Academic literature on the topic 'Centralized industrial waste treatment facilities'
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Journal articles on the topic "Centralized industrial waste treatment facilities"
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Daucher, H. H. "Centralized Waste Treatment of Industrial Wastewater." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 58, no. 9 (1986): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330580919.
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Kaneko, Senji, and Hachiro Shimomura. "Operation of Centralized Sludge Treatment Facilities." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 10-12 (May 1, 1991): 1753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0630.
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Construction of sewerage systems in the city of Yokohama has proceeded at a rapid pace ever since the first wastewater treatment plant went into operation in 1962. By 1984, all eleven of the planned wastewater treatment plants were in operation. By March 1989, the sewerage service rate had reached 80 percent, representing over 2.56 million of the city's residents. Naturally, the expansion of the sewerage system was reflected in a commensurate increase in the quantity of sludge for treatment and disposal. Recognizing the critical importance of keeping abreast of this increase, the city has promoted the development of technology for more efficient treatment and disposal of sludge throughout the intervening years. In recent years, the city has also seen extensive urbanization and mounting concern among its citizenry for conserving the environment. In response, it was decided to shift from the former decentralized method of sludge treatment (i.e., treatment of sludge at the plant generating it) to a method of centralized treatment at two sludge treatment centers, each built within a different wastewater treatment plant located in the waterfront area. Yokohama was the first city in Japan to adopt this form of centralized sludge treatment. The construction of the centralized sludge treatment facilities made extensive use of results from a program of technological development. The centers feature the first egg-shaped digestion tanks, a high-concentration mode of digestion made possible by the use of centrifugal thickeners, power generator fueled with digestion gas, effective use of the waste heat from these generators, and the saving of fuel by the use of incinerators equipped with dryers. The record for the first year of full-scale operation clearly demonstrated the merits of centralized treatment. The quantity of digestion gas generated at the center was double that of the quantity generated under the former method for an equivalent quantity of sludge. Power generation fueled by digestion gas supplied 64 percent of the center's own power needs. While operating at only one-fifth of the planned sludge capacity, the center boasted a savings of about 200 million yen for the year, and the treatment costs were less than half of the treatment cost of the same quantity utilizing the former method. This report presents an account of the operational record for the first year of this center (the Hokubu Sludge Treatment Center) and the system of effective energy use that took place in it.
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Ellis, J. Hugh, Edward A. McBean, and Grahame J. Farquhar. "Stochastic Optimization/Simulation of Centralized Liquid Industrial Waste Treatment." Journal of Environmental Engineering 111, no. 6 (December 1985): 804–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1985)111:6(804).
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Lohwongwatana, Boonyong, Teerapon Soponkanaporn, and Aioporn Sophonsridsuk. "Industrial Hazardous Waste Treatment Facilities in Thailand." Waste Management & Research 8, no. 1 (January 1990): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9000800121.
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LOHWONGWATANA, B., T. SOPONKANAPORN, and A. SOPHONSRIDSUK. "Industrial hazardous waste treatment facilities in Thailand." Waste Management & Research 8, no. 2 (April 1990): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-242x(90)90034-k.
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Liu, J., and M. Tang. "Wastewater management approach in an industrial park." Water Science and Technology 2017, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.160.
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Abstract Many industrial parks adopt a two-tier wastewater management framework whereby tenants and the park are required to build satellite and centralized wastewater treatment facilities, respectively. Due to the diversity of industrial wastewaters, the treatment process scheme in the public centralized wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) may not suit the characteristics of all effluents discharged from the tenants. In consideration of varying wastewater biodegradability, the treatment scheme in a centralized WWTP is advised to install two series of treatment processes. In detail, various effluents from the tenants shall be commingled according to their levels of biodegradability. For the non-biodegradable streams, advanced oxidation processes shall be applied in addition to biological treatments. To facilitate the grouping of effluents, each effluent will be evaluated for its biodegradability. An analytical protocol derived from OECD standard (TG302B) was developed and found effective for biodegradability assessment. A case study is described in this paper to showcase the methodology.
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Amsoneit, Norbert. "A Centralized Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant: The Facilities of the Zvsmm at Schwabach as an Example." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 8 (April 1, 1994): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0416.
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As a rule, hazardous waste needs a pre-treatment, either a thermal or a chemical-physical one, before it can be disposed of at a landfill. The concentration of different kinds of treatment facilities at a Centralized Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant is advantageous. The facility of the ZVSMM at Schwabach is presented as an outstanding example of this kind of Treatment Centre. The infrastructure, the chemical-physical plant with separate lines for the treatment of organic and inorganic waste and the hazardous waste incinerator are described. Their functions are discussed in detail. Emphasis is laid on handling the residues produced by the different treatment processes and the final disposal.
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Neubauer, Josef. "Radioactive waste management in Austria." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 19, no. 2 (2004): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0402059n.
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At the Austrian Research Centers Seibersdorf, there are several facilities in stalled for treatment of waste of low and intermediate radioactivity level (radwaste). A separate company within Centers, Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf, has been formed recently, acting as a centralized facility for treatment, conditioning and storing of such waste within the country. The relevant treatment technology is applied depending on the waste category. In total about 6900 m3 of solid waste of low and intermediate radioactivity level originating from Austria was treated in the period between 1976 and 2002. Presently, there exists no final repository for radwaste in Austria. A study is under way to identify the structure for a long term storage facility.
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Bruni, Cecilia, Çağrı Akyol, Giulia Cipolletta, Anna Laura Eusebi, Donatella Caniani, Salvatore Masi, Joan Colón, and Francesco Fatone. "Decentralized Community Composting: Past, Present and Future Aspects of Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 19, 2020): 3319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083319.
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Italy is among the top biowaste-generating countries in Europe, and has a well-structured waste management framework with quite a number of centralized composting facilities. In recent years, there has also been huge interest from local communities in decentralized composting. Although decentralized community composting is common in some countries, there is still a lack of information on the operative environment together with its potential logistical, environmental, economic, and social impacts. Considering the national Italian legislation on community composting as well as successfully implemented projects at EU level, Italy can set a model especially for Mediterranean countries that intend to build decentralized composting programs. Therefore, in the context of this review paper, a brief overview of the composting process was presented together with main applications in centralized and especially in decentralized composting, while the main focus was kept on the operative and legislative information gathered from Italian community composting. There is a huge difference in the number of composting plants between the regions, and the lack of centralized facilities in the central and southern regions can be supported by decentralized solutions. Decentralizing waste treatment facilities and thus creating local solutions to urban waste management strategies will help to achieve the resource recovery and valorization targets in line with the circular economy.
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YaKOVLEVA, M. V., E. A. FROLOV, and A. E. FROLOV. "SAFETY OF TREATMENT FACILITIES AT PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS." Urban construction and architecture 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2012): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2012.01.13.
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Ecological safety of the environment depends on the reliability of hazardous production facilities. One of the key points of ecological safety is the high degree of industrial waste water purification, which is possible in the proper condition of the treatment facilities.Possible damages in treatment facilities and the ways of their repairing are described.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Centralized industrial waste treatment facilities"
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Manipura, Walappuly Mudiyanselage Janakasiri Aruna Shantha Bandara. "Bioprocess development for removal of nitrogenous compounds from precious metal refinery wastewater." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007341.
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Removal of nitrogenous compounds from precious metal refinery (PMR) wastewater is important in terms of avoiding eutrophication (environmental protection), metal recovery (increased overall process efficiency and value recovery) and reuse of treated water (maximum use of natural resources). Extreme pH conditions (4 to 13 depending on the wastewater stream), high chemical oxygen demand (> 10,000 mg/I), numerous metals and high concentrations of those metals (> 20 mg/l of platinum group metals) in the wastewater are the main challenges for biological removal of nitrogenous compounds from PMR wastewater. Nitrogenous compounds such as NH₄⁺-N and N0₃-N are strong metal ligands, which make it difficult to recover metals from the wastewater. Therefore, a bioprocess was developed for removal of nitrogenous compounds from carefully simulated PMR wastewater. A preliminary investigation of metal wastewater was carried out to determine its composition and physico-chemical properties, the ability to nitrify and denitrify under different pH conditions and denitrification with different carbon Source compounds and amounts. Even at pH 4, nitrification could be carried out. A suitable hydraulic retention time was found to be 72 hours. There was no significant difference between sodium acetate and sodium lactate as carbon sources for denitrification. Based on these results, a reactor comparison study was carried out using simulated PMR wastewater in three types of reactors: continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), packed-bed reactor (PBR) and airlift suspension reactor (ALSR). These reactors were fed with 30 mg/l of Rh bound in an NH₄⁺ based compound (Claus salt: pentaaminechlororhodium (III) dichloride). Total nitrogen removal efficiencies of > 68 % , > 79 % and > 45 % were obtained in the CSTR, PBR and ALSR, respectively. Serially connected CSTR-PBR and PBR-CSTR reactor configurations were then studied to determine the best configuration for maximum removal of nitrogenous compounds from the wastewater. The PBR-CSTR configuration gave consistent biomass retention and automatic pH control in the CSTR. Ammonium removal efficiencies > 95 % were achieved in both reactors. As poor nitrate removal was observed a toxicity study was carried out using respirometry and the half saturation inhibition coefficients for Pt, Pd, Rh and Ru were found to be 15.81, 25.00, 33.34 and 39.25 mg/l, respectively. A mathematical model was developed to describe the nitrogen removal in PMR wastewater using activated sludge model number 1 (ASMl), two step nitrification and metal toxicity. An operational protocol was developed based on the literature review, experimental work and simulation results. The optimum reactor configuration under the set conditions (20 mg/I of Rh and < 100 mg/I of NH₄⁺-N) was found to be PBR-CSTR-PBR process, which achieved overall NH₄⁺-N and N0₃⁻-N removal efficiencies of > 90 % and 95 %, respectively. Finally, a rudimentary microbial characterisation was carried out on subsamples from the CSTR and PBRsecondary. It was found that the CSTR biomass consisted of both rods and cocci while PBRsecondary consisted of rods only. Based on these experimental works, further research needs and recommendations were made for optimisation of the developed bioprocess for removal of nitrogenous compounds from PMR wastewater.
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Arushanyan, Yevgeniya. "Opportunities for Industrial Symbiosis BetweenCHP and Waste Treatment Facilities : (Case Study of Fortum and Ragn Sells, Brista)." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-30299.
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Pursuing the possibilities of increasing efficiency, saving costs and improving environmental performance more and more companies today are looking into the possibilities of industrial synergies between companies andprocesses. This study is considering the possibilities of industrial symbiosis between combined heat and power plant (Fortum) and a waste sorting facility (Ragn Sells). The paper shows possible scenarios of utilization heat fromCHP for the various processes within the waste treatment facility. The work includes the overview of previous research done in this area as well as theoretical analysisand estimation of the probable economic and environmental effects from the application of industrial symbiosis. The study covers several possibilities for the industrial symbiosis between CHP and waste treatment facility in form of heat application for the waste streams upgrading.The study proposes the heat application for the following processes: composting speed-up, anaerobic digestion, sludge drying, waste oil treatment and concrete upgrading. In the result of the work the conclusions are made concerning the possibility and feasibility of application of the proposed scenarios and their environmentaland economic effects.Division Industrial Ecologywww.kth.se/itm/indecowww.ima.kth.se
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Bergseije, Victor. "Effects of Heat Transfer Fluid from District Heating Networks on Activated Sludge : A respirometric analysis using a dilution series to assess disruption of biological treatment processes in wastewater treatment facilities." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34038.
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District heating has a long standing tradition in Sweden and today it is the most common way of producing and transporting heat. A District heating system (DH system) is divided into three parts: a production facility, distribution network (DH network) and one more heat stations. The heat produced in the facilities is distributed to the customers via a heat transfer medium, usually water (DH water), in piping networks that make up the DH network. The heat is transferred to the customers via the heat exchanger at which point they can use it as heated tap water or for heating purposes. The DH networks are often constructed in steel as it is cheap and a relatively resistant material. However it has the disadvantages of corrosion and expansions when it is exposed high temperatures which lead to damages in the DH network resulting in loss of the DH water, this is an unavoidable occurrence in any DH network. This results in addition of pollutants by leakages into the DH network or with the water that is used to compensate for the losses. The pollutants cause further corrosion, leading to metal contamination, and more damages on the DH network meaning there is a continuous degradation. Therefore various treatments are used to clean and ascertain an acceptable chemical environment in the DH systems. These treatments are effective but not at a level which is required so many chemicals are used to enhance the treatment of the water. Some of these are known to be toxic to humans and water ecosystems. As leakages are abundant and often end up in the WWTPs of the concerned municipality, which often have troubles with disturbances of the biological treatment, it was decided that an assessment of the toxic effects that DH water pose on activated sludge was to be investigated. This was done by testing water from two DH networks, Växjö and Kalmar, on the same activated sludge obtained from Tegelviken WWTP in Kalmar. A respirometric bioassay approach established by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD standard 209; OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals was used with changes made to exposure and measuring time as this decrease the risk of misinterpretation of the results. A dilution series using different concentrations (6.25%, 25% and 100%) of DH water was tested and compered to a blank control samples containing only activated sludge. Assessment of toxicity on total oxidation, oxidation carbon and oxidation of nitrogen was made. To get some idea of what might cause toxic effect samples of the waters was sent to outside laboratories for analyses of metals. The result from the bioassay and metal analysis was used to formulate risk factors associated with a DH water spill and exposure to WWTPs. It was found that both DH waters have a significant inhibition on nitrification in WWTPs. The DH water from Kalmar exhibited similar toxicity dynamics, roughly 20% inhibition, despite large differences in concentration. The DH water from Växjö showed a negative correlation between an increase in concentration of DH water and toxicity, 74% for the lowest concentration and 11% for the highest. The metal analysis concluded that there was no abundance of metal contamination which led to the inference that toxicity is probably caused by the chemicals used for treatment. This poses a great risk for the Baltic Ocean as many WWTPs release their treated water directly into water courses with a short detention time before reaching the sea.
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劉暐廷. "Decision-Support System for siting industrial waste treatment facilities." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40998320104218952517.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
90
Abstract Keywords：Siting of industrial waste facilities , MCDM , GIS , SDSS , spatial equity analysis , spatial risk analysis. The rapid growth of Taiwan’s industries , the rate of industrial waste production has also increased to a level as 1,821MT/yr in 1998 which is twice the amount of MSW(municipal solid waste). In addition , due to complexity of industrial waste composition , the illegal disposal of waste always happens in Taiwan area. Concerning the needs of proper treatment of industrial wastes and global environment trend , it is urgent to set up industrial waste treatment facilities. And , the siting technique of treatment facilities will play a major role. The research attempted to combine Multiple Criteria Decision Making(MCDM) method and space-information-integrating technology to provide a extensive and efficient decision-support system for locating the industrial waste treatment facilities. Because the public opposition will become the major obstacle in obtaining the treatment sites, both spatial equity and spatial risk analyses are also considered in this decision-support system. The decision-support system developed by this study can be adopted by the government authorities as a policy tool, and the engineering consultants as a planning tool.
Books on the topic "Centralized industrial waste treatment facilities"
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C, Cushnie George, ed. Centralized waste treatment of industrial wastewater. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Publications, 1985.
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Corporation, Ontario Waste Management. Promoting a responsible approach to industrial waste management. [Toronto, Ont.]: Ontario Waste Management Corporation, 1987.
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Herzog, B. L. Investigation of failure mechanisms and migration of industrial chemicals at Wilsonville, Illinois. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, 1990.
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Lewis, William L. Hazardous waste management needs in North Carolina: Prepared for the Governor's Waste Management Board, Industrial Liaison Committee. 2nd ed. Raleigh, N.C. (P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh 27611-7687): The Board, 1990.
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Murphy, Brian J. A national survey of hazardous and non-hazardous industrial waste. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1996.
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North Carolina. Governor's Waste Management Board. Industrial Liaison Committee. Hazardous waste management needs in North Carolina: A report to the Governor's Waste Management Board from the Industrial Liaison Committee, February 16, 1989. Raleigh, N.C: The Board, 1989.
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India. Ministry of Environment and Forests. and National Environmental Engineering Research Institute., eds. Common effluent treatment plant: State-of-the-art. Nagpur, India: National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, 1992.
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France. Agence nationale pour la récupération et l'élimination des déchets., ed. Les Centres de traitement de déchets industriels en France. Angers: Les Transformeurs, 1987.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency., ed. Aptus industrial and hazardous waste treatment facility, Tooele County, Utah: Final environmental impact statement. Salt Lake City, Utah: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Salt Lake District Office, 1988.
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Reducing toxins: Where to look and how to do it. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Centralized industrial waste treatment facilities"
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Miller, Mark W., M. Philip Lo, Suzanne S. Wienke, and Jay G. Kremer. "Centralized Treatment of Nonhazardous Wastes; An Alternative Means of Liquid Waste Disposal." In Proceedings of the 43rd Industrial Waste Conference May 10, 11, 12, 1988, 769–76. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351076012-87.
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Rynska, Elzbieta Dagny, Anna Teresa Oniszk-Poplawska, and Urszula Kozminska. "Quality of Resilient Cities, the Issue of Urban Waste." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 197–223. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0302-6.ch007.
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This chapter focuses on the metabolic concept for the management and treatment of construction waste and organic fraction of municipal solid waste in urban areas. Analysis of related Dutch, German and Polish guidelines for environmental zoning of industrial plants, allows formulation of conditions for an optimal siting of waste infrastructure within urban unit. Protection zones are defined in accordance with specific requirements for waste facilities, which treat and recycle both municipal and construction waste. Distances from inhabited areas are related to environmental burdens generated by such facilities (incl. parameters such as odours, noise level, explosion impacts and emissions of other substances). Moreover, this chapter provides the analysis of a selected case studies of waste facilities processing. A comparison of European guidelines and implementation of practical solutions is described in the case study analysis, including the issues open for the discussion about sustainable siting for waste processing infrastructure within an urban unit.
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Rynska, Elzbieta Dagny, Anna Teresa Oniszk-Poplawska, and Urszula Kozminska. "Quality of Resilient Cities, the Issue of Urban Waste." In Megacities and Rapid Urbanization, 228–49. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9276-1.ch011.
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This chapter focuses on the metabolic concept for the management and treatment of construction waste and organic fraction of municipal solid waste in urban areas. Analysis of related Dutch, German and Polish guidelines for environmental zoning of industrial plants, allows formulation of conditions for an optimal siting of waste infrastructure within urban unit. Protection zones are defined in accordance with specific requirements for waste facilities, which treat and recycle both municipal and construction waste. Distances from inhabited areas are related to environmental burdens generated by such facilities (incl. parameters such as odours, noise level, explosion impacts and emissions of other substances). Moreover, this chapter provides the analysis of a selected case studies of waste facilities processing. A comparison of European guidelines and implementation of practical solutions is described in the case study analysis, including the issues open for the discussion about sustainable siting for waste processing infrastructure within an urban unit.
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Rock, Michael T., and David P. Angel. "Implications for Other Industrializing Economies." In Industrial Transformation in the Developing World. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199270040.003.0017.
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In previous chapters we have demonstrated how the practice of policy integration—the linking of environmental regulatory policies with resource pricing policies, trade and investment policies, and technological capabilities building policies—in the East Asian NIEs has driven down the energy and pollution intensity of industrial activity in these economies. As we have shown, each East Asian NIE used a somewhat different strategy for driving down environmental intensities. Singapore did it by effectively linking its tough environmental agency, the Ministry of the Environment, to the country’s premier institutions of industrial policy—the Economic Development Board and the Jurong Town Corporation—charged with attracting OECD multinationals and providing them with factories and OECD-like infrastructure facilities. Taiwan Province of China took a decidedly different path. Following the decision of the central government to create a tough regulatory agency in the face of strong opposition from the country’s institutions of industrial policy, the government, by building a capable regulatory agency and allowing it to get tough with polluters, demonstrated to those who managed the institutions of industrial policy that they would have to adapt to a crackdown on polluters. They did so by using the institutions of industrial policy to craft an approach to industrial environmental improvement that linked Taiwanese firms and the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration to the technology-upgrading policies of the Industrial Development Bureau in the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the technological research activities of the Industrial Technology Research Institute. Where governments had less capable environmental regulatory agencies, they used several other pathways to policy integration. The government of Malaysia followed two different pathways to policy integration. On the one hand, it adopted an industry-specific approach to de-link palm oil production and the export of processed palm oil products from palm oil pollution by integrating palm oil processors with a quasi-public, quasi-private palm oil research institute, the Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, and the Department of the Environment in a search for a cost-effective palm oil waste treatment technology. Once a viable solution to pollution emerged, the Department of the Environment used its embedded autonomy with producers in this sector to ratchet up emissions standards and de-link palm oil processing from palm oil pollution.
Conference papers on the topic "Centralized industrial waste treatment facilities"
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Deckers, Jan, and Ludo Mols. "Thermal Treatment of Historical Radioactive Solid and Liquid Waste Into the CILVA Incinerator." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7333.
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Since the very beginning of the nuclear activities in Belgium, the incineration of radioactive waste was chosen as a suitable technique for achieving an optimal volume reduction of the produced waste quantities. Based on the 35 years experience gained by the operation of the old incinerator, a new industrial incineration plant started nuclear operation in May 1995, as a part of the Belgian Centralized Treatment/Conditioning Facility named CILVA. Up to the end of 2006, the CILVA incinerator has burnt 1660 tonne of solid waste and 419 tonne of liquid waste. This paper describes the type and allowable radioactivity of the waste, the incineration process, heat recovery and the air pollution control devices. Special attention is given to the treatment of several hundreds of tonne historical waste from former reprocessing activities such as alpha suspected solid waste, aqueous and organic liquid waste and spent ion exchange resins. The capacity, volume reduction, chemical and radiological emissions are also evaluated. BELGOPROCESS, a company set up in 1984 at Dessel (Belgium) where a number of nuclear facilities were already installed is specialized in the processing of radioactive waste. It is a subsidiary of ONDRAF/NIRAS, the Belgian Nuclear Waste Management Agency. According to its mission statement, the activities of BELGOPROCESS focus on three areas: treatment, conditioning and interim storage of radioactive waste; decommissioning of shut-down nuclear facilities and cleaning of contaminated buildings and land; operating of storage sites for conditioned radioactive waste.
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Neubauer, Josef. "Treatment and Conditioning of Low- and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste at the Austrian Research Centers Seibersdorf (ARCS)." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1154.
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Abstract The Austrian Research Centers Seibersdorf (ARCS) serve as the country’s centralised facilitiy for the treatment, conditioning and interim storage of low- and intermediate level radioactive waste (Radwaste). All Radwaste originating in Austria is transferred to ARCS and comes from one or several sources: The former operation of a research reactor, the application of radioactive materials in medicine, R&D, industry, IAEA Laboratories at Seibersdorf, and technically enhanced natural radioactive materials, such as by-product at industrial metallurgical processes and other processes, is transferred to ARCS for treatment, conditioning and interim storage. Dependent on the waste category, the relevant treatment technology is applied. In total more then 6900 m3 of low and intermediate level radioactive solid wastes originating from Austria were treated in the period 1976 to 2000. The aim of treatment and conditioning is the safe enclosure of the Radwaste by the use of barriers to surround and isolate the waste and transform it to an insoluble form. At the same time it is important to reduce the volume of the raw waste by applying appropriate treatment technologies, in order to save space in the storage facilities and thereby achieving a cost savings.
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Deckers, Jan, and Paul Luycx. "Six Years Operation Experience With the Cilva Incinerator for Radioactive Waste Treatment." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1151.
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Abstract Since the very beginning of nuclear activities in Belgium, the incineration of radioactive waste was chosen as a suitable technique for achieving an optimal volume reduction of the produced waste quantities. An experimental furnace “Evence Coppée” was built in 1960 for treatment of LLW produced by the Belgian Research Centre (CEN.SCK). Regulatory this furnace has been modified, improved and equipped with additional installations to obtain better combustion conditions and a more efficient gas cleaning system. Based on the 35 years of experience gained by the operation of the “Evence Coppée”, a new industrial nuclear incineration installation was set into operation in May 1995, as a part of the Belgian Centralised Treatment/Conditioning Facility CILVA. Up to the end of 2000, the CILVA incinerator has burnt 703 tons of solid waste and 343 tons of liquid waste. This paper describes the type of waste and the allowable radioactivity, the incineration process, heat recovery and the air pollution control devices. Special attention is given to the operation experience, capacity, volume reduction, chemical and radiological emissions and maintenance. The most important changes which improved safety, reliability and capacity are also mentioned. BELGOPROCESS, a company set up in 1984 at Dessel (Belgium) where a number of nuclear facilities were already installed is specialised in the processing of radioactive waste. It is a subsidiary of ONDRAF/NIRAS, the Belgian Nuclear Waste Management Agency. According to its mission statement, the activities of BELGOPROCESS focus on three areas: treatment, conditioning and interim storage of radioactive waste; decommissioning of shut-down nuclear facilities and cleaning of contaminated buildings and land; operating of storage sites for conditioned radioactive waste.
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Al-Musawi, Fouad, Emad S. Shamsaldin, and John R. Cochran. "Radioactive Waste Management Challenges and Progress in Iraq." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59164.
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The government of Iraq, through the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) is decommissioning Iraq’s former nuclear facilities. The 18 former facilities at the Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center near Baghdad include partially destroyed research reactors, a fuel fabrication facility and radioisotope production facilities. These 18 former facilities contain large numbers of silos and drums of uncharacterized radioactive waste and approximately 30 tanks that contain or did contain uncharacterized liquid radioactive wastes. Other key sites outside of Al Tuwaitha include facilities at Jesira (uranium processing and waste storage facility), Rashdiya (centrifuge facility) and Tarmiya (enrichment plant). The newly created Radioactive Waste Treatment Management Directorate (RWTMD) within MoST is responsible for Iraq’s centralized management of radioactive waste, including safe and secure disposal. In addition to being responsible for the uncharacterized wastes at Al Tuwaitha, the RWTMD will be responsible for future decommissioning wastes, approximately 900 disused sealed radioactive sources, and unknown quantities of NORM wastes from oil production in Iraq. This paper presents the challenges and progress that the RWTMD has made in setting-up a radioactive waste management program. The progress includes the establishment of a staffing structure, staff, participation in international training, rehabilitation of portions of the former Radioactive Waste Treatment Station at Al-Tuwaitha and the acquisition of equipment.
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Myers, Eric R., and Jay Lehr. "Implementing and Managing a Practical Corporate Wide Legionella Risk Reduction Strategy for Industrial Water Systems." In 15th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec15-3217.
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Experts believe that Legionella may be present in 25% of cooling towers at any time, even with normal water treatment programs in place. This could pose a risk to employees and others working near cooling towers, and it could pose a risk to neighboring facilities such as schools, hospitals, public facilities, other businesses, or residential communities. The goal is to reduce the risk of Legionella, more specifically Legionella pnuemophila, which is the bacterium that causes a potentially fatal pneumonia known as Legionenaires’ Disease or legionellosis. Reducing the risk of Legionella requires more than water treatment alone, it requires a strategic plan based on recommended industry best practices that considers the mechanical, operational, and chemical control of cooling water systems. Implementing a corporate wide policy for Legionella risk reduction is challenging for waste-to-energy facility cooling towers. While a corporate policy for managing the risk due to Legionella is prudent, application of such a policy should not be wholly applied across all facilities or plant locations because not all water systems are equal or operated the same. Implementation starts with a plan that involves a multidisciplinary team including third party consultation and expertise. The first step of the Legionella risk reduction strategy is to evaluate current equipment and practices at each plant through a risk assessment process. The second step is to prepare a written Management Plan based on the risk assessment that clearly details risk reduction practices. The third step is to implement the management plan and monitor the system to ensure practices remain effective. And finally, all documentation should be periodically reviewed and adjustments made as necessary. This presentation will describe a process for implementing a corporate Legionella risk reduction policy, and it will highlight some of the major experiences learned.
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Pytlar, Theodore S. "Status of Existing Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis Facilities in North America." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3521.
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A search of websites for firms in the United States and Canada identifying themselves as gasification or pyrolysis system suppliers indicates that there are a number of existing facilities where their technologies are installed. According to the websites, the companies’ existing installations focus on processing biomass and industrial residuals, rather than mixed refuse. The biomass processed, according to the websites includes yard waste, wood, and wastewater treatment sludge. The existence of these facilities provides a potential opportunity for communities in areas with a high density of development, who experience difficulties in siting “traditional” facilities for processing these biomass wastes. Such traditional facilities include yard waste and sludge composting, wood mulching, sludge drying, chemical treatment or pelletization, and combustion-based waste-to-energy. As a result of these facility siting difficulties, these communities often resort to long-haul trucking of the biomass wastes to processing facilities or landfills. Certain potential advantages associated with gasification and pyrolysis technologies could ease the siting difficulties associated with the traditional technologies, due to smaller facility footprints, reduced odors, and the potential for energy production through combustion of syngas/synfuel to power internal combustion engines or produce steam using boilers. Lower stack emissions may result as compared to direct combustion of biomass wastes. Locally sited biomass gasification facilities could reduce the environmental impacts associated with long-haul trucking and generate an energy product to meet nearby demand. Research has been conducted by the Author on behalf of client communities to identify gasification and pyrolysis facilities in the United States and Canada that are in actual operation in order to assess their potential for processing biomass wastes and for providing the advantages listed above. Website reviews, interviews with company representatives, and facility visits were conducted in order to assess their potential for development to meet the biomass management objectives of the communities. The information sought regarding design and operating parameters included the following: • Year of start-up. • Availability. • Process description. • Design throughput. • Actual throughput. • Energy product. • Energy generation capability and technology. • Residuals production and characteristics. • Emissions. • Construction and operating costs. In addition, the system suppliers’ business status was addressed in terms of their readiness and capabilities to participate in the development of new facilities. Confidentiality requirements imposed by the system suppliers may prevent the identification of the company name or facility location and certain details regarding the system designs.
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Manegdeg, Reynald Ferdinand, Analiza Rollon, Florencio Ballesteros, Eduardo Magdaluyo, Louernie De Sales-Papa, Eligia Clemente, Emma Macapinlac, Roderaid Ibañez, and Rinlee Butch Cervera. "Waste-to-Energy Technology Suitability Assessment for the Treatment and Disposal of Medical, Industrial, and Electronic Residual Wastes in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-63768.
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Abstract Sanitary landfill is considered as a final repository of residual wastes. However, there is a need for volume reduction to increase the lifespan of the landfill and to stabilize these wastes to prevent environmental and health hazards. A possible option to achieve these objectives is a waste-to-energy (WtE) facility that can significantly reduce residual waste volume and generate electricity at the same time. In Metropolitan Manila, Philippines, there is no existing WtE facility for the treatment of residual wastes. In this study, the technical feasibility of a WtE plant for residual wastes from medical, industrial, and electronic sectors in the Metropolis is assessed. A multi-attribute decision analysis method was used in the selection of the most appropriate waste conversion and power generation technology for residual waste. Seven waste conversion technologies were compared according to overall efficiency, waste reduction rate, maximum capacity, reliability, lifespan, energy conversion cost, and environmental emissions. Four power generation technologies were then ranked according to efficiency, cost, footprint, work ratio, emissions, and complexity. The pyrolysis-Brayton plant was found to be the most suitable WtE plant for the identified residual waste. To determine WtE capacity, a waste analysis characterization study was conducted in wastes from health care facilities, manufacturing plants and treatment, storage and disposal facilities in Metropolitan Manila. Representative samples were obtained from these sectors to determine the generation rate and waste composition of residual wastes. Empirical, literature, and manufacturer’s data were used to calculate for product yield, energy requirement and energy yield for each sectoral waste. Based on the energy yield estimates, the WtE power plant was simulated at capacities of 1, 3, and 10 tons per day (tpd) for the three residual waste sectors. The 10 tpd plant simulation for medical and industrial waste resulted to electricity generation of 800 kW and 1.2 MW, at efficiencies of 23% and 24%, respectively. The 3 tpd plant simulation for electronic waste generated 200 kW at 21% efficiency. The waste reduction rate obtained for medical, industrial, and electronic wastes was 84%, 90%, and 71%, respectively. The results of the study showed that it is technically feasible to incorporate a WtE plant in the treatment and disposal of residual wastes in Metropolitan Manila. Furthermore, in consideration of the geographical attributes of the sectoral residual waste generators, the flexibility and small footprint of the pyrolysis-Brayton set-up is suitable. Installing 1–3 tpd plants in clustered locations will lessen transportation costs and land area requirement. Moreover, it is recommended that a financial feasibility study be done on the residual WtE plant, along with an enabling environment and business plan.
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Ellyin, Claudine, and Nickolas J. Themelis. "Small Scale Waste-to-Energy Technologies." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5447.
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The dominant technology for large Waste-to-Energy (WTE) facilities is combustion on a moving grate of “as-received” municipal solid wastes (MSW). However, there are circumstances where a low-capacity plant (<100,000 tons per year) is required. This study examines the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of some small-scale WTE technologies currently in operation. The Energos technology was developed in Norway, in order to provide relatively small communities with an economically efficient alternative to mass-burn incineration with equally low emissions to the atmosphere and flexibility in feedstock. All operating plants treat MSW plus additional streams of commercial or industrial wastes. Prior to thermal treatment, the materials are shredded in a high-torque, low-rpm shredder and ferrous metals are removed magnetically. The feedstock is partially oxidized on a moving grate in the gasification chamber where the fixed carbon is completely burnt off. The volatilized gases are fully combusted in a second chamber and the heat is transferred to a heat recovery system for steam generation. The Energos gasification technology is currently in operation at six plants in Norway, one in Germany, and one in the UK. As expected, the capital cost per ton of annual ton of capacity increases with decreasing plant capacity, while there is a linear relationship between energy recovery and capacity. Some other small-scale technologies are investigated in this study and will be reported at the NAWTEC meeting. Low capacity (<80,000 tons) WTE facilities require a relatively small footprint (1.5 to 2 acres; <1 hectare) and it is believed that these facilities can be built at a capital cost per ton that is as low, or lower, than that of large mass burn WTE facilities.
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Salgado, M. M., J. C. Benitez Navarro, I. M. Ferna´ndez, and M. M. Marrero. "Implementation of a Quality Assurance System in Radioactive Waste Management in Cuba." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4790.
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The Centre for Radiation Protection and Hygiene is the institution responsible for Radioactive Waste Management Service in Cuba. This Service comprises: centralized collection, transportation, treatment, conditioning, long term storage, and disposal of radioactive waste, as well as dismantling, decontamination and decommissioning of small nuclear facilities. Radioactive waste should be managed in such a way as to ensure adequate safety and protection of both human health and the environment. In order to fulfil this principle a Quality Management System has been implemented for the Radioactive Waste Management Service, based on the ISO 9000 Standards. The Quality System provides, as appropriate: • adequate assurance that the requirements specified by the Regulatory Authority relating to protection and safety are satisfied; • adequate assurance that the customer requirements are satisfied; • control of all kind and inventories of radioactive waste through the implementation of a comprehensive system for record keeping; • continuous improvement to guarantee the cost minimization related with the radioactive waste management; • and quality control mechanisms and procedures for reviewing and assessing the overall effectiveness of the system. In the year 2002, as a conclusion of a certification audit performed by the direction of the Centre for Radiation Protection and Hygiene, the Quality Management System implemented for the Radioactive Waste Management Service was successfully certified according to the requirements of the ISO 9001:2000 Standard.
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Needham, Michael. "Detecting Sources of Ionizing Radiation in the Waste Stream." In 10th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec10-1016.
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Why is the detection of radioactive sources important to the solid waste industry?: Radioactive material is used extensively in the United States in research, medicine, education, and industry for the benefit of society (e.g. smoke detectors, industrial process gauges, medical diagnosis/treatment). Generally speaking, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and state governments regulate the use and disposal of radioactive materials. Licensed radioactive waste disposal facilities receive the bulk of the waste generated in the United States with exceptions for low-level waste (e.g. medical patient waste) that may be disposed of as municipal waste. According to the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc (CRCPD)., there has been an increasing number of incidence involving the detection of prohibited radioactive wastes at solid waste management facilities. While the CRCPD acknowledges that the increased incidence may be partially attributed to the growing number of solid waste facilities that have detection systems, undetected sources of ionizing radiation can harm the environment, have a negative impact on employee health and safety, and result in significant remedial actions. Implementing an effective detection/response plan can aid in the proper management of radioactive waste and serve to minimize the potential for negative outcomes.