Relevant bibliographies by topics / Central Place Theory

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Central Place Theory'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Central Place Theory"

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Rushton, Gerard. "Postulates of Central-Place Theory and the Properties of Central-Place Systems." Geographical Analysis 3, no. 2 (September 3, 2010): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1971.tb00358.x.

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Berry, Brian J. L., and William L. Garrison. "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF CENTRAL PLACE THEORY." Papers in Regional Science 4, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1958.tb01625.x.

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SAEY, PIETER, and MARLEEN LIETAER. "CONSUMER PROFILES AND CENTRAL PLACE THEORY." Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 71, no. 3 (March 27, 2008): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1980.tb00885.x.

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ISHIZAKI, Kenji. "A Reinterpretation of Christaller's Central Place Theory." Geographical Review of Japa,. Ser. A, Chirigaku Hyoron 68, no. 9 (1995): 579–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/grj1984a.68.9_579.

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Webber, M. J. "Empirical Verifiability of Classical Central Place Theory." Geographical Analysis 3, no. 1 (September 3, 2010): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1971.tb00345.x.

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Hsu, Wen‐Tai. "Central Place Theory and City Size Distribution." Economic Journal 122, no. 563 (March 15, 2012): 903–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2012.02518.x.

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Daniels, Margaret J. "Central place theory and sport tourism impacts." Annals of Tourism Research 34, no. 2 (April 2007): 332–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.09.004.

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Taylor, Peter J., Michael Hoyler, and Raf Verbruggen. "External Urban Relational Process: Introducing Central Flow Theory to Complement Central Place Theory." Urban Studies 47, no. 13 (November 2010): 2803–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098010377367.

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Central place hierarchies have been the traditional basis for understanding external urban relations. However, in contemporary studies of these relations, a new emphasis on urban networks has emerged. Rather than either abandoning or extending central place thinking, it is here treated as representing one of two generic processes of external urban relations. Town-ness is the making of ‘local’ urban—hinterland relations and ‘city-ness’ is the making of ‘non-local’ interurban relations. Central place theory describes the former through an interlocking hierarchical model; this paper proposes a central flow theory to describe the latter through an interlocking network model. The key difference is the level of complexity in the two processes.
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Kosso, Peter, and Cynthia Kosso. "Central Place Theory and the Reciprocity between Theory and Evidence." Philosophy of Science 62, no. 4 (December 1995): 581–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/289887.

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Doran, Derek, and Andrew Fox. "Operationalizing Central Place and Central Flow Theory With Mobile Phone Data." Annals of Data Science 3, no. 1 (December 26, 2015): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40745-015-0066-4.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Central Place Theory"

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Kuby, Michael. "A location-allocation model of classical central place theory for uniform and non-uniform networks." Thesis, Boston University, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38060.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This dissertation presents a location-allocation model of classical (Losch and Christaller) central place theory which is applied to uniform and non-uniform networks. A mixed-integer programming model is developed that incorporates the concepts of range, threshold, distance-elastic demand, and hierarchical nesting.
2031-01-01
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McLaughlin, Brayden M. "Application of the Central Place Theory In a Modern Metropolitan Area to Determine Current Centrality Patterns: Case Study of Cincinnati, Ohio." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1243017213.

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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
Advisor: Michael Romanos. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Oct. 20, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: Central Place Theory centrality patterns urban areas Cincinnati intraurban metropolitan retail Christaller. Includes bibliographical references.
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Tufts, Craig J. "Main Street's Changing as a Central Place, an Economic Center, and a Neighborhood: Regionalization, Retail Trade, and Applying the New Urbanism." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1126898964.

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Monk, Khadija M. "How Central Business Districts Manage Crime and Disorder: A Case Study in the Processes of Place Management in Downtown Cincinnati." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342104635.

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Stassen, Richard. "Assessing the Accessibility of Police Services in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-237280.

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Providing a nation’s citizens with timely and effective police services is a complex task, particularly in rural areas where limited resources must be allocated across vast, sparsely populated areas—to date, little research has sought to understand this process. The aim of this thesis is to assess the accessibility of police services in Sweden. Central place theory (CPT) serves as a theoretical framework for understanding how police services are spatially arranged. Differences in accessibility are evaluated with respect to two low-mobility groups—older adults, and women. This thesis employs open data provided by the Swedish police, Statistics Sweden (SCB), and Eurostat. Geographic information systems (GIS) are used to perform network analyses by which drive-times to police stations are calculated. Group differences in accessibility are examined by comparing average drive-times between areas where standardized population ratios (SPR) reveal differences in group representation. Results show that the spatial structure of police services resembles CPT’s prediction in that important services are widely distributed, whereas specialized services are found in more central cities. However, the observations do not perfectly adhere to the theoretical structure, implying that factors exogenous to CPT have some role in determining service point locations. Regarding accessibility, older adults tend to be overrepresented in areas far from police stations, suggesting lower levels of access to the services they offer. Sex was not found to be a significant factor influencing access, except in that men tend to be overrepresented in remote parts of northern Sweden.
Att tillhandahålla effektiva och lägliga polistjänster är en komplex uppgift för ett lands medborgare, särskilt på landsbygden där begränsade resurser måste tilldelas över omfattande och glesbefolkade områden— hittills har lite forskning eftersträvat att förstå denna process. Målet av denna avhandling är att bedöma den rumsliga strukturen och tillgängligheten av polistjänster i Sverige. Teorin känd som "Central place theory (CPT)" fungerar som en teoretisk ram för att förstå hur polistjänster är rumsligt anordnade. Skillnader i tillgänglighet bedöms med avseende på två grupper med låg rörlighet- äldre vuxna och kvinnor. Denna avhandling använder öppna data tillhandahållna av svensk polis, Statistiska Centralbyrån (SCB), och Eurostat. Geografiska informationssystem (GIS) används för att utföra nätverksanalyser genom vilka körtider till polisstationer beräknas. Gruppskillnader i tillgänglighet utvärderas genom att jämföra genomsnittliga körtider mellan områden där standardiserade befolkningsförhållanden, eller "standardized population ratios", (SPR), avslöjar skillnader i grupprepresentation. Resultat visar att den rumsliga strukturen av polistjänster liknar CPTs förutsägelse att viktiga tjänster är allmänt fördelade, medan specialiserade tjänster kan hittas i mer centrala städer. Däremot håller inte observationerna helt fast vid den teoretiska strukturen, vilket innebär att faktorer som är exogena till CPT har en viss roll i att bestämma tjänstlägen. När det gäller tillgänglighet, brukar äldre vuxna vara överrepresenterade i områden långt från polisstationer, vilket tyder på lägre nivåer av tillgänglighet till tjänsterna de erbjuder. Kön befanns inte vara en betydande faktor som påverkar tillgänglighet, förutom att män tenderar att vara överrepresenterade i avlägsna norra områden.
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Hägerdal, Erik. "Södra Sjukvårdsregionen som samverkansorgan för fysisk planering i fyra regioner : En soft space utan rådighet styrd av governance." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19750.

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The recurring debate on regional administration and what responsibilities it should have has in a Swedish context been discussed in media and committees over the years. Little has been discussed around the possibilities of strengthening pre-existing interregional cooperation even though there is a scholarly thought of soft space as a definition to describe these types of cooperation and how they might evolve.   A case study has been performed on the interregional health care agency Södra Sjukvårdsregionen (SSR) which is one of six Swedish regional health care agencies (sjukvårdsregioner). SSR serves the regions Scania, Blekinge, Kronoberg and southern Halland and was constituted in 1960 based on central place theory to resolve spatial planning problems in the context of regional public health.   In the analytical context of soft space and central place theory, results have been provided by interviewing representatives working within SSR and examining documents. SSR has been defined as a structure of governance which consists of formal government actors.    The results indicate that the concept of soft space as described in literature supports spatial planning of specialized regional health care. However, the concept of soft space has little impact on spatial planning with respect to comprehensive planning (Översiktsplan) as illustrated by documentation from Västra Sjukvårdsregionen and the case of Norra Älvsborgs Länssjukhus (NÄL).
Debatten om svenska regionindelningar och vilken rådighet regionerna borde ha har diskuterats i medier och statliga utredningar genom åren. Däremot har möjligheterna att stärka befintliga interregionala samarbeten diskuterats mycket lite, även om det finns ett vetenskapligt underlag för soft space som ett samlande begrepp för att beskriva dessa typer av samarbeten och hur de vidareutvecklas. En fallstudie har genomförts på Södra Sjukvårdsregionen (SSR), som är en av Sveriges sex sjukvårdsregioner. SSR betjänar regionerna Skåne, Blekinge, Kronoberg och södra Halland och bildades 1960 baserat på centralortsteorin som ett sätt att lösa problem med fysisk planering i samband med regional sjuk- och hälsovård. Representanter som arbetar inom ramen för SSR:s verksamhet har intervjuats och dokument har granskats i termer av soft space och centralortsteorin. SSR har definierats som en struktur som bereder ärenden rörande fysisk planering som är de ingående regionernas rådighet. Resultaten indikerar att konceptet soft space som beskrivs i litteraturen stöder fysisk planering av specialiserad regional hälsovård. Konceptet soft space har dock liten inverkan på fysisk planering av omfattande skala (Översiktsplan), vilket belyses av dokumentationen från Västra Sjukvårdsregionen och fallet med Norra Älvsborgs Länssjukhus (NÄL).
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Kauffmann, Albrecht. "Im Zentrum Europas : die Metropolenregion Berlin in der erweiterten Europäischen Union." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2738/.

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European integration provokes competition between the European metropolitan areas. At the same time, the question at which locations services of highest centrality are produced remains open. The paper analyses how far the German capital Berlin accepts the challenge to accomodate headquarters of multinational firms. Our investigation shows that Berlin's qualifications to attract headquarters are quite well. The number of headquarters residing in Berlin has increased subtly but contiuous during the last 15 years. One advantage could be the spatial proximity to the Eastern European markets.
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Sewell, Patrick Dale. "Centers all the way down: a study of centrality in the modern city." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43594.

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This thesis will empirically examine the distribution of centers of commercial activity in the modern city. Using measures of built space for different types of activity in Atlanta, we will map the distribution of activity in the city; then we will derive the system of centers distributed throughout the city. This system of centers will be sorted into scales, from global to local, so that the morphological properties of the street network associated with each scale may be analyzed using space syntax and other tools. We will then compare the distribution of centers in different portions of Atlanta, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally, we will compate the emergent distribution of centers to distributions proposed by Doxiadis, Alexander, Central Place Theory, and others.
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Ramírez, Sadovski Valentín. "Qualitative theory of differential equations in the plane and in the space, with emphasis on the center-focus and on the Lotka-Volterra systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669890.

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Runnsjö, Joakim. "Framtidens vinnare och förlorare i Östra Götaland? : Infrastruktur och tätortsutveckling i Östergötlands, Jönköpings och Kalmar län 2010-2020." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54813.

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  Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera möjlig utveckling av kommunerna och tätorterna i Jönköpings, Kalmar och Östergötlands län fram till 2020, med utblickar mot framtiden. Bakgrunden till uppsatsen är de diskussioner som förs i Sverige kring nya regionkommuner, där sammanslagningar av befintliga län ska ske. I denna process är Östra Götland ett förslag för de tre länen och därför är det av intresse att studera hur dessa kan utvecklas i framtiden.

För denna analys har tidsgeografiska utgångspunkter kombinerats med Christallers centralortsteori för att skapa ett tredimensionellt tillgänglighetslandskap. Detta har sedan legat som en viktig förklaringsgrund för hur tätorter utvecklas. Resultatet av uppsatsen visar att de som lyckats locka till sig nya invånare kan delas upp i huvudsak i tre grupper; pendelorter med goda kommunikationer till andra orter, förorter med kort avstånd till regioncentra eller residensstäder (undantaget Östergötland där både Linköping och Norrköping är tillväxtorter). För de orter som inte lyckats utmärks dessa av att de ofta saknar goda kommunikationer och/eller befinner sig i en näringsomvandling, från dominerande basindustri till ett mer tjänstebaserat näringsliv. Framtidens vinnare blir troligen samma som idag och för den studerade regionen får Jönköping anses vara den största vinnaren, även om de andra länscentrana, Kalmar och Linköpipng/Norrköping, också är vinnare. Vissa frågetecken kring hur Norrköping klarar konkurrensen med Jönköping finns, på samma sätt som mellan Kalmar och Växjö, då en stark tillväxt i en ort kan få andra orter att stå tillbaka.


  The purpose of the paper is to study the possible development of municipalities and urban areas in the county of Jönköping, Kalmar and Östergötland to 2020, with glimpses into the future. The background to the paper are discussions taking place in Sweden on a new regional division, where a merge of existing counties are about to happen. In this process is the forming of Eastern Götaland a proposal for the three counties and it is therefore of interest to study how these may evolve in the future.

For this analysis, time-geographical bases combined with Christaller central place theory are used to create a three-dimensional landscape of accessibility. This has then been used as an starting point in the discussions about how urban areas evolve. The results of the paper shows that those who succeeded in attracting new residents can be divided mainly into three groups; commuter towns with good transport links to other places, suburbs whit short distances to a regional center or provincial capitals (except in Östergötland, where both Linköping and Norrköping are growth centers). For those which have not been able to this has often a lack of good communications and/or are in a business transformation, from primary industry to a more service-based economy. Tomorrow's winner will likely be the same as today, and in the studied region Jönköping may be considered as the biggest winner, though the other county towns, Kalmar and Linköping/Norrköping, also are winners. There are some uncertainties about how Norrköping stands in the competition with Jönköping, just as between Kalmar and Växjö,. A strong growth in one urban area may cause that the growth in other areas are reduced.

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Books on the topic "Central Place Theory"

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Central Place Theory (Scientific Geography Series). Sage Publications, Inc, 1985.

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Alexandrova, Anna. Psychometrics as Theory Avoidance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199300518.003.0006.

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In theory construct validation secures good measurement by balancing all available evidence. But does it do so in practice? This chapter argues that validation of well-being scales as currently practiced is unduly selective about what evidence counts. It is not enough to check whether a measure correlates with other measures and indicators that background theory deems relevant if this background theory does not include normative and conceptual considerations about the nature of well-being. In this sense psychometrics commits theory avoidance. Its root is a disciplinary convention of evidential subjectivism, which reduces the big philosophical questions to technical exercises in statistics and factor analysis or reformulates them as reports of subjects’ opinions. To overcome these problems philosophical considerations need to be given a more central place in validation.
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Pfeiffer, Christian. Aristotle's Theory of Bodies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779728.001.0001.

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Aristotle’s conception of body at the heart of this study is the notion of a three‐dimensionally extended and continuous magnitude bounded by surfaces. This notion is distinct from the notion of a physical substance. Substances have bodies: they are extended, their parts are continuous with each other, and they have boundaries which demarcate them from their surroundings. It is argued that body has a pivotal role in Aristotle’s natural philosophy. A theory of bodies can be compared to Aristotle’s account of central concepts for natural science, such as motion, place, and time which are discussed in Physics III‐‐IV. The book argues that when Aristotle discusses the notion of body and related notions, he has primarily physical, as opposed to mathematical, bodies in mind. The physicist studies body insofar as it is the body of a physical substance, whereas the mathematician studies body as if it were separate. Although Aristotle never wrote a continuous treatment on bodies, it is possible to reconstruct a coherent and philosophically appealing theory of bodies. The second half of the book offers a systematic treatment of the concept of three‐dimensional magnitude and related notions such as boundary, extension, contact, and continuity. Both the structural features and the ontological status of body are discussed. In this sense, the second half of the book is a study in ancient mereotopology.
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Beauchamp, Tom L. The Theory, Method, and Practice of Principlism. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Cornelius Werendly van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732365.013.31.

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This chapter explains and defends the theory and methods of principlism as a theoretical approach to biomedical ethics. Principlism is not merely a framework of four principles; it is a method for using these principles in practice. I discuss their practical roles in biomedical ethics, with a focus on psychiatric ethics. I start with a history of the use of principles in bioethics and then turn to the nature and commitments of the framework of four clusters of principles that James Childress and I defend. Also analyzed is the central place occupied in principlism by common morality theory—the theory that basic moral standards apply everywhere in the moral life across all cultures. Particular moralities, such as those found in professional ethics guidelines, are shown to presuppose universally valid principles. Finally, I explain the central role of specification—the method by which general principles are made concrete and practical.
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Hucklenbroich, Peter. Disease entities and the borderline between health and disease: Where is the place of gradations? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722373.003.0004.

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The chapter discusses the demarcation of health and disease by considering ‘disease entity’ as the most fundamental notion in the theory of medicine. First, it provides an analysis of the conceptual structure of the medical theory of disease and nosology. It demonstrates that the most central theoretical tool of fully developed medical disciplines is the concept of disease entity. Second, the chapter demonstrates that individual cases of disease entities differ typically according to their stages and degrees of severity. Third, the chapter argues that psychiatry is not yet a fully developed medical discipline and is lacking a mature nosological structure. The conclusion is that, for diagnostic and practical purposes, psychiatry is not in need of gradations between health and disease in general, but rather of empirically sound and validated gradations that address the kind, stage, and severity of its nosological entities, including its provisional surrogates for proper disease entities.
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Newton's Principia: The Central Argument. Green Lion Press, 1996.

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Birdwhistell, Terry L., and Deirdre A. Scaggs. Our Rightful Place. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179377.001.0001.

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Since women first entered the University of Kentucky (UK) in 1880 they have sought, demanded, and struggled for equality within the university. The period between 1880 and 1945 at UK witnessed women’s suffrage, two world wars, and an economic depression. It was during this time that women at UK worked to take their rightful place in the university’s life prior to the modern women’s movement of the 1960s and beyond. The history of women at UK is not about women triumphant, and it remains an untidy story. After pushing for admission into a male-centric campus environment, women created women’s spaces, women’s organizations, and a women’s culture often patterned on those of men. At times, it seemed that a goal was to create a woman’s college within the larger university. However, coeducation meant that women, by necessity, competed with men academically while still navigating the evolving social norms of relationships between the sexes. Both of those paths created opportunities, challenges, and problems for women students and faculty. By taking a more women-centric view of the campus, this study shows more clearly the impact that women had over time on the culture and environment. It also allows a comparison, and perhaps a contrast, of the experiences of UK women with other public universities across the United States.
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Robolin, Stéphane. Race, Place, and the Geography of Exile. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039478.003.0002.

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This chapter takes up the early writing of Richard Wright and Peter Abrahams that starkly traces out the caustic terms of race and place in their formative years. The unmistakable similarities between Wright's and Abrahams' famed autobiographies, Black Boy and Tell Freedom, highlight the significant impact of their respective racial landscapes. The chapter reads both texts for the central role that racialized place played in forming the consciousness of these young men. Moreover, it argues that place also prominently affected the stylistic and aesthetic modes of the two autobiographies. This approach draws attention to rather different locales: for Wright, the American South from which he fled; and for Abrahams, the exilic space of Europe to which he fled. The resonances of their texts result from intersecting, rather than merely parallel, lives. As both writers fled the racism of their native lands, they crossed paths in 1940s Europe, a key locus of black transnational engagement. It was during their short-lived but generative friendship that Abrahams wrote and revised Tell Freedom, a process with which Wright was involved.
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Jones, Charles O. 2. The presidency finds its place. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190458201.003.0002.

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An important issue with respect to setting up the new system of government was where to put the presidency. The capital city, it was decided, would be central between North and South. Congress and the presidency would be in the same city, separated by a swamp. “The presidency finds its place” looks at how the location was decided and evolved over time. Presidential candidates were not required to go through Congress to win. They were to be independently elected. Three governing centers were established in the new capital: one each for the Congress, the presidency, and the courts. The President’s House was designed to be both a residence and a workplace.
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Weale, Albert. Modern Social Contract Theory. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853541.001.0001.

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This book provides an exposition and evaluation of major work in social contract theory from 1950 to present. It locates the central themes of that theory in the intellectual legacy of utilitarianism, particularly the problems of defining principles of justice and of showing the grounds of moral obligation. Subsequently, it demonstrates how theorists responded in a novel way to the dilemmas articulated in utilitarianism, developing in their different approaches a constructivist method in ethics—a method that aimed to vindicate a liberal, democratic, and just political order. A distinctive feature of the book is its comparative approach. Each theory is placed in its particular intellectual context. Special attention is paid to the contrasting theories of rationality adopted by the different authors, whether that be utility theory or a deliberative conception of rationality, with the intention of assessing how far the principles advanced can be justified by reference to the hypothetical choices of rational contracting agents. The book also looks at some principal objections to the enterprise of contract theory, and offers its own programme for the future of that theory taking the form of the empirical method.
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Book chapters on the topic "Central Place Theory"

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Berliant, Marcus. "Central Place Theory." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1479–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_609.

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Taylor, Peter J., Michael Hoyler, and Raf Verbruggen. "“External urban relational processes: introducing central flow theory to complement central place theory”." In The Globalizing Cities Reader, 407–12. 2nd Edition. | New York : Routledge, [2018] |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315684871-59.

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Hsu, Wen-Tai, and Xin Zou. "Central Place Theory and the Power Law for Cities." In The Mathematics of Urban Morphology, 55–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12381-9_3.

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Huff, James, Daniel A. Griffith, Michael Sonis, Lloyd Leifer, and Debra Straussfogel. "Dynamic Central Place Theory: An Appraisal and Future Prospects." In Transformations Through Space and Time, 121–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4430-5_7.

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Barnes, Trevor J. "“Desk Killers”: Walter Christaller, Central Place Theory, and the Nazis." In Knowledge and Space, 187–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9960-7_9.

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Calciu, Michai, and Francis Salerno. "A New Approach to Spatial Management of Retail Networks, based on the Germans School’s Central Place Theory." In Advances in Services Marketing, 181–202. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-91507-8_11.

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Reisig, Wolfgang. "Place/Transition Systems." In Petri Nets: Central Models and Their Properties, 117–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47919-2_6.

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Jantzen, Matthias. "Complexity of Place / Transition Nets." In Petri Nets: Central Models and Their Properties, 413–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47919-2_16.

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Lautenbach, Kurt. "Linear Algebraic Techniques for Place/Transition Nets." In Petri Nets: Central Models and Their Properties, 142–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47919-2_7.

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Steigmann, David J. "Applications of polyconvexity and strong ellipticity to nonlinear elasticity and elastic plate theory." In CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, 265–99. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0174-2_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Central Place Theory"

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Jia, Yuetian, Zhengliang Shen, Zi Wang, Xu Jin, and Li-Jie Xu. "Dynamic Network Location Model of Charging Stations Based on Central Place Theory." In 2018 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium - China (ACES). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acess.2018.8669138.

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Zhao, Wei, and Jiao Yang. "Logistics Research and the Town System of Historic Chengdu Area: View from the Point of Central Place Theory." In International Conference of Logistics Engineering and Management (ICLEM) 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41139(387)109.

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Liu, Hongguang, and Weidong Liu. "Rank-Size Construction of the Central Place Theory by Fractal Method and Its Application to the Yangtze River Delta in China." In 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2009.5301777.

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Hanzl, Malgorzata. "Self-organisation and meaning of urban structures: case study of Jewish communities in central Poland in pre-war times." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5098.

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In spatial, social and cultural pluralism, the questions of human intentionality and socio-spatial emergence remain central to social theory (Portugali 2000, p.142). The correlation between individual preferences, values and intentions, and actual behaviour and actions, is subject to Portugali’s theory of self-organisation (2000). Compared to Gidden’s structuralism, which focuses on society and groups, the point of departure for Portugali (2000) are individuals and their personal choices. The key feature in how complex systems `self-organise', is that they `interpret', the information that comes from the environment (Portugali 2006). The current study explores the urban environment formerly inhabited, and largely constructed, by Jews in two central Polish districts: Mazovia and Lodz, before the tragedy of the Holocaust. While the Jewish presence lasted from the 11th century until the outbreak of World War II, the most intensive development took place in the 19th century, together with the civilisation changes introduced by industrialisation. Embracing the everyday habits of Jewish citizens endows the neighbourhood structures they once inhabited with long gone meanings, the information layer which once helped organise everyday life. The main thesis reveals that Jewish communities in pre-war Poland represented an example of a self-organising society, one which could be considered a prototype of contemporary postmodern cultural complexity. The mapping of this complexity at the scale of a neighbourhood is a challenge, a method for which is addressed in the current paper. The above considerations are in line with the empirical studies of the relations between Jews and Poles, especially in large cities, where more complex socio-cultural processes could have occurred. References: Eco, U. (1997) ‘Function and Sign: The Semiotics of Architecture’, in Leich, N. (ed.) Rethinking Architecture: A reader in cultural theory (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, London) 182–202. Hillier, B. and Hanson, J. (2003) The Social Logic of Space (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). Marshall, S. (2009) Cities, Design and Evolution (Routledge, Abingdon, New York). Portugali, J. (2000) Self-Organization and the City, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg). Portugali, J. (2006) ‘Complexity theory as a link between space and place’, Environment and Planning A 38(4) 647–664.
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Vivanco, José Antonio. "Understanding cycling in Quito through the lens of Social Practice Theory." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6070.

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Understanding cycling in Quito through the lens of Social Practice Theory. José Antonio Vivanco Viladot The Bartlett School of Planning, University College of London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, WC1H 0NN, London. E-mail: jose.viladot.15@ucl.ac.uk Keywords: Quito, Ecuador, Social Practice Theory, Transport behavior, Cycling Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space In Quito, the relatively recent development of infrastructure and programs to promote cycling has become central in the discussion for sustainable mobility[1]. Moreover, considering that the scheme ‘Ciclopaseo’ has been an important dominical event for many families over a decade, if compared with the low rates of cycling in the modal share, questions surge about the effectiveness of all these measures. Moreover, the appropriateness of cycling in a city with geographical, morphological, social, and cultural challenges for practitioners has been analysed. The use of Social Practice Theory[2] provides a theoretical framework to understand holistically the daily mobility of two groups: a representative sample composed by University students, gives a specific target for policy making; while a parallel sample puts into perspective the validity of the results. SSPS and ArcGIS are used for the analysis of primary data collected with Google Forms. Overall, the analysis of each one of the elements of practice explains a dimension of the self-reinforcing barriers to cycle. It is revealed that the construction of meanings in daily travel, especially cycling, is based on instrumental factors such as travel time and distance, but non-instrumental factors related to safeness and security weigh heavily in travel behaviour, creating psychological barriers to cycling. It is concluded that reshaping the meanings of cycling is necessary by the construction of a culture of ‘road user behaviour’, the creation of physic-temporal-symbolic spaces to build cycling skills, and later transform the transport system, road infrastructure, streetscape, and the social rhythms of Quito into cycle-friendly spaces. References: [1] Mogollón, D.O. & Albornoz, M.B.B. (2016) ‘La bicicleta y la transformación del espacio público en Quito (2003-2014)’. Letras Verdes. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioambientales 19, 24-44. [2] Shove, E. (2010) ‘Beyond the ABC: climate change policy and theories of social change’, uofool of Planning. , K.,l life'ollege of London.Environment and planning A, 42(6), 1273-85. Schatzki, T. (2009) ‘Timespace and the organization of social life’. In Shove, E., Trentmann, F. & Wilk, R. Time, consumption and everyday life: Practice, materiality and culture. London: Bloomsbury, 35-48. Schwanen, T. & Lucas, K. (2011) ‘Chapter 1: Understanding Auto Motives’. In Lucas, K., Blumenberg, E. & Weinberger, Auto motives : understanding car use behaviours (Evelyn Blumenberg)
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Güller, Cansu, and Çiğdem Varol. "New Approaches in Defining the Structure of Urban Settlement Systems." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021tr0055n16.

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Technological developments such as the extensive use of modern communication tools and increasing infrastructure opportunities have changed the spatial organization forms and daily life practices in cities. Previously, central place theory, which explains hierarchical urban patterns based on the minimum population size-based threshold concept and the maximum distance-based range concept has become incompetent to explain the spatial organization of today's settlements. At this point, in defining the urbanization processes and explaining the spatial organization, the search for new conceptual and methodological approaches has become important. In this study, changing urban systems are evaluated in terms of closeness centrality, attribute centrality, network centrality, and geographical centrality based on space of flows and interpreted by current parameters. It is concluded that in defining the structure and spatial organization of urban systems, the morphological and functional dimensions of urban systems should be evaluated besides the parameters of population, geographical proximity or network relations. In this context, a model proposal has been developed by using current parameters such as density, diversity, mobility, connectivity, spatial-temporal structure, and urban networks.
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Bauchau, Olivier A., and Shilei Han. "Advanced Plate Theory for Multibody Dynamics." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12415.

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In flexible multibody systems, many components are often approximated as plates. More often that not, classical plate theories, such as Kirchhoff or Reissner-Mindlin plate theory, form the basis of the analytical development for plate dynamics. The advantage of this approach is that it leads to a very simple kinematic representation of the problem: the plate’s normal material line is assumed to remain straight and its displacement field is fully defined by three displacement and two rotation components. While such approach is capable of capturing the kinetic energy of the system accurately, it cannot represent the strain energy adequately. For instance, it is well known from three-dimensional elasticity theory that the normal material line will warp under load for laminated composite plates, leading to a three-dimensional deformation state that generates a complex stress state. To overcome this problem, several high-order and refined plate theory were proposed. While these approaches work well for some cases, they typically lead to inefficient formulation because they introduce numerous additional variables. This paper presents a different approach to the problem, which is based on a finite element discretization of the normal material line, and relies of the Hamiltonian formalism of obtain solutions of the governing equations. Polynomial solutions, also known as central solutions, are obtained that propagate over the entire span of the plate.
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Labbé, Mickaël. "« L’espace indicible »: conceptions et textualités." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.470.

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Résumé: La notion d’« espace indicible » occupe sans conteste une position centrale dans la théorie architecturale de Le Corbusier après 1945. Loin d’être un simple mot-valise ou un signifiant vide de sens, le concept d’espace indicible vise à penser le sommet de l’expérience esthétique et spirituelle dont est passible l’architecture, cela tant pour rendre compte de l’émotion plastique ressentie face aux chefs-d’œuvre du passé que pour décrire la qualité de l’expérience que l’architecte cherche à produire par ses propres œuvres. Ainsi, dans l’œuvre de Le Corbusier, l’expression « l’espace indicible » désigne non seulement un concept, mais également un ensemble textuel dans lequel la notion est thématisée et au travers duquel elle se constitue progressivement. L’objectif de cet article est double : d’une part, proposer une description des déterminations principales du contenu donné par Le Corbusier à la notion d’« espace indicible » ; d’autre part, à partir de l’examen des archives, faire le point sur les textes dans lesquels ce concept se formule. Abstract: The concept of “ineffable space” unquestionably occupies a central place in Le Corbusier's architectural theory after 1945. Far from being a portmanteau or a signifier devoid of meaning, the concept of ineffable space is aimed at conceiving the height of aesthetic and spiritual experience rendered possible by architecture. This is as much to realise plastic emotion felt in front of masterpiece from the past as to describe the experiential quality that the architect seeks to produce in his/her own work. Thus, in Le Corbusier’s oeuvre, the expression “ineffable space” not only denotes a concept but also a textual whole in which the concept is thematised and through which it is progressively constituted. The aim of this article is two-fold. On the one hand, I propose a description of the principle determinants of the content that Le Corbusier assigns to the concept of “ineffable space”, and on the other hand, analysing the archives, I wish to take stock of the texts in which this concept is formulated. Mots-clés: Le Corbusier; espace indicible; théorie architecturale. Keywords: Le Corbusier; ineffable space; architectural theory. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.470
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Lu, Zhenguo, Jiaren Liu, Linda Mao, Philip Poole, Eric Liu, John Weber, Chunying Song, et al. "InAs/InP quantum dot coherent comb lasers and their applications in data centre and coherent communication systems." In Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers XX, edited by Alexey A. Belyanin and Peter M. Smowton. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2577305.

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Matheny, J. C., and L. M. Berhan. "Modeling the Transition From Conventional to Auxetic Behavior in Compressed Foams." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65507.

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In theory, a negative Poisson’s ratio (i.e. auxetic) material has improved hardness, impact resistance, fracture toughness, and shear modulus over one with a positive Poisson’s ratio and comparable stiffness. These enhanced properties make them attractive candidates for a wide range of applications, including ones in the biomedical industry. Over the past two decades there has been increasing interest in auxetic materials leading to the discovery and development of new auxetic materials at the micro- and macro-scales. It has been reported in the literature that some human trabecular bone is auxetic; however verification of this claim and measurement of the Poisson’s ratio of biological materials remains a challenge. This research need is the motivation for the current work. The central research objective of this project is to develop an approach to gain fundamental insight into the geometric characteristics of auxetic open cell materials by studying the underpinning mechanics behind the transition from positive to negative Poisson’s ratio that takes place when open-cell foam is compressed and heat treated. The approach involves detailed image analysis and finite element modeling of the microstructure of polyurethane foam, which is commonly used as a test material to model the structure of human cancellous bone. By studying both conventional and auxetic foam, and the process by which conventional foams are transformed to auxetic, we seek to identify the critical features of auxetic open-cell structures. The results will lead to a better understanding of auxetic cellular materials in general, and will be used to develop a framework for use in determining the mechanical properties and potential auxeticity of human trabecular bone and to aid in the design of synthetic auxetic biomaterials. In this paper we report on preliminary results of our modeling efforts.
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Reports on the topic "Central Place Theory"

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Walsh, Alex. The Contentious Politics of Tunisia’s Natural Resource Management and the Prospects of the Renewable Energy Transition. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.048.

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For many decades in Tunisia, there has been a robust link between natural resource management and contentious national and local politics. These disputes manifest in the form of protests, sit-ins, the disruption of production and distribution and legal suits on the one hand, and corporate and government response using coercive and concessionary measures on the other. Residents of resource-rich areas and their allies protest the inequitable distribution of their local natural wealth and the degradation of their health, land, water, soil and air. They contest a dynamic that tends to bring greater benefit to Tunisia’s coastal metropolitan areas. Natural resource exploitation is also a source of livelihoods and the contentious politics around them have, at times, led to somewhat more equitable relationships. The most important actors in these contentious politics include citizens, activists, local NGOs, local and national government, international commercial interests, international NGOs and multilateral organisations. These politics fit into wider and very longstanding patterns of wealth distribution in Tunisia and were part of the popular alienation that drove the uprising of 2011. In many ways, the dynamic of the contentious politics is fundamentally unchanged since prior to the uprising and protests have taken place within the same month of writing of this paper. Looking onto this scene, commentators use the frame of margins versus centre (‘marginalization’), and also apply the lens of labour versus capital. If this latter lens is applied, not only is there continuity from prior to 2011, there is continuity with the colonial era when natural resource extraction was first industrialised and internationalised. In these ways, the management of Tunisia’s natural wealth is a significant part of the country’s serious political and economic challenges, making it a major factor in the street politics unfolding at the time of writing.
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Demaestri, Edgardo C., Cynthia Moskovits, and Jimena Chiara. Management of Fiscal and Financial Risks Generated by PPPs: Conceptual Issues and Country Experiences. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001470.

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This paper discusses the main issues concerning sovereign fiscal and financial risks from public–private partnerships (PPPs) with a focus on contingent liabilities (CLs). It is based on the presentations and discussions that took place during the XI Annual Meeting of the Group of Latin American and the Caribbean Debt Management Specialists (LAC Debt Group), held in Barbados in August 2015. The main issues discussed include PPP risks assessment, institutional framework for PPP risk management, and accounting and reporting of CLs generated by PPPs. Six country cases (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Suriname, and Turkey) are presented to illustrate experiences with different degrees of development regarding the management of risks and CLs related to PPPs. The document concludes that PPP risk management should encompass the whole lifecycle of a PPP project, risks need to be identified and CLs must be estimated and monitored, and the institutional capacity of governments to evaluate and manage PPP risks plays a central role in the successful development of PPP contracts. Although institutional capacities in this regard have improved in recent years, estimations of CLs involved in PPPs are not regularly performed, and there is still room for improvement on the assessment, measurement, registration, budgeting, and reporting of risks and CLs related to PPPs.
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Ferreyra, Maria Marta, Carlos Garriga, Juan D. Martin-Ocampo, and Angélica María Sánchez Díaz. Raising College Access and Completion: How Much Can Free College Help? Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1155.

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Free college proposals have become increasingly popular in many countries of the world. To evaluate their potential effects, we develop and estimate a dynamic model of college enrollment, performance, and graduation. A central piece of the model, student effort, has a direct effect on class completion, and an indirect effect in mitigating the risk of not completing a class or not remaining in college. We estimate the model using rich, student-level administrative data from Colombia, and use the estimates to simulate free college programs that differ in eligibility requirements. Among these, universal free college expands enrollment the most, but it does not affect graduation rates and has the highest per-graduate cost. Performance-based free college, in contrast, delivers a slightly lower enrollment expansion yet a greater graduation rate at a lower per-graduate cost. Relative to universal free college, performance-based free college places a greater risk on students but is precisely this feature that delivers better outcomes. Nonetheless, the modest increase in graduation rates suggests that additional, complementary policies might be required to elicit the large effort increase needed to raise graduation rates.
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Böhm, Franziska, Ingrid Jerve Ramsøy, and Brigitte Suter. Norms and Values in Refugee Resettlement: A Literature Review of Resettlement to the EU. Malmö University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771776.

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As a result of the refugee reception crisis in 2015 the advocacy for increasing resettlement numbers in the overall refugee protection framework has gained momentum, as has research on resettlement to the EU. While the UNHCR purports resettlement as a durable solution for the international protection of refugees, resettlement programmes to the European Union are seen as a pillar of the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies and management. This paper presents and discusses the literature regarding the value transmissions taking place within these programmes. It reviews literature on the European resettlement process – ranging from the selection of refugees to be resettled, the information and training they receive prior to travelling to their new country of residence, their reception upon arrival, their placement and dispersal in the receiving state, as well as programs of private and community sponsorship. The literature shows that even if resettlement can be considered an external dimension of European migration policy, this process does not end at the border. Rather, resettlement entails particular forms of reception, placement and dispersal as well as integration practices that refugees are confronted with once they arrive in their resettlement country. These practices should thus be understood in the context of the resettlement regime as a whole. In this paper we map out where and how values (here understood as ideas about how something should be) and norms (expectations or rules that are socially enforced) are transmitted within this regime. ‘Value transmission’ is here understood in a broad sense, taking into account the values that are directly transmitted through information and education programmes, as well as those informing practices and actors’ decisions. Identifying how norms and values figure in the resettlement regime aid us in further understanding decision making processes, policy making, and the on-the-ground work of practitioners that influence refugees’ lives. An important finding in this literature review is that vulnerability is a central notion in international refugee protection, and even more so in resettlement. Ideas and practices regarding vulnerability are, throughout the resettlement regime, in continuous tension with those of security, integration, and of refugees’ own agency. The literature review and our discussion serve as a point of departure for developing further investigations into the external dimension of value transmission, which in turn can add insights into the role of norms and values in the making and un-making of (external) boundaries/borders.
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Thompson, Marshall, and Ramez Hajj. Flexible Pavement Recycling Techniques: A Summary of Activities. Illinois Center for Transportation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-022.

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Cold in-place recycling (CIR) involves the recycling of the asphalt portions (including hot-mix asphalt and chip, slurry, and cape seals, as well as others) of a flexible or composite pavement with asphalt emulsion or foamed asphalt as the binding agent. Full-depth reclamation (FDR) includes the recycling of the entire depth of the pavement and, in some cases, a portion of the subgrade with asphalt, cement, or lime products as binding agents. Both processes are extensively utilized in Illinois. This project reviewed CIR and FDR projects identified by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) from the Transportation Bulletin and provided comments on pavement designs and special provisions. The researchers evaluated the performance of existing CIR/FDR projects through pavement condition surveys and analysis of falling weight deflectometer data collected by IDOT. They also reviewed CIR/FDR literature and updated/modified (as appropriate) previously provided inputs concerning mix design, testing procedures, thickness design, construction, and performance as well as cold central plant recycling (CCPR) literature related to design and construction. The team monitored the performance of test sections at the National Center for Asphalt Technology and Virginia Department of Transportation. The researchers assisted IDOT in the development of a CCPR special provision as well as responded to IDOT inquiries and questions concerning issues related to CIR, FDR, and CCPR. They attended meetings of IDOT’s FDR with the Cement Working Group and provided input in the development of a special provision for FDR with cement. The project’s activities confirmed that CIR, FDR, and CCPR techniques are successfully utilized in Illinois. Recommendations for improving the above-discussed techniques are provided.
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Boruchowicz, Cynthia, Florencia López Bóo, Benjamin Roseth, and Luis Tejerina. Default Options: A Powerful Behavioral Tool to Increase COVID-19 Contact Tracing App Acceptance in Latin America? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002983.

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Being able to follow the chain of contagion of COVID-19 is important to help save lives and control the epidemic without sustained costly lockdowns. This is especially relevant in Latin America, where economic contractions have already been the largest in the regions history. Given the high rates of transmission of COVID-19, relying only in manual contact tracing might be infeasible. Acceptability and uptake of contact tracing apps with exposure notifications is key for the implementation the “test, trace and treat” triad. In the first study of its kind in Latin America, we find that for a nationally representative sample of 10 countries, an opt-out regime with automatic installation significantly increases the probability of acceptance of such apps in almost 22 p.p. compared to an opt-in regime with voluntary installation. This triples the size and is of opposite sign of the effect found in Europe and the United States. We see that an opt-out regime is more effective in increasing acceptability in South America compared to Central America and Mexico; for those who claim not to trust the national government; and for those who do not use their smartphones for financial transactions. The severity of the pandemic at the place of residence does not seem to affect the effectiveness of the opt-out regime versus an opt-in one, but feeling personally at risk does increase the willingness to accept contact tracing apps with exposure notifications in general. These results can shed light on the use of default options in public health in the context of a pandemic in Latin America.
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DiGrande, Laura, Sue Pedrazzani, Elizabeth Kinyara, Melanie Hymes, Shawn Karns, Donna Rhodes, and Alanna Moshfegh. Field Interviewer– Administered Dietary Recalls in Participants’ Homes: A Feasibility Study Using the US Department of Agriculture’s Automated Multiple-Pass Method. RTI Press, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0045.2105.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of administering the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM), a widely used tool for collecting 24-hour dietary recalls, in participants’ homes by field interviewers. Design: The design included computer-assisted personal interviews led by either a nutritionist (standard) or field interviewer. Portion estimators tested were a set of three-dimensional food models (standard), a two-dimensional food model booklet, or a tablet with digital images rendered via augmented reality. Setting: Residences in central North Carolina. Participants: English-speaking adults. Pregnant women and individuals who were fasting were excluded. Results: Among 133 interviews, most took place in living rooms (52%) or kitchens (22%). Mean interview time was 40 minutes (range 13–90), with no difference by interviewer type or portion estimator, although timing for nutritionist-led interviews declined significantly over the study period. Forty-five percent of participants referenced items from their homes to facilitate recall and portion estimation. Data entry and post-interview coding was evaluated and determined to be consistent with requirements for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Values for the number of food items consumed, food groups, energy intake (average of 3,011 kcal for men and 2,105 kcal for women), and key nutrients were determined to be plausible and within reasonably expected ranges regardless of interviewer type or portion estimator used. Conclusions: AMPM dietary recall interviews conducted in the home are feasible and may be preferable to clinical administration because of comfort and the opportunity for participants to access home items for recall. AMPMs administered by field interviewers using the food model booklet produced credible nutrition data that was comparable to AMPMs administered by nutritionists. Training field interviewers in dietary recall and conducting home interviews may be sensible choices for nutrition studies when response rates and cost are concerns.
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Appleyard, Bruce, Jonathan Stanton, and Chris Allen. Toward a Guide for Smart Mobility Corridors: Frameworks and Tools for Measuring, Understanding, and Realizing Transportation Land Use Coordination. Mineta Transportation Institue, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1805.

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The coordination of transportation and land use (also known as “smart growth”) has been a long-standing goal for planning and engineering professionals, but to this day it remains an elusive concept to realize. Leaving us with this central question -- how can we best achieve transportation and land use coordination at the corridor level? In response, this report provides a review of literature and practice related to sustainability, livability, and equity (SLE) with a focus on corridor-level planning. Using Caltrans’ Corridor Planning Process Guide and Smart Mobility Framework as guideposts, this report also reviews various principles, performance measures, and place typology frameworks, along with current mapping and planning support tools (PSTs). The aim being to serve as a guidebook that agency staff can use for reference, synergizing planning insights from various data sources that had not previously been brought together in a practical frame. With this knowledge and understanding, a key section provides a discussion of tools and metrics and how they can be used in corridor planning. For illustration purposes, this report uses the Smart Mobility Calculator (https://smartmobilitycalculator. netlify.app/), a novel online tool designed to make key data easily available for all stakeholders to make better decisions. For more information on this tool, see https://transweb.sjsu.edu/research/1899-Smart-Growth-Equity-Framework-Tool. The Smart Mobility Calculator is unique in that it incorporates statewide datasets on urban quality and livability which are then communicated through a straightforward visualization planners can readily use. Core sections of this report cover the framework and concepts upon which the Smart Mobility Calculator is built and provides examples of its functionality and implementation capabilities. The Calculator is designed to complement policies to help a variety of agencies (MPOs, DOTs, and local land use authorities) achieve coordination and balance between transportation and land use at the corridor level.
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Hostetler, Steven, Cathy Whitlock, Bryan Shuman, David Liefert, Charles Wolf Drimal, and Scott Bischke. Greater Yellowstone climate assessment: past, present, and future climate change in greater Yellowstone watersheds. Montana State University, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/gyca2021.

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The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) is one of the last remaining large and nearly intact temperate ecosystems on Earth (Reese 1984; NPSa undated). GYA was originally defined in the 1970s as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, which encompassed the minimum range of the grizzly bear (Schullery 1992). The boundary was enlarged through time and now includes about 22 million acres (8.9 million ha) in northwestern Wyoming, south central Montana, and eastern Idaho. Two national parks, five national forests, three wildlife refuges, 20 counties, and state and private lands lie within the GYA boundary. GYA also includes the Wind River Indian Reservation, but the region is the historical home to several Tribal Nations. Federal lands managed by the US Forest Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service amount to about 64% (15.5 million acres [6.27 million ha] or 24,200 square miles [62,700 km2]) of the land within the GYA. The federal lands and their associated wildlife, geologic wonders, and recreational opportunities are considered the GYA’s most valuable economic asset. GYA, and especially the national parks, have long been a place for important scientific discoveries, an inspiration for creativity, and an important national and international stage for fundamental discussions about the interactions of humans and nature (e.g., Keiter and Boyce 1991; Pritchard 1999; Schullery 2004; Quammen 2016). Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872 as the world’s first national park, is the heart of the GYA. Grand Teton National Park, created in 1929 and expanded to its present size in 1950, is located south of Yellowstone National Park1 and is dominated by the rugged Teton Range rising from the valley of Jackson Hole. The Gallatin-Custer, Shoshone, Bridger-Teton, Caribou-Targhee, and Beaverhead-Deerlodge national forests encircle the two national parks and include the highest mountain ranges in the region. The National Elk Refuge, Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge also lie within GYA.
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10

Saldanha, Ian J., Wangnan Cao, Justin M. Broyles, Gaelen P. Adam, Monika Reddy Bhuma, Shivani Mehta, Laura S. Dominici, Andrea L. Pusic, and Ethan M. Balk. Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer245.

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Objectives. This systematic review evaluates breast reconstruction options for women after mastectomy for breast cancer (or breast cancer prophylaxis). We addressed six Key Questions (KQs): (1) implant-based reconstruction (IBR) versus autologous reconstruction (AR), (2) timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, (3) comparisons of implant materials, (4) comparisons of anatomic planes for IBR, (5) use versus nonuse of human acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) during IBR, and (6) comparisons of AR flap types. Data sources and review methods. We searched Medline®, Embase®, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL®, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to March 23, 2021, to identify comparative and single group studies. We extracted study data into the Systematic Review Data Repository Plus (SRDR+). We assessed the risk of bias and evaluated the strength of evidence (SoE) using standard methods. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020193183). Results. We found 8 randomized controlled trials, 83 nonrandomized comparative studies, and 69 single group studies. Risk of bias was moderate to high for most studies. KQ1: Compared with IBR, AR is probably associated with clinically better patient satisfaction with breasts and sexual well-being but comparable general quality of life and psychosocial well-being (moderate SoE, all outcomes). AR probably poses a greater risk of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (moderate SoE), but IBR probably poses a greater risk of reconstructive failure in the long term (1.5 to 4 years) (moderate SoE) and may pose a greater risk of breast seroma (low SoE). KQ 2: Conducting IBR either before or after radiation therapy may result in comparable physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and patient satisfaction with breasts (all low SoE), and probably results in comparable risks of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE). We found no evidence addressing timing of IBR or AR in relation to chemotherapy or timing of AR in relation to radiation therapy. KQ 3: Silicone and saline implants may result in clinically comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence regarding double lumen implants. KQ 4: Whether the implant is placed in the prepectoral or total submuscular plane may not be associated with risk of infections that are not explicitly implant related (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence addressing the comparisons between prepectoral and partial submuscular and between partial and total submuscular planes. KQ 5: The evidence is inconsistent regarding whether human ADM use during IBR impacts physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, or satisfaction with breasts. However, ADM use probably increases the risk of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE) and may increase the risk of infections not explicitly implant related (low SoE). Whether or not ADM is used probably is associated with comparable risks of seroma and unplanned repeat surgeries for revision (moderate SoE for both), and possibly necrosis (low SoE). KQ 6: AR with either transverse rectus abdominis (TRAM) or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but TRAM flaps probably increase the risk of harms to the area of flap harvest (moderate SoE). AR with either DIEP or latissimus dorsi flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but there is insufficient evidence regarding thromboembolic events and no evidence regarding other surgical complications. Conclusion. Evidence regarding surgical breast reconstruction options is largely insufficient or of only low or moderate SoE. New high-quality research is needed, especially for timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, for comparisons of implant materials, and for comparisons of anatomic planes of implant placement.
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