Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Centrale'
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Eyada, Ayissi Théophile. "Gestion des opérations de privatisation et performance des entreprises privatisées: cas de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211108.
Full textNdayishimiye, Joel. "Diversité, endémisme, géographie et conservation des Fabaceae de l'Afrique Centrale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209839.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
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Messe, Mbega Christian. "La Communauté Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC) : quelle politique de sécurité pour une organisation régionale à vocation économique ?" Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIML016/document.
Full textI assesses the strengths and weaknesses of ECCAS in building regional security in Central Africa through a SWOT (including internal and external factors that promote an entity and those that threaten it). Thus, this thesis shows that ECCAS, whose founding objectives were not safe in the classical sense of the term, was finally able to better develop its defense capabilities as its economic integration due to the low complementarity of national economies which up. However, I emphasize the limits of this security dimension: the lack of logistical and financial resources and the set of external powers. These shortcomings tend to discredit the capacities of ECCAS safety and result in the recovery of its responsibilities by other local regional organizations such as CEMAC
Brunet, Frédérique. "De l'épipaléolithique au néolithique en Asie centrale : quelle néolithisation ? : synthèse critique des données et étude technologique d'industries lithiques." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010506.
Full textPapageorgiou, Ioannis. "Eléments de supranationalité dans le processus d'intégration politique en Amérique centrale à partir des années 1980." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211546.
Full textNsouli, Marwan M. "Recherche sur les critères d'une banque centrale moderne : étude comparative entre la Banque du Liban, la Banque de France et la Banque centrale européenne." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05D001.
Full textThis comparative study between the three banks aims at eliciting the criteria of a modern central bank that would benefit the Banque du Liban and allow it to fully play its role. The introduction explains the choice, the intended goal and the plan followed in this comparative study. The preliminary section, a historical review of the three banks, aims at describing the socio-cultural environment and the prevailing ideology at the time when each institution was established and at explaining its evolution. The firs part of the study deals with the individual and collective governing bodies of the central bank,which constitute the cornerstone on which is based the good functioning of a central bank in its management and in conducting its missions. The second part puts in perspective the missions of the central bank, namely its traditional missions regarding the emission of the currency, the refinancing of banks, and its role of banker of the State. Then, its tackles its "fundamental" missions, namely the monetary policy , with its two concepts of independence and accountability, and the payment systems whose importance is crucial in maintaining the integrity of the banking system and of the financial markets, as well as in optimizing the implementation of monetary policy. In conclusion, and, in light of the criteria of a modern central bank, proposals are submitted to reform the Banque du Liban
Musard, Marie. "Transparence des banques centrales et efficacité de la politique monétaire." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE0506.
Full textNiyongabo, Ferdinand. "Diversité, biogéographie, écologie et conservation des Rubioideae-Rubiaceae en Afrique centrale, Burundi, R.D.Congo, Rwanda." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209721.
Full textles récoltes. Des taxons nouveaux pour le territoire étudié ont été découverts, révélant le caractère incomplet de la ‘World check-list of Rubiaceae’. Des taxons nouveaux pour la science ont été mis en évidence. Une espèce nouvelle (avec deux variétés) a été décrite. Les analyses de distribution ont utilisé deux niveaux de résolution: le système d’information géographique (SIG) pour la production des cartes de la distribution des espèces et le système de maillage pour calculer la densité et l’effort d’échantillonnage. La richesse floristique apparente est fortement biaisée par l’intensité d’échantillonnage. Après correction de ces biais, la diversité reste inégalement répartie.
Des régions de plus haute diversité peuvent être expliquées à la fois par des processus déterministes (régions à haute diversité ’habitats), et, probablement aussi par des contingences historiques (refuges). Elles correspondent à des zones de spéciation active ou de moindre extinction. De plus, cette diversité varie selon les phytochories considérées.
La distribution des taxons a été utilisée pour tenter de redéfinir sur une base objective des subdivisions phytogéographiques du territoire étudié. L’approche basée sur la similarité floristique et la distribution potentielle a démontré le rôle déterminant des taxons indicateurs et des variables environnementales
dans l’établissement d’un système cohérent de phytochories pour l’Afrique centrale. Un nouveau
système de trois territoires floristiques défini sur base des Rubioideae est comparativement proche de celui de White (1979, 1983) mais ne comprend pas des zones de transition.
Enfin, la caractérisation de l’état de conservation des Rubioideae de la zone d’étude, sur base de la méthodologie de l’UICN, a porté sur cinquante-six taxons (sub-)endémiques d’Afrique centrale. L’évaluation paramétrique a été largement utilisée. Elle est basée sur la détermination de la zone d’occupation (AOO) et de la zone d’occurrence (EOO). La proportion des Rubioideae menacés et coïncide avec celles des autres groupes déjà évalués. Cette analyse a démontré qu’il existe une corrélation entre les taxons menacés et les zones de forte concentration humaine.
This study is a contribution to the knowledge of biodiversity, geographic distribution and conservation of Rubioideae (Rubiaceae), a group of flowering plants in Central Africa (D.R.Congo, Rwanda, Burundi). The work is based on the critical evaluation of the rich herbarium collections conserved in Belgium and Burundi (> 10,000 specimens). A critical check-list of Rubioideae in Central Africa has been produced, comprising 291 taxa. A distribution map has been obtained for each of them. A number of taxa are new to the area, highlighting the gaps of knowledge in the ‘World check-list of Rubiaceae’. Species new to science have been detected, one of which has been formally described (with two varieties) in this study. The analysis of distribution patterns has been performed at two levels of resolution. Grid-maps have been used to analyse patterns of species diversity. Floristic richness appears strongly correlated with
sampling effort. After correction for sampling effort, species diversity remains heterogeneous.
Regions of higher diversity correspond either to areas of more active speciation, in relation to a high diversity of habitats, or to forest refuges where extinction rates have been lower. Additionally, this diversity varies between the different phytochoria recognized. The distribution of species has been used in an attempt to redefine phytochoria based only on floristic criteria. Floristic similarity, and potential distribution (based on climatic parameters), has shown that phytochoria can be effectively defined and characterized by the method of indicator taxa. Three major
phytochoria show a reasonably match with phytochoria previously proposed by White (1979, 1983), but White’s transition zones are not highlighted. Finally, distribution data have been used to critically evaluate the conservation status of 56 taxa, using the methodology and criteria of IUCN. The area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO) were calculated and used as main criteria to evaluate the species. A relatively high proportion of taxa appear to be threatened, especially in relation to urbanization and deforestation in the most
highly populated parts of the study area.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Raballand, Gaël. "L'Asie centrale ou La fatalité de l'enclavement ? /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : [Tashkent] : l'Harmattan ; IFEAC, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40038907x.
Full textBibliogr. p. 317-347. IFEAC = Institut français d'études sur l'Asie centrale.
Laurent-Charvet, Sébastien. "Accrétions continentales en Asie centro-orientale : évolution géodynamique et structurale du Tianshan et du Junggar oriental (nord-ouest Chine) au Paléozoi͏̈que." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2039.
Full textIreh, Assim Thomas. "La TVA en Afrique centrale." Paris 1, 2010. http://docelec.u-bordeaux.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782296991491.
Full textKoffi, Kouao Jean. "Analyse des structures spatiales des données de distribution phytogéographique des Acanthaceae en Afrique centrale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210497.
Full textPhytogeographic data reflect the spatial variability of plant diversity and constitute consequently a potential tool for conservation policy development. In order to stimulate and valorise the concept of phytogeographic systems, this dissertation entitled “Analysis of the spatial pattern of phytogeographic data of Acanthaceae in Central Africa” aims (1) to analyse the spatial distribution of the Acanthaceae family in Central Africa (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi); (2) to compare this distribution with the known phytogeographic theories of Robyns (1948), White (1979, 1986) and Ndjele (1988); (3) to use the spatial distribution models as a tool for evaluating the human impact on landscapes and diversity; (4) to identify potential indicator species of the phytogeographic territories; (5) to evidence the phenomenon of vicariance; and (6) to quantify the impact of the fragmentation of forested landscapes in central Africa. In this study, two levels of spatial resolution have been considered: the phytogeographic systems themselves and a system of grid cells. A geographic information system has been used to draw maps of the spatial distribution of every species. The choice to analyse the Acanthaceae family of the herbarium of the National Botanical Garden of Belgium (BR) has been justified by the systematic revision of this collection and by its huge number of samples. The data set contained 9181 samples, collected between 1888 and 2001 by about 427 collectors in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi ;the samples represented 48 genera, 310 species and 6362 geographic positions. The maps showing the spatial distribution of all samples pooled evidenced the different levels of exploration of the study area. Certain phytogeographic territories have been explored more intensely than others. The mostly explored zones, consequently also denoted as the most diverse ones, were the Afromontane regional centre of endemism, including the regional mosaic of Lake Victoria, and the Zambezian regional center of endemism. Species distribution maps evidenced the spatial patterns of species presence. Certain species showed an overall distribution while others were clearly bound to particular territories. The latter species, denoted as “unique species” or “characteristic species” could be used as bio-indicators to stimulate and valorise the concept of the phytogeographic systems in the framework of conservation policy development. By means of the Acanthaceae family, it has been shown that the impact of forest fragmentation will be considerable; species bound to a specific phytogeographic zone are assumed vulnerable; they will disappear when their biotopes are destroyed. The potential distribution of the species, based on the geographic position of the samples and on environmental data, have been generated in order to describe more precisely the ecological niches of the species involved and to detect cases of vicariance. Two types of vicariance have been found using the phytogeographic territories of Robyns (1948) and White (1979, 1986) at the genus and the species levels: ecological vicariance and geographic vicariance; the former type involves species or subspecies observed in the same phytogeographic region while the latter type involves species and subspecies not found in the same territory. This analysis enabled us to identify zones of speciation. A cluster analyses showed that the spatial distribution of the Acanthaceae data corresponded more closely to the phytogeographic system of White (1979, 1986), than to those proposed by Robyns (1948) or Ndjele (1988). In order to valorise our approach, the current methodology should also be applied to other families widely collected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi, such as the Rubiaceae or Mimosoideae families, this (1) to synchronise all data bases for a more profound understanding of the degree of exploration and of the existence of species with a limited ecological amplitude (unique species), and (2) to enable the identification of zones that should be prioritised for conservation.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mbassi, Bedjoko. "Élections, alternances et stabilité en Afrique centrale : le droit électoral et les pratiques politiques." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010258.
Full textIlboudo, Elisabeth. "L'indépendance de la banque centrale." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090025.
Full textPéan, Stéphane. "Comportements de subsistance au Gravettien en Europe centrale : (Autriche, République tchèque, Pologne, Hongrie)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0008.
Full textM'Bringa-Takama, Maxime-Faustin. "L'Est centrafricain : sous-peuplement et marginalité." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30050.
Full textThe easterne part of central africa, situated between latitude 4 and 11. 20 north and between 18. 30 and 27. 25 longitude east, covers an aera of about 308,000 square kilometres. In 1988, there were 237,321 inhabitant, that is 0. 7 inhabitant for km2. Such a reduced numbes of people does not enable the whole region to be populated. The demographic pressure, which is very low, is more a lass important deperding on the areas, thers, some areas are largely populated while large others are deserted, and also, movements of the population de peopling or repeopling from time according to the seasons or other factors. The region is characterized by an external and internal isolation because is situated out of the economic net work and f ar away from the roads that are suitable for motor vehicules. The embryonic network of roads is so ruined that it is difficult to go from on place to another even within the region, people mustly go on foot or use bicycles or motocycles, and some very rare, cars. The result of the difficulties in transportation and communication is that the region is very inward-looking. Under such circonstances poverty forces the people to procude what they need for themselves, the result being
Gharagozlou, Nasser. "L'Asie centrale et l'Europe : études sur l'indépendance, l'émergence de l'extrémisme, l'enjeu du pétrole et le rôle de l'Europe en Asie Centrale." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082407.
Full textCentral Asia has been of fundamental importance in the history and politics of Eurasia. Throughout its history Central Asia maintained multilateral exchanges with Russia, Iran…. And China and the Indian subcontinent- the silk road system providing a stable medium of transcontinental communication and trade. The disintegration of the former soviet union and the subsequent emergence of indepandent states of Tajikistan, Uzbekkistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan, un folded new opportunities for cooperation in cultural, economic, and political spheres on a new footing. Caspian sea is to day a focal point of the clash of interests. The caspian is considered important to world market because of its large Oil and Gas reserves, as well as its caviar Stocks. Proven oil reserves for the entire caspian sea region are estimated at 17 billion to 35 billion barrels. The basin holds around 5 trillion cubic metters of natural Gas reserves. The caspian Oil basin is estimated to be the third largest in the world
Barbier, Emmanuel. "La dynamique du temps et du climat en Amérique centrale." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO31005.
Full textThe Central American isthmus is characterised by a lowering of the relief which supports the aerological communication between the Atlantic and the Pacific. Because of their power and drain exerted by the relief, the Moving Polar Highs (MPHs) penetrate deeply in the tropical zone. The displacement of the MPHs and their progressive deceleration in direction of the Tropics, the meeting of the continents and their reliefs and the effects on the mass flow form Anticyclonics Agglutinations. The MPHs agglutinate themselves and the Lines of Pulsation become gradually the trade winds and/or monsoon circulation. Tropical flows of the two weather hemispheres meet along the Meteorological Equator. The Central American isthmus constitutes a single climatic crossroads in the world. The study of the disturbances gives the key of dynamic analysis of weather and climate in Central America. Recent climatic evolution shows a modification of the style of general circulation since the Seventies
Rueda-Junquera, Fernando. "La reactivación del Mercado Común Centroamericano /." Burgos : Servicio de Publ., Universidad de Burgos, 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/308708601.pdf.
Full textDuta, Ioana. "Représentations du bonheur dans la littérature moderne de l'Europe centrale." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0155.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the representations of happiness in fictional works of Central Europe. Our work originates from the observation that today we seem to have engaged in an almost hysterical quest for happiness, which can take on an infinite number of forms and approaches. This diversity seems to cancel out the idea that happiness has a universal character despite the commonplace which says that all men seek to be happy. Happiness is the object of study of history, philosophy sociology, anthropology, psychology, theology, but also linguistics, economy and politics. Thus, defining the concept of happiness requires a multitude of perspectives, objective and subjective.Our study starts from the assumption that literature offers new interpretations to the idea of happiness. We aim to analyse it according to two axes: the nature of happiness and the components of happiness. Literature, thanks to its ability to bring together within fictional universes elements relating to history, to culture, to the examination of the depths of the ego – elements which are nourished by the collective memory and philosophical insights – offers us access to the past worlds of happiness. Seeking to define the idea of happiness, we have thus chosen to study Central European literature and the works of authors originating from countries that used to be part of the Austro-Hungarian empire because of its cultural richness that allows us to identify a more complex version of happiness. More specifically we look at the works of novelists from Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, Transylvania, Banat, Serbia, Bucovina, Galicia, Bosnia, Croatia and Italy, that were published during the 19th century all the way to the years before the Second World War. Their works describe and analyze the quest for happiness, and its successes and failures. Comparative analysis allows us to redefine happiness, distinguishing between its constant or universal character and its variable or fluid characteristics. Thus, our thesis identifies both the idea of happiness as conveyed by the Austro-Hungarian society since the 1800s and the experience of happiness as it described through literature. The latter enables us to establish the image of happiness of those times: from the center part of the Empire to its margins, multiculturalism allows us to grasp the problematic of happiness in all its complexity, encompassing both a common history and characteristics particular to different national identities.Our analysis highlights the diversity of types of happiness, depending on external factors (the influence of social environment, customs, education, human relationships, cultural heritage, etc.) and internal factors (the influence of features proper to happiness such as duration, recipient, its affiliation to pleasure, to desire or to the meaning of life, etc.). These literary representations of happiness help identify the variable components that emerge from the idea of happiness, while the crisis that comes with the First World War reconfigures the temporal dynamics happiness, allowing for a better grasp of the essence of happiness
Rodriguez, Rojas Roberto. "Mouvements paysans, alternatives de développement et sécurité alimentaire en Amérique centrale entre 1975 et 1995 : les scénarios d'une transition." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010671.
Full textOur work aims to know and understand the rol plays by the different organizations and peasant movements in transformations of both agriculture and central america society between 1975 and 1995, since the "green revolution " until the worldwide present setting of transformation of the agriculture. The approach looks put in evidence the stake of food security as a key point of convergence between the interest of impoverished peasantries of the region and the sustainable development of central american societies. The developed central hypothesis proposes that the depending capitalistic development having oriented the both investment and technological transfers toward the capitalistic sector of l'agriculture, did not permit to peasants producers to constitute themselves in an accumulation axis and to play a dynamic role in the development of societies of the region, knowing that the weight of the agriculture remains very important in this societies. Also the study analise the architecture of the agrarian conflict and the main actors involved in the evolution of the economics, politics and social situation of the region, by putting in evidence the main concentration of the land property, the excluding character of the developpment model and the unequal growing of agricultures of the region, as many factors that explains the agrarian origin of the crisis that will clear to Guatemala, el Salvador and the Nicaragaua, on scripts of civil war. The final part of work shows the new deals of the peasant's organization process and the potential and limits of their alternative proposals to the structural adjustement policies in central America, and adresses several scenarios in a shortcoming of studies of case based in the asocode commercialisation experience- in order to weigh options and possible outcomes for peasant production, food security and sustainable developmement in central America
Mamadou, Asngar Thierry. "Mobilisation de l'épargne financière et réformes des systèmes financiers dans les pays de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC)." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0047.
Full textFathi, Habiba. "Les femmes d'autorité de l'Islam centre-asiatique : repères identitaires et agents de restructuration communautaire dans l'Asie centrale post-soviétique (1991-1999)." Paris, INALCO, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INAL0003.
Full textThis study aims to show how women of authority in Central Asian Islam manage to implement the mechanisms of community restructuring along religious and social lines. Thus, the question is to account for the ways and means through which the traditional religious roles of women are redefined causing new religious functions to appear in various Central Asian Islamic societies now experiencing transition. The process involves women Muslim clerics whose range of action reaches for beyond the religious domain to extend to the public social sphere. Collective worshipping and religious meetings convey these women's commitment to creating and above all maintaining social relations within their community. Their concern with affirming the social identity of the group in the new situation of independence for the states of Central Asia is closely related to the destructuring of their societies with societisation. It seems essential for social anthropology to study the role of these charismatic figures as mediators within the group in order to shed a new light on various aspects of religious in everyday life rather than in official Islam
Taty, Alain. "La contribution de la Banque européenne d' investissement au développement économique et industriel de l' Afrique centrale noire francophone." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10020.
Full textThe European Bank finances projects and programmes in Central African States. The purpose of our research-study is to explore the legal regime of technics set up by EIB and politics used in Central Africa
Ouapou, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude de la stratégie d'implantation des entreprises françaises dans les états de l'Afrique centrale : (Cameroun, Centrafrique, Congo, Gabon, Tchad)." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1D306.
Full textFrench firmes locations in central africa is usually done by big businesses, whose establisliments, organizations is hylhy contralized, without local capital participations, but a production system well established, the mane objective being to anticipat competitions
Bigot, Sylvain. "Les précipitations et la convection profonde en Afrique centrale : cycle saisonnier, variabilité interannuelle et impact sur la végétation." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJO1023.
Full textThis study establishes the coherent signals of the climatic variability and its connections in central Africa from a rainfall data base (1951-90), as well as satellite data and a reanalysis of the data from gcm. The water vapour advections over central Africa originate in the southern Atlantic Ocean with greater intraseasonal changes than those observed at the interannual scale. The heart of the Congo basin is also a regional source of divergence which is present for most of the year, and which redistributes water towards the Sahel or south-eastern Zaire. The surface conditions, for example topography and forestry, are important. In addition, the monthly olr reflects the rainfall of central Africa associated with deep convection and tropical circulation on global scale, but is not a good indicator of rainfall for all regions and all periods of the year. Central Africa is not a uniform rainfall area which varies homogeneously at interannual scale. Nevertheless, many analogies can be mad with other African areas. The enso signal is particularly visible in the deep convection of central Africa. Each enso occurrence corresponds with a modulation of the amplitude of the semi-annual rain cycle in the Congo-Gabon area, proving the predictive power of the sst. The rainfall modulation of the Atlantic, pacific and Indian sst's in central Africa is linked to a change in the east-west circulation due to the modification of the instable areas. The thermal variations in the southern Atlantic also impose a change in latitude of the itcz and the advections. The phenological mapping of rainforests using ndvi identifies different forestry behaviours and indicates certain spatio-temporal differences. A time lag is often observed between the rainfall and the forestry productivity. It is difficult to extract a bioclimatic signal due to the instrumental bias, but the interannual variations of the ndvi of the rca and northern Zaire are explained by the rainfall
Pilleron, Sophie. "Facteurs psychosociaux et nutritionnels des troubles cognitifs en Afrique Centrale." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0024/document.
Full textWith the aging of the world population, prevalence of non-communicable diseases including dementia is increasing. While epidemiological studies on cognitive impairments have been mainly conducted in high-income countries, a few have been carried out in low-and middle-income countries, including African countries, not exempt from this phenomenon. The EPIDEMCA program, Epidemiology of Dementia in Central Africa, is aimed at contributing to a better understanding of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in rural and urban areas in two countries of Central Africa: the Central African Republic (CAR) and the Republic of Congo (ROC). This PhD thesis, which is part of this program, focuses on the relationship between cognitive disorders (Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia) and psychosocial factors (stressful life events and dependent personality disorder) on the one hand, and nutritional factors (undernutrition and dietary consumption) on the other.The EPIDEMCA program is a cross-sectional multicenter population-based epidemiological study carried out among people aged 65 years and over in rural and urban areas of CAR and ROC between 2011 and 2012 using a two-phase design. DSM-IV and Petersen criteria were required for a diagnosis of dementia and MCI, respectively. Among 2002 subjects who agreed to participate in the study, cognitive status and reliable age were available for 1772 people: 1519 were free of cognitive impairment, 118 suffered from had MCI and 135 from had dementia. As regards the psychosocial factors, our first study showed that MCI was positively associated with the total number of events experienced throughout a life span in Congo only, and, with the total number of events from the age of 65 onwards and with a child’s severe physical disease after the age of 65 in the total sample. On the contrary, dementia was associated with neither the accumulation of stressful life events nor individual events. Results of our second study showed that MCI was associated with the dependent personality disorder in Congo and CAR, while dementia was associated with this disorder in Congo only. Regarding nutritional factors, our third study showed a significant association between dementia (but not MCI) and the three markers of undernutrition used (BMI inferior to 18.5 kg/m2, mid-upper arm circumference inferior to 24 cm and arm muscle circumference (AMC) below the 5th percentile of a reference population) in CAR. In Congo, MCI was associated with only the AMC<5th percentile while dementia with none of markers. Our fourth study found that cognitive disorders were associated with light alcohol intake and a low consumption of oilseeds in rural areas only. In Congo, cognitive disorders were associated with neither food groups nor alcohol consumption. This PhD thesis has contributed to improve the knowledge available on the epidemiology of cognitive disorders in Central Africa. Nevertheless, our results are solely exploratory and require to be confirmed by further studies, prerequisites for relevant and targeted interventions with a view to reduce the risk
Paul, Jürgen. "Herrscher, Gemeinwesen, Vermittler : Ostiran und Transoxanien in vormongolischer Zeit /." Beirut : Stuttgart : [s.n.] ; in Kommission bei F. Steiner, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370985909.
Full textConnétable, Sophie. "Stratégies de développement et de défense chez deux espèces de termites sympatriques : Pseudacanthotermes spiniger et P. militaris (Isoptera, Termitidae, Macrotermitinae)." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS016.
Full textZadra, Cathy Dorothée. "Les partenaires public-privé en Europe centrale." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083295.
Full textPublic-Private Partnerships( PPP) are developing all over the world as well as in the developed countries. In Central Europe, with the post socialist transition and the integration to the EU, the needs in infrastructure are striking with insufficient means of financing. The complex contractual modalities of the PPP present major limits, of which that of the information asymmetry, offering a power on market for multinationals there. The evaluation of the PPP is analyzed through different methods from choice and from monitoring of the projects at the European and national level, offering a possibility of reducing the information asymmetry to every stage of the life cycle of the contract. However, to raise the necessary conditions for the positive contribution of the PPP to the development of infrastructures, the democratic regulation allowing the confrontation of the interests of all the partners, including the users, appears as the means to exceed the intrinsic limits of the PPP. The micro-institutions implementation would stimulate the development of good practices, wages of a win-win partnership
Nicharapova, Jildiz. "L'organisation de coopération de Shanghai : un nouveau mode de coopération ou une nouvelle intégration régionale?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1040.
Full textThe main question of our research is what kind of international organization is the SCO and what are its reasons for existence? In terms of the theory of international organizations to which type of international organization, the SCO can belong? The Organization of cooperation or integration? One wonders what the real objectives of the organization. Is the SCO aims to counteract the West, or there are other reasons for its existence? What are those reasons? Is it destined to exercise a single regional role in the manner of existing organizations such as CSTO, ECO, CIS, etc..., or does it move into the ranks of a world power? Are the objectives of the existence of this structure is to serve the great powers like Russia and China or it is also to serve to the small countries of Central Asia? Do the member countries have common objectives or individual, selfish? Is the SCO is an instrument of countries to achieve their national interests or they have a common desire to unite and grow together, to be a force in an "unfair" world?To answer these questions, two assumptions should be highlighted.For the first case, the SCO is a regional cooperation organization like many other existing regional organizations (NATO, CSTO, CIS, etc.). The SCO is an instrument of foreign policy of member countries to achieve its objectives joint problem solving as: regional security, economic development and cooperation policyIn the latter case, the SCO is transformed from mere cooperation in the organization of regional integration, which leads to the emergence of a new region (unified) - which moves towards regionalism. To these questions our dissertation is dedicated
Lainé, Hugues. "La privatisation des entreprises d'Etat d'Europe centrale." Tours, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOUR1007.
Full textThe work presents from a comparative point of view the differents aspects (mostly the legal aspects but also the economic, political and the social aspects) of the privatisation of the state-owned enterprises in central europe (ex-gdr, hungary, poland, czech republic and slovakia). The introduction replaces the question of the question of the privatisations in the differents locals contexts, analyses the characteristics of the state-owned entreprises in each country, suggests a definition of the privatisation and mentions the different possible strategies for their privatisation. The privatisation through transformation of the state-owned enterprise into a company, followed by the transfer of its capital to the private sector constitutes the subject of the principals developments , because of its practival importance. The practical questions concerning the setting up and the running of entities in charge of the privatisation (state agencies, investment funds etc. ) are developed, just as the procedure of transforming the state-owened enterprises into companies (conditions, effects of the trnasformation etc), the running of the companies (company-law, difficulties concerning the nomination of the organs etc), their resturcturation (practical and theoretical aspects through the polish program) and the difficulties relating to these procedures (influence of the joint-management in poland, of the restitutions in each country, of the federalism in czechoslovbakia etc. ). The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the privatisation through neogciation about selling the capital (above all in germany, in hungary) and those about the privatisation without
Perrin-Terrin, Anne-Sophie. "Étude de la modulation par l’étonogestrel, l’érythropoïétine et la leptine de la réponse ventilatoire à l'hypercapnie. Détermination de cibles thérapeutiques potentielles pour le traitement des syndromes d’hypoventilation alvéolaire centrale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD019.
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Zhao, Pan. "L'évolution tectonique du Paléozoïque supérieur de la ceinture orogénique de l'Asie centrale du Centre-Oriental de la Mongolie intérieure." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2028/document.
Full textCentral-eastern Inner Mongolia, located in the southeastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is a key area to study the collisional-accretionary history between the North China Craton (NCC) and the northern continental blocks. The establishment of precise constraints of this tectonic framework and evolutional history are important to understand the accretion of CAOB. However, no any consensus has been achieved about the way and the timing of the accretion between NCC and the northern blocks. Therefore, multidisciplinary studies have been carried out on the Late Paleozoic strata and magmatic rocks in central-eastern Inner Mongolia. Based on our sedimentological analyses, detrital zircon geochronological constraints, geochemical studies and paleomagnetic investigations, integrating the previous results in petrology, geochemistry and paleontology, the Late Paleozoic sedimentary-tectonic evolution of the central-eastern Inner Mongolia has been established. Detailed sedimentological and geochemical studies show a transition from the Devonian molassic deposits to the Early Carboniferous denudation and from the Late Carboniferous inland-sea sediments to the Permian extensional basin deposits. According to the comprehensive analyses on sedimentary facies, geochemical characteristics and paleomagnetic data, we propose a Paleozoic subduction-collision- post-orogenic extension tectonic model for central-eastern Inner Mongolia
Drieu, Cloé. "Du muet au parlant : cinéma et sociétés en Ouzbékistan (1919-1937= : la fiction nationale." Paris, INALCO, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INAL0009.
Full textLe, Fur Soizic. "Les Faunes mammaliennes du Miocène supérieur du Tchad : structure des communautés et implications paléoenvironnementales." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Le-Fur-Soizic/2009-Le-Fur-Soizic-These.pdf.
Full textKouangou, Elie-Roger. "Les relations multilatérales en Afrique Centrale." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05D008.
Full textMlika, Cabanne Najoua. "Tuberculose et vih en afrique centrale." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA11T015.
Full textBalagna, Christophe. "L'architecture gothique religieuse en Gascogne centrale." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20020.
Full textN'Kodia, Claude. "Modèle économique d'intégration en Afrique centrale." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020132.
Full textThe present thesis aims at assessing the results of the economic integration of two regional customs unions in central africa, the custom and economic union of central african states (udeac) and the economic community of central african states (ceeac), in wake of major institutional changes (establishment in central africa of the cemac). Following an analysis of the concept and various merits of economic integration, the paper presents an assessment of the results. It is structured around the analysis of intra-union trade, the identification of various factors that hinder economic integration in central africa, and the determination of the respective accountabilities. Undertaken within a formal framework, economic integration has obviously not succeeded. This development can be observed in terms of estimed terms of trade for the udeac and ceeac, and it is evident in data for trade diversion effects. With a view to reform, the paper recommends a renovated approach in sector policy and institutional cooperation as well as a restructuring of udeac and ceeac foreign trade based on analysis of time-series data. The fast-expanding progress achieved in econometrics drawing on the theory of co-integration, allow to identify the determining factors that affect the foreign trade of member countries of the two customs unions. In this way the offer the analytical tools to assess and to forecast the progress in economic integration in central africa
MONNET, PASCAL. "L'administration militaire centrale sous le directoire." Paris, EPHE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPHE4036.
Full textThe principal object of this thesis is to study the institution and financial workings of war ministry between 1795 and 1799. Many biographicals investigations are showing the world of the offices and the life inside of them the other object of this work is to give a rapid view of the social political to the civil servants under the directory. Many other aspects of this thesis are speaking of the supplyings in the armies , relations with the contractors and the abuses made by these men
Scialom, Laurence. "Monnaie et banque centrale en Europe." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100111.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation aims to discuss the creation of a European central bank and a european currency. In the first part the argumentation in favour of the creation of a European central bank is based on both its long term historical dynamic and a theory of money putting the payment system at the center of monetary economy. The second part concerns the institutional organization and the concrete functioning of the future european system of central banks. The discussion is partly based on the analogy with the Federal Reserve System, both in its decentralized functioning period (until 1935) and in its actual structure. The use of this analogy constitutes one of the originalities of this second part. The main developments concern the following issues : the mandate and the independence of the european central bank, the impossibility to apply the principle of subsidiarity in monetary policy, the prudential policy (supervision, prudential regulation, lender of last resort, deposit insurance and the security of payment systems) and the monetary policy both in transitory and final phase of the european monetary unification process
Jacob, Dominique. "La banque centrale et le secret." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40039.
Full textMust the central bank revele or not its private information ? This question must take account of the diversity of the information sets of the agents to which the central bank address its announcements. By using extraction signal models (cokierman and meltzer 1986) and cheap talk models (stein 1989, garfinkel and oh, 1995), this thesis gives a strategic justification for ambiguity and secrecy in banking and exchange rate policy. It concludes to the superiority of transparence in monetary policy. These conclusions could be applied to the politic of the european central bank
Mantsié, Rufin-Willy. "Un essai sur la libéralisation des institutions monétaires de la zone B. E. A. C." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX32045.
Full textMoney matter's. This ossertion means the paramount necessity of institutional conception in the process of economics performances. In the case of the b. E. A. C. Currency area, taht aspect is yet observed. The public monetary management, in charge of the politico-bureaucratics discretion, leads to a series of disosters in the financial and economic fields. A private central bank and the liberalization of financial activities are suggested in other to cut down these disorders. That's the way to establish rights and to improve entrepreneurship acts in these countries. The monetary substitution advocated'll improve a competition able to lead up to an integration and economic development in b. E. A. C. Currency area
Bakam, Victor. "Les fluctuations pluviométriques en Afrique centrale : étude régionale." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL12037.
Full textThe problems about research in tropical climatology are mainly the lwo density of observations post, the inequal spatial repartition of measurements and the very bad quality of some series, because of the importance of missing datas. The value of results and conclusions depend of the exactness in reviewer of existing datas and their spatial repartition. In central africa, the study of rainfall comming from the best stations in the period going from 1946 to 1985 shows the evolution and the main climatic change seen at continental and planet scale in the second half of the twentieth century. The main componment analysis allows a global approch of rainfall evolution and spatial organisation of rainfall field variability. The maps show the spatial organisation of rainfall variability field, and the graphs of annual score s on factorial axes give pictures of the chronologic rainfall flucturations. These rainfall fluctuations in the region are in closely accordance with the diversity of the physical milieu; otherwise, there is a relation between the rainfall diminution and the activity of the two actions center which deal with the spatial organisation of rainfield. The final result is a general rainfall deficiency irrelevant to the weakening of st. Helena anticyclone and the reinforcement of harmattan winds comming from sahara. In the north, the faillure of rainfall is more important than in the south. If the trend observes since 1970 continues, the monthly rainfall means which caracterise african intertropical rainfall regimes should be modified. Mainly if the normal rainfall period runs from 1970 to 2000, according to the 30 years wmo recommandations
Nemlaghi, Anass. "Approche géomicrobiologique des processus d'altération et de bioconstruction des surfaces d'art rupestre en Asie centrale : (Kazakhstan & Sibérie Méridionale)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010637.
Full textAdapting the techniques of natural sciences to archaeology, especially in rock art investigations, provides valuable information on the mechanisms of alteration and biosedimentary deposits affecting the wall surfaces in central Asia (south of Siberia and Kazakhstan). Chemical analyses of mangano-ferrugineous patina and carbonated concretions, occurring on the petroglyphs, suggest an external origin of their constituents. Scanning electron microscopy (sem) reveals constant interactions of mineral substances with organic ones. The abundance of micro-organisms supports a biogenic origin of these accretions. Geomicrobiological experiments imply bacteria activity in the biomineralisation process, different bacterial populations isolated from natural patina and carbonated deposits have shown their ability to precipitate manganese oxides or calcite in the culture medium. In this work, we have focused on the study of the formation of black patina, the most common form of coating occurring on wall surfaces. The results of this study suggest a theoretical model which uses both physico-chemical and biological processes to create a solution with an enhancement mn:fe ratios and biological process to precipitate iron and manganese through an enzymatic or non enzymatic oxidation. Mastering physico-chemical properties of patina and biochemical agents which control its final deposition is particularly relevant to paleoclimatic interpretations and rock art dating
Jacquesson, Svetlana. "La chasse au vol en Asie centrale : des oiseaux et des hommes." Paris, INALCO, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAL0017.
Full textBenayoun, Eric. "Politique de change dans les pays d'Europe centrale au cours de la transition." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40013.
Full textThis thesis analyses the evolution, involvement and outlook of exchange rate policy during the transition of central european countries. The introduction of convertbility and the initial choices of exchange rate policy are first examined. The results suggest concentrating the study on poland and czechoslovakia. The work, then, deals with the implications of these choices on two main elements of the first stage of transition : reorientation of external trade and inflation stabilization. The successes (relative) in these two domains raise the question of the cost of these economic policies. Indeded, the first stage reveals a deep recession. The study, then, looks into the analysis of recession and the outlook for economic recovery. The contractionary devaluation hypothesis is examined as well as the equilibrium level of the exchange rate for the second stage of the transition (economic recovery)
Kehoua, Gilles. "Etude qualitative des facteurs socio-économiques et familiaux du processus de stigmatisation dans la démence en Afrique Centrale." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0100/document.
Full textThe aging population is becoming a major political issue. It results in an increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases including dementia. Dementia is a major public health problem worldwide and in sub-Saharan Africa. It is assimilated to a real "Alzheimer tsunami", because of the growing number of people with dementia. In 50% of cases, they are taken care of in residential care facilities for dependent elderly people or by ambulatory professionals in high-income countries. By cons, in low and middle incomes countries, their taken care is informal, provided by informal caregivers who are neither trained nor encouraged, having links of kinship as filiation, alliance and germanic with people with dementia. In sub- Saharan Africa, mental illnesses are rich in pejorative and demeaning sociocultural representations. The main objective was to describe socio-economic and family factors in the process of stigmatization of people with dementia in urban and rural areas in the Republic of Congo. An ethnological study was conducted in three months’ immersion on the ground. Non-directive interviews conducted in the local (Lingala, Kituba, Mbochi, Teke and Lari) and official languages (French) and complemented by participant observation were used to collect all the data. They were literally transcribed before their classification into themes. Informal caregivers were mainly daughters-in-law and granddaughters. The latter were considered as purveyors of informal care to an estimated duration between 10 to 15 hours a day, against daughters-in-law considered abusers and available between 2 to 6 hours per day. The irregular income of informal caregivers associated with the socio-cultural representations of people with dementia first led to their care by the syncretic churches, with strict diets for exorcism sessions. The second resort was traditional healers using medicinal plants, prayers-incantations and scarifications. Some people with dementia were accused of witchcraft and condemned in public in front of a customary jurisdiction. This accusation of witchcraft was the major form of stigmatization. In the Republic of Congo as in sub-Saharan Africa, the disease is constructed from nuclei of symbols from culture
Collot, Pierre-Alain. "Le principe de non-discrimination au regard de l'appartenance nationale dans le droit constitutionnel des États tchèque, slovène et hongrois." Nancy 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN20004.
Full textThe non-discrimination principle is one of the most important symbol of the process of constitutional transition as well as of the transormation of the concept of Constitution after the collapse of the socialist conception of rights. Resulting from the rule of law and the democracy principles, the right to non-discrimination is constitutionnaly expressed through a constitutional rule of equality and can be developed as legislative or constitutional form of positive discrimiation (special constitutional rights). Furthemore, if the constitutional formulation of the right to non-discrimination has been realised under the influnce of international and european conventions, its content has to be interpreted in the light of international law as well. Inside the domestic law, the right to non-discrimination is a public subjective right and a status negativus while a special constitutional right is status a positivus. At the same time, the non-discrimination is inseparable from the constitutional case law : a negative discrimination is always an arbitrary distinction and undermine equal dignity. In any case, the criteria of arbitrary or equal dignity require to control the comparability, the rationality and/or the proportionality of the legal distinction. In spite of this universality, the criteria of nationality imposes a form of relativity to the non discrimination principle since each State is able to develop freely its national question, to organise the protection of kin and national minorities. In the same way, the national question has substantially influenced the domestic rules of citizenship. Finally, if the social rights are simply linked to non discrimination and equal opportunity principles, the right to education, as well as the linguistic, cutlural and political rights are protected by the right to non discrimination and special constitutional rights