Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Centrales hydroélectriques'
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Gaudefroy, de Mombynes Tiphaine. "L'entreprise, stratège et négociateur en matière d'environnement : le cas de la filière hydroélectrique d'EDF." Paris, ENGREF, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003152.
Full textIf some actors of the society gave themselves for mission to protect the environment, such as environmental NGOs, others on the contrary are confronted with this problematic without having chosen it. Those are the industrial firms whose activity generates negative impacts on the environment and which end up called as such. So the question comes up to know “which participation in environment protection we can expect from these firms?” and “how to evaluate this participation”. These are the pragmatic and theoretical problems which this thesis intends to answer. It is supported by the analysis of the participation of the EDF hydroelectric branch in water environmental management, and it mobilizes research works made on firm’s behaviour, negotiation, conflict and stakeholder theory while joining within the field of environment management. The thesis we defend shows that we can only think about and understand the firm participation in environment protection if we recognize the synergic dimension (thus cooperation and negotiation) underlying the confrontation firm versus environment. But it also underlines the importance of assuming the conflict dimension which is inevitably associated with it. Furthermore the thesis asserts that we only can think about and understand this participation if we take a keen interest in the complex set of influences which articulate the internal organisational issues of a firm to the external relational strategies this firm sets up from the local arena up to the global arena of environmental decisions and actions. We propose then a model which allows to apprehend the efficiency of a given environmental management system and to evaluate the firm participation in this system towards the above elements mentioned. The thesis finally proposes certain recommendations to firms concerned as well as elements of answer to our pragmatic question
Bauer, Jacques. "Répercussions des aménagements hydroélectriques de la Romanche sur l'environnement physique et humain." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE19011.
Full textBreban, Stefan. "Etude du Système de Conversion Electromécanique d’une Microcentrale Hydroélectrique à Vitesse Variable." Paris, ENSAM, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005062.
Full textThe interest for renewable energy is growing every day, globally. The European Union’s objective is to increase, by year 2020, the production of electrical energy from renewable sources with 20% of the total energy consumption. With this aim, the majority of countries have decided to reduce the gas emissions responsible for the greenhouse effect. This decision implies the using reduction of the fossil fuel (oil, coal, natural gas) based power plants and increasing use of the renewable based power plants like micro-hydropower plants. The micro-hydro has a great potential of development, and will have an important role in the future of renewable energy production, the applications pointed are the electric energy supply of the remote areas or connected to power network in association with other renewable energy production units like wind power plants. The aim of this thesis is to develop theoretical and experimental (on the test bench) the structure of a micro-hydropower plant with variable speed. The system consists of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) linked mechanically and electrically (through back-to-back power electronic converters in the rotor circuit) to a permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). This study concerns the aspects about the electrical machines control, islanded operation and connection to power grid and also the association with other renewable energy sources. The association with a fixed speed wind generator was studied. In addition, a storage device with supercapacitors was added having the role to increase the penetration rate into the islanded or strong power grids
Liu, Yongqian. "Contributions to the methodologies and technologies for the intelligent control-maintenance -technical management systems (ICMMS) in Hydropower Plants." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10021.
Full textBased on the system thought and GERAM, a methodology and ICMMS (Intelligent Control-Maintenance-technical Management Systems) reference model for hydropower plants are proposed. Because the structures of the hydropower generating process are unchanging, the methodology employs the process-oriented approaches to model the hydropower plants, and the models constructed through this methodology are stable and reusable. The proposed Reference Model grasps the similarities and unchangeabilities of the hydropower plants, therefore the redistributing of the function modules inside the system can be done in a natural and easy way, while the synergies among the components of the system are guaranteed. To implement the ICMMS in hydropower plants, HSAS (Hybrid Smart Automation System) is proposed in which integrates the conventional controllers and fieldbus based components under fully distributed system architecture. In the maintenance domain, the concept of Condition Monitoring is clearly defined, and related technologies for hydropower plants are summarized and analyzed. The condition monitoring system is integrated into the ICMMS under the Reference Model proposed above. In the technical management domain, the performance evaluation methods and implement system is a lacuna item to the HGUs (Hydroelectric Generating Units), however it is indispensable for ICMMS. Some important concepts, indexes, criterions and methodologies for the performance evaluation on HGUs are proposed. An economic performances evaluation system for HGUs is proposed, with which the efficiency state, the level of operation management, and the maintenance state of an HGU can be measured through qualitative indexes. A real test case illustrated effectiveness of the method. Based on this method, a new maintenance strategy, EBM (Economic performance Based Maintenance) is proposed and illustrated through a case study. As a contribution to the control domain, a new method, DAA (Disturbance Attenuation Approach), is proposed to design hydraulic turbine governors. Finally, some philosophical thoughtlets of the author for the system integration are presented
Dellinger, Guilhem. "Etude expérimentale et optimisation des performances hydrauliques des vis d'Archimède utilisées dans les micro centrales hydroélectriques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD046/document.
Full textThe potential for hydropower generation using micro-hydro plants is still under exploited in Europe. The Archimede Screw Generators are a growing technology convenient for low-head hydraulic sites. This thesis studies the hydraulic performance of this turbine. The first part of thiswork presents an experimental device using a laboratory screw scale. This device allows to test screw performance for various hydraulic conditions and geometrical parameters. A theoretical model predicting the screw performance has then been developed and validated with experimental results.The complex flows occurring within the screw are studied thanks to 3D and unsteady numerical simulations. The numerical results are validated experimentally. The insights provided on the flow structure permit to develop a new leakage model. These leakages are a major source of efficiency loss. Eventually, all these results will allow the implementation of an industrial dimensioning model
Fabrizy, Marie-Pierre. "Contribution à l'insertion des petites centrales hydroélectriques dans un environnement existant : le cas de la Corse." Corte, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CORT3006.
Full textBoyer-Bernard, Sylvie. "Contribution à la définition de dispositifs d'évitement des centrales hydroélectriques pour les juvéniles de poissons migrateurs." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT010A.
Full textFahrner, Gwenaëlle. "Typologie des impacts potentiels des ouvrages hydroélectriques sur les populations de truite situées en aval." AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/57/54/27/PDF/these-Fahrner-VF032011.pdf.
Full textResearch conducted on Brown trout populations downstream of impoundments has showed the influence of several natural constraints. First, population dynamics analysis of 3 Brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations, along with a multiple-sites analysis (53 stations) of relationships between by-passed sections populations and their physical habitat templet, showed several structuring factors. The first filter is stream width. On top of that, natural flood events constrain the populations. Furthermore, habitat fragmentation related to the size of each dam affects juveniles variability, while flow replenishment along the bypassed section parlty determines trout abundance. The second step consisted in characterizing the physical habitat in which the different salmonid regulated reaches are to be found, for the entire hydroelectric EDF (Electricité de France) facilities. 15 types were established, based on their mountain range (Alps, Pyrénées and Massif Central), on the combination of two major hydromorphological variables (stream gradient and mean annual streamflow), and on the flow-sediment regime. Finally, litterature general knowledge on impacts of impoundments on trout populations and specific knowledge from the multiple-sites analysis were combined with the different types of regulated reaches physical habitats. General knowlege on stream habitats sensitivity of a given area can be gained from this combination. Using these results, it is possible to build an ecological risk assessment framework for bypassed reaches trout populations : this framework assess the risk related to a given impoundment, risk which comes on top of preexisting physical natural constraints defined according to the type the reaches belong to
Dartiguelongue, Jean. "Contribution à l'étude de la mortalité des poissons au passage des turbines d'installations hydroélectriques : méthodologie et analyse des données." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT009A.
Full textNazon, Philippe Pierre. "Etude du développement des petits aménagements hydroélectriques par une approche de génie industriel et de gestion de projet." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30076.
Full textCéréghino, Régis. "Influence des éclusées hydroélectriques sur la structure et la dynamique des populations d'invertébrés d'une rivière pyrénéenne de moyenne montagne." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30010.
Full textRossetto, Edimar Rodrigo. "O projeto formativo de educação do campo do Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens (MAB) no oeste e no sudoeste paranaense." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/58.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Actuellement, il est nécessaire de parler des mouvements sociaux ruraux, mais il faut préciser comment, où, quand et pourquoi ces articulations populaires se forment. Le Mouvement des personnes affectées par un barrage (MAB) est reconnu non seulement au Brésil, en raison de son ordre du jour principal de la lute principale qui se trouve dans la défense des droits des personnes touchées par les barrages, mais il est vu et souligné au niveau international, en particulier en Amérique latine. La zone étudiée, à savoir de l'Ouest et du Sud-Paraná, est considérée par certains théoriciens comme arrière-pays de l'Etat, en raison du fait que le processus d'occupation et de colonisation fut tardie. C‟est à partir de l'installation de la centrale hydroélectrique d'Itaipu (de UHI), que la population locale et régionale est atteinte, conduisant à la première articulation populaire contre les barrages, qui se consolide à partir pressions religieuses, précisement, la Commission pastorale de la terre (CPT-PR). En ce sens, la lutte des paysans expropriés contre Itaipu réaffirme et unifie les autres luttes, également provoquées par l'installation de centrales hydroélectriques de petite envergure. Par consequente, il fout comprendre la lutte de la Commission régionale des personnes affecteés par le barrage du bassin de la rivière Iguaçu (CRABI), qui a été consolidée dans les années 1990, en recevant le soutien des dirigeants sociaux qui ont combattu dans Itaipu et d'autres dirigeants d‟autresEtats de Fédération. Cette commission c‟est renforcée au détriment de l'expropriation des paysans et des villageois sont soumis, à partir de l'installation de la centrale hydroélectrique du Gouverneur José Richa plus connu sous le nom de centrale hydroélectrique de Salto Caxias, située sur la rivière Iguaçu, á la division entre les municipalités de Captaine Leonidas Marques ( rive droite) et la Nouva-Prata do Iguaçu (rive gauche). C‟est á partir de cet ensemble de luttes que le MAB est consolidé dans le soi-disant «arriere-pays de Paraná», se joigmant à un mouvement national contre les barrages,c‟est-à-dire le MAB national. Dans cette ligne d‟analyse, ce travail a pour objectif central de comprendre le rôle des dirigeants - de la lutte venant de Salto Caxias, a partir de la réinstallation des personnes expropriées dans la lutte pour l'éducation, avec la consolidation des écoles rurales dans le nouvel emplacement acquis par Companhia Paranaense de l'énergie électrique (de COPEL). Comme les établissements d'enseignement sont le résultat de la lutte des paysans et du MAB est inséré dans la lutte pour un projet formatif de l'éducation, axée sur les intérêts des communautés de la campagne comme mentionné ci-dessus, nous cherchons à comprendre comment le souvenir de la lute du mouvement social s‟insére dans le quotidien scolaire à travers un projet d'école vivante, conforme à la réalité de la campagne. En termes de méthodologie, la recherche bibliographique pour la jonction de la reférence théorique s‟est réalise dans les oeuvres, thèses, mémoires et monographies sur le sujet étudié. Mais le travail empirique a consisté dans la collecte de données dans le domaine de la recherche, soit, dans les deux écoles et au le Secrétariat du MAB régional de la ville de Francisco Beltrão / PR. Cette étape a été réalisée au moyen d'entrevues avec les enseignants, avec les dirigeants de l'école et du mouvement social. On a appliqué un questionnaire fermé de 12 questions faites à 50% des étudiants présents dans toutes les classes de l'école secondaire le jour de la visite dans les deux collèges. Dans le College de réinstallation saint François d'Assise, les questionnaires ont été appliquées le matin et les interviews le matin et l'après-midi. Alors que dans le College de réinstallation Saint-Marc, les questionnaires et les entretiens ont été appliquées le soir. La différence dans les périodes dans les quelles les questionnaires et les entretiens ont été appliquées dans les écoles est liée à l‟organisation des activités de chaque institution et de la fréquence du mouvement des enseignants et des responsables dans chaque institution. Enfin dans le département de mouvement, les dates de réalisation on varié en fonction de la disponibilité de chaque responsable d'accorder l'entrevue.
Atualmente é mister falar de movimentos sociais do campo, porém cabe pontuar como, onde, quando e porque estas articulações populares se formam. O Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens (MAB) é reconhecido não só no Brasil, devido a sua pauta de luta principal que recai na defesa dos direitos da população afetada por barragens, mas é visto e enfatizado internacionalmente, principalmente na América Latina. A região pesquisada, a saber, Oeste e Sudoeste paranaense, é vista por alguns teóricos como o sertão do Estado, devido ao fato de ter seu processo de ocupação e colonização tardio. É a partir da instalação da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu (UHI), que a população local e regional é atingida, dando origem à primeira articulação popular contra barragens, que se consolida a partir de pressão religiosa, no caso, a Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT-PR). Nesse sentido, a luta dos sujeitos expropriados do campo contra Itaipu reafirma e unifica as demais lutas, originadas também pela instalação de usinas hidrelétricas de menor abrangência. Portanto, recai entender o processo de luta da Comissão Regional dos Atingidos por Barragens da Bacia do Rio Iguaçu (CRABI), que se consolidou na década de 1990, recebendo o apoio dos líderes sociais que lutaram em Itaipu e demais lideranças provindas de outros Estados da federação. Esta comissão se fortalece em detrimento à expropriação de sujeitos do campo e vileiros, a partir da instalação da Usina Hidrelétrica Governador José Richa, mais conhecida como Usina Hidrelétrica de Salto Caxias, localizada no Rio Iguaçu, nas divisas entre os municípios de Capitão Leônidas Marques (margem direita) e Nova Prata do Iguaçu (margem esquerda). É a partir deste conjunto de lutas que o MAB se consolida no chamado sertão paranaense , se aglutinando a um movimento nacional contra barragens, neste caso, o MAB Nacional. Nessa linha de análise, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo central entender o papel das lideranças-provindas da luta em Salto Caxias, a partir da realocação dos sujeitos expropriados para reassentamentos-na luta por educação, com a consolidação de escolas do campo na nova localidade adquirida pela Companhia Paranaense de Energia Elétrica (COPEL). Como as instituições educacionais são fruto da luta dos sujeitos do campo, e o MAB está inserido na luta por um projeto formativo de educação, voltado aos interesses das comunidades do campo, como já mencionado, procura-se entender como a memória de luta do movimento social se insere no dia a dia escolar por meio de um projeto de escola viva, condizente com a realidade do campo. Em termos de metodologia, a garimpagem bibliográfica para a junção do referencial teórico se realizou por meio de obras, teses, dissertações e monografias referentes ao tema trabalhado. Já o trabalho empírico consistiu-se na coleta de dados no campo de pesquisa, ou seja, nos dois colégios e na Secretaria Regional do MAB do município de Francisco Beltrão/PR. Esta etapa foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com professores, com lideranças escolares e do movimento social. Foi aplicado um questionário fechado com 12 questões para 50% dos educandos presentes em todas as turmas do Ensino Médio, no dia da visita, nos dois colégios. No Colégio Estadual do Reassentamento São Francisco de Assis, os questionários foram aplicados no período matutino e as entrevistas na parte da manhã e da tarde. Já no Colégio Estadual do Reassentamento São Marcos, os questionários e as entrevistas foram aplicados no período noturno. A diferença nos períodos em que foram aplicados os questionários e as entrevistas nos colégios está ligada à organicidade das atividades de cada instituição de ensino e no movimento de frequência dos professores e das lideranças em cada instituição. Já no departamento do movimento, as datas de realização variaram conforme a disponibilidade de cada líder em conceder a entrevista.
Zannas, Konstantinos. "Développement de capteurs RFID passifs dédiés au monitoring des groupes alternateurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT119.
Full textIn the context of the Internet of Things and the industrial revolution 4.0, new technologies are expected to offer solutions in several industrial related problems. The RFID technology and its evolution to a sensing solution is very promising and could potentially find application in the industrial environment. The work of this thesis was carried out in the context of Innov’Hydro project with the participation of several academic and industrial partners. The main goal of the Innov’Hydro project was to explore new sensing solutions for the harsh industrial environment of hydroelectric power-plants and especially in the interior of the generators. The bulky generators of the power-plants are susceptible to break downs due to the oxidation of high current conducting parts. One solution to avoid such break downs is to monitor the temperature and/or the deformation in the interior of the generators and especially of the vulnerable parts. In order to monitor these parts, the small size, the high accuracy and a potential passive operation of the sensors are critical attributes of the sensing solution. All these attributes can be found in the UHF RFID technology and the recently introduced concept of sensor-tags. Therefore, by utilizing novel RFID sensor-tag designs and RFID configurations, the possibility of temperature and stress sensing in the real environment of the hydroelectric power-plants is explored in depth. A series of measurements and tests are conducted in both laboratory and real industrial environment with promising results
Rodrigues, Lima Janailson. "Variable speed pumped storage plants multi-time scale control to allow its use to power system stability." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE039.
Full textThe future energy mix used toproduce electricity will include large shares ofrenewable energy sources (renewables). Theintrinsic time varying nature of these sourceswill be in the first a hinder to power systems'stability, but as their share will increase theypower of the machine but only for a limited time(typically 5 – 10 seconds); the second stage isthe hydraulic system that reacts slower (afterapprox. 15 seconds) but has a lot of energystored.These different time scales can be of uppermostUniversité Paris-SaclayEspace Technologique / Immeuble DiscoveryRoute de l’Orme aux Merisiers RD 128 / 91190 Saint-Aubin, Francemust be explicitly taken into account in thefuture when stabilizing the network. Forconstant use of renewables, in a Europe-widemanner, large storage will be capital. This isalready partially the case today, where pumpedwater storage is largely used. In fact waterstorage still is the most reliable and efficientstorage system for large amounts of power. Buttoday this is still mainly dedicated to findnight/day or weekly equilibrium of productionand consumption. These store plants are ratherplanned for an on/off utilization and do notparticipate on ancillary services (dynamicparticipation on the short term equilibrium of aninterconnection of systems or regions).New technologies allow envisaging new usesfor large storage systems. Variable SpeedPumped Storage Plants (Variable Speed PSP)are now expected to be used in real time toprovide ancillary services, effectivelyparticipating in the stabilization of powersystems. The objectives of this work are to studysome of these possibilities. It will look atdifferent aspects of stabilization: Variable SpeedPSP can be seen from the outside like a twostage systems in cascade that reacts with timeconstants that are one order of magnitude apart.The system can react within 100ms with ratedimportance when considering system's stability.They allow Variable Speed PSP to be used as thecontrol input for different stabilizationproblems, but how to do it is still an openproblem. Today these stations are only used asstandard storage, allowing the match ofproduction and consumption within a region ornetwork. The objective now is to study their useto further applications, and in particular, to studythe possibility of using them as one of the keycomponents of the future Multi-terminal HVDCnetworks. Several questions are open, this workaims to answer part of them:Is it possible to use Variable Speed PSP forancillary services (transient stability forexample) in AC and/or HVCD networks?How to combine in an intelligent way HVDCand Variable Speed PSP?Optimum combination of fast and slow reactionin order to stabilize a power grid that combinesDC and AC?Is Variable Speed PSP a good way to increasethe capability of HVDC by adding a verydynamic storage element?How to merge the control of the HVDC line andthe Variable Speed?Can this setup help to damp oscillations in thegrid?
Rohmer, Julien. "Microcentrale hydroélectrique à vis d'Archimède : modélisation et analyse de performances." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD002.
Full textThis work focuses on a small hydro plant which uses the Archimedes screw. This is an alternative solution to smallscale hydropower as it employs unused resources such as small rivers or streams. Archimedes screw plants reverse the pump use principle and employ the available stream power for energy production in very low head application. Based on the state-of-the-art, a numerical model is established to estimate efficiencies, energy production and profitability of variable speed operations for a small hydro plant using Archimedes screw. Several theoretical results and simulations are proposed. We validated them experimentally on the prototype of INSA Strasbourg, developed within the framework of this thesis. Finally, actions carried out on the experimental prototype led to maximizing the transfer of energy and limiting losses. Then a very specific MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control strategy is developed and is currently being implemented
Jambard, Pierre. "La Société Auxiliaire d’Entreprises et la naissance de la grande entreprise française de bâtiment (1924-1974)." Paris 4, 2006. http://books.openedition.org/pur/3344.
Full textThe Company S. A. E was incorporated in 1924 by an important energy group to build power dams. This medium size company become independent and searching for new outlets it turned over to residential construction activities in the 1950’s. Under the leadership of two renowned contractors, Gino Valatelli and his successor Maurice Mathieu, it managed within a few years to pull itself to first rank of the French building trade companies. Big housing estates specialist, the Company S. A. E became one of the main actors of modernization of the “Thirty Glorious Years” France, with regards to urbanization, progress, modern conveniences and to evolution of one of the main branches of economy, the building industry. It gave the first example of large company in the modern meaning of the word, in the French housing history. This work is a story of a company and tries to enlighten the original features of its growth compared with a professional branch still hardly studied and, beyond this, with the great transformations linked to industrialization and urbanization of French society. It wishes to show a view which has been overlooked for ages, the constructors’ view of the wide work of nowadays town history and especially of social housing. This study allows to understand how the main building trade companies had to innovate, in order to meet an exceptional social demand. On this account, the study of the set up business system also contributes to work history
Randriamamonjy, Maxime Dollys Hary Nantenaina. "Optimisation des équipements hydro-mécaniques d'une mini-centrale hydroélectrique." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0154.
Full textDalmas, Violaine. "Approximations d'ordre réduit des équations de Saint-Venant pour la modélisation de vallée hydroélectrique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT097/document.
Full textNew challenges arise from energy transition toward a more sustainable energy mix. Hydropower is already the main source of renewable electricity. In order to integrate a massive increase in generation of renewable intermitent energies, improving the flexibility of run-of-the-river hydropower plants becomes essential. In this thesis, we focus on run-of-the river power plants facing water level constraints. Safety issues, partly due to the multiple uses of water, and the opportunity to modulate turbined flow rates have led us to adress the problem of flow modelisation in open channels that connect run-of-the rivers facilities with each others. An accurate model is provided by the Saint-Venant equations. From these latters, we have proposed different approaches to characterize analytically the flow dynamics in response to turbined flow variations. The system dynamics have been considered around a subcritical stationary non-uniform regime typical of hydroelectric configuration. The first approach is based on a low frequency approximation. The second approach is based on a parametric model reduction technique. By seeking explicitly an approximate solution to the linearized Saint-Venant equations around an hydroelectric configuration, we have proposed a third approach. A space-frequency criterion is introduced, which shows a bias in low frequency. Results of the first approach are then used to propose a reduced order model asymptotically exact in low frequency. As for the two other approaches, the solution takes the shape of parametric transfer functions. Resonance/anti-resonance modes explicitly appear. Finally, comparisons with non-linear simulations taking into account actual real data are discussed and a water level controller is developed based on the last approach
Guo, Baoling. "Modélisation et commandes avancées de systèmes hydro-électriques à vitesse variable." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT016.
Full textThis PhD thesis is in the frame of project Innov'hydro, which involves five joint Grenoble INP laboratories with the CNRS and Grenoble Alpes and aims to review the assembly composed by the turbine and the electric generator. Within this frame, this thesis carried out in G2Elab, is dedicated to advanced control techniques for efficiently converting the hydraulic energy into electric power.When the hydro-electric plant is connected with the grids as a supplier, namely `PQ mode', it either delivers the exact amount of active and reactive power according to the actual demand or allows to exploit the maximum of the available primary resource. This thesis is targeting on the latter case: The machine-side converter confirms the optimal rotational speed to achieve the maximum power; the grid-side converter ensures the constant DC-link voltage, and to send the good quality power to the grid. A conventional variable-speed direct drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)-based topology is implemented, it is composed of a hydraulic turbine, a PMSG, back-to-back voltage source converters with PWM interacting with the three-phase grid.A Variable-Speed Hydro-Electric Plant (VS-HEP) is a nonlinear time-varying system disturbed by various uncertainties. Thus, this thesis devotes more efforts to improving the control robustness and disturbance rejection ability. The contributions of this thesis are as follows:1. Hydraulic model and PHIL implementation• A reduced-scale hydraulic model is flexibly established for various laboratory operation conditions.• The dynamic model of guide vane actuator is introduced in order to take into account the effects of the induced dynamics on the whole electric performance.• Based on the flexible real-time PHIL benchmark in G2Elab, a variable speed hydraulic test rig is built, being adapted to the proposed reduced-scale model.2. Advanced control of high robustness and disturbance rejection ability• An ADRC-based speed controller is proposed to improve the speed tracking performance, thus enabling efficient MPPT operation. Besides, a torque observer is incorporated to mitigate the effects caused by hydraulic torque variations. Experimental results prove its advantages for VS-HEP application.• An enhanced ESO-based controller is implemented into DC-link control loop. It achieves higher robustness and improve control dynamics. And it is simple to design and employ for practical engineers.3. ESO-based synchronization technique• An enhanced ESO-PLL is proposed. The internal uncertainties and external disturbances in PLL system are estimated via ESO and actively compensated into closed-loop dynamics in real-time, which can achieve high robustness in dealing with disturbances.• A Generalized Integrator (GI)-ESO is proposed for system with high-frequency sinusoidal disturbances. A generalized integrator is introduced to estimate the high-frequency disturbance in the design.• A GI-ESO-based PLL is proposed for under power quality degradation issues (unbalanced voltage, harmonics, and voltage offset). The high-frequency errors appearing in the estimated phase can be eliminated by employing the GI-ESO.4. Optimal management of pumped-storage hydro-electric plant• A forward dynamic program approach is used to optimally manage the pumping and generating operation time for a hybrid pumped-storage hydro-electric system.• The profits for all operation regimes of variable speed operation and fixed speed are compared.• The daily profits increase compared with the normal operation mode, meanwhile, it can maintain the hydraulic restrictions and water consumption to local residents
Bernard-Légat, Lucie. "La patrimonialisation d'un ouvrage hydro-électrique en milieu périurbain : le cas du canal de jonage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH026/document.
Full textThe subject of this thesis and the aim of this research is the Cusset plant-dam in the Rhone department in the town of Villeurbanne and the canal which supplies it with water. This hydro-electric power plant, started up in 1899, is part of a renovation project, 19 kilometres long, on the banks of the Jonage canal which is a derivation of the Rhone upriver from the city of Lyon. Cusset is a symbolic element in the history of electricity that is visible in the urban site of Lyon and which is moreover still in use. The building of the Jonage canal, at a transitional period in the history of energy when electricity took over as the main power supply, marks "the growing importance of French hydro-electricity". It was the first time that a dam was built on a big river near a town. At the same time as plants were being built near the waterfalls of the Alps and the Pyrenees, with Cusset, for the first time, electricity was being brought to already existing industrial sites. This project would make Lyon the most electrified city in France thanks to the plant which was the most powerful in Europe when it was built. Cusset is not only a technical symbol but also a political one, incarnating the overall modernity of the Lyonnais area. This project is in fact threefold : water supply, fluvial navigation and the production of electricity.The plant-dam of Cusset and the building of the Jonage canal have already been studied as the subject of historical research. In this thesis, the aim is to focus the research on the Cusset plant-dam and the Jonage canal on the heritage impact of the project rather than the historical impact. There is no denying that Cusset is a great heritage site , not only for its innovative value, but also for its spectacular architecture. Cusset is a real reservoir of pictures, the most symbolic certainly being the poster of the electricity fairy on the Jonage canal. The architecture of the building is the result of the joint work of the engineer and the architect. Moreover the majesty of the building is already being enhanced when illuminated at night. It can now be said that it has been possible to combine the industrial exploitation of a site whilst respecting the heritage of that same site. The overall aspect of the site as well as the interior have hardly changed since the renovation carried out in the thirties. Cusset, a site where energy is produced,( mainly hydro-electric power but there is also a thermic plant), and a site where energy is transported. It can truly be said that Cusset is an exceptional site which for many reasons deserves to have special attention paid to it.This thesis however does not simply examine the heritage and buildings of the site. As we have already said, the Cusset plant-dam is part of a project that stretches over 19 kilometres. For the past few years, the Greater Lyon authorities have been working on an important development project for the banks of the Jonage canal. The "Carré de soie", an area near to the plant is also changing. So today Cusset goes beyond being simply a power plant by being integrated into the more global project of redefining the urban area in which it is situated. The Cusset plant and dam must be considered as a whole , taking into account the buildings, the development of the canal banks and the city around it. So this research into the heritage site is concentrated on the specific relationship between the plant and its environment and the various aspects, events and perceptions that have made or can make Cusset a heritage site that has been integrated into an urban setting. It is also interesting to study the various people and institutions that have contributed over time to making this energy production site a heritage site. It is from this point of view that this thesis raises new points of interest to be explored and researched around this industrial site
Phrakonkham, Sengprasong. "Contribution au pré dimensionnement et à l'optimisation des sites de production d'énergie électrique en site isolé à partir des énergies renouvelables : application au cas du Laos." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112138.
Full textSince 2004, a collaboration between Université Paris Sud of France and the Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, National University of Laos (NUOL) has been carried out on the control of power electronics for the management of renewable energies source in Laos. Therefore in 2009, the French Government has funded a PhD thesis on the development of a designing tool for the early-sizing of renewable electricity production for isolated villages in Laos. This thesis report is organized in three chapters:Chapter I presents a short review of the status and development plans for the electrification of Laos. Then, based on a two-month field study in Northern Laos, analyses of energy consumptions of households in isolated villages and available renewable sources, using small scale hydro power plants and solar systems among others, are presented. Afterward, micro-grid configurations and technologies adapted to Laos are discussed. Obtained results are used in the next chapters as specifications for the designing tool.Chapter II focuses on software tools for system design and system modeling. First, a short review of the existing early-sizing tools for renewable energy sources for isolated villages is presented. But an analysis of evaluated software's such as LEAP, HOMER, HOGA, etc. shows that they are not opened enough to facilitate the development of a flexible and scalable designing too. Thus, Matlab/Simulink software is chosen as an open and highly adaptable architecture research tool. Then, specific models for renewable sources, storage devices, grid configuration are developed in order to facilitate the optimization procedures of an off-grid system design. After that, a short review of the existing optimization algorithms, available in Matlab, is carried out. Then, a paralleled mono-objective Genetic Algorithm is configured and applied in the next chapter.Chapter III presents several designs of isolated villages in Laos, using renewable energies. The specifications focus on isolated villages of about 50 houses for 120 inhabitants. The economic aspect is a key point in order to minimize costs of designed system while satisfying daily load demands of the village. For this task, locally available natural resources such as rivers and solar radiation are considered as energy sources. Various optimizations using continuous and discrete optimization algorithms are conducted taken into account the sources constraints and a short review of the existing hybrid system performance indicators is carried out, such as: Loss of Power Supply Probability, Forced outage rates, Annualized Cost of System, Levelized Cost of Energy, etc. Finally, the results obtained in this thesis show that renewable sources can be used at a reasonable price for off-grid electrification of isolated villages in Laos. Moreover, the developed designing tool can easily be adapted to new models of renewable sources and storage devices, which is the main interest of a designing tool for the early-sizing of off-grid renewable electricity production for isolated villages in Laos
Ješe, Uroš. "Numerical study of pump-turbine instabilities : pumping mode off-design conditions." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI090/document.
Full textFlexibility and energy storage seem to be the main challenges of the energy industry at the present time. Pumped Storage Power Plants (PSP), using reversible pump-turbines, are among the most cost-efficient solutions to answer these needs. To provide a rapid adjustment to the electrical grid, pump-turbines are subjects of quick switching between pumping and generating modes and to extended operation under off-design conditions. To maintain the stability of the grid, the continuous operating area of reversible pump-turbines must be free of hydraulic instabilities. Two main sources of pumping mode instabilities are the presence of the cavitation and the rotating stall, both occurring at the part load. Presence of cavitation can lead into vibrations, loss of performance and sometimes erosion. Moreover, due to rotating stall that can be observed as periodic occurrence and decay of recirculation zones in the distributor regions, the machine can be exposed to uncontrollable shift between the operating points with the significant discharge modification and the drop of the efficiency. Both phenomena are very complex, three-dimensional and demanding for the investigation. Especially rotating stall in the pump-turbines is poorly addressed in the literature. First objective of the presented PhD study has been to develop the cost-efficient numerical methodology in order to enable the accurate prediction and analysis of the off-design part load phenomena. The investigations have been made on the reduce-scaled high head pump-turbine design (nq = 27rpm) provided by Alstom Hydro. Steady and unsteady numerical calculations have been performed using code FINE/Turbo with barotropic cavitation model implemented and developed before in the laboratory. Some of the numerical results have been compared to the experimental data. Cavitating flow analysis has been made for various flow rates and wide range of cavitation levels. Flow investigation has been focused on the cavitation influence on the flow behavior and on the performance of the machine. Main analyses include incipient cavitation values, head drop curves and cavitation forms prediction for wide ranges of flow rates and NPSH values. Special attention has been put on the interaction between cavitation forms and the performance drop (hump zone) caused by the rotating stall. Cavitation results showed good agreement with the provided experimental data. Second part of the thesis has been focused on the prediction and analysis of the rotating stall flow patterns. Computationally fast steady simulations has been presented and used to predict stable and unstable operating regions. The analyses have been done on 4 different guide vanes openings and 2 guide vanes geometries. In order to get detailed information about the unsteady flow patterns related to the rotating stall, more exact unsteady simulations have been performed. Local flow study has been done to describe in details the governing mechanisms of the rotating stall. The analyses enable the investigations of the rotating stall frequencies, number of stalled cells and the intensity of the rotating stall. Moreover, the unsteady calculations give very good prediction of the pump-turbine performance for both, stable and unstable operating regions. Numerical results give very good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the available experimental data. The approach appears to be very reliable, robust and precise. Even though the numerical results (rotating stall frequencies, number of cells...) on the actual geometry should be confirmed experimentally, author believes that the methodology could be used on any other pump-turbine (or centrifugal pump) geometry. Moreover, the simulations can be used industrially to study the effects of the guide vanes geometries, guide vanes opening angles and influence of the gap between the impeller and the distributor in order to reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of the rotating stall
Trepanier, Cheralee. "L’impact de l’instauration de la centrale hydroélectrique Caribou Falls sur la communauté One Man Lake située dans le nord-ouest de l’Ontario." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38662.
Full textBou-Fakhreddine, Bassam. "Modeling, Control and Optimization Of Cascade Hydroelectric-Irrigation Plants : Operation and Planning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1172.
Full textThis research work aims to optimize the operational procedure of cascade hydro plants in order to be efficiently used for power generation and irrigation. The challenge was to find the most realistic model based on the stochastic feature of water resources, on the power demand and on the irrigation profile. All these aspects are affected on the short and on the long run by a wide range of different conditions (hydrological, meteorological and hydraulic). During this project a bibliographic study was done in order to identify the technical issues that prevent the efficient use of hydro plants in developing countries. The system is numerically modelled taking into consideration all the variables and parameters involved in the optimal operation. The most appropriate approach is chosen in order to maximize the efficient use of water and to minimize economical losses, where different scenarios are simulated in order to validate the adopted suggestions
El, Badawi El Najjar Rachad. "Collaborative methods and tools to remotely develop multi-sites engineering standards : the case of GE renewable energy-hydro." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI002/document.
Full textIn a global economy, the conquest of exploring and acquiring new markets has led many companies to expand their business around the globe. Many companies adopted a strategy of shifting from a centralized company where products were designed and manufactured in one region to a decentralized company, and then to a distributed organization over the regions. Our thesis context is GE Renewable Energy – Hydro solutions that designs and manufactures hydraulic power plants. GE hydro organization is scattered over 5 regions (North America, Latin America, Europe, China and India). Each region became part of this distributed organization where they participated in the designing and the manufacturing of the hydraulic turbines/ generators. However, new challenges arose in this distributed product development process: specific market needs, different working practices, various design methods, multitude of design tools in addition to the cultural differences among the regions.In order to rationalize the regional differences, the distributed development of hydraulic turbines and generators entailed several objectives. For example, standardization of engineering processes, development of common design guides for engineering tools, harmonization of quality sheets and troubleshooting procedures. Hydro organization has entrusted these objectives to the virtual engineering collectives who are dispersed in all the regions.Our research aimed at studying and supporting the virtual engineering collectives in the co-creation of corporate engineering standards and guidelines. The virtual engineering collectives involved the designers, industrial engineers, technicians as well as the end-users. They had to remotely collaborate in order to co-develop the engineering standards and later on to adopt them in customer projects.Since the virtual engineering collectives were at the core of our standardization approach, the thesis addressed the following research questions:1- “which collaborative standardization process and platform could enable the engineering collectives to co-develop their standards at distance?”2- “what are the characteristics of the different virtual collectives’ types which suit respectively the collaborative standardization process?”3- “which operational process has to be defined to ease the work of the virtual engineering collectives within a project based management style?”From the literature, we defined and differentiated the virtual engineering collectives’ types as virtual communities of practice and/or interest, virtual teams and networks of learning. Through observations and reflections from the practice, we have developed and tested our propositions. The main thesis’ contributions are summarized as follows:1- The collaborative standardization process to co-develop the engineering standards at distance.2- HySPeC templates – the collaborative standardization platform - to respond to the different requirements of the collaborative standardization process.3- The virtual collectives’ dynamics (VCD) model to characterize the virtual collectives in function of their development phases.4- The virtual collectives’ framework (VCF) to select, differentiate and fit the virtual collectives in function of the project’s objectives.5- The virtual collectives’ operational process to facilitate the adoption and the implementation of the engineering standards in the customers’ projects.The top management at GE Hydro found the proposed collaborative standardization approach able to co-develop the engineering standards at distance. The different virtual collectives’ types can fit and adapt to the collaborative standardization process and intuitively use the collaborative platform’ functionalities. The approach also provided an operational process to facilitate the integration and the work of the virtual engineering collectives within the distributed hydro organization
Maatouk, Elias. "Caractérisation des eaux usées au Liban : impact sur le fonctionnement des stations d’épuration." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1110/document.
Full textIn Lebanon, 65 % of the population lives in Beirut and Mount Lebanon particularly along the coastal area and a narrow band of the western side of the Lebanon Mount. This occupation generates a strong anthropic pressure on the water resources. Indeed approximately 330 mm3 of waste waters a year are rejected into the Mediterranean by 53 trunks distributed along the coastal towns. In fact, these wastewaters are released to natural media without any significant treatment and These effluents, released in great majority without treatment, are considered as the primary vector of the Mediterranean Sea pollution (MOE/UNDP/ECODIT, 2011).This study aimed at determining the quality of wastewaters in Lebanon and at establishing a comparison between the Lebanese (with respect to Beirut) and French (case of the urban area of Paris) contexts. A specific monitoring of wastewaters was led on 4 representative sampling sites of the area of Beirut and its suburbs (Al Ghadir sites, Beirut River, Antelias and Jounieh). Two sites were selected to follow the evolution of the wastewater quality both at the daily and weekly scale: Jounieh and Al Ghadir. In France, a series of campaigns were carried out on the main trunks of several wastewater treatment plants, e.g., Marne Aval, Seine Amont, Seine Aval and Seine Centre, in the Seine Centre WWTP (within the primary and secondary treatments), and in the Seine River. Then the results in Beirut and Paris were confronted to determine the environmental impact of the installation of treatments adapted to the Lebanese effluents.Contamination levels for the water quality parameters were comparable for the punctual sampling between the Al Ghadir and Jounieh watersheds. However, the levels found in Al Ghadir and Jounieh were higher than those of Antelias and Beirut River. In addition, continuous monitoring helped to highlight the levels of TSS, VSS, BOD5 and CODT were generally comparable at both sites: Al Ghadir and Jounieh. The comparison with the Parisian trunks showed significant differences for TSS, BOD5 and VSS, these parameters were significantly higher on Lebanese sites. For CODT, concentrations were comparable between the two countries. By comparing the total ETM (Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb), we found that Cu concentrations in Parisian trunks were higher than those of Lebanese Al Ghadir and Jounieh watersheds. For lead and zinc concentrations were comparable between the two countries. Finally, the concentrations of cadmium and chromium were much higher in Beirut than in Paris. Trace metal flows to the Mediterranean Sea from the Al Ghadir site were of 20,7; 20,8; 2,42; 0,6; and 1,5 kg/day for CrT, ZnT, CuT, CdT and PbT respectively, and for Jounieh they were of 0,66; 3,7; 0,38; 0,045 and 0,33 kg/day, respectively. Based on the effectiveness of the Parisian WWTPs, released levels would decrease by 90-98 % for TSS, 84-95 % for CODt and 63-97 % depending on the ETM concerned
Liebig, Hervé. "Étude du recrutement de la truite commune (Salmo trutta L. ) d'une rivière de moyenne montagne (Pyrénnées ariégeoises, 09) : effets de la gestion par éclusées d'une centrale hydroélectrique : approches in situ et expérimentales." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT010A.
Full textBou-Fakhreddine, Bassam. "Modeling, Control and Optimization Of Cascade Hydroelectric-Irrigation Plants : Operation and Planning." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1172.
Full textThis research work aims to optimize the operational procedure of cascade hydro plants in order to be efficiently used for power generation and irrigation. The challenge was to find the most realistic model based on the stochastic feature of water resources, on the power demand and on the irrigation profile. All these aspects are affected on the short and on the long run by a wide range of different conditions (hydrological, meteorological and hydraulic). During this project a bibliographic study was done in order to identify the technical issues that prevent the efficient use of hydro plants in developing countries. The system is numerically modelled taking into consideration all the variables and parameters involved in the optimal operation. The most appropriate approach is chosen in order to maximize the efficient use of water and to minimize economical losses, where different scenarios are simulated in order to validate the adopted suggestions
Damdoum, Amel. "Reconfiguration en présence des défauts d'un système de pompage turbinage avec mada et de sa commande." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16242/1/damdoum_amel.pdf.
Full textLandry, Richard. "Le projet d'aménagement hydroélectrique de la Rivière Bersimis, 1952-1956." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1957/1/M10824.pdf.
Full textOssoro, Marcel Thierry. "Évaluation des retombées économiques des projets énergétiques au Québec : analyse coûts-avantages de la mini-centrale hydroélectrique de Val-Jalbert." Thèse, 2014. http://constellation.uqac.ca/3063/1/Ossoro_uqac_0862N_10105.pdf.
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