Relevant bibliographies by topics / Central pattern generator

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Central pattern generator'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 December 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Central pattern generator.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Central pattern generator"

1

Dietz, V. "Central pattern generator." Spinal Cord 33, no. 12 (December 1995): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sc.1995.156.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Selverston, Allen I. "Invertebrate central pattern generator circuits." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1551 (August 12, 2010): 2329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0270.

Full text
Abstract:
There are now a reasonable number of invertebrate central pattern generator (CPG) circuits described in sufficient detail that a mechanistic explanation of how they work is possible. These small circuits represent the best-understood neural circuits with which to investigate how cell-to-cell synaptic connections and individual channel conductances combine to generate rhythmic and patterned output. In this review, some of the main lessons that have appeared from this analysis are discussed and concrete examples of circuits ranging from single phase to multiple phase patterns are described. While it is clear that the cellular components of any CPG are basically the same, the topology of the circuits have evolved independently to meet the particular motor requirements of each individual organism and only a few general principles of circuit operation have emerged. The principal usefulness of small systems in relation to the brain is to demonstrate in detail how cellular infrastructure can be used to generate rhythmicity and form specialized patterns in a way that may suggest how similar processes might occur in more complex systems. But some of the problems and challenges associated with applying data from invertebrate preparations to the brain are also discussed. Finally, I discuss why it is useful to have well-defined circuits with which to examine various computational models that can be validated experimentally and possibly applied to brain circuits when the details of such circuits become available.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Schöneich, Stefan, and Berthold Hedwig. "Feedforward discharges couple the singing central pattern generator and ventilation central pattern generator in the cricket abdominal central nervous system." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 205, no. 6 (November 5, 2019): 881–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-019-01377-7.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract We investigated the central nervous coordination between singing motor activity and abdominal ventilatory pumping in crickets. Fictive singing, with sensory feedback removed, was elicited by eserine-microinjection into the brain, and the motor activity underlying singing and abdominal ventilation was recorded with extracellular electrodes. During singing, expiratory abdominal muscle activity is tightly phase coupled to the chirping pattern. Occasional temporary desynchronization of the two motor patterns indicate discrete central pattern generator (CPG) networks that can operate independently. Intracellular recordings revealed a sub-threshold depolarization in phase with the ventilatory cycle in a singing-CPG interneuron, and in a ventilation-CPG interneuron an excitatory input in phase with each syllable of the chirps. Inhibitory synaptic inputs coupled to the syllables of the singing motor pattern were present in another ventilatory interneuron, which is not part of the ventilation-CPG. Our recordings suggest that the two centrally generated motor patterns are coordinated by reciprocal feedforward discharges from the singing-CPG to the ventilation-CPG and vice versa. Consequently, expiratory contraction of the abdomen usually occurs in phase with the chirps and ventilation accelerates during singing due to entrainment by the faster chirp cycle.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Romaniuk, Jaroslaw. "Central pattern generator and control of breathing." Lekarz Wojskowy 101, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53301/lw/156877.

Full text
Abstract:
Opublikowany 50 lat temu model nerwowej regulacji oddychania Clarka i Eulera był inspiracją dla nowego podejścia do badań ośrodkowego generatora głębokości i rytmu oddychania. Dzięki tym badaniom nasza wiedza dotycząca zarówno anatomicznej lokalizacji, jak i charakterystyki działania generatorów wzorca oddechowego uległa dużej zmianie. W prezentowanym artykule przedstawiono historię badań oddechowego generatora wzorca (CPG), a w szczególności wykazano, jak badania poszczególnych parametrów oddechowych stymulowały rozwój nowych hipotez i teoretycznych modeli ich kontroli ośrodkowej. Dzięki porównaniu badań generatorów ruchów cyklicznych oddychania i lokomocji można zobaczyć ich wzajemny wpływ na rozwój zastosowań klinicznych, szczególnie w przypadkach uszkodzeń rdzenia kręgowego. To właśnie w warunkach całkowitego lub częściowego porażenia wzrasta znaczenie technik wspomagania pracy mięśni. Dlatego też w pracy wymieniono różne techniki wspomagania ruchu i oddychania oraz omówiono ich wzajemne współdziałanie. Przedyskutowano możliwości uaktywnienia rdzeniowej sieci neuronalnej metodami farmakologicznymi lub przy pomocy elektrycznej stymulacji. Badania prowadzone przy zastosowaniu servo-respiratorów sterowanych biologicznie umożliwiły lepsze poznanie CPG oddychania oraz granice użyteczności wentylacji wspomaganej w warunkach klinicznych. W artykule omówiono możliwość zastosowania plastyczności zależnej od aktywności w rehabilitacji pracy mięśni ruchowych i oddechowych po uszkodzeniach rdzenia kręgowego.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Moradi, Karim, Mohsen Fathian, and Saeed Shiry Ghidary. "Omnidirectional walking using central pattern generator." International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics 7, no. 6 (October 25, 2014): 1023–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13042-014-0307-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Zhang, Jiaqi, Xiaolei Han, and Xueying Han. "Walking quality guaranteed central pattern generator control method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 3 (May 8, 2013): 569–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213488854.

Full text
Abstract:
Creating effective locomotion for a legged robot is a challenging task. Central pattern generators have been widely used to control robot locomotion. However, one significant disadvantage of the central pattern generator method is its inability to design high-quality walks because it only produces sine or quasi-sine signals for motor control as compared to most cases in which the expected control signals are more advanced. Control accuracy is therefore diminished when traditional methods are replaced by central pattern generators resulting in unaesthetically pleasing walking robots. In this paper, we present a set of solutions, based on testings of Sony’s four-legged robotic dog (AIBO), which produces the same walking quality as traditional methods. First, we designed a method based on both evolution and learning to optimize the walking gait. Second, a central pattern generator model was put forth to enabled AIBO to learn from arbitrary periodic inputs, which resulted in the replication of the optimized gait to ensure high-quality walking. Lastly, an accelerator sensor feedback was introduced so that AIBO could detect uphill and downhill terrains and change its gait according to the surrounding environment. Simulations were performed to verify this method.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

SASAGAWA, Naruki, Kentaro TANI, Takashi IMAMURA, and Yoshinobu MAEDA. "Quadruped Locomotion Patterns Generated by Desymmetrization of Symmetric Central Pattern Generator Hardware Network." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E101.A, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1658–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e101.a.1658.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Golowasch, Jorge. "Neuromodulation of central pattern generators and its role in the functional recovery of central pattern generator activity." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 300–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00784.2018.

Full text
Abstract:
Neuromodulators play an important role in how the nervous system organizes activity that results in behavior. Disruption of the normal patterns of neuromodulatory release or production is known to be related to the onset of severe pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease, Rett syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, and affective disorders. Some of these pathologies involve neuronal structures that are called central pattern generators (CPGs), which are involved in the production of rhythmic activities throughout the nervous system. Here I discuss the interplay between CPGs and neuromodulatory activity, with particular emphasis on the potential role of neuromodulators in the recovery of disrupted neuronal activity. I refer to invertebrate and vertebrate model systems and some of the lessons we have learned from research on these systems and propose a few avenues for future research. I make one suggestion that may guide future research in the field: neuromodulators restrict the parameter landscape in which CPG components operate, and the removal of neuromodulators may enable a perturbed CPG in finding a new set of parameter values that can allow it to regain normal function.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

White, Olivier, Yannick Bleyenheuft, Renaud Ronsse, Allan M. Smith, Jean-Louis Thonnard, and Philippe Lefèvre. "Altered Gravity Highlights Central Pattern Generator Mechanisms." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 5 (November 2008): 2819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90436.2008.

Full text
Abstract:
In many nonprimate species, rhythmic patterns of activity such as locomotion or respiration are generated by neural networks at the spinal level. These neural networks are called central pattern generators (CPGs). Under normal gravitational conditions, the energy efficiency and the robustness of human rhythmic movements are due to the ability of CPGs to drive the system at a pace close to its resonant frequency. This property can be compared with oscillators running at resonant frequency, for which the energy is optimally exchanged with the environment. However, the ability of the CPG to adapt the frequency of rhythmic movements to new gravitational conditions has never been studied. We show here that the frequency of a rhythmic movement of the upper limb is systematically influenced by the different gravitational conditions created in parabolic flight. The period of the arm movement is shortened with increasing gravity levels. In weightlessness, however, the period is more dependent on instructions given to the participants, suggesting a decreased influence of resonant frequency. Our results are in agreement with a computational model of a CPG coupled to a simple pendulum under the control of gravity. We demonstrate that the innate modulation of rhythmic movements by CPGs is highly flexible across gravitational contexts. This further supports the involvement of CPG mechanisms in the achievement of efficient rhythmic arm movements. Our contribution is of major interest for the study of human rhythmic activities, both in a normal Earth environment and during microgravity conditions in space.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Bellingham, Mark C. "DRIVING RESPIRATION: THE RESPIRATORY CENTRAL PATTERN GENERATOR." Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 25, no. 10 (October 1998): 847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02166.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Central pattern generator"

1

LODI, MATTEO. "Analisi e sintesi di Central Pattern Generator." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/944845.

Full text
Abstract:
Negli esseri viventi, un Central Pattern Generator (CPG) è una rete di neuroni relativamente piccola, in grado di produrre pattern ritmici anche in assenza di feedback sensoriali o di segnali provenienti dal sistema nervoso centrale. Queste reti hanno un ruolo fondamentale nella regolazione di molte attività ritmiche, come per esempio la nuotata, la respirazione, la masticazione e la locomozione. Lo studio di queste reti è di interesse per diverse discipline, non solo per la loro valenza biologica, ma anche per le loro possibili applicazioni alla riabilitazione e al controllo di robot biologicamente ispirati. In questa tesi sono proposti alcuni strumenti per l'analisi, la riduzione, la sintesi e l'emulazione circuitale di tali reti neuronali. In particolare, i tool proposti sono stati applicati ad un caso di studio in cui ci si è concentrati sul CPG responsabile della locomozione dei topi.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Straub, Volko A. "In vitro study of a central pattern generator." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285209.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Atoofi, Payam, Fred H. Hamker, and John Nassour. "Learning of Central Pattern Generator Coordination in Robot Drawing." Frontiers Media S.A, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31530.

Full text
Abstract:
How do robots learn to perform motor tasks in a specific condition and apply what they have learned in a new condition? This paper proposes a framework for motor coordination acquisition of a robot drawing straight lines within a part of the workspace. Then, it addresses transferring the acquired coordination into another area of the workspace while performing the same task. Motor patterns are generated by a Central Pattern Generator (CPG) model. The motor coordination for a given task is acquired by using a multi-objective optimization method that adjusts the CPGs' parameters involved in the coordination. To transfer the acquired motor coordination to the whole workspace we employed (1) a Self-Organizing Map that represents the end-effector coordination in the Cartesian space, and (2) an estimation method based on Inverse Distance Weighting that estimates the motor program parameters for each SOM neuron. After learning, the robot generalizes the acquired motor program along the SOM network. It is able therefore to draw lines from any point in the 2D workspace and with different orientations. Aside from the obvious distinctiveness of the proposed framework from those based on inverse kinematics typically leading to a point-to-point drawing, our approach also permits of transferring the motor program throughout the workspace.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Brooks, Matthew Bryan. "Multistability in bursting patterns in a model of a multifunctional central pattern generator." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/73/.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia State University, 2009.
Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 20, 2010) Andrey Shilnikov, Robert Clewley, Gennady Cymbalyuk, committee co-chairs; Igor Belykh, Vladimir Bondarenko, Mukesh Dhamala, Michael Stewart, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-67).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Plavac, Nick. "Analysis of the central pattern generator for peristalsis in a caterpillar." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

Find full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Hellgren, Kotaleski Jeanette. "Modeling of bursting mechanisms and coordination in a spinal central pattern generator /." Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 1998. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs98/hell0616.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Vavoulis, Dimitris V. "Computational modelling of the feeding central pattern generator in the pond snail, lymnaea stagnalis." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444346.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Ockert, Waldemar. "The modulation of locomotor central pattern generators by octopamine and Tyramine indrosophila larvae." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-modulation-of-locomotorcentral-pattern-generators-byoctopamine-and-tyramine-indrosophila-larvae(b2d5df6c-23ca-4bdd-9f52-14cf8423c979).html.

Full text
Abstract:
Movement is controlled by neuronal central pattern generator (CPG) networks that are segmentally organised in organisms across the animal kingdom. The precise role of neuromodulators in the function, development and, particularly, the maintenance of these circuits is currently unresolved. This study investigates the effects of chronically altered signalling of tyramine and/or octopamine, two well established neuromodulators, in Drosophila larval locomotion. It shows that tyramine reduces crawling speed in larvae, whereas octopamine increases speed up to a physiological maximum. Changes in crawling speed are mediated by modulating stride duration, whilst stride length remains constant. These two neuromodulators also affect segmental muscle contraction and relaxation rates, indicative that the effects on crawling speed are likely to be at least partially due to modulatory effects on muscle physiology. Muscle recordings from muscle M6 in two adjacent segments, during fictive forward locomotion show that stride duration is influenced by a variable time delay between segmental CPG outputs. Frequency and duration of individual segmental outputs, by contrast, remains constant. The behavioural and electrophysiological data suggest, therefore, that the segmental locomotor CPG outputs remain constant in response to chronically altered neuromodulatory signalling. This study also identified a close spatial proximity of motor neuronal dendritic branches and putatively octopaminergic and/or tyraminergic synaptic terminal varicosities in the ventral nerve cord (VNC) neuropil. Moreover, manipulation of a putatively octopaminergic and/or tyraminergic subpopulation of interneurons, located in anterior brain regions, is sufficient to induce a similar, albeit smaller, larval crawling deficit. This indicates that the effects of locomotion may be induced in the central nervous system. This is confirmed in identified motor neurons as chronic changes in octopaminergic and/or tyraminergic signalling increase the frequency of bursting of action potential firing. In addition, the synaptic current amplitudes are substantially reduced in both ventral and dorsal muscle- innervating motor neurons, indicative of an effect to presynaptic excitation. In contrast, the function of neuromuscular junction remains largely unchanged. Taken together, this data shows that neuromodulation is sufficient to alter the output of a relatively small group of neurons, that comprise the locomotor CPG. The site of action of these modulators is, however, likely to be diverse.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Zhao, Le. "Adaptive neurocomputation with spiking semiconductor neurons." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675688.

Full text
Abstract:
In this thesis, we study the neurocomputation by implementing two different neuron models. One is a semi magnetic micro p-n wire that emulates nerve fibres and supports the electrical propagation and regeneration. The other is a silicon neuron based on Hodgkin-Huxley conductance model that can generate spatiotemporal spiking patterns. The former model focuses on the spatial propagation of electrical pulses along a transmission line and presents the thesis that action potentials may be represented by solitary waves. The later model focuses on the dynamical properties such as how the output patterns of the active networks adapt to external stimulus. To demonstrate the dynamical properties of spiking networks, we present a central pattern generator (CPG) network with winnerless competition architecture. The CPG consists of three silicon neurons which are connected via reciprocally inhibitory synapses. The network of three neurons was stimulated with current steps possessing different time delays and that the voltage oscillations of the three neurons were recorded as a function of the strengths of inhibitory synaptic interconnections and internal parameters of neurons, such as voltage thresholds, time delays, etc. The architecture of the network is robust and sensitively depends on the stimulus. Stimulus dependent rhythms can be generated by the CPG network. The stimulus-dependent sequential switching between collective modes of oscillations in the network can explain the fundamental contradiction between sensitivity and robustness to external stimulus and the mechanism of pattern memorization. We successfully apply the CPG in modulating the heart rate of animal models (rats). The CPG was stimulated with respiratory signals and generated tri-phasic patterns corresponding to the respiratory cycles. The tri-phasic stimulus from the CPG was used to synchronize the heart rate with respiration. In this way, we artificially induce the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), which refers to the heart rate fluctuation in synchrony with respiration. RSA is lost in heart failure. Our CPG paves to way to novel medical devices that can provide a therapy for heart failure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Venugopal, Sharmila. "Role of inhibition and hyperpolarization-activated membrane properties in a lick/gape central pattern generator." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1218566830.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Central pattern generator"

1

Dawson, Jeffery Wayne. A neurophysiological description of the central pattern generator underlying sound production in two species of tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Cinquegrani, Alessandro, Francesca Pangallo, and Federico Rigamonti. Romance e Shoah Pratiche di narrazione sulla tragedia indicibile. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-492-9.

Full text
Abstract:
Over the last 70 years, Holocaust representations increased significantly as cultural objects distributed on a large scale: fictional books, museum sites, artworks, documentaries, and films are only a few samples of those echoes the Holocaust produced in contemporary Western culture. There are some specific patterns in the way the Holocaust has been represented that, however, contrast with the survivors’ account of the same event: for example, the dichotomy between bad and good characters so essential within Holocaust-based media – especially on television and film - does not really match with the testimony’s experience. While storytelling strategies may help to involve the public by emotionally engaging with the story, the risks of altering the real meaning of the Holocaust are quite high: what we often label as a “story” is actually been an outrageous, documented mass-genocide. Furthermore, as the age gap between the present and the past generation progresses, also the collective awareness of Nazi crimes as a real fact gets compromised. This volume explores selected Holocaust narrations by contextualizing the historical, literary, and social influences those texts had in their unique points of view. Starting with some recent examples of Holocaust exploitation through social media, the first chapter explores the paradigm shift when the Holocaust became a cultural, fictional trend rather than a historical massacre. In the second chapter, the analysis examines postmodern representations of Holocaust and Nazi semantics through relevant examples taken from both American and European literature. The third chapter analyses Europe Central by William T. Vollman, as all the narratological and cultural issues considered in the previous two chapters are well outlined in this articulated novel, where the relationship between reality and its representation after the postmodernist period is largely investigated. In chapter four, an account is given of the connections and differences between the narratological category romance, as understood by Northrop Frye, and Holocaust narration features. In chapter five, those elements are used to consider the work of Italian Holocaust survivor and Jewish writer Primo Levi, as his narration around Auschwitz adopts some fictional tools and still refuses undemanding storytelling mechanisms. The sixth and final chapter examines the relevant novel Les Benviellants by Jonathan Littell, considering its Nazi genocide account through the antagonist’s perspective.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Facciponte, Giovanni. Characterization of a novel central pattern generator in Locusta and modulation of its motor targets. 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Heuer, Herbert. Generation and Modulation of Action Patterns. Springer, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Junna, Mithri R., Bernardo J. Selim, and Timothy I. Morgenthaler. Central sleep apnea and hypoventilation syndromes. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0018.

Full text
Abstract:
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) may occur in a variety of ways. While obstructive sleep apnea is the most common of these, this chapter reviews the most common types of SDB that occur independently of upper airway obstruction. In many cases, there is concurrent upper airway obstruction and neurological respiratory dysregulation. Thus, along with attempts to correct the underlying etiologies (when present), stabilization of the upper airway is most often combined with flow generators (noninvasive positive pressure ventilation devices) that modulate the inadequate ventilatory pattern. Among these devices, when continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) alone does not allow correction of SDB, adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) is increasingly used for non-hypercapnic types of central sleep apnea (CSA), while bilevel PAP in spontaneous-timed mode (BPAP-ST) is more often reserved for hypercapnic CSA/alveolar hypoventilation syndromes. Coordination of care among neurologists, cardiologists, and sleep specialists will often benefit such patients.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bhopal, Raj S. What is epidemiology? The nature, scope, variables, principal measures, and designs of a biological, clinical, social, and ecological science. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739685.003.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
Populations, as with individuals, have unique patterns of disease. The science of epidemiology, which straddles biology, clinical medicine, social sciences, and ecology, seeks to describe, understand, and utilize these patterns to improve population health. Epidemiology’s central paradigm is that analysis of population patterns of disease, particularly by linking these to exposure variables (risk factors), provides understanding of their causes. Epidemiology is useful in other ways, including preventing and controlling disease in populations and guiding health and health-care policy and planning. Epidemiology can help clinicians to manage the health care of individuals. Epidemiology has a large toolbox. At its core lies the measurement of the prevalence and incidence of risk factors and outcomes. These measurements are generated by study types (designs) that serve the various purposes of epidemiology. Of the many kinds of studies available, the most important are case series (register studies), cross-sectional, case–control, cohort, and intervention (trials) studies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Queixalós, Francesc. What being a Syntactically Ergative Language means for Katukina-Kanamari. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.42.

Full text
Abstract:
The structure of the basic clause in Katukina-Kanamari is, to a significant extent, conditioned by the internal structure of the verb phrase, which is starkly parallel to that of noun and adposition phrases. Depending on its internal make up, the verb phrase generates, for the same verbs, two patterns of transitive clauses, ergative and accusative, neither of which is synchronically derived from the other, but the latter appears as highly restricted in distribution. It also yields two patterns of intransitive clauses, one primary, the other resulting from an intransitivizing voice process. Since the basic transitive clause shows a clear syntactic hierarchy between its two arguments, intransitivizing voice is seen as of primary formal motivation: promoting the agent participant to subject status, a far more central need in this language than the functional motivation for relegating the patient participant to either adjunct status or no expression at all.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Mason, Peggy. Reflexes and Gait. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0022.

Full text
Abstract:
The importance of proprioception to motor function is revealed by the dramatic story of Ian Waterman, a man who lost function in all proprioceptive and tactile spinal afferents. The circuitry of the stretch reflex, termed the deep tendon reflex in clinical circles, is described in detail. In this context, the student is introduced to load, muscle spindles, Ia afferents, α‎- and γ‎- motoneurons, and α‎- γ‎ coactivation. The concept of physiological extensors and flexors is useful for understanding the role of reflexes in normal and abnormal postures. The logic and utility of reflex testing is fully explained and the Ib and nociceptive withdrawal reflexes briefly introduced. Primitive reflexes and their modulation across development and in response to stroke or disease are presented. In a final segment, movements produced by central pattern generators and refined by reflexes are illustrated by a close examination of human gait across the life cycle.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Spirou, Costas, and Larry Bennett. Metropolitan Chicago’s Geography of Inequality. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040597.003.0003.

Full text
Abstract:
The contemporary Chicago region is a space of striking racial and social class segregation. Even as the City of Chicago’s population has stabilized over recent decades, metropolitan Chicago has expanded geographically and in terms of population. At present, there is a striking pattern of exurban municipal development aimed at capturing prosperous residents and buttressing local tax bases. Nor has Chicago’s physical development occurred independent of broader trends in the economy and public policy. The City of Chicago’s neighborhood structure has been profoundly affected by the demolition and mixed-income redevelopment of former public housing neighborhoods, central city gentrification, and following the Great Recession of 2008, the foreclosure crisis that particularly struck local communities of color. Contemporary Chicago’s geography of inequality is thus a palimpsest of recently generated neoliberal processes overlaying an older geography forged by industrial era urbanization and suburbanization.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Brooks, Risa A. Military Defection and the Arab Spring. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.26.

Full text
Abstract:
The protests that began in Tunisia in December 2010, and quickly spread across the Arab world, have drawn significant attention to the impact of militaries and coercive institutions on protests and revolutionary movements. The actions of the militaries were a central determinant of the outcomes of the uprisings of 2010–2011. In Tunisia and Egypt the decision by military leaders to abstain from using force on mass protests to suppress them led to the downfall of the countries’ autocrats. In Syria and Bahrain, militaries defended political leaders with brutal force. In Yemen and Libya, militaries fractured, with some units remaining allied to the leader and using force on his behalf and others defecting. In still other states, leaders and militaries were able to forestall the emergence of large, regime-threatening protests.To explain these divergent outcomes, scholars and analysts have looked to a variety of explanatory factors. These focus on the attributes of the militaries involved, their civil-military relations, the size and social composition of the protests, the nature of the regime’s institutions, and the impact of monarchical traditions. These explanations offer many useful insights, but several issues remain under-studied. These include the impact of authoritarian learning and diffusion on protest trajectory. They also include the endogeneity of the protests to the nature of a country’s civil-military relations (i.e., how preexisting patterns of civil-military relations affected the possibility that incipient demonstrations would escalate to mass protests). Scholars also have been understandably captivated by the aforementioned pattern of military defection-loyalty, focusing on explaining that observed difference at the expense of studying other dependent variables. The next generation of scholarship on the uprisings therefore would benefit from efforts to conceptualize and investigate different aspects of variation in military behavior.Overall, the first-generation literature has proved enormously useful and laid the foundation for a much richer understanding of military behavior and reactions to popular uprisings in the Arab world and beyond.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Central pattern generator"

1

Park, Chang-Soo, Jeong-Ki Yoo, Young-Dae Hong, Ki-Baek Lee, Si-Jung Ryu, and Jong-Hawn Kim. "Walking Pattern Generator Using an Evolutionary Central Pattern Generator." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 65–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15810-0_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kleinfeld, David, Martin Deschênes, and Jeffrey D. Moore. "The Central Pattern Generator for Rhythmic Whisking." In Sensorimotor Integration in the Whisker System, 149–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2975-7_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Cataldo, Enrico, John H. Byrne, and Douglas A. Baxter. "Computational Model of a Central Pattern Generator." In Computational Methods in Systems Biology, 242–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11885191_17.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Matsugu, Masakazu, and Chi-Sang Poon. "Nonlinear Dynamics in a Compound Central Pattern Generator." In Computational Neuroscience, 403–9. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9800-5_65.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Hedrick, M. S., L. Broch, M. Martinez, J. L. Powell, and R. E. Wade. "Is the Vertebrate Respiratory Central Pattern Generator Conserved?" In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 127–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1375-9_20.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Park, Chang-Soo, and Jong-Hwan Kim. "Stable Modifiable Walking Pattern Algorithm with Constrained Optimized Central Pattern Generator." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 223–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37374-9_22.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Park, Chang-Soo, and Jong-Hwan Kim. "Stable Modifiable Walking Pattern Generator with Arm Swing Motion Using Evolutionary Optimized Central Pattern Generator." In Robot Intelligence Technology and Applications 2, 405–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05582-4_35.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Park, Chang-Soo, and Jong-Hwan Kim. "Stable Modifiable Walking Pattern Generator with a Vertical Foot Motion by Evolutionary Optimized Central Pattern Generator." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 89–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16841-8_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Massarelli, Nicole, Allan Yau, Kathleen Hoffman, Tim Kiemel, and Eric Tytell. "Understanding Locomotor Rhythm in the Lamprey Central Pattern Generator." In Association for Women in Mathematics Series, 157–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34139-2_6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Falgairolle, Mélanie, and Michael J. O’Donovan. "Motoneuronal Regulation of Central Pattern Generator and Network Function." In Advances in Neurobiology, 259–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07167-6_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Central pattern generator"

1

Bishop, Tyler, Keran Ye, and Konstantinos Karydis. "Design and Central Pattern Generator Control of a New Transformable Wheel-Legged Robot." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 11383–89. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra57147.2024.10610884.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Nozu, Rikuto, and Hiroyuki Torikai. "Analysis of the synchronization performance of wireless functional electronic stimulation central pattern generator." In 2024 21st International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC), 228–29. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isocc62682.2024.10762044.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Monan Wang, Lining Sun, Peng Yuan, and Qingxin Meng. "Periodicity Locomotion Control Based on Central Pattern Generator." In 2006 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2006.1712946.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Tetsuya Iwasaki and Kenji Sugimoto. "Feedback control for oscillation by central pattern generator." In SICE 2008 - 47th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2008.4654604.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Martin del Campo, Roberto, and Edmond Jonckheere. "Stationary regime for standing wave central pattern generator." In 2015 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globalsip.2015.7418330.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Lodi, Matteo, Andrey Shilnikov, and Marco Storace. "CEPAGE: A toolbox for Central Pattern Generator analysis." In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2017.8050580.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Hongu, Junichi, and Daisuke Iba. "Mutual synchronization between structure and central pattern generator." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Masayoshi Tomizuka, Chung-Bang Yun, and Jerome P. Lynch. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.915045.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Zhu, Kuanyi, Dingguo Zhang, and Li Lan. "On Central Pattern Generator of Biological Motor System." In 2006 9th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2006.345190.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Gucwa, Kevin J., and Harry H. Cheng. "Autonomous central pattern generator equation generation for coordinated modular robot locomotion." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots (SIMPAR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/simpar.2016.7862409.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Iwasaki, Tetsuya, and Min Wen. "Control design for coordinated oscillations with central pattern generator." In 2013 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2013.6580286.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Central pattern generator"

1

Kiemel, Tim, and Kathleen Hoffman. Closing the Loop: Integrating Body, Muscle and Environment with Locomotion Central Pattern Generators. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada595621.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Neely, Christopher J. The Temporal Pattern of Trading Rule Returns and Central Bank Intervention: Intervention Does Not Generate Technical Trading Rule Profits,. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2000.018.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Durán Ortiz, Mario R., and Fernanda Magalhães. Low Carbon Cities: Curitiba and Brasilia. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006890.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper addresses the following general questions: What kind of consumption patterns (e.g., land, carbon footprint, traveling) are generated by the more compact and traditional structure of Curitiba vis-à-vis the modernist urban sprawl of Brasilia?; What kind of urban and transport policies and actions can help these cities to become less resource and carbon intensive?; and, what can city or metropolitan governments do to help cities achieve these goals? The paper will show how the carbon footprints of Curitiba and Brasilia - in regard to land use distribution and transportation - are reflected in their motorized and fuel consumption rates and will suggest what can be done in policy terms to improve the cities' performances in terms of carbon and resource efficiency. The central premise is that the shape of a city affects its energy patterns, and that there is a relationship between its urban form, block structure, size, density, and land use with its travel behavior, split transportation modes, and carbon footprint. This paper was presented at the 45th ISOCARP International Congress held in Porto, Portugal on October 18th-22nd, 2009.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of Fertilization-Independent Endosperm Development by Polycomb Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695869.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Arabidopsis mutants that we have isolated, encode for fertilization-independent endosperm (fie), fertilization-independent seed2 (fis2) and medea (mea) genes, act in the female gametophyte and allow endosperm to develop without fertilization when mutated. We cloned the FIE and MEA genes and showed that they encode WD and SET domain polycomb (Pc G) proteins, respectively. Homologous proteins of FIE and MEA in other organisms are known to regulate gene transcription by modulating chromatin structure. Based on our results, we proposed a model whereby both FIE and MEA interact to suppress transcription of regulatory genes. These genes are transcribed only at proper developmental stages, as in the central cell of the female gametophyte after fertilization, thus activating endosperm development. To test our model, the following questions were addressed: What is the Composition and Function of the Polycomb Complex? Molecular, biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches were offered to identify members of the complex, analyze their interactions, and understand their function. What is the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Polycomb Proteins Accumulation? The use of transgenic plants expressing tagged FIE and MEA polypeptides as well as specific antibodies were proposed to localize the endogenous polycomb complex. How is Polycomb Protein Activity Controlled? To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the accumulation of FIE protein, transgenic plants as well as molecular approaches were proposed to determine whether FIE is regulated at the translational or posttranslational levels. The objectives of our research program have been accomplished and the results obtained exceeded our expectation. Our results reveal that fie and mea mutations cause parent-of-origin effects on seed development by distinct mechanisms (Publication 1). Moreover our data show that FIE has additional functions besides controlling the development of the female gametophyte. Using transgenic lines in which FIE was not expressed or the protein level was reduced during different developmental stages enabled us for the first time to explore FIE function during sporophyte development (Publication 2 and 3). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that FIE, a single copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome, represses multiple developmental pathways (i.e., endosperm, embryogenesis, shot formation and flowering). Furthermore, we identified FIE target genes, including key transcription factors known to promote flowering (AG and LFY) as well as shoot and leaf formation (KNAT1) (Publication 2 and 3), thus demonstrating that in plants, as in mammals and insects, PcG proteins control expression of homeobox genes. Using the Yeast two hybrid system and pull-down assays we demonstrated that FIE protein interact with MEA via the N-terminal region (Publication 1). Moreover, CURLY LEAF protein, an additional member of the SET domain family interacts with FIE as well. The overlapping expression patterns of FIE, with ether MEA or CLF and their common mutant phenotypes, demonstrate the versatility of FIE function. FIE association with different SET domain polycomb proteins, results in differential regulation of gene expression throughout the plant life cycle (Publication 3). In vitro interaction assays we have recently performed demonstrated that FIE interacts with the cell cycle regulatory component Retinobalsoma protein (pRb) (Publication 4). These results illuminate the potential mechanism by which FIE may restrain embryo sac central cell division, at least partly, through interaction with, and suppression of pRb-regulated genes. The results of this program generated new information about the initiation of reproductive development and expanded our understanding of how PcG proteins regulate developmental programs along the plant life cycle. The tools and information obtained in this program will lead to novel strategies which will allow to mange crop plants and to increase crop production.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Central pattern generator' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography