Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Centralisation / Décentralisation'
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Azzam, Cynthia. "Le paysage scolaire au Liban entre centralisation et décentralisation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLD003.
Full textEducation, a main topic of debates nowadays, is growing into a way of competitiveness between big cities. Therefore, teaching has become a part of a public policy, a form of metropolization. However, the Lebanese society is suffering from a total absence of formal procedures; particularly regarding school infrastructures. Although the State engaged in construction activities since 2002 (following the implementation of the decree 9091, which defines the new architectural specifications for schools) with the main purpose of raising public education level, we have ended up with a standardization of prototypes with no regards for the local community.Schools in Lebanon are the result of a historical, cultural and social crossbreeding (Ottoman Empire, French Mandate…). Considering the heterogeneity of the landscape (significant characteristic of the location), where does education stand today? Do schools, whether public or private, allow land management and thus the formation of society's framework? Isn’t it necessary to consider education as a tool to restructure society and a way to reclaim the Lebanese territory?
Kihouoko, Gouari Désiré. "L'évaluation des politiques publiques : décentralisation et problèmes méthodologiques." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10023.
Full textChabrot, Christophe. "La centralisation territoriale : fondement et continuité en droit public français." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON10054.
Full textThalineau, Joël. "Essai sur la centralisation et la décentralisation : réflexions à partir de la théorie de Ch. Eisenmann." Tours, 1994. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356228.
Full textThis thesis propounds a definition of terms pertaining to the centralization and decentralization and from these definitions the thesis presents a discourse about the organization of the normative authority under the 5th republic. For this purpose the proceedings shaw, in the first part, that these terms relate to the insertions technics concerning the acts of the centralized and noncentralized administration in the field of jurisdiction, which are structured so as to distinguish between the power to decree and to ipede, as has been defined by montesquieu. The second part creates a base for the opposition between the tho terms on a different redistribution of the power to decree and to impede so that the centralization, without excluding the existence of the noncentralized judical administration, which will create confusion concerning this power, and this, to the benefi t of the centralized judical administration. Besides that, the decenralization will provoke a division of the power to decree between the centralized administration and noncentralized administration which is guaranteed for them by the mutual authority to impede. The change of this reciprocity characterizes an intermediate situation which is called "deconcentralization". This definition of terms gives tise to fear fo the organization of the normative autority in the entire hierarchical legal system. On one hand, this reasoning is applied to the french legal system in the third part as far as the integration of france into the super national juridical systems is concerned, while, on the other hand, the diversity of her internal nominative organization provides an exemplary frame of concepts
Kouomegne, Noubissi Hilaire. "Décentralisation et centralisation au Cameroun : L'exemple de la répartition des compétences entre l'Etat et les collectivités locales." Paris 1, 2012. http://docelec.u-bordeaux.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782336009469.
Full textGeoffroy, Cécile. "La résilience organisationnelle en contexte extrême : l’équilibre centralisation/décentralisation dans la gestion de l’accident de Fukushima Daiichi." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1245/document.
Full textThe aim of this research if to develop a model of entry to resilience for organizations facing extreme events. The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident is used as a case study. The accident is analyzed through the testimony of the Site Superintendent Masao Yoshida and the investigation reports. The goal is to answer the following questions: what are the conditions to assess resilience during the Fukushima Daiichi accident? What shape did the resilience take in this context? What processes have been activated particularly during the initiation of the resilience process?A specific methodology is produced to analyze Masao Yoshida’s testimony. This methodology also proves the usefulness of such a material to develop feedbacks in industrial organizations. The thesis draws lessons from the accident and defines an evaluation grid to study the precarious equilibrium between on-site and off-site that is highlighted by the data used. The provided model defines the processual and emerging logic of entry to resilience
Bérété, Mohamed. "La décentralisation et le problème de la monopolisation du pouvoir par l'appareil d'Etat en République de Guinée." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR30006.
Full textWhile local autonomy has a bright future in a number of West African countries such as Benin, Mali and Senegal, decentralisation is political and institutional anathema in Guinea, whose administrative organisation has always been characterised by a tendency towards centralised power. Under the First and Second Republics the local authorities have never really enjoyed the three forms of autonomy (organic, decision-making and financial). To a large extent they continue to be under the close control of the State and its administrative divisions whose number and layers have continued to increase with each successive reform, to the detriment of the territorial authorities on which the only remaining level is the municipality. This situation has undermined proper administration in local government. If a State genuinely espousing the rule of law and the principle of good governance” is to be established and decentralisation is to become more than merely token, profound structural changes are needed as only an authentic system of territorial and local government can hold the key to democratic reform and the promotion of local development. These reforms will need to institute a genuine separation of powers and to clarify the division of the respective competences of the State and the administrative structures at the local level. They should also see to increase the number of types of territorial authority, to arrange for a progressive transfer of competences and resources and to define the role of the new actors in development at the grassroots level: the Organisations of Civil Society
Thalineau, Joël. "ESSAI SUR LA CENTRALISATION ET LA DECENTRALISATION REFLEXIONS A PARTIR DE LA THEORIE DE Ch. EISENMANN." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356228.
Full textLa première partie montre que les termes de centralisation et de décentralisation visent un mode de production des normes juridiques dans un système juridique hiérarchisé dans le cadre de l'exercice par des organes centraux et non centraux des facultés de statuer et d'empêcher dégagées par Montesquieu.
La deuxième partie fonde l'opposition entre la centralisation et la décentralisation sur une répartition différente des facultés de statuer et d'empêcher. La centralisation, sans exclure l'existence et la participation d'organes non centraux à la production de la norme, traduit une confusion des facultés au profit d'organes centraux et la décentralisation exprime une division de la faculté de statuer entre organes centraux et non centraux garantie par une faculté d'empêcher réciproque. L'altération de cette réciprocité caractérisera une situation intermédiaire appelée "déconcentralisation". Cette définition des termes permet de définir l'organisation du pouvoir normatif à chaque niveau de la hiérarchie des normes.
La troisième partie applique le raisonnement au système normatif français qui offre par son intégration dans des systèmes supra nationaux – Communauté française et Union et communautés européennes – d'une part, et par son organisation normative interne d'autre part, un cadre de réflexion exemplaire.
Kende, Lucien B. "Brazzaville capitale : organisation administrative et financière." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010281.
Full textBrazzaville is the capital city of the people's republic of the congo; a marxist-leninist orientated country. However, in spite of its political tendencies, the country's administration is based on decentralisation; thus giving Brazzaville a decentralised local community status, now administration is always linked to politics. So, how is possible to bridge the gap between the demands of a revolutionary state, based on political uniqueness democratic centralism and decentralisation which implies a diversity of decision making bodies. How does the city of Brazzaville bridge the gap between its status as a local community and its status as a capital city ? Can the city self-govern in a way ? Can it afford self-government ? Is the city, like many african capitals politically as well as financially run by those in power ?
Belda, Pierre. "D'une décentralisation hésitante à une centralisation vigoureuse : faiblesse et disparition de l'autonomie de la municipalité révolutionnaire lyonnaise : 12 avril 1790 -7 ventôse an IV." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33025.
Full textYildirim, Galip Emre. "Sociologie historique de l'Etat turc : une institutionnalisation inachevée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN052.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyse the Turkish State as well as the socio-political andeconomic changes experienced by its social entity. It aims to explore, in depth, the difficultconstruction of the state in Turkey in the face of the many problems that profoundly affect its politicaldevelopment. What makes the state fail to achieve a sufficiently strong political integration of theterritory to fit the nation-state model? The question is indeed of a political nature and leads us to tryto understand and explain the nature of Turkish political power; in other words to grasp and study thereality and the specificity of the political order of which the State has been the vector. The challengeis to reflect on the State, its setting, its nature and its scope.This research includes the genesis of the Turkish state, its political and administrative evolution andthe current manifestation. To better understand this, it was necessary to analyse the constructionmechanisms of the state. The current situation of the Turkish state is clearly characterised by thepermanence of the three points that I consider fundamental: the existence of a decisive bureaucracy,the importance of a strong charismatic power and the presence of an army occupying a politicallypowerful place, which limits the independent action of governments. The maintenance of these threefactors has prevented the construction of an institutionalized state with a democratic political system,in the Western sense of the term. This thesis bears witness to the difficulties of constructing a stablepolitical order
Thepsitthar, Yodpol. "La participation du public à la vie locale en Thaïlande." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1029.
Full textThe decentralisation is the basic of democratic country because only the centralised State can not respond the need of population. State must decentralize its powers and duties to the local authorities. But it does not mean that the local authorities can respond the real need of the population. The participation is one of the way to declare the need of population. Moreover, participation is also the method for the communication between people and the local administrators. In Thailand, the history of decentralization began in the reign of the king Rama V with the aim at withdrawing the power of the local princes and constructing the State-nation. After the Constitution of 1997 was promulgated, the role of people in the community was fixed in order to negotiate with the local authorites. In fact, the number of participation is poor because of the tradition and the life style of Thai peoples. In this research, it presents the methods of participation and their obstacles to participate with the local authorities
Vixamar, Joram. "L’Etat central et les collectivités décentralisées d’Haïti : étude des relations dans le processus de décentralisation." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20023.
Full textHow did the Haitian State go from the status of Centralized state to that of unitary and decentralized one ? The purpose of this paper is to understand, from the point of view of laws and history, the behavior of the central government in relation to the local one by highlighting their institutional relations. To do this, we studied a sample of 5 municipal communities. The legal base of the local authorities of Haiti was defined by the Constitution of 1816 with the creation of the communes as administrative districts of the State to replace the old parishes inherited from the French colonial structures of the nineteenth century. From 1816 to the present days, history of Haiti shows periods of progress, of silence and even of decline in the construction of local communities, according to whether the priorities of the political regimes were centralizing or decentralizing. Although the 1843 Constitution attempted to establish local bodies, the vast majority of them followed suit. We had to wait until the 1987 Constitution to see the birth of three levels of decentralized communities with prerogatives and obligations to recognize he system of Haiti as a decentralized one. The state has become unitary and progressively decentralized. However, it was also necessary to put in question the reality of the functioning of the said communities because of their weaknesses, more specifically financial ones. The study of these decentralized administrations makes it possible to understand heir technical, administrative and financial competences in relation to the compensations of the State, which remain very inadequate and result in a weekly decentralized system
Badiane, Etienne. "Développement urbain et dynamiques des acteurs locaux : le cas de Kaolack au Sénégal." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00114062.
Full textDans ce contexte, les villes sénégalaises sont soumises à la nécessité de coopérer avec de nouveaux acteurs pour relever les défis posés par leurs dysfonctionnements.
Ainsi, depuis 1996, la commune de Kaolack a compris que l'enjeu majeur du développement urbain tournait autour de la construction de nouvelles relations de partenariat. La mise en place du Comité de Développement de Kaolack (CODEKA), réunissant tous les acteurs, traduit concrètement la volonté d'impulser des cadres facilitant un développement local participatif. L'observation de la ville de Kaolack illustre les mécanismes qui sont à la base de cette évolution ; ils mettent notamment en lumière le nouveau type de relations qu'entretient le pouvoir politique avec la société civile
Cruz, Martinez Enrique. "Le fédéralisme financier au Mexique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020038/document.
Full textOver the past few years, the Mexican federal system has borne the brunt of numerous criticisms from local government which denounces a high level of centralised fiscal power in the Federation. They advocate a restructuring of the system where a genuine sharing of fiscal power would be instituted between the three levels of government, those being: the Federal Government, the State Government and the Municipalities.Although some reforms have been implemented to increase the decentralisation of financial resources, this has not been the case with taxation power. The process of governmental centralisation, which seems to have progressively taken hold since the adoption of the federal model, demands a reconsideration of its evolution.Financial federalism in Mexico is a thesis which not only analyses the financial structure of the country, but also seeks answers to better understand how the federal system became a centralised federalism and what the causes are. Why is it difficult to change direction or to conceive of a large-scale reform which could reform intergovernmental relations?The responses to such questioning will lead us to a broader conception of the subject where a legal analysis of the federal structure alone will not suffice to explain it, even if this does constitute the legitimate basis of such a political organisation.Indeed, a structure of formal and informal relations exists (power relations) which leads to a conflictual functioning of the system, exacerbated by regional heterogeneousness. From this perspective, the institutional organisation of the State is the result of several factors where the interests of power groups are an integral part of the centralised practice of federalism, followed by a series of economic crises and a tendency to control the management of public affairs from the centre of government.However, uncovering the functioning of this federal system is not simply due to the multitude of factors interacting in its construct. The interest of our research is to interpret the conflictual functioning of financial federalism in Mexico
Shi, Silu. "Les structures administratives territoriales de l'Etat en Chine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D053.
Full textIn the traditional image, China is a typically centralized unitary country, such a concept, even in the era of Mao Zedong, is not very precise, because at that time, China has even experienced at least three cycles of decentralisation/centralisation. So, through the reform and open by Deng Xiaoping, China has formed contrasting relations between central and local. Deng Xiaoping has adopted decentralization through administrative measures to decentralize the power and transfer “interests” to the local government, so that, the local government has a major initiative, in particular, in the development of the economy. Thus, the non-institutional decentralization leads the local government to become de facto an administrative entity which controls resources and power in the name of the central government. So the local government is not just obeying the central government like before. Behind this change is the emergence and the driving force of local interests. With a deep decentralization, the local governments have received much more discretionary power, especially in the local affairs and at the same time, through the control of resources and powers, the local governments have the “bargain chip” to negotiate with the central government, so that they could express local interests and influence the decisions of the central government. In order to maintain central authority, the central government has adopted a selective centralization for this de facto centralization, so as to achieve a balance between the central government and the local government. However, the non-institutional decentralization mainly through negotiation to achieve a balance between the two preceding ones, seems to be an approach that is still not stable, so that the search for a normativity of relations between central and local has become a long-term goal
Pérez, Xavier. "La raison fiscale : de l’ancienne France à la naissance de l’État décentralisé contemporain." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40039/document.
Full textFrance was created around central values which are symbolized by the fiscal unity and the concentration of power in its capital Paris. It has been contradicting itself since 2003 date of the constitutional reform, which recognizes the decentralized organization, because it claims to be a centralized state while also acknowledging the values of a decentralized state. This is in contradiction with the definition of “decentralization” which defines a state with a division of power between the local and national authorities, and the decentralized state possesses its own logic which is different from the central state. Indeed, it should integrate the civil society into the normal functioning of institutions in order to deliberate together with the elected representatives. To understand this phenomenon and how such “decentralization” has preserved the national unity it is essential to tell the history of the fiscal reason. That is to say, the political, logical contributions from ancient France to the birth of the contemporary decentralized state in order to determine its foundations, to understand the unity of the country, and to conceive the stakes in the beginning of the 21st century: direct payment, to the source, to take into account each person’s income, and to integrate environment protection as well as the development of the local economy
Gabriel, Nicolas. "Beyrouth entre deux mondes. La "Mondiapolisation" de la métropole libanaise. Une figure de la ville-monde." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30086.
Full textThis dissertation investigates the impact of globalization on the urbanization of Beirut, a city perceived, on the one hand, as a capital metropolis in the heart of Lebanon and, on the other hand, as an international world-city. The literature on global cities has mainly tackled the cities of the developed world despite the fact that more recent postcolonial literature about Beirut and the Arab world has expanded the discourse of globalization to include the “third-world,” the under-developed countries, and particularly the cities of the Near-East and the mediterranean basin. The objective is to provide an explanation of the urbanization of Beirut, and to try to apply this corpus in order to assess the evolution of Beirut since the end of the nineteenth century. The methodology examines the restructuration and the differentiation of Beirut’s metropolitan area and its coastline as one whole carrying the highest level of urbanization. It is based on four complementary approaches: the mental image of the metropolitan area of Beirut as perceived by its inhabitants, semi-directive interviews to complete the representations and widen the scope of the initial claim, a spatio–chronological reading of the official discourses of urban planning at the different periods of development of contemporary Beirut, and the choice of spatial indicators among which the spatial distribution of universities as a reflection of the geopolitical differentiation of Lebanon and the intersection of endogenous and exogenous factors. In conclusion, the geographical specificity of Beirut reveals the nuances of globalization trends of the urban phenomenon in the so-called under-development spaces. Three stages of growth and urban structure are identified : centralization, corresponding to the colonial period, decentralization, to the period of independence and civil war, and fragmentation, to the period known as "post-war" Beirut. We call this long-term process the "Globapolization" of Beirut
Kim, Daebo. "La gestion routière du département de la Haute-Garonne 1790-1796." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H116.
Full textThis thesis is a study of the management of roads in the “département” of Haute-Garonne between 1790 and 1796. This “département” had been created as a part of the new territorial and administrative order in France established in 1790, and it was made from parts of two former different provinces, Guyenne and Languedoc. In Haute-Garonne the local administration was entrusted with the role of maintaining the infrastructures for transport. To this end the “département” had to face various difficulties that could impede the execution of road works in the locality. Its powers in this respect depended closely on the degree of centralization of the national administration of roads and bridges, an administration composed of the Minister of the Interior and the “Corps des Ponts et Chaussées”. During the French Revolution this power relationship between Paris and Haute-Garonne was dictated by a combination of national and local contexts, including political crises and war. The local authorities could take measures they deemed necessary to ensure the proper management of their road networks only when these were within the limits set by the road policy decided on by the national authorities in Paris
Brasileiro, De Freitas Dourado Anisio. "Développement urbain et transports collectifs au Brésil. Les enseignements de l'expérience de Récife et de Curitiba." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529422.
Full textMani, Philippe Jacques. "Le chef d'établissement public d'enseignement secondaire général au Cameroun à l'ère des mutations socio-économiques et politiques." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20144.
Full textThe management of schools in Cameroon’s educational system, notably government schools in the general secondary education, follows the bureaucratic logic pertaining to its functioning. This system is organized as a pyramid typical of that of a centralized system of governance which is a top-to-bottom approach. Discretional power plays an undeniable role in the appointment of officials. Despite the country’s evolution, the running of lycées and colleges remains intertwined to this management approach. And yet, its obsolete nature is glaring given the choice of a decentralized political structure. In fact, if the process of decentralization and all its accessories demand professional citizens, they also aspire to officials with established competences. In the case of these aforementioned school directors, we suggest a move from a position to a profession. Professionalization which is a prerequisite for this career path could not be limited to a mere institutional prescription based on the normalization of practises given a competences framework of reference. This research work required the use of mainly qualitative methodological tools as well as sociological action and construction tools. The first of them, in the dimension backed by Michel Crozier, provided us with analytical components as well as methods and concepts which will enhance the understanding of actors’ roles. The second one which is in line with an evolution in the position and gets its grounds from Richard Wittorski’s publications did target the involvement of all actors, especially those benefiting from ‘incorporated competences’. This study has portrayed the various benefits that such a process can bring to the entire educational community
Xiao, Liping. "Biens publics, groupes d'intérêt, mobilité et système politique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10015.
Full textThis thesis surveys the impacts of lobbies, information, individual mobility upon public goods respectively. We divide the materiel into three parts. First of all, we analyze the effects of lobbies on the comparative advantage of a centralized system, a federal system or a decentralized system in a model of public-goods provisions where two regions, components of a country, differ in terms of preference of their residents for public goods and externalities between local public goods exist. We thus find an exogenous lobby or endogenous lobbies shrink the advantage of a centralized system compared to a federal system and that of a federal system compared to a decentralized system in terms of social welfare of a country, but it does not necessarily change the system a region has a better net wellness in between a federal system and a decentralized system. Then, we examine the attitudes of jurisdictions facing up to the possibility of becoming a member of a federal union when the decision-maker of the union's public goods does not know exactly the preference of the individuals in the candidate jurisdiction for public goods. In this part, we show that a region of which residents have a higher preference for public goods holds up more easily the entry of its country into the union as the residents prefer a higher public good, and a weak preference of the residents of the union encourages the candidate's entry since the residents of the union contribute for those of the entrant country. Interestingly, a more precise belief of the union's policy decision-maker over the average preference of the candidate country's residents for public goods economizes the entrant country's lobbying expenses, so encourages its entry. Finally, we consider a model of police-induced migration between two independent regions with a heterogeneous population in terms of preference for public goods and migration costs. Then, we deal with a problem of equilibrium existence. We argue that there is a stable and single equilibrium when costs of migration are sufficiently dispersed among individuals or externalities are very important. In that case, mobility of individuals is Pareto-improving targeting the ethnic majority's utility of each region. In particular, mobility does not lead necessarily to more accommodate local policies in case of independence because of externalities and a quadratic function of public goods cost
Nabais, Ramos Manuel. "Le gouverneur civil au portugal." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40064.
Full textThe role of the Portuguese Civil Governor remains a constant source of interrogation for lawyers, politicalscientists and historians. It was established in 1832 by José Xavier MOUZINHO da SILVEIRA, under the title ofPrefeito then in 1835 at the time of the creation of the district as an administrative division of the territory, the titlebecame the “Civil Governor”. It was initially inspired by the French Prefect. The institution was founded in anattempt to separate the jurisdictional and administrative functions within the districts. Similarly, the goal was toprovide the royal power with a real political structure at local level. Accordingly, before the advent of the New Stateand the Political Constitution of 1933, the revised and adopted administrative codes, resulting from any politicalchange, did not fundamentally alter the powers of the institution as a local representation of the central power. TheCivil Governor only became a key player in the administration and local politics following the Administrative Codeof 1940. After the democratic transition following the Carnation Revolution (April 25, 1974) and the adoption of theConstitution of the Portuguese Republic in 1976, the Civil Governor, who was always appointed by the centralgovernment, has remained in a transitory state for four decades, more than a third of a century. Since the referendumof November 8th 1998 relating to the administrative regionalization of the territory failed, the complex relationshipsbetween the political class and the central institution of the district have always wavered between the prospect ofsuppression, the desire for reform and indecisiveness. As such these relations revealed the prevarications andparadoxes of the political class which wanted an in depth reform of the Civil Governor’s role while maintaining theinstitution in an ambiguous situation. The organic law n° 1/2011 of November 30th 2011 states that the CivilGovernor is abolished. In the absence of the local representative of the central power, a theoretical reform is proposedwhere the regional Prefeito represents the State in the administrative regions once they are established
Tchimou, Doffouchi Madeleine. "La nouvelle régulation des systèmes éducatifs en Afrique subsaharienne : analyse historique et sociopolitique des cas du Bénin et du Sénégal." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17820.
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