Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Centrala verk'
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Ulfborg, Sjöö Malin. "Behövs en litterär kanon? : Jämförande studie baserad på sju gymnasielärares syn på kanons plats i svenskundervisningen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-40802.
Full textPosé, Guy. "De l’émiettement territorial subi vers une nouvelle fédération des Etats de l’Amérique Centrale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0422/document.
Full textCentral America, made of six Spanish speaking countries and one English speaking country, is the result of the partition of which Spanish crown, during the discoveries, called captainship of Guatemala.The partition into small states allowed an easy foreign influence, particularly from the powerful northern neighbor, until the outburst of civil wars, epitomizing a cold war waged by implementing and building up, in Guatemala, Nicaragua, Salvador, in particular.The thesis makes a panorama of the problematic foreign relations, from independence to the climax period of the eighties, until the end of the cold war. It gives birth to a hypothesis: the creation of a new federation, avoiding the previous failures, to put into potential the economical and human resources, of the states of the area, in order to play as a partner, in international relationships, in spite of undergoing foreign influences
Fonseca, Monique Borges Ramos da. "Aí tá: uma abordagem funcional centrada no uso." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4030.
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A presente dissertação se embasa nos pressupostos teóricos da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso fundamentados por Traugott & Trousdale (2013), Croft (2001) e Goldberg (1995; 2006). O trabalho consiste no levantamento, na descrição e análise do constructo aí tá em textos orais produzidos na sincronia do início do século XX até os anos iniciais do século XXI. Esta dissertação comprova a instanciação da microconstrução aí tá pelo esquema LocVconect estabelecido por Rocha (2016); o estatuto construcional do constructo aí tá, a distinção de suas propriedades formais e funcionais em relação ao constructo aí está e traços de sua função conectora e marcadora do discurso, contribuindo com as pesquisas referentes ao padrão LocV disponíveis na língua portuguesa do Brasil
The present dissertation is based on the theoretical assumptions of Functional Linguistics based on Traugott & Trousdale (2013), Croft (2001) and Goldberg (1995; 2006). The work consists of the raises, the description and the analysis of the construct aí tá in oral texts produced in synchrony corresponds to the beginning of the twentieth century until the early years of the twenty-first century. This dissertation verifying the sanction of the microconstruction in the LocVconect scheme established by Rocha (2016), the constructional status of the construct aí tá, the distinction of its formal and functional properties in relation to the construct aí está and the traces of its connective and discourse-marking function, contributing to the research concerning the scheme LocV available in the Portuguese language of Brazil
Hainque, Elodie. "Transition de poursuite oculaire chez l'homme : vers une compréhension de la constitution d'un modèle interne d'un <>." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066332.
Full textTwo types of eye movements are combined while tracking a moving object: smooth pursuit and saccades. Saccades are rapid redirections of the visual axis between two centers of interest. Because pursuit gain is smaller than one, the eye would increasingly lag behind the target without any correcting movements. Thus, “catch-up saccades” are triggered by the central nervous system (CNS) to cancel this growing position error between the eye and the target. It is widely accepted that an internal model of target motion is used by the CNS to cancel inherent delays between visual input and smooth pursuit motor output, ensuring accurate tracking of moving targets. The amplitude of catch-up saccades triggered during smooth pursuit could be corrected by a delayed sensory signal to account for the ongoing target displacement during catch-up saccades. Yet, recent studies suggested that the correction of catch-up saccade amplitude must also be done through an internal model of target motion. We developed a new paradigm in which the target switches unexpectedly from one target with a non-constant periodic velocity profile to another with a non-constant aperiodic velocity profile. Our results in healthy humans confirm that the CNS uses an internal model of target motion to correct catch-up saccade amplitude. Internal model is being built gradually from 168 ms after the target switch. We show that a common internal model of target motion is shared within the CNS to control smooth pursuit and to correct catch-up saccade amplitude. The potential neuronal substrate of such an internal model will be discussed in the light of the knowledge from the literature on motor and oculomotor control
Becamel, Carine. "Les récepteurs de la sérotonine du groupe 2 : vers le concept de "réceptosome"." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20041.
Full textTorbicka, Kinga. "Vers une nouvelle Europe ? Les systèmes de sécurité en Europe centrale après la chute du rideau de fer." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030056.
Full textThe fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 brought a major change in the global balance of power. After 45 years under an imposed communist regime, the countries of Central Europe regain their freedom and sovereignty. The historically, culturally and geographically homogeneous region (at the same time widely diverse in terms of ethnic and religious structure) “returns to Europe”. In this new scheme of international relations, it faces new challenges: political and economic transformation, a revision of its relations with its most important neighbors (the former USSR, unified Germany and the Commonwealth of Independent States), the choice of a security model for the region (neutrality, collective security, the European or the Euro-Atlantic option). The countries of Central Europe decide to develop cooperation within the regional (the Visegrad Group, the Central European Initiative, the Central European Free Trade Agreement) and the sub-regional (Euroregions) dimension, and to join the most important security organizations in the world (NATO, OSCE, UN, EU) in order to ensure and increase security in the region. As a consequence, their security system is currently based on the North Atlantic Treaty and the Common Security and Defense Policy, and supported by networks of regional cooperation as well as enduring and dependable relations with their neighbors. In light of the dynamics of the security process, these countries must now confront new challenges, which include the missile defense shield, terrorism, energy security and the Kaliningrad problem. The “New Europe” as an equal player on the international stage has become the gauge of security on the European continent
Sillén, Linnea, and Sharareh Pourkaveh. "Två läromedel - ett centralt innehåll och kunskapskrav : En läromedelsanalys av två läromedel i ämnet Svenska." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55178.
Full textLeblanc, David. "Les monocytes CCR7+ comme outil de transport des nanoantirétroviraux vers le système nerveux central." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6774.
Full textLejeune, Elise. "Synthèse, caractérisation et mise en œuvre de copolymères diblocs amphiphiles : vers des assemblages à dynamique stimulable." Le Mans, 2010. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2010/2010LEMA1023.pdf.
Full textAn Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer is a copolymer based on a hydrophobic block and a hydrophilic one. When dissolved in water, the hydrophobic blocks self-assemble within aggregates which can lead to a range of different structures (spheres, cylinders, lamellae). Despite their chemical similarity with molecular surfactants, amphiphilic diblock copolymers behave differently in aqueous solution. They exhibit slower kinetic of exchange between aggregates and non associated chains (unimers) and are mostly described as “frozen” since there is no dynamic equilibrium with the unimers. This has been attributed to the glassy nature of the core in the case of polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid (PS-b-PAA) diblock copolymers for example (TgPS~100°C). However, with a soft hydrophobic block, such as poly(n-butyl acrylate) (TgPnBA~-55°C), the aggregates are also frozen. A key parameter to consider seems to be the interaction parameters ? either between both blocks and/or between the hydrophobic block and the solvent. Indeed, a dynamic exchange of the unimers between aggregates requires the hydrophobic block to go through the hydrophilic corona and then through the aqueous solution. The aim of this work was then to decrease this interaction parameter to transform frozen aggregates into dynamic ones. Our strategy was to incorporate hydrophilic units into the hydrophobic block in a controlled manner and to study the consequences on the self-assembling properties of the diblocks. We worked with P(nBA)-b-PAA block copolymers in which we incorporated AA units in the PnBA block. The synthesis of those copolymers was achieved by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) in 3 steps: first nBA and tBA were copolymerized to lead to a macroinitiator which was then engaged in a second polymerization to form a PtBA block. Finally the AA units were obtained by a selective acidolysis of the tBA units to obtain P(nBA-co-AA)-b-PAA copolymers. Secondly, the organization of the diblocks was studied in bulk using DSC measurement and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Then, the influence of an external stimulus, the ionization degree of the AA units, was studied. Titration experiments were performed to verify that all the AA units could be ionized, including those contained in the moderately hydrophobic P(nBA-co-AA) block. Finally, we studied the influence of different parameters such as the chemical structure, the pH and the ionic strength, on the self-assembly of those copolymers in aqueous solution. We used different techniques, especially light scattering (LS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), to determine whether the aggregates are dynamic or not
De, Clercq Charles. "Vers une classification des décompositions motiviques d'espaces homogènes." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653272.
Full textDianga, Nganzi Jean Pierre Pedro. "Le droit du marché en zone de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (C. E. M. A. C) : du droit national du Gabon vers le droit communautaire." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10008.
Full textKatsimpris, Ioannis-Eleftherios. "Choriorétinopathie séreuse centrale : étude de l'évolution à long terme au moyen de l'angiographie au vert d'indocyanine /." Genève : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2006/KatsimprisI-E/these.pdf.
Full textRiehmer, Vera [Verfasser]. "Genome-wide screening methods in tumors of the central nervous system and cancer predisposition / Vera Riehmer." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054691770/34.
Full textDeimerly, Yannick. "Vers des centrales inertielles compactes basées sur des nanojauges piezorésistives : problématique de co-intégration." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1082/document.
Full textThis thesis was carried out in an industrial context of strong competition in connection with miniature silicon sensors for the huge so-called “consumer” market, where the “Smartphone” is the killer application; its increasing functionality creates a need for the so-called ‘10-axis' inertial multi-sensors (3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis magnetometer, 3-axis gyro sensor and pressure). Similarly to integrated circuits, cost constraints on such sensors translate into a requirement in terms of integration density. The M & NEMS (Micro- & Nano- Electro-Mechanical-Systems) technology has been developed to meet this expectation. It is based on the integration of nanoscale (~ 250 nm) strain gauges together with micrometric electromechanical structures, which ensure unrivaled compactness, paving the way for the co-integration of multiple inertial sensors on the same silicon chip. However, the different nature of the physical quantities to be measured imposes additional constraints, sometimes conflicting, which leads to a difficult co-integration. Based on this observation, we have explored and developed solutions to allow operation under the same ambient pressure, of accelerometers together with Coriolis force based gyroscopes. This issue of co-integration extends beyond the accelerometer-gyroscope couple. Issues inherent to the pressure sensor and to the 3-axis accelerometer measurements, are also addressed in this thesis
Axyonova, Vera [Verfasser], Anne Herausgeber] Honer, Volker [Herausgeber] Hinnenkamp, Gudrun [Herausgeber] [Hentges, and Hans-Wolfgang [Herausgeber] Platzer. "The European Union’s Democratization Policy for Central Asia : Failed in Success or Succeeded in Failure? / Vera Axyonova." Stuttgart : ibidem, 2014. http://d-nb.info/107314884X/34.
Full textBryche, Bertrand. "Caractérisation des défenses immunitaires de la muqueuse olfactive, porte d’entrée de virus vers le système nerveux central." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA024.
Full textThe central nervous system is sheltered from the environment thanks to cranial bones and the blood brain barrier. Some parts of these barriers are weaker, especially around olfactory nerves originating from olfactory sensory neurons in the nasal cavity. These neurons detect odorants and their axons cross the cribriform plate to project directly into the brain at the level of the olfactory bulbs. The cribriform plate is a thin and perforated area of the cranial bones allowing the crossing of the olfactory nerves. This “olfactory pathway” constitutes a privileged entry site for viruses toward the central nervous system. Hence, the olfactory mucosa represents a particularly sensitive area for the immune system. While the olfactory mucosa is known to produce various anti-microbial compounds, the described molecular and cellular mechanism of immune system defenses against viruses remains sparse.The interleukin 17c (IL-17c) is known as an innate immunity response actor in the respiratory epithelium. While its receptors are expressed in the olfactory mucosa, its role in this tissue was unknown. We found that IL-17c is involved in olfactory mucosa responses to Poly(I:C) mimicking virus presence. We observed that nasal instillation of IL-17c accelerated the olfactory mucosa turn-over and induced its infiltration by immune cells. In attempt to characterize the role of IL-17c in a real viral context, we started to focus on the impact of two viruses of the respiratory tract: influenza and the respiratory syncytial virus. We observed that both viruses could effectively infect olfactory sensory neurons but with a higher virus load for influenza. Indeed, at similar doses, influenza induced important damages in the olfactory mucosa but was not present, indicating that influenza virus is very effectively and rapidly eliminated from the olfactory mucosa. By focusing on the elimination processes of infected olfactory sensory neurons, we identified a novel early anti-viral mechanism based on elastase, an enzyme previously described as secreted by neutrophils, main actors of the innate immunity system.Overall, my PhD results provide new insights on the immune defenses present in the olfactory mucosa against respiratory viruses and could bring new perspectives in the control of virus infecting the central nervous system
Rousseleau, Raphaël. "Vers une ethnohistoire des relations "tribus"-royaumes en Inde Centrale : les institutions politico-rituelles des Joria Poraja (Orissa)." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0186.
Full textThe thesis begins with a critical review of the main works related to the "tribes" in India, generally contrasted with the "hindu casts". Agianst the essentialist perspective on "tribes" as culturally isolated and without history, we try to reconstruct the social and historical context of agricultural communities organised on the basis of lineages living in South Orossa (Centre-East of India), especially the so-called Joria Poraja. The study of the ancient local kingdom's organisation, through field enquiries and studies in archives and inscriptions, as well as through the Joria village institutions show that those institutions are deeply informed by old royal politico-ritual structures, nevertheless adapted to their micro-local context. The end of the work is lastly devoted to comparative perspectives
Queiroz, Marcos Aurelio Campos de. "Repensando o Empreendedorismo: Necessidade ou voca??o? Uma an?lise a partir do Cadastro Central de Empresas do IBGE." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/927.
Full textThis work aims to study legal entities with up to four professionals, located in Downtown Rio de Janeiro, and acting at four services segments selected in the Economic Activities National Classification (CNAE): Financial Intermediation, Computing Activities and Related Services, Services Specially Rendered to Other Enterprises and Recreative, Cultural and Sportive Activities. The research characterizes the profile of these legal entities, observing their dynamics and acting logics, from the reporting supplied by the Central Register of Enterprises (CEMPRE) of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The random stratified sampling was selected by Excel for Windows software, and a questionnaire was elaborated to collect data so as to register the opening reasons of these legal entities, experience level of consulted professionals, business maintenance difficulties, means of rendering services, type of clients and professional performance motivation in the near future. The study shows the context of the recent economics trajectory of Rio de Janeiro, discusses the changes in the labor market which resulted in job offer decrease, the service sector characteristics and their importance in the contemporary world, entrepreneurship characteristics, the importance of very small and small businesses and the opening of legal entities as an alternative for professional performance. From the assessment of the data acquired through the research questionnaire and observations done during the investigation, there is a descriptive analysis of the present reality of each of the four researched services segments, and the motivation behind the opening of legal entities and their maintenance, either as a result of entrepreneurship spirit of the professionals and/or their adaptation to the present reality of the labor market. The study reveals a high instability of the researched legal entities, indicating that the high number of new units opening as a result of the involved professional's entrepreneurship spirit, as an adapting movement of these professionals to the scarcity of formal labor market vacancy, which has been accentuated in the last years. It has been noticed that the opening of legal entities is a means used by entrepreneurs in order to legalize their activities and to act in the formal economy, which confirms the predominance of the so-called entrepreneurship by necessity , as it is the most common modality of entrepreneurship in Brazil.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as pessoas jur?dicas com at? quatro profissionais, localizadas no Centro do munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro e atuantes em quatro segmentos de servi?os selecionados na Classifica??o Nacional de Atividades Econ?micas (CNAE): Intermedia??o Financeira, Atividades de Inform?tica e Servi?os Relacionados, Servi?os Prestados Principalmente ?s Empresas e Atividades Recreativas, Culturais e Desportivas. A pesquisa caracteriza o perfil destas pessoas jur?dicas, observando sua din?mica e l?gica de funcionamento, a partir da rela??o fornecida pelo Cadastro Central de Empresas (CEMPRE) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE). A amostra aleat?ria estratificada foi selecionada atrav?s do software Excel for Windows, e para a coleta de dados foi elaborado um question?rio, visando o registro dos motivos de abertura das pessoas jur?dicas, o n?vel de experi?ncia dos profissionais consultados, dificuldade de manuten??o do neg?cio, meios utilizados de presta??o de servi?os, o tipo de clientes e a motiva??o para atua??o profissional no futuro pr?ximo. O estudo contextualiza a trajet?ria econ?mica recente do Rio de Janeiro, discute as altera??es ocorridas no mercado de trabalho que resultaram na diminui??o da oferta de empregos, as caracter?sticas do setor de servi?os e sua import?ncia no mundo contempor?neo, as caracter?sticas do empreendedorismo, a import?ncia das micro e pequenas empresas e abertura de pessoas jur?dicas enquanto alternativa para atua??o profissional. A partir do processamento dos dados coletados por meio do question?rio de pesquisa e de constata??es feitas durante o trabalho de pesquisa, ? apresentada uma an?lise descritiva da realidade atual de cada um dos quatro segmentos de servi?os pesquisados, e discutida a motiva??o para abertura e manuten??o das pessoas jur?dicas, seja por esp?rito empreendedor destes profissionais e/ou por adapta??o ? realidade atual do mercado de trabalho. O estudo revela uma elevada instabilidade das pessoas jur?dicas pesquisadas, indicando que o elevado n?mero de abertura de novas unidades ? resultado tanto do esp?rito empreendedor dos profissionais envolvidos, quanto de um movimento de adapta??o destes profissionais ? escassez de vagas no mercado de trabalho formal, que tem se acentuado nos ?ltimos anos. Foi observado que a abertura de pessoas jur?dicas ? um recurso utilizado para atua??o dos empreendedores no sentido de legalizar suas atividades e atuar na economia formal, sendo confirmada a predomin?ncia do chamado empreendedorismo por necessidade , tal qual ? a modalidade de empreendedorismo mais comum no Brasil.
Krishnakumar, M., S. Sreelal, T. V. Narayana, P. Anguswamy, and U. S. Singh. "Field Programmable Gate Array Based Miniaturised Central Controller for a Decentralised Base-Band Telemetry System for Satellite Launch Vehicles." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611604.
Full textThe Central Control Unit (CCU) for a decentralised on-board base-band telemetry system is designed for use in launch vehicle missions of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). This new design is a highly improved and miniaturised version of an earlier design. The major design highlights are as follows: usage of CMOS Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices in place of LS TTL devices, high level user programmability of TM format using EEPROMs, usage of high density memory for on-board data storage and delayed data transmission, HMC based pre-modulation filter and final output driver etc. The entire system is realised on a single 6 layer MLB and is packaged on a stackable modular frame. This design has resulted in a 1:4 reduction in weight, 1:4 reduction in volume, 1:5 reduction in power consumption and 1:3 reduction in height in addition to drastic reduction of part diversity and solder joints and thus greatly increased reliability. This paper discusses the design approach, implementation details, tools used, simulations carried out and the results of detailed qualification tests done on the realised qualification model.
Richardson, Sylvia. "Processus spatialement dépendants : convergence vers la normalité, tests d'association et applications." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112281.
Full textThe first part of this thesis is concerned with the study of ergodic properties of stopping time transformations, Tv where T is an automorphism and v a transformation with values in Z. The demonstrations use cutting and stacking methods. Results when T is Bernoulli have been published in Z. Warhs. Verv. (vol 48, 1979, with K. M. Wilkinson) and density results when T is ergodic in the Proc. London Math. Soc (vol 43, 1981). The second part of this thesis is composed of several papers, in probability and in statistics, about spatial processes and the testing of association. A first paper, published in J. A. P. (vol 18, 1981 with D. Hémon) derives the asymptotic variance of the correlation coefficient between two independent lattice processes. The speed of convergence in the Central Limit Theorem for weakly dependent processes in zd is the subject of the second paper (published in Z. Warhs. Verw (vol 66, 1984, with X. Guyon). The speed is dependent on the dimension d, on moments conditions and on mixing conditions. The development of tests of association between spatial processes having a controlled Type I error form the statistical part of this thesis. These tests were proposed in a paper published in Biometries (vol 45, 1989, with P. Clifford and D. Hémon). Their power and an extension to the testing of partial correlations was further studied (to appear in Statistics in Medecine). The applications discussed concern the field of geographical correlations in epidemiology (Int J. Epidemiol vol 16, 1987, with I. Stücker and D. Hémon)
Sebih, Fatiha. "La théanine et ses dérivés : synthèse stéréosélective et évaluation biologique sur la synapse glutamatergique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20204.
Full textL-Theanine (5-N-L-ethylglutamine) which is an amino acid found in green tea, it has a structure similar to that of glutamic acid. L-theanine has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier in addition to its physiological and pharmacological activities.Given the importance of this molecule as essential for the investigation of physiological roles of CNS tools, we synthesized the enantiomerically pure theanine (L and D). A serie of 5-N-substituted theanine were also synthesized. In order to broaden the range of applications of theanine, we synthesized dipeptides containing Theanine for the purpose of obtaining products that have biological significance. The regio and stereoselectively synthesized analogs of L-theanine in the 4-position substituted with an aryl group has been developed to be tested at the level of glutamate receptors.The results of biological tests, using calcium imaging technique, show that theanine with its two enantiomers (D and L) has an agonistic effect vis-à-vis the NMDA receptors and that this effect was much greater with the enantiomer (D). Among the 5-N-alkylated analogs of theanine which they had only an agonistic effect on the NMDA receptor, 5-N-Propyl-Gln (L and D) has activity as an agonist much larger than the theanine and no effects were scored on AMPA receptors and metabotropic. L-theanine and its derivatives could be interesting structures to develop new pharmacological tools to study glutamate receptors (metabotropic and / or ionotropic)
Monnier, Batto Anne-Françoise. "Relation Métabolisme Central Carboné et réplication de l’ADN : vers l’identification d’un réseau complexe de communication chez la bactérie Bacillus subtilis." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES005.
Full textTo survive and to grow in optimal fashion, cells have developed systems of regulation which allow to adjust the activity of principal biological functions (replication, transcription and translation) to the richness of the environment (Bremer et Dennis 1987). In this thesis, we are interested about the regulation of replication in the bacteria Bacillus subtilis. The actors and the mechanisms of this regulation are unknown. But, in Bacillus subtilis, we identified some possible signalization pathways: the bottom of glycolysis and certain replication enzymes (Jannière et al. 2007, PLoS ONE. 2 :e447) and we showed that the link between the central carbon metabolism and replication is independent of the ppGpp. In parallel, we have developed a new method for studying the DNA replication. This method, which is based on imaging using a NanoSIMS 50, allows the detection and the precise quantification of combed DNA. This method promises to give new insight into the interactions of the link between CCM and replication
Byam, Paul C. "New wine in a very old bottle, Canadian Protestant missionaries as facilitators of development in Central Angola, 1886-1961." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28328.pdf.
Full textMagalh?es, Rodrigo Santos. "A rela??o forma e significado em vers?es da B?blia." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20277.
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Este trabalho analisa textos de duas vers?es distintas da B?blia da vertente protestante, a saber: a Almeida, Revista e Corrigida (ARC) e a Nova Tradu??o na Linguagem de Hoje (NTLH). Nesse sentido, investiga as configura??es lingu?stico-textuais dessas vers?es, com o objetivo de identificar diferen?as consider?veis entre elas e implica??es na atribui??o de sentido de uma e de outra. A B?blia ? um livro com influ?ncia hist?rica e sua import?ncia n?o se limita somente ? esfera religiosa, sendo tamb?m considerada, por muitos, como uma obra de alto valor liter?rio. Ela continua em plena e ampla circula??o no contexto hist?rico-religioso-cultural do mundo de hoje. Al?m disso, esse livro re?ne aspectos discursivos e lingu?stico-textuais importantes a serem investigados, especialmente, se considerado o fato de podermos confrontar suas diferentes tradu??es. Das duas vers?es b?blicas (ARC e NTLH), interessam-nos particularmente tr?s g?neros discursivos distintos (poema, par?bola e ep?stola), sendo cinco textos de cada vers?o, o que resulta num total de dez textos. A esse respeito, consideramos, ainda, as variadas sequ?ncias tipol?gicas envolvidas na organiza??o dos g?neros discursivos selecionados, observando se a predomin?ncia de uma dessas sequ?ncias implica maior ou menor facilidade/dificuldade de compreens?o. Utilizamos, tamb?m, como suporte de an?lise, protocolos de leitura de informantes diversificados, levando em considera??o o credo religioso, o grau de escolaridade e a faixa et?ria, a fim de verificar se as diferen?as formais dos textos escolhidos e o perfil social dos leitores motivam poss?veis altera??es no processo de compreens?o textual. Para a realiza??o da an?lise, tomamos como suporte te?rico-metodol?gico a Lingu?stica Funcional Centrada no Uso (ou Lingu?stica Cognitivo-Funcional), a qual aglutina contribui??es da tradi??o funcionalista norte-americana e da Lingu?stica Cognitiva.
This paper analyses the texts of two distinct versions of the protestant Bible, namely: Almeida, Revista e Corrigida (ARC) and Nova Tradu??o na Linguagem de Hoje (NTLH). In this sense, it investigates the linguistic-textual configurations of such versions with the aim of identifying relevant differences between them and the implications for attribution of meaning between the first and the latter. The Bible is a book of historic influence and its importance is not limited only to the religious realm, but is also considered by many as a work of high literary value. It currently remains in full and wide circulation in the historic, religious and cultural contexts. Furthermore, this book gathers important discursive and textual-linguistic aspects worthy of investigation, especially, if the fact of contrasting its different versions is considered. From the two biblical versions (ARC and NTLH), three distinct discursive genres are of interest (poem, parable and epistle), with five texts from each version, resulting in a total of ten texts. In this sense, we are also interested in the various typological sequences involved in the organization of the discursive genres selected, observing if the predominance of such sequences implies in greater or lesser facility/difficulty of comprehension. We also utilized as a support for analysis the reading protocols of diverse informants, taking into consideration the religious beliefs, the level of education and age, with an aim to verify if the formal differences of the selected texts and the social profile of readers could cause possible changes to the process of text comprehension. To carry out the analysis, we used Usage-Based Linguistics (or Cognitive-Functional Linguistics) as a theoreticalmethodological support, which encompasses contributions from the North American functional tradition and cognitive linguistics.
Minovez, Jean-Michel. "Dynamisme et atonie des prépyrénées centrales et de leur avant-pays : de la protoindustrialisation à la pastoralisation dans le haut-bassin de la Garonne vers 1661-vers 1914." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20083.
Full textThe central fore-pyrenees and their tectonic fore are a geographical zone with numerous populations who had few resources at their disposal in the xviith century. By 1720 the population increased whereas the landed property concentration went on. As the peasant's lot was becoming more and more precarious, a part of the century folk looked for complementary means of support in the seasonal activity of cloth manufacturing. So they took part in the protoindustrial growth which developed according to divergent chronologies in accordance with the concerned places (early in "comminges" and "nebouzan", late in "volvestre", non existent in the "pays de foix", the poorest and most over populated part of that area). That growth stopped during the first decenniums of the xixth century. The moderate growth of agriculture, of industrial activities and of the production of local handicrafts could not supply the resources required for the mainten ance of a population who had become plethoric. In the second half of the xixth century, the rural world lost its populat then, country-folk lived better since they could take advantage of the improvement of medicine and sanitation as well as of the moderate growth of agriculture which went on. At the end of the xixth century, the upper part of the drainage basin of the garonne river seemed to be asleep. It only had a moderate growth whereas the north and east of france were full in the middle of industrial development. That apathy is mostly due to the wish of the social elites to perpetuate a pattern of legitimation of the elites founded on t he possession of landed property. However this deliberate choice does not exclude adjustments in the constitution of the patrimony, and in the partial redeployment of the activities of the middle-classes of the "midi toulousain" which show t hat they have not stood stock-still but have relied on another type of growth which was not the one of capitalist indust
Aralova, Dildora, Kristina Toderich, Ben Jarihani, Dilshod Gafurov, and Liliya Gismatulina. "Monitoring of vegetation condition using the NDVI/ENSO anomalies in Central Asia and their relationships with ONI (very strong) phases." SPIE, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34865.
Full textMikaeloff, Yann. "Atteintes démyélinisantes aigües inflammatoies du système nerveux central chez l'enfant : facteurs pronostiques d'évolution vers la sclérose en plaques et le handicap." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10053.
Full textCheval-Garabedian, Florent. "Les minéralisations à Sb et Au tardi-varisques : vers un modèle génétique unifié ? : Exemples du Massif armoricain et du Massif central." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3097.
Full textThe French Variscan domains, particularly the Armorican Massif and the Central Massif, contain most of the antimony vein ore deposits. Despite their intense exploitation, there is no consensus on their general metallogenic model and on the relationships between antimony and gold remains unclear. This studyfocuses on 4 districts: i) la Bellière, ii) Vendée, iii) la Lucette, in the Armorican Massif, and, iv) Brioude-Massiac district in the Central Massif to compare with the Armorican Massif. Our results show that antimony ore deposits studied are very similar to each other with a shallow depth formation (<5 km), and an evolutionin 2 stages: i) an early one with arsenopyrite formed between 350-280°C, formed by metamorphic aquocarbonic fluids, ii) a late one with stibnite-gold between 120-200°C formed in response to a temperature drop due to arrival in the system of low-salinity meteoric water. All antimony and antimony-gold ore deposits have"invisible" gold trapped in arsenopyrites (and berthierite?), and/or native gold with stibnite. This native gold is responsible for high grade ore, and is largely due to reconcentration processes (la Lucette). At the scale of the Armorican Massif, the Sb ore is structurally controlled by large crustal-scale dextral strike-slip faults thatdrain fluids during the late-Variscan period, around 310-300 Ma. This chronological setting is confirmed by U-Pb dating by LA-ICP-MS on the apatites of la Lucette deposit. They are younger than the "orogenic gold" mineralization formation in the Armorican Massif (le Bellière) set-up between 340-325 Ma, but coeval withthe "or 300" event in the Central Massif. We propose that all antimony ore deposits can be grouped in the "epizonal" subtype of the "orogenic gold" model
Melo, Sara Azevedo Santos de. "Padr?es de estrutura argumental com os verbos de percep??o ver e olhar." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22551.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho consiste em analisar os padr?es de estrutura argumental em que os verbos de percep??o ver e olhar podem ocorrer. Objetiva-se, especificamente, examinar a configura??o argumental desses verbos, agrupando-os pelo tipo de estrutura argumental que manifestam, determinar os casos sem?nticos dos argumentos expressos na ora??o, analisar aspectos morfossint?ticos e discursivo-pragm?ticos desses argumentos e verificar se h? rela??o entre um dado tipo de estrutura argumental e tipo textual. Quanto aos procedimentos metodol?gicos, o trabalho envolve tanto aspectos quantitativos (relativos ? frequ?ncia de uso dos padr?es identificados) quanto qualitativos (relacionados ?s motiva??es cognitivas e discursivo-pragm?ticas implicadas no uso). Os bancos de dados tomados como fonte para an?lise s?o o Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica: a l?ngua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998) e o Banco Conversacional de Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 2011). A pesquisa fundamenta-se nos pressupostos defendidos pela Lingu?stica Funcional Centrada no Uso (LFCU), conforme Furtado da Cunha, Bispo e Silva (2013), agregando contribui??es da tend?ncia Cognitivo-funcional, defendida por Tomasello (1998). Ap?s an?lise dos resultados, verificou-se que o verbo ver parece ser o mais protot?pico ? tanto na escrita quanto na oralidade ? por apresentar maior frequ?ncia e por ser empregado em v?rios contextos, provavelmente porque a vis?o ? o sentido mais b?sico do ser humano. Olhar, por sua vez, apareceu em uma quantidade menor de ocorr?ncias, dependendo do sentido empregado, o que pode tamb?m caracterizar apenas uma prefer?ncia do falante. Constatou-se, assim, que, apesar de n?o haver diferen?as na escolha entre um e outro verbo, h? diverg?ncias entre fala e escrita, ou seja, os verbos de percep??o em estudo formam um grupo heterog?neo.
This work consists of analyzing the argument structure patterns in which the perception verbs ver and olhar in portuguese may occur. Aim to specifically examine the argument configuration of verbs, grouping them by type of argument structure that manifest, determine the semantic cases of arguments expressed in sentence, analyzing morphosyntactic and discursive-pragmatic aspects of these arguments and verify if there is a relationship between a given type of argument structure and textual type. As the methodological procedures, the work involves both quantitative (relating to frequency of use of the identified standards) and qualitative aspects (related to cognitive and discursive-pragmatic motivations involved in use). Databases taken as a source for analysis are the Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica: a l?ngua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998) and the Banco Conversacional de Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 2011). The research is based on the assumptions upheld by the Usage-based Functional Linguistics (LFCU), as Furtado da Cunha, Bispo and Silva (2013), adding contributions from Cognitive-functional trend, defended by Tomasello (1998). After preliminary analysis of the results, it was found that the verb ver (see) seems to be the most prototypical ? both in writing and in oral ? due to present more often and be used in various contexts, probably because the view is the most basic sense of the human being. Olhar (look), in turn, appeared in a smaller number of occurrences, depending on the meaning employed, which may also characterize one speaker preference. It was found, therefore, that although there are no differences in the choice between one verb and another, there are differences between speech and writing, in other words the perception verbs forms a heterogeneous group.
Vandame, Delphine. "Comparaisons des propriétés pharmacologiques du GK11 et du MK801, deux antagonistes des récepteurs NMDA : vers une meilleure compréhension de la moindre neurotoxicité de GK11." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON13515.
Full textQuinonero, Ophélie. "Synthèse organocatalysée énantiosélective de 4-arylpyridines atropoisomères par conversion de chiralité centrale à axiale : application vers la synthèse totale de la streptonigrine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4350.
Full textThis work focused on the development of central-to-axial chirality conversion methodology for the synthesis of 4-arylpyridine atropisomers, and its application in total synthesis. In the first place, synthetic methodology was optimised for the synthesis of enantioenriched and hindered 1,4-dihydropyridines. At this point, the challenge was to find the right compromise between selectivity and reactivity to get enantioenriched dihydropyridines with sufficient bulkiness around the C4 position, for formation of stable 4-arylpyridine atropisomers after conversion of the chiral center (C4) to a chiral axis. A detailed screen was performed to find the optimal oxidation conditions leading to moderate to full chirality conversion. Based on this strategy, the total synthesis of (+)-streptonigrin, a natural product containing a 4-arylpyridine framework, was planned following two main pathways using organocatalytic transformations as key steps
Leroy, Frédéric. "Diffusion centrale des rayons X en incidence rasante appliquée à l'étude in situ de la croissance de nanostructures : Vers la croissance auto-organisée." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007372.
Full textAragón, Argán. "Migrations clandestines d'Amérique centrale vers les Etats-Unis : Actions en réseau et mobilité dans l'adversité en une ère de flux et de frontières." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030095.
Full textThis thesis addresses the effects of the conflict between migration dynamics and the dynamics of border enforcement. The study focuses on the flow of Central American migrants heading to the United States. This flow follows a system of borders formed by a buffer zone throughout Mexican territory and a strip of land erected as a high-tech rampart on the southern border of the United States. Across this immense space, the border has created margins that migrants try to circumvent by entering an underground economy structured around the abuse on clandestine migrants in transit. The analysis of the migratory system of a village in Guatemalan highlands shows how the migration flow persists, despite the border, through the action in network of migrants. The comparison of about thirty experiences of men and women in clandestine movements reveals that the border affects the various actors in specific ways, depending on their gender as well as their social, economic and mobility resources. Migrants experience the border as a space of adversity to which they must constantly adapt to, by assuming it integrally, in order to be able to continue their journey to the place they imagine northward. This work, based on field investigations conducted between 2005 and 20012 during different stages of the migratory process (e.g. in places of origin, transit and destination) seeks to illustrate how a migration flow and its actors react to a contemporary system of borders
Deguine, Jean-Philippe. "Bioécologie et épidémiologie du puceron aphis gossypii glover, 1877 (hemiptera, aphididae) sur cotonnier en Afrique centrale. Vers une évolution de la protection phytonanitaire." Montpellier, ENSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENSA0001.
Full textBLANOT, FRANCOIS. "Vers le clonage du recepteur gaba/benzodiazepine : apport de l'electrophysiologie et de la biologie moleculaire." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066701.
Full textAlleaume-Butaux, Aurélie. "Des maladies à prions à la maladie d'Alzheimer : vers l'identification de mécanismes communs de neurodégénérescence." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB100.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Kugler, Jean. "Approche méthodologique pour la modélisation du transfert des nitrates vers la nappe phréatique d'Alsace cas de la zône inondable du Ried Central de l'Ill /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614808h.
Full textZoa, Zoa Joseph Yves. "Les migrations interterritoriales des plaines du Logone vers le bassin sucrier de Mbandjock-Nkoteng dans le Cameroun central : des impératifs économiques à l'intégration nationale." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30090.
Full textAmong the key characteristics of the majority of present-day human groups, regardless of their size, permanence, or organization, is their great ability to move from one place to another in variable proportions. It is in such a context that were created in Cameroon, strong links between northern savannas, homeland of millet, cotton and bovine, and the southern forests, sheltering cocoa, banana, wood, corn and cassava. Northern savannas, over-populated Logone territories formed the ‘full ones” while the southernmost savannas, under-populated Mbandjock – Nkoteng territories were described as “vacuums”. This concerns mainly inter-territory migrations carried out since 1964 by the populations originating from the Logone plains moving towards Sanaga valley, in the locality of Mbandjock-Nkoteng. This place witnesses a transition between the forest and the savanna, with an average of 2 inhabitants per Km2, all from the Vute tribal group and their relatives. It is in this territory that Cameroon sugar refineries were established and have attracted successive immigration waves amounting approximately ten thousand migrants whose contribution was considerable in the development of SOSUCAM agro-sugar refineries on one hand and of social changes on the other hand. Given its transitory character, this territory offered to new comers some ecological features of their native place, and this contributed to facilitate their lasting settlement. The process of final settlement that immigrants descendants have now completed was launched in 1985, when the sugar refineries put an end to the planned and organized migrations that they initiated in 1964. The space inscription of the urban phenomenon has become more visible with the multiplication of collective management services while some ignored geographical facts have appeared, including national integration. Thanks to their permanent settlement, migrants changed their status and now define themselves as originating from the Mbandjock-Nkoteng sugar basin. The identity and social boundaries are broken by both human groups triggering the inter-territory’s dilution into the national territory
Kugler, Jean. "Approche methodologie pour la modelisation du transfert des nitrates vers la nappe phreatique d'alsace. Cas de la zone inondable du ried central de l'ill." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR1D249.
Full textLabussière, Olivier. "Le défi esthétique en aménagement : vers une prospective du milieu : le cas des lignes très haute tension (Lot) et des parcs éoliens (Aveyron et Aude)." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU1005.
Full textThis thesis examines to what extent the aesthetic issue- easily reduced to a form of convenient protest - could be a favourable basis for land-planners to take “milieu” into serious account. In a first part, through the works of Kant, we assert that aesthetic strategies modify the various ways of apprehending “milieu” and allow it to be taken into account by land-planners. Rather than the concept of controversy, that of disagreement - suggested by J. Ranciere - is privileged to set off the consistency of such an approach. Through the opposition to the VHV project in Quercy Blanc, it appears that with the help of aesthetic strategies, the qualities of the “milieu” are better acknowledged by land-planning but they come up against the normative contents of its project methods. Are we prisoners of a huge gap between the aesthetic reading of “milieu” and the normative world of action ? In a second part, we assert that land-planning can take advantage of “milieu”, provided that a prospective method may be found to consider the latter as a potential. Deleuzian symptomatology supports a new approach to land-planning - not as a normative and anticipating capacity to define things but as the art of experimenting new modes of life. By studying two examples of windplanning projects (Aveyron and Aude), one can state that - although landplanners regard “milieu” as a means of carrying out projects in a practical way - they do not have such a good command of the windturbine develt. Reciprocally we have brought to light that a prospective method of analysing “milieu”, based on a multi-scalar approach and a non- determining cartographic semiology , gives a more efficient basis to wind-planning
Le, Gouz de Saint-Seine Sylviane. "La Banque d'Angleterre : la route erratique vers l'indépendance (1977-2007)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA005.
Full textCentral bank independence, a leading theme among economists and macro-economic executives during the last quarter of the 20th century, was slow to materialize in the U.K.: only in 1997 was the Bank of England, one of the world's oldest and most prestigious central banks, granted the right to set monetary policy without interference from the government. The genesis of this reform gives a precious insight into the British political and economic system, its transformations and the foreign influences that brought them along: The U.S. played a key role in that process. The BoE independence embodies the demise of the macro-economic consensus that reigned supreme in Keynes' motherland since the end of World War II: it sealed a change in economic priorities that made inflation the No1 enemy. This required an aggiornamento within leading political parties, whether Conservative or Labour. The other obstacle on the way to an independent Bank of England was institutional, as such a reform clashed with the supremacy of the Westminster Parliament. New Labour, which set the Bank of England free, displayed much skill in clearing that hurdle, while making that reform the symbol of its new economic credibility
Farreny, Marie-Amélie. "Détermination des précurseurs des oligodendrocytes dans la moelle épinière embryonnaire ventrale : rôles des FGFs dans la modulation du signal Shh et l'engagement des progéniteurs Olig2 vers un destin glial." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2610/.
Full textThe vertebrate central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and the spinal cord), is composed of a large diversity of cells with highly specific functions. Neurons and glial cells are the two major classes of cells in this tissue. The neural tube, the embryonic draft of the CNS, is segmented into distinct domains of immature cells, named the neural progenitors. Each of these domains is dedicated to generate a particular neuronal or glial cell population such as oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the CNS. The embryonic spinal cord serves as a good model for studying the development of these glial cells, whose spatial and temporal origin is well described. In this tissue, most of oligodendrocytes differentiate from a subset of neural progenitors localized in the ventral region and characterized by the expression of the transcription factor Olig2. Interestingly, these progenitors generate all of the motorneurons during the first steps of development; they further change their fate and produce oligodendrocytes. A rise in the activity of the morphogen factor Sonic hedgehog (Shh) on Olig2 progenitors induces oligodendrocyte development and stop motorneuron generation. However, this factor plays also a role in motorneurons induction at early stages ofdevelopment and cannot therefore be considered as a specific factor of oligodendrocyte induction raising the possibility that other signaling pathways could be involved, notably FGFs (Fibroblast Growth Factors), known to induce a second wave of oligodendrogenesis during fetal stages. Our work evidenced that the expression of FGFs receptors as well as up-regulation of FGF target genes in ventral neural progenitors was spatially and temporally correlated with the onset of oligodendrocyte generation. Functional analysis based on organotypic cultures of embryonic chicken spinal cords, showed that treatments with specific pharmacological inhibitors of FGF receptors are sufficient to inhibit oligodendrocyte production from Olig2 progenitors. Similar results were obtained following overexpression of a dominant-negative form of FGF receptors truncated from its intracellular domain. Conversely, activation of the FGF signaling pathway through overexpression of the FGF8 ligand is sufficient to stimulate oligodendrocyte generation from Olig2 progenitors. Finally, our work showed that FGFs stimulate oligodendrocyte differentiation both indirectly, by positively regulating the synthesis of Shh, and directly by targeting Olig2 progenitors. Hence, my PhD work evidences a major role of FGFs in initiating oligodendrocyte generation in the embryonic ventral spinal cord and highlights an unexpected dual activity of FGFs, involved in elevating Shh activity but also acting in cooperation with Shh to trigger Olig2 progenitors to follow an oligodendroglial fate
Impéror-Clerc, Marianne. "Étude de transition de phase vers les phases cubiques des systèmes eau/surfactant." Paris 11, 1992. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01989797.
Full textLesage, Jakob. "A grammar and lexicon of Kam (àŋwɔ̀m), a Niger-Congo language of central eastern Nigeria." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0008.
Full textThis thesis is the first extensive description of Kam (àŋwɔ̀m), a Niger-Congo language spoken in Taraba State, central eastern Nigeria, by an estimated 8,000 to 10,000 people. It offers a typologically and areally informed analysis of the grammar and lexicon of Kam, thereby advancing our understanding of the grammatical structure of Niger-Congo languages. This description is based on novel linguistic data collected in the Kam community between 2016 and 2018. There are six parts: (1) introduction, (2) phonological analysis, (3) nominal morphosyntax, (4) verbal morphosyntax, (5) clausal morphosyntax and (6) a sample of text and a lexicon with approx. 1,300 entries. Features of Kam that may be particularly interesting for African and general linguistics include labial-velar stops kp and gb; a difference between prosodically strong and prosodically weak positions in prosodic stems; tonal morphology used for both derivation and inflection; the absence of noun classes or gender; logophoric pronominals; STAMP-morphs; multi-verb constructions; verbal reduplication strategies; clause-final negation and bipartite content interrogatives. The Kam community and their language are part of the linguistically and culturally diverse landscape of north-east and central-east Nigeria. Previous research classified Kam as an isolated language within the Adamawa sub-family of Niger-Congo, whose genealogical unity is no longer widely accepted. Therefore, the classification of Kam and other languages should be reviewed. While classification is not addressed in this thesis, it provides grammatical and lexical data indispensable for any comparison between Kam and other languages and lineages
Bertrand, Robitaille Anaïs. "La migration de transit au Mexique : expériences de transit et besoins des migrants centraméricains en route vers les États-Unis." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28286.
Full textEach year, thousands of undocumented migrants pass through Mexico in order to reach the United States. These migrants mainly come from Central America, either from Guatemala, Honduras or El Salvador. In Mexico, they find themselves in transit migration; it is to say that they are in their way, somewhere between their country of origin and their final destination. In transit through Mexico, Central American migrants face multiple dangers and overcome several challenges. Scholars have shown the many different types of violence and exploitation forms they suffer. The violation of their human rights is usual, which reveals the existence of an important humanitarian crisis in Mexico. By a qualitative, inductive and exploratory methodology, this study aims to document the transit experiences of Central American migrants in Mexico and to classify their different needs (felt, expressed and normative needs). Semi structured interviews were conducted with twelve respondents (N=12): four honduran migrants and eight key informants. In a general manner, transit migration is a painful journey; respondents have identified many difficulties encountered by migrants while they are in transit through Mexico. Conversely, only a few facilitators have been identified. Consequently, Central American migrants feel and express a lot of needs. Furthermore, humanitarian aid, governmental actions, social politics encompassing migrants and refugees assistance, as well as many macro-social changes are missing in order to achieve the security, the well-being and the dignity of migrants transiting through Mexico. Some general recommendations are proposed in order to fulfill the needs of Central American migrants, to reduce their vulnerability and to eradicate the difficulties experimented in transit through Mexico.
México es atravesado cada año por miles de migrantes irregulares que desean llegar a Estados Unidos. Migrantes cuya mayoría es originaria de América Central, como Guatemala, Honduras y el Salvador, se encuentran en algún punto en la ruta entre su país de origen y su destino final. Dicha condición es conocida como migración de tránsito. En tránsito por el territorio mexicano, los migrantes irregulares centroamericanos se enfrentan a diferentes peligros y obstáculos difíciles de superar. Numerosos autores han dado cuenta sobre las diversas formas de violencia y explotación de las cuales son víctimas. La violación de sus derechos humanos es frecuente y revela una grave crisis humanitaria. Por medio de un método cualitativo, inductivo y exploratorio, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo la documentación de la migración de tránsito de Centroamericanos en México, así como el recuento de sus diferentes necesidades (las necesidades que resienten, que expresan y las necesidades establecidas por los informantes-claves). Se realizaron entrevistas semi-dirigidas a doce participantes (N=12), de los cuales cuatro migrantes hondureños y ocho participantes informantes-claves. De manera global, la migración de tránsito se vive de manera muy penosa; muchas dificultades han sido señaladas por los participantes de este presente estudio. En contraparte, muy pocos elementos facilitadores han sido revelados. Consecuentemente, los migrantes centroamericanos resienten y expresan diversas necesidades. Además, distintos recursos de ayuda humanitaria, acciones gubernamentales, políticas sociales en materia de ayuda a los inmigrantes y refugiados, así como diversos cambios macro-sociales son necesarios para que se les pueda brindar seguridad, bienestar y dignidad a los migrantes en tránsito por México. Se hacen algunas recomendaciones en conclusión con el fin de satisfacer las necesidades de los migrantes, de disminuir su vulnerabilidad y de eliminar las dificultades halladas en su tránsito por México.
Schmutz, Hélène. "Vers une redéfinition de la nature américaine : trois études de cas dans la région de Los Angeles." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040149/document.
Full textEnvironmental historians have worked at redefining the modes of relationship between man and nature in the United States. The way this relation is defined conditions environmental politics, and therefore contributes to the material transformation of the continent. Five major trends of thought about nature are described: nature as a resource transformed by work ; preservationism ; conservationism ; ecology ; and environmental justice. Those ideas endure to this very day in the discourses constructed about nature: they either juxtapose or confront each other. The goal of this thesis is to understand whether they undergo a transformation, evolving towards a definition of the man/nature relationship as a socionatural hybrid. To this end, three cases are examined here, all of which are connected with the Los Angeles area in the early 2000s. The first concerns Tejon Ranch and the agreement passed in 2008 about Tejon Ranch between environmental associations and the owners : it poses the question of the meaning given to a preservation that would incorporate ecological, mythical and economic aspects of that territory, a remain of the Western past. The second deals with the decision that was made in 2007 by the City of Los Angeles to revitalize its river and offers a good example of the broadening of the definition of nature: it can also be urban. The ecological and cultural preoccupations about the river complicate the conservation problematic in Southern California. Finally, South Central Farm’s environmental justice case (1994-2006) is the sign of a transition in American environmental ideas from a clearly spatially limited object to a world issue
Argaud, Soizic. "Reconnaissance et mimétisme des émotions exprimées sur le visage : vers une compréhension des mécanismes à travers le modèle parkinsonien." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B023/document.
Full textParkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition primarily resulting from a dysfunction of the basal ganglia following a progressive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Alongside the well-known motor symptoms, PD patients also suffer from emotional disorders including difficulties to recognize and to produce facial emotions. Here, there is a question whether the emotion recognition impairments in Parkinson’s disease could be in part related to motor symptoms. Indeed, according to embodied simulation theory, understanding other people’s emotions would be fostered by facial mimicry. Automatic and non-conscious, facial mimicry is characterized by congruent valence-related facial responses to the emotion expressed by others. In this context, disturbed motor processing could lead to impairments in emotion recognition. Yet, one of the most distinctive clinical features in Parkinson’s disease is facial amimia, a reduction in facial expressiveness. Thus, we studied the ability to mimic facial expression in Parkinson’s disease, its effective influence on emotion recognition as well as the effect of dopamine replacement therapy both on emotion recognition and facial mimicry. For these purposes, we investigated electromyographic responses (corrugator supercilii, zygomaticus major and orbicularis oculi) to facial emotion among patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease and healthy participants in a facial emotion recognition paradigm (joy, anger, neutral). Our results showed that the facial emotion processing in Parkinson’s disease could be swung from a normal to a pathological, noisy, functioning because of a weaker signal-to-noise ratio. Besides, facial mimicry could have a beneficial effect on the recognition of emotion. Nevertheless, the negative impact of Parkinson’s disease on facial mimicry and its influence on emotion recognition would depend on the muscles involved in the production of the emotional expression to decode. Indeed, the corrugator relaxation would be a stronger predictor of the recognition of joy expressions than the zygomatic or orbicularis contractions. On the other hand, we cannot conclude here that the corrugator reactions foster the recognition of anger. Furthermore, we proposed this experiment to a group of patients under dopamine replacement therapy but also during a temporary withdrawal from treatment. The preliminary results are in favour of a beneficial effect of dopaminergic medication on both emotion recognition and facial mimicry. The potential positive “peripheral” impact of dopamine replacement therapy on emotion recognition through restoration of facial mimicry has still to be tested. We discussed these findings in the light of recent considerations about the role of basal ganglia-based circuits and embodied simulation theory ending with the results’ clinical significances
Dromart, Gilles. "Faciès grumeleux, noduleux et crytalgaires des marges jurassiques de la Téthys nord-occidentale et de l'Atlantique central : genèse, paléoenvironnements et géodynamique associée." Lyon 1, 1986. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02069721/document.
Full textBordignon, Sérgio. "Metodologia para previsão de carga de curtíssimo prazo considerando variáveis climáticas e auxiliando na programação de despacho de pequenas centrais hidrelétricas." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2012. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/241.
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A previsão de carga é uma atividade de grande importância no Setor Elétrico, tendo em vista que a maioria dos estudos de planejamento e operação dos sistemas elétricos necessita de uma boa estimativa da carga a ser atendida. Na literatura encontram-se diversas metodologias para projeção de carga elétrica nos distintos horizontes de planejamento, porém limitadas a sistemas elétricos de médio e grande porte e poucas são as propostas de projeção de demanda no horizonte de curtíssimo prazo, principalmente para pequenas empresas do Setor Elétrico. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma metodologia inovadora de previsão de carga, a curtíssimo prazo, que considere as influências das condições climáticas e que possa auxiliar na programação do regime de operação de uma Pequena Central Hidrelétrica (PCH), principalmente em épocas de estiagem, quando a disponibilidade de água é restrita. A metodologia proposta envolve a criação de um modelo probabilístico discreto (cadeia de Markov) a partir da classificação dos dados históricos em um Mapa Auto-Organizável (SOM). Assim, é possível se estimar a probabilidade de um determinado nível de demanda acontecer dada uma condição climática atual, bem como o número de intervalos de tempo (horas) até que isso aconteça. Com estas informações é possível elaborar a melhor agenda de funcionamento da PCH de forma que a mesma esteja em funcionamento nos momentos em que a demanda atingir os valores máximos. O método proposto apresenta como diferencial em relação aos demais métodos existentes o fato de considerar a influência das variáveis climáticas (temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento) para a previsão de demanda de energia elétrica no curtíssimo prazo, além de que os valores de entrada de demanda de energia e das variáveis climáticas (temperatura e umidade relativa do ar) são obtidos em tempo real, através de um sistema SCADA. Esta metodologia foi aplicada utilizando-se os dados reais de uma pequena concessionária de distribuição de energia elétrica do Rio Grande do Sul, mostrando resultados satisfatórios, suficientes para permitir a sua aplicação prática.
The electrical charge forecast is an activity of great importance in the Electricity Sector, considering that most studies of electrical systems planning and operation require a good estimative of the charge to be fulfilled. In books, there are various methodologies to have the electrical charge projection in different planning horizons, but limited to medium and large electrical systems. Furthermore, there are only a few demand projection proposals in the very short-term horizon, especially for small Electricity Sector companies. The aim of this paper is to present an innovative methodology in order to have the charge forecast, in a very short-term, which considers the climatic conditions influence and is able to assist the operation system programming of a Small Hydroelectric Power Plant, particularly in times of drought when water availability is restricted. The proposed methodology involves creating a discrete probabilistic pattern (Markov chain) from the historical data classification in a Self-Organizing Map (SOM). It is therefore possible to estimate the probability of reaching a certain demand level, taking the current climatic condition, as well as the periods of time (hours) until it happens. With this information it is possible to develop the best plant operation schedule so that it operates when the demand reaches its maximum numbers. The proposed method presents as differentials upon the other existing methods, the fact of considering the climatic variables influence (temperature, air humidity and wind speed) to forecast electricity demand in the very short-term, as well as the energy demand input values and climate variables obtainment (temperature and air humidity) in real time via a SCADA system. This methodology was applied using real data from a small electricity distribution plant in Rio Grande do Sul, showing satisfactory results, enough to allow their practical application.
Cheucle, Marion. "Étude comparative des langues makaa-njem (bantu A80) : Phonologie, morphologie, lexique : Vers une reconstruction du proto-A80." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20071/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a comparative study of the Bantu languages of the A80 group (also known as Makaa-Njem). The goal of the thesis is two-fold: (i) offer a synthesis of the state of knowledge in linguistics (and related disciplines) about the languages of the Bantu A80 group by adding new data and analysis for the Bekwel language of Gabon ; (ii) present the results of a comparative study at the synchronic and diachronic levels. The comparative study includes eight A80 languages: Shiwa, Kwasio, Bekol, Makaa, Konzime, Njem, Bekwel and Mpiemo. The study adopts in the first place a synchronic perspective ("horizontal" correspondences) then approaches the same data from a diachronic point of view ("vertical" correspondences, reconstructions and reflexes), focusing mainly on phonology, and to a lesser extent, on nominal and verbal morphology. It is based on a 1029 cognate lexicon established on the basis of first-hand data for Bekwel and published data for the other languages. Data was processed using the online tools of the RefLex project.The first part of the thesis establishes a general summary of the knowledge on the Bantu A80 languages and on Bekwel in particular. The second part presents the corpus (gathering methods then nature of the data, sources and processing) and a series of concise phonological (and morphological) sketches for all eight languages constituted on the basis of the collected and/or compiled data. The third and final part presents the results of the comparative study. It brings into light the morphological and phonological processes that have shaped the languages of the Makaa-Njem group through their evolution. At the morphological level, it reveals a process of simplification of the noun class system (due to the assimilation of old prefixes into the stems leading to an increase in the number of zero prefixes), numerous cases of re-classification and the role of old nasal prefixes in occlusive devoicing stem initially as well as the mergence of semi-voiced consonants in Bekwel. At the phonological level, a tendency to monosyllabicity can be observed, at a greater or lesser extent depending on the language. This finds an explanation in the diachronic analysis that shows that the languages of the A80 group often were subject to final vowel dropping (V2), in some cases even the whole final syllable. The vowel originally in V2 is generally preserved thanks to anticipations of various types: emergence of diphthongs, V11-V12 sequences (sometimes including devocalization of V11), new vowel quality by fusion, etc. Finally, the conclusion of the thesis summarizes the main results with regards to morphology, phonology and the lexicon, illustrating how these results will be useful for (future) analyses and descriptions of languages of the A80 group