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1
Daucher, H. H. "Centralized Waste Treatment of Industrial Wastewater." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 58, no. 9 (1986): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330580919.
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Kaneko, Senji, and Hachiro Shimomura. "Operation of Centralized Sludge Treatment Facilities." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 10-12 (May 1, 1991): 1753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0630.
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Construction of sewerage systems in the city of Yokohama has proceeded at a rapid pace ever since the first wastewater treatment plant went into operation in 1962. By 1984, all eleven of the planned wastewater treatment plants were in operation. By March 1989, the sewerage service rate had reached 80 percent, representing over 2.56 million of the city's residents. Naturally, the expansion of the sewerage system was reflected in a commensurate increase in the quantity of sludge for treatment and disposal. Recognizing the critical importance of keeping abreast of this increase, the city has promoted the development of technology for more efficient treatment and disposal of sludge throughout the intervening years. In recent years, the city has also seen extensive urbanization and mounting concern among its citizenry for conserving the environment. In response, it was decided to shift from the former decentralized method of sludge treatment (i.e., treatment of sludge at the plant generating it) to a method of centralized treatment at two sludge treatment centers, each built within a different wastewater treatment plant located in the waterfront area. Yokohama was the first city in Japan to adopt this form of centralized sludge treatment. The construction of the centralized sludge treatment facilities made extensive use of results from a program of technological development. The centers feature the first egg-shaped digestion tanks, a high-concentration mode of digestion made possible by the use of centrifugal thickeners, power generator fueled with digestion gas, effective use of the waste heat from these generators, and the saving of fuel by the use of incinerators equipped with dryers. The record for the first year of full-scale operation clearly demonstrated the merits of centralized treatment. The quantity of digestion gas generated at the center was double that of the quantity generated under the former method for an equivalent quantity of sludge. Power generation fueled by digestion gas supplied 64 percent of the center's own power needs. While operating at only one-fifth of the planned sludge capacity, the center boasted a savings of about 200 million yen for the year, and the treatment costs were less than half of the treatment cost of the same quantity utilizing the former method. This report presents an account of the operational record for the first year of this center (the Hokubu Sludge Treatment Center) and the system of effective energy use that took place in it.
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Ellis, J. Hugh, Edward A. McBean, and Grahame J. Farquhar. "Stochastic Optimization/Simulation of Centralized Liquid Industrial Waste Treatment." Journal of Environmental Engineering 111, no. 6 (December 1985): 804–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1985)111:6(804).
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Lohwongwatana, Boonyong, Teerapon Soponkanaporn, and Aioporn Sophonsridsuk. "Industrial Hazardous Waste Treatment Facilities in Thailand." Waste Management & Research 8, no. 1 (January 1990): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9000800121.
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LOHWONGWATANA, B., T. SOPONKANAPORN, and A. SOPHONSRIDSUK. "Industrial hazardous waste treatment facilities in Thailand." Waste Management & Research 8, no. 2 (April 1990): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-242x(90)90034-k.
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Liu, J., and M. Tang. "Wastewater management approach in an industrial park." Water Science and Technology 2017, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.160.
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Abstract Many industrial parks adopt a two-tier wastewater management framework whereby tenants and the park are required to build satellite and centralized wastewater treatment facilities, respectively. Due to the diversity of industrial wastewaters, the treatment process scheme in the public centralized wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) may not suit the characteristics of all effluents discharged from the tenants. In consideration of varying wastewater biodegradability, the treatment scheme in a centralized WWTP is advised to install two series of treatment processes. In detail, various effluents from the tenants shall be commingled according to their levels of biodegradability. For the non-biodegradable streams, advanced oxidation processes shall be applied in addition to biological treatments. To facilitate the grouping of effluents, each effluent will be evaluated for its biodegradability. An analytical protocol derived from OECD standard (TG302B) was developed and found effective for biodegradability assessment. A case study is described in this paper to showcase the methodology.
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Amsoneit, Norbert. "A Centralized Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant: The Facilities of the Zvsmm at Schwabach as an Example." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 8 (April 1, 1994): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0416.
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As a rule, hazardous waste needs a pre-treatment, either a thermal or a chemical-physical one, before it can be disposed of at a landfill. The concentration of different kinds of treatment facilities at a Centralized Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant is advantageous. The facility of the ZVSMM at Schwabach is presented as an outstanding example of this kind of Treatment Centre. The infrastructure, the chemical-physical plant with separate lines for the treatment of organic and inorganic waste and the hazardous waste incinerator are described. Their functions are discussed in detail. Emphasis is laid on handling the residues produced by the different treatment processes and the final disposal.
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Neubauer, Josef. "Radioactive waste management in Austria." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 19, no. 2 (2004): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0402059n.
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At the Austrian Research Centers Seibersdorf, there are several facilities in stalled for treatment of waste of low and intermediate radioactivity level (radwaste). A separate company within Centers, Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf, has been formed recently, acting as a centralized facility for treatment, conditioning and storing of such waste within the country. The relevant treatment technology is applied depending on the waste category. In total about 6900 m3 of solid waste of low and intermediate radioactivity level originating from Austria was treated in the period between 1976 and 2002. Presently, there exists no final repository for radwaste in Austria. A study is under way to identify the structure for a long term storage facility.
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Bruni, Cecilia, Çağrı Akyol, Giulia Cipolletta, Anna Laura Eusebi, Donatella Caniani, Salvatore Masi, Joan Colón, and Francesco Fatone. "Decentralized Community Composting: Past, Present and Future Aspects of Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 19, 2020): 3319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083319.
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Italy is among the top biowaste-generating countries in Europe, and has a well-structured waste management framework with quite a number of centralized composting facilities. In recent years, there has also been huge interest from local communities in decentralized composting. Although decentralized community composting is common in some countries, there is still a lack of information on the operative environment together with its potential logistical, environmental, economic, and social impacts. Considering the national Italian legislation on community composting as well as successfully implemented projects at EU level, Italy can set a model especially for Mediterranean countries that intend to build decentralized composting programs. Therefore, in the context of this review paper, a brief overview of the composting process was presented together with main applications in centralized and especially in decentralized composting, while the main focus was kept on the operative and legislative information gathered from Italian community composting. There is a huge difference in the number of composting plants between the regions, and the lack of centralized facilities in the central and southern regions can be supported by decentralized solutions. Decentralizing waste treatment facilities and thus creating local solutions to urban waste management strategies will help to achieve the resource recovery and valorization targets in line with the circular economy.
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YaKOVLEVA, M. V., E. A. FROLOV, and A. E. FROLOV. "SAFETY OF TREATMENT FACILITIES AT PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS." Urban construction and architecture 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2012): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2012.01.13.
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Ecological safety of the environment depends on the reliability of hazardous production facilities. One of the key points of ecological safety is the high degree of industrial waste water purification, which is possible in the proper condition of the treatment facilities.Possible damages in treatment facilities and the ways of their repairing are described.
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Schuyler, Ronald G., Michael R. Rothberg, Deb Skirvin, Steve Hamilton, and Kelly Peters. "Using the Comprehensive Performance Evaluation Approach to Optimize Industrial Waste Treatment Facilities." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2002, no. 7 (January 1, 2002): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864702785073415.
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Pols, H. B., and G. H. Harmsen. "INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT TODAY AND TOMORROW." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0076.
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The way we treat our wastewater nowadays is not always favourable for improving the quality of our environment. Indeed, the quality of the surface waters has increased by the high investments we have made in our treatment facilities, but it cannot be denied that these same facilities have a major impact on other environmental issues. From ibis point of view the question is raised as to which treatment techniques are favourable not only for the water phase, but also from the viewpoint of energy, waste production and renewal of resources. Over thirty techniques, all of them chemical/physical treatment techniques, have been reviewed, especially for the treatment of industrial wastewaters. More importantly, these techniques have been analysed thoroughly in a multi-criteria-analysis, not only for their environmental impacts, but also on criteria influencing the implementation of these techniques. From ibis multi-criteria-analysis the most favourable treatment technique to be developed and implemented may be chosen.
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Lukovic, Ana, Goran Petrovic, Zarko Jankovic, and Srdjan Glisovic. "A model for reduction of transport-related CO2 emissions by optimizing industrial waste treatment facility location." Thermal Science 23, no. 3 Part B (2019): 1957–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180206309l.
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One of the objectives of industrial waste management is to reduce the amount of waste and to ensure its reuse in a way that allows notable improvement of resource efficiency. Location of a waste treatment plant is a strategic issue that require careful logistics system planning. The aim of this article is to create a model for solving the locationallocation problem of waste (i..e. secondary raw materials) treatment facilities, taking into account the territorial distribution, the type, and the quantity of secondary raw materials, the distance between waste-generating industries, as well as the CO 2 emissions from transport of secondary raw materials. The basic principle for defining a mathematical model is minimization of CO emissions from transport-related activities; 2 for this reason, modeling is based on the p median model that has been modified and put within the context of industrial waste management, including CO emissions from 2 transport. The location model is based on common industrial waste streams and CO 2 emissions from vehicles commonly used to transport secondary raw materials from generators to facilities. The verification of the model was performed through a case study that included the region of southeast Serbia. It confirmed usefullness of the proposed model for deciding on optimal locations for new industrial waste treatment plants.
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Fisher, Richard P., Allan Lewandowski, Tesfayohanes W. Yacob, Barbara J. Ward, Lauren M. Hafford, Ryan B. Mahoney, Cori J. Oversby, et al. "Solar Thermal Processing to Disinfect Human Waste." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094935.
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Almost half of the world’s population is living without access to sanitation services that are safe, reliable, and minimize public health risk of human waste exposure. Modern flush-based sanitation networks are unsustainable: substantial resources, namely water and fuel, are required to bring human waste to centralized treatment facilities. Moving toward sustainable sanitation requires the implementation of innovative renewable energy technologies for stabilization and disinfection of waste, at the local or household scale, where minimal inputs of water, electricity or chemicals are required. A novel solar thermal disinfection toilet prototype has been constructed and is assessed for overall solar to receiver efficiency in treating waste without electrical, chemical, or water inputs from municipal supply. The measured solar to receiver efficiency is 28%, incorporating the capturing and concentration of sunlight and transmission of the energy to the receiver. For a typical sunny day, the current system can achieve thermal treatment of 0.8 kg human waste in roughly 100 min. The novel toilet is available for any location in the world with sufficient sunlight and irradiance data, and is scalable by adding solar collectors for sizes from single dwellings to communities.
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Kirillova, Ariadna, Vladimir Zotov, and Nina Musinova. "Engineering solutions in the construction of production facilities for waste processing." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819302010.
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The article discusses the features of engineering solutions in the construction of facilities for the processing of waste, including construction management of temporary waste storage, waste treatment and incineration plants with the provision of recycling or disposal of residual waste. When developing the design solutions one should consider the availability of existing facilities at large industrial enterprises and the possibility of creation on their basis of major regional recycling centres; the factors of production specialization and cooperation development in the implementation of investment projects; creation of industrial parks, specializing in the processing of solid waste. The article describes the main indicators of the construction of a plant for the thermal treatment of municipal solid waste. The authors consider the advantages of such projects, resulting in reduction of volume of disposed solid waste by 70-80%, the possibility of building objects close to the places of waste generation and reduction of transportation routes, environmental safety of plants with proper maintenance, creating a comfortable environment and enhancing the quality of life of the population.
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Senam, Tengey, and Mizpah Ama Dziedzorm Rockson. "Management of COVID-19 waste in a health facility in Ghana." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205672.
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Background: COVID-19 which has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) has affected most countries in the world including Ghana. The first positive case of the disease was confirmed in Ghana on 12th March, 2020 and since then, its number has increased to over 566 as at the end of the study period. The aim of the study was to assess how one of the health facilities manages waste materials generated from COVID-19 patients.Methods: The study lasted for four weeks within which various interviews, independent observations, waste measurements and data analysis with Microsoft Excel were made. A purposive sampling technique was used to select one health facility for this study.Results: The facility allocated 36 beds for the COVID-19 patients. A total of 178.80 kg of infectious waste was generated within the four weeks. Waste from the isolation units were placed in bins lined with red bags and plastic sharps containers. The hazardous waste from the facility is finally collected and transported by a private waste medical waste management company for safe treatment and disposal.Conclusions: The study concluded that, the health facility practiced proper infection prevention and control (IPC) practices at the COVID-19 isolation centre. The study recommends that, awareness should be created for hazardous waste in general through training and advocacy. More centralized medical waste treatment facilities should be established in other parts of the country and there should also be strict enforcement of policies and regulations on healthcare waste management.
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Vasilyev, A. V. "Ecological Monitoring and Treatment of Waste Waters in North Industrial Unit of Togliatti City of Russia." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 6 (June 11, 2019): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-6-34-37.
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Results of ecological monitoring of waste waters generated during industrial activity of enterprises of North Industrial Unit of Togliatti city and of storm waste waters of territory o Central district of Togliatti city in mixed flow of sewage ("dig"). Results of biological testing are allowing to conclude that degree of toxicity of investigated samples of waste waters is inconstant and is varying from not having toxicity to toxic. With the purpose of improvement of ecological situation in area of wastewater discharge to Volga river and of provision of corresponding quality of storm waste waters "KuibyshevAzot" Public Joint Stock Company is carrying out the implementation of the project of construction and commissioning of sewage treatment facilities of mixed flow of waste waters of enterprises of North Industrial Unit of Togliatti city.
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Le, Tuan Ngoc, and Linh Thi Thuy Nguyen. "CONSTRUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE TREATMENT COSTS OF THE MECHANICAL INDUSTRY IN HO CHI MINH CITY." Science and Technology Development Journal 15, no. 4 (December 30, 2012): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v15i4.1823.
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Survey results in 72 mechanical manufactures in Ho Chi Minh City, in conjunction with related studies show that the charge of industrial solid waste – hazardous waste treatment is operated in two forms: fixed or progressive based on the generated volume. Price of collection - transportation - storage - treatment - landfill for each waste composition is widely varying (5-20 times), depending on the agreement between production facilities and service units. Price is not yet able to handle the relationship with the treatment technology, treatment level to be achieved as well as the correlation to the transported distance and the extent of hazardous waste. Methodology for calculating the costs of industrial solid waste treatment by burning method is initially set. Treatment costs per ton of industrial solid waste of the mechanical industry are determined. The formulas are specifically built for each case of emissions, corresponding to different levels of load transportation.
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Boyer, Omid, Tang Sai Hong, Ali Pedram, Rosnah Bt Mohd Yusuff, and Norzima Zulkifli. "A Mathematical Model for the Industrial Hazardous Waste Location-Routing Problem." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/435272.
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Technology progress is a cause of industrial hazardous wastes increasing in the whole world . Management of hazardous waste is a significant issue due to the imposed risk on environment and human life. This risk can be a result of location of undesirable facilities and also routing hazardous waste. In this paper a biobjective mixed integer programing model for location-routing industrial hazardous waste with two objectives is developed. First objective is total cost minimization including transportation cost, operation cost, initial investment cost, and cost saving from selling recycled waste. Second objective is minimization of transportation risk. Risk of population exposure within bandwidth along route is used to measure transportation risk. This model can help decision makers to locate treatment, recycling, and disposal centers simultaneously and also to route waste between these facilities considering risk and cost criteria. The results of the solved problem prove conflict between two objectives. Hence, it is possible to decrease the cost value by marginally increasing the transportation risk value and vice versa. A weighted sum method is utilized to combine two objectives function into one objective function. To solve the problem GAMS software with CPLEX solver is used. The problem is applied in Markazi province in Iran.
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Chen, Chiu-Yang, Jau-Bin Huang, and Shing-Der Chen. "Assessment of the microbial toxicity test and its application for industrial wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0467.
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In this study, two microbial bioassays, i.e. the commercialized Microtox® test and the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) method, are used to assess the individual response of existing wastewater treatment facilities in several high-intensity pollution industries. Initially, the microbial toxicity of manufacturing effluents from a petrochemical industry are assessed. The toxicant sources in the manufacturing effluents are then investigated to develop the baseline of the waste reduction in the manufacturing processes. According to these results, the amount of aldehyde group contributes the majority of the microbial toxicity in the wastewater. Therefore, the abatement of the aldehyde wastewater may be the most effective factor to release the loads for following wastewater treatment facilities. To control the discharge sources to the treatment facilities (WWTP), WWTPs with high-intensity pollution industries and public WWTPs in three industrial districts are further evaluated with their effluents to determine the primary contributor of toxicants. From the effluent toxicity results, the relationship between organic loads and toxic effluents exhibits a positive conjunction in the high-intensity pollution industries. If these industries can enhance their removal efficiency of organic compounds in the pretreatment system, the toxicity of their effluents can be effectively reduced. Consequently, the following treatment facilities can perform more efficiently to satisfy their needs.
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Zewde, Abraham Amenay, Zifu Li, and Zhou Xiaoqin. "Improved and promising fecal sludge sanitizing methods: treatment of fecal sludge using resource recovery technologies." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 11, no. 3 (April 2, 2021): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.268.
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Abstract The global challenges that face sustainable sanitation services in developing countries are the lack of fecal sludge (FS) management; this is due to the rapid urbanization and population growth as it generates enormous quantities of fecal sludge. The extensive use of unimproved sanitation technologies is one of the main reasons for environmental and public health concerns. In dispersed rural areas, isolated slums or in urban areas where a sewerage system is costly, a decentralized wastewater system can be used. Therefore centralized management of decentralized wastewater systems along with proper institutional framework treatment of fecal sludge can be used to enhance the economies of developing countries from resource recovery. The discovery of new ways to inactivate pathogens contained in human waste is key in improving access to sanitation worldwide and reducing the impact of conventional waste management processes on the environment. The entire FS management system should include on-site sanitary treatment methods, collection, and transportation of FS, treatment facilities as well as resource recovery or disposal of the treated end products. This review paper addresses the hygienization of fecal sludge and improved treatment technologies for safe reuse or disposal of the end products and the significant economic revenues attained from the treatments of fecal sludge.
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Nevrlý, Vlastimír, Radovan Šomplák, Ondřej Putna, and Martin Pavlas. "Location of mixed municipal waste treatment facilities: Cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions." Journal of Cleaner Production 239 (December 2019): 118003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118003.
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Gadaleta, Giovanni, Sabino De Gisi, and Michele Notarnicola. "Feasibility Analysis on the Adoption of Decentralized Anaerobic Co-Digestion for the Treatment of Municipal Organic Waste with Energy Recovery in Urban Districts of Metropolitan Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041820.
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Anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is considered an excellent solution for both waste management and energy generation, although the impacts of waste collection and transportation on the whole management system are not negligible. AD is often regarded as a centralized solution for an entire community, although recently, there has been some debate on the adoption of decentralized, smaller facilities. This study aims to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of an AD plant at the local scale for the treatment of organic waste generated from urban districts. Depending on the type of feedstock, two scenarios were evaluated and compared with the reference scenario, based on composting treatment: (1) mono-AD of OFMSW and (2) co-AD of OFMSW and sewage sludge (SS). Furthermore, different district extensions of the metropolitan area were considered with the goal of determining the optimal size. Results showed the advantage of the two scenarios over the reference one. Scenario 1 proved to be the most suitable solution, because the introduction of SS in Scenario 2 increased costs and payback time, rather than generating a higher waste amount and lower biogas yield. The preferred district extension was the medium-sized one. Capital cost strongly affected the economic analysis, but revenue from the city for the management operation of the organic waste could significantly decrease costs. Further studies about the differences in the type of feedstock or the introduction of other criteria of analysis (such as environmental) are considered necessary.
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Kupchuk, Ihor, Oleksii Tokarchuk, Volodymyr Hontar, and Andrii Didyk. "ANALYSIS OF THE POWER BALANCE OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM FOR GRINDING AGRICULTURAL PLANT WASTE." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 4(111) (December 18, 2020): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2020-4-14.
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Despite some decisions approved by the Government of Ukraine to address the problems of efficient and environmentally sound solid waste management, in particular those that accumulate as a result of economic activity of the agro-industrial complex of the state, their practical implementation of measures declared by the Government is currently low. levels. Among a number of deterrents, the main ones include: lack of centralized recycling facilities and economically accessible for small facilities technical and technological base of waste processing, ineffective environmental control and the necessary management practices. However, vegetable waste is not always used, although it is a valuable raw material that can be used as a raw material for the production of fuel pellets, which will significantly reduce the energy dependence of the enterprise. An integral part of the technological cycle of processing plant residues into fuel briquettes is the preparation of biomass for briquetting in order to ensure the required particle size. Given the strategic importance of the formation of material and technical base to ensure highly efficient processing of agricultural waste of plant origin, as well as high energy consumption, which marks the traditional preparation of biomass for briquetting, there is a need for research to solve the problem of energy efficient grinding of structurally heterogeneous materials. high moisture content, which determines the relevance of the article. Thus, in order to achieve high efficiency of the process of grinding waste of plant origin, promising ways to reduce the energy consumption of this process based on the energy balance of the vibratory crusher rotor type and analysis of relationships between elements of the structural block diagram of the energy balance of the technological system "Vibration-rotor crusher - the processed environment ".
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Tsarev, N. S., V. I. Aksenov, and I. I. Nichkova. "Operation intensification methods of aggressive industrial sewage neutralization facilities." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 11 (November 25, 2020): 1149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-11-1149-1153.
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To neutralize the waste pickling solutions and rinsing water, resulting from cleaning metal products s surface of rust by acids solutions, lime is used. Being cheap, this method of sewage neutralization has considerable drawbacks. Forming in the technological pipes strong gypsum depositions and low specific productivity of the equipment for sediment dewatering are most significant of them. Characteristic of aggressive industrial sewage, formed at pickling of ferrous metals presented. Methods of elimination of drawbacks of industrial sewage neutralization by lime considered, including stabilization of neutralized industrial sewage and control of properties of the sediment formed. It was noted, that stability of the circulating water can be provided by accelerating of crystallization of the forming gypsum sediments by introducing in it fine priming powder and heating the neutralized water up to 65-70 °С followed by thermal softening of a part of circulating water, removed out of the circulating system. It was shown, that the heating of the water and the ongoing changes of the composition and properties of the sediment result in decrease of filtration resistance 2-3 folds, increase of deposition speed 3-4 folds and decrease the sediment volume 1.5-2 folds comparing with lime neutralization in cold water. Calculated dozes of lime at the heating were taken the same as at the regular lime neutralization. Elimination of the circulating water oversaturation by bi-water gypsum can be reached also by addition into the water of powder-like gypsum pulp - priming powder for microcrystals of the gypsum, followed by aeration during 30-40 min. This method was tested under industrial conditions. Technological properties of the forming sediment can be improved by sediment treatment by flocculants and preliminary heating of the neutralized water up to 65-70 °С. Control of technological properties of the sediment is done by addition of flocculants and heating of the neutralized water. Recommendations for improving operation of the neutralization facilities presented with indicating particular technological parameters of the equipment operation for sewage and sediment treatment.
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Joss, A., H. Siegrist, and T. A. Ternes. "Are we about to upgrade wastewater treatment for removing organic micropollutants?" Water Science and Technology 57, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.825.
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Activated sludge treatment allows only for a partial removal of micropollutants, mainly via sorption and biological degradation. Ozonation and activated carbon filtration are processes bearing the potential to drastically reduce the micropollutant load discharged to the environment after (centralized) biological treatment. The estimated total costs between 0.05 and 0.20€ per m3 treated water (depending on plant size and effluent DOC content) represent only a small fraction of the total costs for urban wastewater management and are therefore considered feasible. Full scale testing is currently planned or under way with the aim to a) confirm this cost estimation and b) to demonstrate the benefit by quantification of the effect of removal and by documenting the impact on the ecology of receiving waters. Ozonation would have the additional advantage of achieving partial disinfection. Another issue currently being intensively studied is the byproducts formed during ozonation and their toxicity. Evidence is needed that the formed ozonation byproducts are either harmless or easily degradable. Since a 5% to 20% loss of sewage is occurring due to sewer leakage and combined sewer overflow an improved reduction of micropollutant input to the aquatic environment requires that advanced centralized treatment is complemented with measures taken before discharge into the sewer. Options hereto may be waste design, labeling of compounds according to environmental friendliness or separate treatment of quantitatively significant point sources (e.g. hospital wastewater, nursery homes, industrial wastewater).
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Malykh, Olga. "Assessment, monitoring, and regulation of odors of any origin in industrial enterprises." Okhrana truda i tekhnika bezopasnosti na promyshlennykh predpriyatiyakh (Labor protection and safety procedure at the industrial enterprises), no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-4-2008-07.
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Virtually any enterprise in the food and chemical industries, as well as in treatment facilities, has waste with a distinctive unpleasant smell. Elimination of odors is becoming an urgent task for ensuring safety and labor protection at enterprises, as well as public health protection. Olga Malykh, junior research associate at the company "Odor Laboratory N 1", speaks about the experience of smell research at enterprises, the possibilities of olfactometric research, and modern methods and equipment.
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Anh Tuyet, Nguyen Thi. "ANALYSIS OF WASTE FLOWS USING WIO TABLE." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 2C (August 29, 2018): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/2c/13049.
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As industrial sectors and waste management sectors are related to each other in IO table, this paper aims to inventory waste cycles among the sectors in Vietnam using IO (Input – Output) table and WIO (Waste Input - Output) model. The national published data of 164 product sectors are based on the 2012 IO table updated for 2016. The material flows that each sector contributes to the others are quantified and then combined with the corresponding waste generation coefficient to determine the load of waste generated, collected and treated for each sector. The investigated data include quantity and composition of hazardous and solid waste handled by 200 waste treatment facilities in 2016. The type of waste is limited to 3 categories including wastewater, domestic and normal industrial waste, and hazardous waste. The research drives towards to build an economic mathematical model for Vietnam that gives a quantified analysis of waste flows.
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Kumar, Sunil, Stephen R. Smith, Geoff Fowler, Costas Velis, S. Jyoti Kumar, Shashi Arya, Rena, Rakesh Kumar, and Christopher Cheeseman. "Challenges and opportunities associated with waste management in India." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 3 (March 2017): 160764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160764.
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India faces major environmental challenges associated with waste generation and inadequate waste collection, transport, treatment and disposal. Current systems in India cannot cope with the volumes of waste generated by an increasing urban population, and this impacts on the environment and public health. The challenges and barriers are significant, but so are the opportunities. This paper reports on an international seminar on ‘Sustainable solid waste management for cities: opportunities in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries’ organized by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute and the Royal Society. A priority is to move from reliance on waste dumps that offer no environmental protection, to waste management systems that retain useful resources within the economy. Waste segregation at source and use of specialized waste processing facilities to separate recyclable materials has a key role. Disposal of residual waste after extraction of material resources needs engineered landfill sites and/or investment in waste-to-energy facilities. The potential for energy generation from landfill via methane extraction or thermal treatment is a major opportunity, but a key barrier is the shortage of qualified engineers and environmental professionals with the experience to deliver improved waste management systems in India.
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Fernández Arias, Pablo, and DIEGO VERGARA RODRIGUEZ. "NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN: ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES." DYNA 96, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10156.
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Centralized Temporary Storage Facility (CTS) is an industrial facility designed to store spent fuel (SF) and high level radioactive waste (HLW) generated at Spanish nuclear power plants (NPP) in a single location. At the end of 2011, the Spanish Government approved the installation of the CTS in the municipality of Villar de Cañas in Cuenca. This approval was the outcome of a long process of technical studies and political decisions that were always surrounded by great social rejection. After years of confrontations between the different political levels, with hardly any progress in its construction, this infrastructure of national importance seems to have been definitively postponed. The present research analyzes the management strategy of SF and HLW in Spain, as well as the alternative strategies proposed, taking into account the current schedule foreseen for the closure of the Spanish NPPs. In view of the results obtained, it is difficult to affirm that the CTS will be available in 2028, with the possibility that its implementation may be delayed to 2032, or even that it may never happen, making it necessary to adopt an alternative strategy for the management of GC and ARAR in Spain. Among the different alternatives, the permanence of the current Individualized Temporary Stores (ITS) as a long-term storage strategy stands out, and even the possibility of building several distributed temporary storage facilities (DTS) in which to store the SF and HLW from several Spanish NPP. Keywords: nuclear waste, storage, nuclear power plants.
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Vaisberg, L. A., N. V. Mikhailova, and A. V. Yasinskaya. "Tendencies in the Development of Industrial MSW Processing in Western Europe." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-12-41-47.
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The paper presents the analysis of the information collected during visits to European MSW processing facilities in the last two decades. Having considered this data, official statistics and data of technical reports of environmental and industrial associations, the authors have done the analysis of the developments of MSW treatment technologies and of the industry in general. There have been discussed traditional and alternative approaches to waste processing. Furthermore, there have been proposed recommendations on the possibility of application of different technologies to Russian Federation.
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Malliaros, C., and A. Guitonas. "Pre-treatment and elimination systems of toxic industrial waste and sludges. The case study of the department of Attika." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 2-3 (July 1, 1997): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0490.
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In the departments of Attika and Viotia there are about 1,100 industries. The total amount of produced waste from the above mentioned branches is 20 × 106 t/year, 600,000t of which contain toxic substances. By contract from October 1st, 1992 between the Ministry of the Environment, Regional Planning and Public Works and three collaborating offices (among them the office of C. Malliaros) has been assigned to the latter, the realisation of a study of the management of toxic waste (liquid) and sludges, in the Departments of Attika and Viotia. The study presented in this paper investigates the following: - collection and evaluation of data and estimation of the hydraulic and pollution loads - classification of industries according to sewage facilities - further possibilities for changes of improvements in the production process of the industrial branches for the reduction of pollution and representation of these industries on maps - proposals for the collection and transport of the liquid toxic waste and sludges - pre-treatment at the source and disposal of the liquid waste and sludges - presentation of administrative and legislative regulations - forming a policy for the management and monitoring of this waste - technical and financial evaluation and investigation of the alternative methods of treatment - suggestions for the development of the area concerning the activities and the expenses at various levels.
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Harison, Elad, Arkady Cherkassky, and Ofer Barkai. "Improving the Organization of Waste Management Sites." International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Green Technologies 12, no. 2 (July 2021): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijesgt.2021070105.
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Waste management (WM) sites operate a broad scope of processes and activities that involve treatment of industrial and private waste and its recycling and landfilling. The paper applies discrete event simulation (DES) methods to assess the performance of different configurations of WM sites, as means for improving their productivity, efficiency, and organization. The authors evaluate the functioning and performance of WM sites under various real-world scenarios, such as different waste arrival times, changes of the volume of waste due to population growth, changes in the shares of different recycled materials due to increasing awareness and public campaigns. The results of the model can serve policymakers, environmentalists, and WM site managers in utilizing their existing facilities to improve both productivity and recycling and thereby reduce waste.
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Goda, Takeshi. "General Review and New Concepts regarding the Development of Human Wastewater Treatment in Japan." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 7-8 (July 1, 1986): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0284.
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A brief historical review of Japanese human wastewater treatment and disposal since 1945 is presented. The present situation regarding night soil treatment is described. The public sewerage works have been inactive due to financial reasons since 1981, and thus small to medium sized biofilm type facilities are receiving various kinds of grey water and composite household waste. This type of compact, biofilm treatment became popular because of its inexpensive construction and energy-saving characteristics. The numbers and types of biological processes currently in use in Japan are detailed, and an overview is given of industrial waste treatment and its relationship with public sewage treatment. The overall COD flow is indicated, with the amount of waste per capita, estimated from the actual water consumption. The unit load values of BOD, COD etc. are shown, and are used for the calculation of COD load.
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SERPOKRYLOV, Nikolay N. "OVERVIEW OF CHANGES IN MASS EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF BAKOR CERAMIC AERATORS OVER 12 MONTHS OF SERVICE." Urban construction and architecture 3, no. 4S (December 15, 2013): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2013.s4.19.
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This article presents the results of studying the mass exchange characteristics of Bakor aerators during the 12-month industrial application of this aerators in aeration systems designed for the treatment of waste waters originating from diff erent sources: cities, mines, and slaughterhouses of poultry processing plants. The study revelead a +/-(5-7)% change of the mass exchange characteristics over the course of a year. The article also gives recommendations on using the aerators in the design and application of waste water processing facilities.
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Siles-Castellano, Ana B., Juan A. López-González, Macarena M. Jurado, María J. Estrella-González, Francisca Suárez-Estrella, and María J. López. "Compost Quality and Sanitation on Industrial Scale Composting of Municipal Solid Waste and Sewage Sludge." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 7525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167525.
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Municipal solid waste and sewage sludge are produced in large quantities that are often managed through industrial composting treatment. Because of their origin, composition, and complexity, ensuring adequate stabilization of the organic matter, and sanitation of fecal contaminants during composting is of the utmost significance, and difficult to achieve on an industrial scale. In this study, the operations of six industrial composting facilities that process municipal solid waste and sewage sludge were evaluated from the point of view of the sanitation achieved and the quality of the compost produced. In addition, the results were compared using the model of industrial compost from green waste. Differences between the plants were ascribable to operations other than composting systems. High phytotoxicity and fecal contamination above legislation thresholds were found in compost produced from municipal solid waste. In contrast, compost from sewage sludge were more stable and mature than those produced from green waste, and also had an adequate level of sanitation. The raw material and operational factors are of great relevance to obtain a stable, mature, and pathogen-free compost.
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Pagga, Udo. "Material Matters." MRS Bulletin 22, no. 11 (November 1997): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400034333.
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In many European countries the controlled biological treatment of organic solid waste is a suitable method in waste management. Technical prerequisites such as collection and separation systems for household waste often exist and sufficient treatment facilities for controlled aerobic composting or even anaerobic digestion are available. Space for landfill is scarce and therefore expensive in many industrial countries and biotreatment is much cheaper than incineration. The advantage of composting compared to other waste treatment techniques is not only the relatively low costs but also the technical reasons. An obvious example is the direct disposal of packaging with alimentary residues and the subsequent biological treatment. Not only green waste from gardens or biowaste from kitchens can be treated, but any compostable material is in principle suitable, for example waste from the food industry or packaging and packaging materials made from paper, cardboard, wood, or biodegradable plastics. Biological treatment has already become a good way of meeting, for example, Germany legislative targets to reduce and recycle garbage.Prerequisites for controlled biological treatment are suitable technical facilities plus standards and directives for waste management. An example is the European packaging directive which harmonizes national measures concerning the management of packaging and packaging waste. The aim is to prevent any impact of the use of packaging on the environment or to reduce such an impact. For applying this directive and any similar regulations, it is important to have clear definitions, standardized test methods, and suitable evaluation criteria to identify biodegradable packaging materials and to differentiate compostable from noncompostable packaging materials which can commonly be used and the results of which are accepted by all parties concerned.
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Bezdudnaya, Anna Geroldovna, Marina Gennadievna Treyman, Tatyana Yuryevna Ksenofontova, Roman Valentinovich Smirnov, Sergey Vyacheslavovich Prokopenkov, and Tatiana Nikolaevna Kosheleva. "Economic mechanisms to regulate environmental protection practices in industrial and household waste management in the Russian Federation." Nexo Revista Científica 34, no. 01 (April 14, 2021): 320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v34i01.11308.
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The study focuses on the aspects of environmental protection practices in the Russian Federation primarily with regard to industrial and household waste management. Waste now occupies significant areas and causes pollution of the adjacent territories and specifically underground waters that further mix with, and significantly spoil, ground waters. The study addresses the technologies of interaction and methods of economic stimulation to improve waste management going further both at the regional and national level. Almost no progress has been achieved in this direction in the Russian Federation over the past ten years – the main technological mechanism adopted in major cities and other major infrastructure facilities consisted in waste removal to a landfill without any specific treatment. More recently, urban and technological development has intensified environmental problems. The paper outlines waste management practices employed in Russia and other countries and provides an efficiency assessment. The basic economic mechanisms, such as tariff regulation, environmental levy and environmental impact fees, are described and assessed in terms of their stimulating effects on waste management improvement in the Russian Federation. Aspects of waste removal under a single regional operator are discussed and a model of public-private partnership in waste management is proposed and detailed.
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Rakhmanin, Yury A., Kamalya Yu Kuznetsova, Mariya A. Kuznetsova, Roman V. Gorenkov, Oleg Y. Tararikov, and Andrey A. Drozdov. "Best available technologies: selection of domestic disinvasion products in the treatment of industrial waste water and their sediments." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 12 (January 25, 2021): 1324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-12-1324-1329.
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Introduction. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign approaches to regulatory and legal regulation of technologies for industrial treatment of wastewater and its sediments concerning parasitic pathogens. The scientific and applied aspects of introducing domestic lime-containing reagents into disinvasion technology, which can be an alternative to energy-intensive and expensive water treatment methods, have been updated. For consideration by the R.F. Department of water and communal services, the work presents a comparative analysis of Russian and European regulatory and legal acts on the use of reagent compositions of slaked/quicklime in industrial technologies for decontamination and disinfection of sewage and their sediments. Standardization of processes and quality of wastewater disinvasion and its sediments with justification of measures to strengthen hygienic control in the world community of water treatment is updated. Materials and methods. applied methods of overview, comparative analysis to evaluate the regulatory and legal regulation of technological techniques that ensure parasitocidal efficiency of wastewater treatment and its sediments in industrial water treatment. Results. The data of full-scale studies of the waters of the surface reservoirs of the Moscow region and the quality of wastewater treatment at discharge points indicate the low efficiency of disinvestment of urban wastewater from centralized wastewater disposal, entering the hydraulic structures of the metropolis and their contribution to the total level of high parasitic pollution of surface water sources. Conclusion. The analysis of the regulatory regulation of the wastewater treatment and sediments industry showed no development of standardization of wastewater and sediments treatment sub-processes and their complete disinvasion according to parasitic safety criteria. A comparative analysis of measures to enhance hygienic assessment of the quality of cleaning and production of secondary products from formed waste and sediments also showed that preliminary work was done with best available technologies (BAT-5) (information technology support (ITS) 10-2015) on compliance with the sanitary legislation of the Russian Federation, including in terms of legal regulation of standard procedures for the production of by-product (biogas, organic fertilizer, soil, recultivant, etc.) or practically non-hazardous or low-hazard waste intended for placement in the environment.
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Lin, Hongjian, Yuchuan Wang, Leif van Lierop, Carlos Zamalloa, Casey Furlong, Michael Keleman, and Bo Hu. "Study of food waste degradation in a simulated septic tank." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 12 (October 14, 2019): 1199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19879221.
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Septic systems are typically designed to treat domestic wastewater from households without access to centralized facilities. The installation of a food waste disposer (FWD) may increase the discharge of food waste (FW) into the wastewater; therefore, the installation of a FWD is discouraged in households that have a septic system. This study was conducted to determine how a typical dose of FW from a FWD can affect the performance of a septic system in terms of sewage treatment and solids accumulation. A 20-L control tank was compared with an experiment tank to which FW was added, increasing the amount of total suspended solids (TSS) by 31.3% and total chemical oxygen demands by 46.3% for a period of 110 days. Although the influent water quality changed dramatically, the effluent from the experiment tank had a substantially lower percentage increase in water quality parameters compared with the effluent from the control. It was found that in the experiment tank, 75.8% of FW TSS was degraded, whereas only 36.7% of sewage TSS was degraded, and that 18.8% of FW TSS and 44.9% of sewage TSS accumulated in the experiment tank. The addition of FW increased the scum accumulation, even though the dry matter of the scum layer was much less in quantity than the sludge layer. It also increased the lipid content in the sludge. The increase in the scum layer was mainly due to the increase in protein from the addition of the FW. Overall, compared with sewage TSS, FW TSS tends to be more biodegradable, which indicates that the impact on pumping frequency from adding FW will be insignificant.
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Cheng, Shikun, Mingyue Zhao, Heinz-Peter Mang, Xiaoqin Zhou, and Zifu Li. "Development and application of biogas project for domestic sewage treatment in rural China: opportunities and challenges." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, no. 4 (October 20, 2017): 576–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.011.
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Abstract The biogas project for domestic sewage treatment (BPDST) is considered a promising facility for wastewater management in rural areas of China. This paper explores previous experimental works, cost analysis, and BPDST structure and design based on Chinese literature. Opportunities for developing decentralized or neighborhood-based BPDSTs include fulfilling Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the water pollution situation and deficiency of wastewater treatment facilities, the advantages of BPDSTs compared with centralized sewage plant, government support and policy drive for rural wastewater treatment, and reuse demand for resources. Meanwhile, challenges faced are emphasized as follows: uncertain responsibility for BPDSTs under different governmental departments restricts BPDST development and should be specified; uncertain effluent quality due to low efficiency of nutrient removal requires aerobic post-treatment to some extent; rural environmental awareness is still low and should be heightened; more funds should be invested in R&D for improvement of technology innovation; more reuse and resource recovery elements should be considered during implementation; follow-up services are lacking and should be improved; and BPDST maintenance should be trained. This paper could provide valuable reference for other developing countries.
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Babadzhanova, O., D. Voytovych, and M. Lavrivskiy. "REDUCING THE DANGER OF WASTE DISPOSAL TO FILTERING STATIONS." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety, no. 18 (December 31, 2018): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.18.2018.12.
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Formulation of the problem.
In recent years there has been a decline in the quality of water, both surface and underground sources, involved in the system of centralized water supply. The majority of river basins according to the hygienic classification of water objects according to the degree of pollution can be attributed to contaminated and highly contaminated.This causes the need to increase the role of water treatment facilities and the need to find ways to improve the efficiency of cleaning polluted water. For water purification, mechanical, chemical, physical and biological methods of treatment are used.Among the chemical methods of water treatment, now the most application is the method of chlorination. The main disadvantage of using liquefied chlorine for chlorination is the increased risk of poisoning of the staff of the water treatment plants and in the case of an accident – inhabitants adjacent to these stations of settlements.Presenting main material.Business facilities that use hazardous chemicals (such as chlorine) are potential sources of man-made hazard. Companies that carry out chlorination of water, carry additional costs for object protection, an automated notification system, equipment for the elimination of emissions, special ventilation systems, special systems for storing and neutralizing damaged containers with chlorine.Recently, various modern methods of decontamination have been used to decontaminate drinking water and to reduce the risk. The use of sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant reagent, which is obtained at the site of application by electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions, is one of the most promising methods of decontamination. While retaining all the benefits of chlorination with the use of liquid chlorine, the use of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite avoids the basic complexity associated with the transportation and storage of toxic gas, in addition, to eliminate the constant dependence on the plants supplying liquid chlorine.The analysis of hazards and accidents statistics at water treatment enterprises showed that the greatest percentage of emergency situations occurs during the loading / unloading operations of the substance-cleaner, therefore it is expedient to obtain sodium hypochlorite at the place of use.In order to substantiate the possibility and promise of a more safe method of water purification from the point of view of the technogenic hazard of a method of purification of water, a certain treatment station – «Artemivsk filtering station», located on the outskirts of the city of Bakhmut, was selected.It has been estimated that the depressurization of the chlorine container at the «Artemivsk filtration station» can create a 4.8 km depth zone that will cover part of the city, and if the sodium hypochlorite is applied to the filter station, the depth of the chemical pollution zone decreases to 0.2 km.Conclusions.Safe operation of chemical hazardous objects, which are filtering stations, can be provided under normal and emergency conditions by alternative, safer, disinfection water reagents. While retaining all the benefits of chlorination with the use of liquid chlorine, the use of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite avoids the basic complexity associated with the transport and storage of toxic gas and reduce the danger to the population.
Water purification with sodium hypochlorite instead of chlorine has the following advantages: safe storage and transportation, ease of dispensing, long-term disinfection effect, an absence of a threat of a technogenic accident and the exclusion of negative impact on the health of the city's residents.
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Shahid, Kanwal, and Eric Hittinger. "Techno-economic optimization of food waste diversion to treatment facilities to determine cost effectiveness of policy incentives." Journal of Cleaner Production 279 (January 2021): 122634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122634.
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Sadala, Swathy, Saikat Dutta, Radhika Raghava, TS Sasi Jyothsna, B. Chakradhar, and Sadhan Kumar Ghosh. "Resource recovery as alternative fuel and raw material from hazardous waste." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 11 (July 3, 2019): 1063–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19854124.
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The treatment and disposal of industrial waste has become a critical economic and environmental issue with the ever-increasing rates of its generation. Industries in India, as major players in building the economy and GDP, expel about 7.4 million tons of hazardous waste annually, out of which around 3.98 million tons are recyclable for resource or energy recovery. India’s scenario in the usage of alternative fuel and raw material is less than 1%, which reflects a huge quantum of hazardous waste for potential usage in alternative fuel and raw material. The Netherlands, with around 83% of total hazardous waste, is the highest user of hazardous waste as alternative fuel and raw material in cement kilns. Uncontrolled waste management degrades land, ground water and air quality, leading to health risks to humans, animals and the ecosystem. Presently, industrial waste in most cases is disposed to landfills after incineration, without utilizing the full potential of the wastes through recirculation. The present study analyzed the current situation of the treatment facilities for attaining a sustainable management system using waste as alternative fuel and raw material for the disposal of hazardous waste. Through the alternative fuel and raw material concept, hazardous wastes can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels and/or raw material in a few types of industries. This will surely enhance the efficient recirculation of industrial wastes. This paper presents the overall view of Indian hazardous-waste generating industries, their locations, the potential of wastes as alternate sources of fuel to other industries, the use of alternative fuel and raw material by cement industries and applicable regulatory requirements.
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Subatkevičienė, Karina, Ina Tetsman, and Justinas Gargasas. "NUOTEKŲ VALYMO SORBENTAIS TYRIMAS / RESEARCH OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH SORBENTS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 11 (February 1, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2019.7086.
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One of the largest industrial waste water pollutants is petroleum products. The most widely used physico-chemical cleaning methods (use of sorbents) are used for cleaning them, but the main difficulty is the selection of suitable sorbents (different according to their origin and structure) and maintenance of op-tidal treatment facilities. The production of sorbents from secondary raw materials reduces the amount of waste and, at the same time, protects nature against hazardous materials, for example from used car tires. Three different sorbent species (organic organic sorbents – branched lead, synthetic sorbents – zeolites, sorbents made of atrium raw materials – crushed used tires) have been evaluated and compared. The changes in the concentrations of oil products in the wastewater before and after treatment procees were evaluated and compared. The initial concentration of oil products in waste water was 0.25 mg/m3. Experimental studies show that the maximum adsorption capacity is 2.90 g/g (fraction 1.00−1.50 mm) of zeolite 2.55 g/g (fraction 2 mm), and 1.97 g/g The crushed tire rubber (fraction 1.00−1.50 mm) has adsorption capacity similar to that of a trimmer. The efficiency of the separa-tion of ceolite (fraction 2.00 mm) ranged from 87.51% to 96.11%, and the straw burners from 91.30% to 94.55%, and the crushed tire rubber shavings (fraction 1.00−1, 50 mm), the purification efficiency ranged from 91.51% to 95.21%.
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Ivanchenko, A., K. Khavikova, and M. Voloshin. "SEDIMENTATION ANALYSIS OF THE DISPERSED PHASE DURING TREATMENT OF PHENOLIC WASTEWATER OF COKE-CHEMICAL PRODUCTION BY GLAUCONITE." Collection of scholarly papers of Dniprovsk State Technical University (Technical Sciences) 2, no. 37 (April 23, 2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.37.2020.17.
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Kinetic regularities of adsorption treatment of phenolic wastewater with glauconite have been revealed. It was found that glauconite at a dose of 2 g/dm3 in combination with a 0.1% solution of cationic flocculant, which provides removal of resinous substances up to 94% for 10 min and phenols up to 20% during 20 min. As a result, the MPC of phenols and resinous substances was achieved at the stage of mechanical treatment of effluents, which are then fed for biochemical processing into aeratanks, which is 415 mg/dm³ and 25 mg/dm3, respectively. The dispersed composition of sediments after treatment of industrial wastewater with glauconite was studied. It was found that the particle radii of the polydisperse system "liquid waste – glauconite" in combination with cationic flocculant were the largest and reached r = 537 mkm, which is twice the maximum polydisperse systems "liquid waste – glauconite" and "liquid waste – glauconite" with an anionic flocculant. Sedimentation analysis showed that the sedimentation time of the sediment decreased from 17 min to 6 min in the system "liquid waste – glauconite" in combination with cationic flocculant and formed a precipitate of loose flakes, which settled quickly. The introduction of a flotation plant with a dosage of natural glauconite 2 g/dm3 in combination with a 0.1% solution of cationic flocculant at industrial treatment facilities is proposed. Engineering solutions will improve the quality of wastewater supplied for coke quenching and will make it possible to transport and dispose of sludge after waste treatment with glauconite, which is planned to be used as a raw material for the manufacture of pavements in asphalt plants.
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Gilbert, Yan, and Caroline Duchaine. "Bioaerosols in industrial environments: a reviewThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Biological Air Treatment." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 12 (December 2009): 1873–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-117.
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Air quality in workplaces is a main concern for industrial hygienists and occupational health specialists. Aerosolization of microorganisms or their by-products from contaminated material can significantly decrease the air quality and expose the workers’ health to potentially harmful effects. To identify the risks and elaborate safe exposure thresholds, the microbiology of air samples from industrial workplaces must be characterized, which means the airborne microorganisms must be identified and quantified. This review summarizes, for nonbiologist specialists, the principal sampling and analysis techniques for air sample characterization regarding microbiological contamination. A survey of the literature regarding levels of airborne bacteria, fungi, and viruses in agricultural industries, waste management plants, peat and wood processing facilities, and other industries is also provided. This review shows that very complex bioaerosol sources are present in industrial settings, and variable and hardly predictable biodiversity is expected in such environments.
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Francisco, R., J. Scheleuderer, S. S. Venturelli, and G. C. da Rocha. "Alternatives for Soil Disposal of Excess Activated Sludge from the Industrial Waste Treatment Plant at Companhia Alcoolquímica Nacional." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0051.
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The industrial wastewater treatment plant at Companhia Alcoolquímica Nacional in Cabo, PE, with operation start-up expected in the second semester of 1986, is composed of: hydraulic and organic load equalization, pH correction and an extended aeration activated sludge plant. For the purpose of disposing of 995 kg solids/day (dry solids) excess biological sludge, a study was undertaken with the intention of using land disposal, after preliminary comparison with other conventional methods. For the disposal of this sludge, which was thickened to 4% suspended solids by dissolved air flotation, two alternatives were proposed:Land disposal by subsurface injection (10 t dry solids per hectare per pass every 60 days).Land disposal by the trench fill system, in an available area of 3 ha. In the case of subsurface injection, grass would be used for the vegetation cover. In the case of the trench fill system, corn and/or manioc tillages would be used. The crops obtained from these tillages may be used for animal feed. After analysing several factors, such as available area, implementation and operating costs, handling facilities and climatic conditions, the trench fill disposal system was chosen. This has the following features:(a)Trenches with 50 cm base, distance from one trench to the next of 100 cm, (i.e., 10 trenches per 15 m), 35 cm depth;(b)0.3% trench slopes;(c)Conveyance of thickened sludge through a main chute with 0.1% slope;(d)120 t dry solids/ha/yr application, on a 3 ha total area;(e)Addition accomplished at a rate of 1/5 ha/day (5 days per week), the whole cycle being completed every three weeks.
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Edelmann, W., and H. Engeli. "Combined Digestion and Composting of Organic Industrial and Municipal Wastes in Switzerland." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0099.
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The potential of the organic solid wastes in Switzerland from household, industry, gardens, public grounds and treatment of wood has been determined to be about 955 000 tons Total Solid (TS) per year. While lignified wastes have to be composted, wet and easily degradable wastes are suitable for anaerobic digestion. These humid wastes cause odor problems in composting facilities. For more than one third of the total potential digestion is a better solution than composting. Combined plants, where the digestion is directly combined with composting, show many advantages, such as the appropriate treatment for different substrate fractions, use of the same machineries for the pre- and the post-treatment, self-sufficiency in energy as well as utilization of the waste water derived from liquid-solid separation at the end of the digestion for the irrigation of the windrows. Detailed investment and operating costs for different aerobic and anaerobic treatment methods are presented. It is shown, that anaerobic digestion is significantly cheaper than composting. Combined plants cost rather less than plants which treat the wastes exclusively by way of composting. Therefore, the treatment of solid organic wastes in combined plants is recommended.
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Mekonnen, Gemechu Beyene, and Akihiro Tokai. "A Historical Perspective of Municipal Solid Waste Management and Recycling System in Japan: Learning for Developing Countries." Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 3 (May 26, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n3p85.
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The need for infectious disease control resulted in the establishment of a waste administration system in Japan in the early twentieth century. The unresolved sanitation problems in major cities arose from the narrow range of action by municipalities that activated the collaboration of stakeholders in 1954. The emergence of pollution problems from factories resulted in the separate treatment of industrial waste laid the cornerstone for the modern municipal solid waste (MSW) management system in 1970. The advancements reached in waste collection and transportation increased collection coverage put the public health importance of waste under control. The development of low-pollution environmental facilities reduced the urgency of living environment protection. The priority factor was changed from waste volume reduction to air pollution control and then to the efficiency of energy recovery in setting up waste incineration plants. The waste generation reduction became the priority policy when the need for resource management emerged in the 1990s. Since then, both the MSW generation and the final disposal amount have been declining, increasing in the remaining landfill lifetime. The recycling and bulky waste reprocessing facilities have been scaled-up, increasing recycling and recovery rate. The system has been evolved towards waste prevention through the earlier identification, recognition, and timely response to the development needs. This paper presents both the physical components and governance aspects in the historical development of MSW management and recycling systems in Japan, which can be used to outline the current and future needs of waste management planning in developing countries.