors, including stress, as well as material factors associated with position in the social hierarchy, contribute to the distribution of being overweight and obesity, particularly central adiposity, in the population.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 1 billion people are overweight and 600 million are obese, with metabolic syndrome (MS) affecting 35% of adults in the US and 20-25% in Europe. MS patients require appropriate therapy with comorbidity in mind, which requires further study and optimization. As part of the study, we conducted Holter ECG monitoring (HM) of patients with MS. MS was diagnosed on the basis of the MTP 3rd revision criteria. Additional criteria were AH, elevated triglyceride levels, decreased HDL cholesterol levels, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glycemia (EGS), and combined EGS/IGT disorders. MS was diagnosed based on 3 criteria: 1 main and 2 additional ones.Design. A total of 154 patients were examined in in-patient setting. They were subdivided into 2 main groups: Group I - patients with MS receiving β-blockers (n-97) to treat AH; Group II - patients with MS not receiving β-blockers (n-57).Each main group was divided according to the degree of obesity according to the WHO classification. Each patient underwent HM with programmed computer analysis of the wave spectrum of the obtained data and allocation of frequencies - 0.004-0.08 Hz (very low frequency - VLF); 0.09-0.16 Hz (low frequency - LF); 0.17-0.5 Hz (high frequency - HF) more than 0.5 Hz (ultra-low frequency waves - ULF); two coefficients are calculated - LF/HF (vagosympathetic balance coefficient) - ratio of low frequency waves power (LF) to high frequency waves power (HF), and centralization index (CI) - ratio of central regulation circuit activity to autonomic one (LF+VLF/HF).Results. Analysis found changes in HF, LF, and ULF domains of HRV spectrum, indicating transition to a more energy-intensive level of control and depletion of regulatory mechanisms. ULF(%) values above 6.9 require correction with β-blockers. The study found ULF% and VLF% values to be higher in the non-β-blocker group and administration of β-blockers resulted in normalization of indexes with the index of centralization and vagosympathetic balance. In patients receiving β-blockers, the values of these parameters corresponded to those of patients with normal body weight. In MS patients not receiving β-blockers, ULF% was 50% higher and VLF was 18% higher than in the normal weight group. The centralization index was elevated to 3.5. Administration of drugs to 17 patients in group II resulted in normalization of the indexes and achievement of the same values as in group I patients. At the dynamic follow-up for 2 years, Group I patients had no cardiovascular events. The 40 patients who refused to change therapy had no change in HM values and 27% of these patients had acute cardiovascular events at 2 years.Conclusion:Daily ECG monitoring with assessment of ULF%, VLF% and IC indices is a more subtle method of investigation, which allows to detect latent disorders of regulatory mechanisms (with seeming clinical well-being) in patients with disorders of these indices the risk of acute cardiovascular events development remains high. The control of ULF%, VLF% and IC index by HM-ECG method allows to change the therapy in time and to obtain a better result.