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1
Broitman, Dani, and Eric Koomen. "The attraction of urban cores: Densification in Dutch city centres." Urban Studies 57, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 1920–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019864019.
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Urban growth is typically considered a process of expansion. As population grows and transport costs decrease urban density gradients are expected to gradually flatten. This is a basic feature of cities, explained by urban economic models and empirically supported by a plethora of studies about urban density development from all over the world. However, additional forces, such as changes in demographic composition and locational preferences of the urban population acting at local levels, may counteract the flattening tendency of urban gradients. In this paper, we suggest a methodology to test the impact of local density changes on urban gradients, looking at spatio-temporal developments in terms of housing and population. Using highly detailed data on individual housing units and inhabitants in major Dutch cities, we first assess and compare urban density gradients during the period 2000–2017. In all the analysed Dutch cities, both dwelling and population density gradients are becoming steeper over time, contradicting standard predictions from urban economic literature and empirical reports worldwide. The observed trend of steepening urban gradients is partly explained by the presence of historical monuments and urban amenities.
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Perić-Romić, Ranka. "Rehabilitation of urban heritage in the service of ethno-national divisions on the example of Sarajevo and Banja Luka." Politea 10, no. 20 (2020): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/politeia0-29337.
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This paper discusses the impact of the process of rehabilitation and revitalisation of the cultural and historical heritage of Banja Luka and Sarajevo on the strengthening of ethno-national policies /patterns of a divided society. Special attention will be paid to the processes of preserving the urban centres/historical cores of the mentioned cities, which are recognisable as places of separation and distancing for 'non-belonging' ethnic groups. In that sense, the rehabilitation of the urban heritage of Banja Luka and Sarajevo will not be exclusively problematised as preservation and aestheticisation of cultural and historical heritage 'per se', but as a kind of instrumentalisation of urban space for the purpose of over emphasising ethno-national identities in the post-war period. The survey will be primarily based on a comparative analysis of available data on the development of urban centres so far. The survey results indicate that the mentioned instrumentalisation of urban heritage is manifested through the planning and construction/renovation of specific facilities that (un)justifiably fit into the existing cultural and historical context characteristic of these cities. From that perspective, it is noticeable that the cultural and historical cores of Banja Luka and Sarajevo today have a far more significant role in promoting ethno-national identities and divisions than was the case in the past. The character of these processes does not have exclusively intentional features, but is conditioned by other current policies of urban development that do not have an ethno-national background.
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Bratuškins, Uģis, and Sandra Treija. "Urban Communication: The Uses of Public Space in Riga Historical City Centre." Architecture and Urban Planning 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aup-2017-0014.
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Abstract Expansion of cities and their impact areas extend also the semantic boundaries of urban ecentres, while public open space in the city centres maintain attractivity, especially within the medieval cores. The diverse functional processes that satisfy the needs of all users of urban space in general, on the one hand carry the function of circulation or communication, and on the other – relaxation or recreation. Elements of spatial organization and environment planning essential for the realization of each function differ, and depending on which of the functional processes prevails in the particular place, open space acquires either priority of communication or of recreation. The paper focuses on the interests and needs of main groups of users of the historical city centre – Riga Old Town, states availability of adequate space, as well as sets the criteria of high-quality public open space.
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Chahardowli, Mehrdad, Hassan Sajadzadeh, Farshid Aram, and Amir Mosavi. "Survey of Sustainable Regeneration of Historic and Cultural Cores of Cities." Energies 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 2708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112708.
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The united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization (UNESCO) considers the historic urban landscapes as the world heritages. Managing historic city centers and maintaining historic cores are the emerging challenges for sustainable urban planning. Today, the historic cores form an important part of the economic, social, environmental, and physical assets and capacities of contemporary cities, and play a strategic role in their development. One of the most important approaches to the development of central textures, especially in historical and cultural cities, is the sustainable urban regeneration approach, which encompasses all aspects of sustainability, such as the economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects. To maintain sustainability and regeneration of historic cores of cities, it is necessary to provide insight into the underlying characteristics of the local urbanization. Furthermore, the fundamental assets are to be investigated as indicators of sustainable regeneration and drivers of urban development. In the meantime, a variety of research and experience has taken place around the world, all of which has provided different criteria and indicators for the development of strategies for the historic cores of cities. The present study, through a meta-analytic and survey method, analyzing the experience and research reported in 139 theoretical and empirical papers in the last twenty years, seeks to provide a comprehensive conceptual model taking into account the criteria and indices of sustainable regeneration in historic cores of cities. The quality of the survey has been ensured using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA).
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Melnik, N. V., A. Ye Demenko, and M. Mirets. "MODERN ARCHITECTURE IN HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT(CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES)." Problems of theory and history of architecture of Ukraine, no. 20 (May 12, 2020): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2519-4208-2020-20-195-203.
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The article is of a generalizing nature; the authors investigate the problem associated with architectural design in the historical environment. The newly built civilian objects are considered as examples of the organic interaction between “old” and “new” in European cities. The authors’ positions of domestic and foreign professionals regarding the development of the potential of the historical centres of modern cities are considered. In connection with the dynamics of urban growth in the XXI century, the problem of renewal and development of historically established centers arises. Development as a modernization of the historical environment assumes a high-quality level of integration of relevant functions in the unique conditions of authentic urban structures. The cultural aspect of the problem is to solve the main problem of the historical environment -the preservation and protection of the valuable architectural and urban planning heritage. The authors highlight the need for an integrated approach to theproblem and formulation of a development strategy. The experience of Odessa shows the negative results of delay in such matters. Urban space as a living organism presupposes a progressive process of regeneration of both the urban structure and the “tissue” of the city, filling the space and being subordinated to the structure. A scientific approach presupposes discussion, variability and flexibility concerning the protection and development of the historical environment. However, taking into account the whole complex of economic, administrative, and cultural conditions, we can say about two main approaches in relation to the historical architectural environment in Ukraine. One is based on a conservative approach and denies the objects of modern architecture in the historical environment. This approach assumes that a historically formed urban planning formation is an integral urban planning phenomenon and only allows the construction of new objects in historical styles, allows the priority task of restoration and reconstruction of existing objects. Another approach is based on a dialectical approach and allows the introduction into the historical tissue of the city of new objects that meet all progressive achievements of engineering and technology, have modern and current features of the style (stylistic direction). At the same time, an important aspect is the novelty and high aesthetic level of architecture, due to the requirements of modern society. The logic of this approach comes from the very essence ofarchitecture, placed in the classic triad of benefit, strength and beauty. The most important factor that determines the value of the historical core of the city, in particular, the historical centre of Odessa, is the integrity of the historical structure, the interaction of all elements of the architectural complex, and a balanced urban infrastructure. At the same time, the architectural complex consists of objects of different value categories. Some are historical and architectural monuments of the universal, state and local importance. Others are authentic objects of “back-ground” development that contribute to the integrity of the city’s historical tissue. This is the picture that shows a historical accuracy. According to the authors, the scale for determining the objective value of each architectural object in this case is of a relative nature and, to a large extent, in our time is not the primary task of preserving the architectural heritage. The task of an integrated approach to the problem and elaboration of a preservation strategy is a priority task. In recent years, intensive construction has taken place on local fragments of the historical part of the city, which leads to the final destruction of the historical city. In many cases, modern civil engineering works are monotonous and have doubtful cultural qualities, and at the technical level they exacerbate the situation of collapse at the infrastructural level. There is an international, in particular, European experience in solving the problem of the conflict between new and historical in the cities of Germany, Poland, Spain, etc. The destructive cataclysms of the XX century caused great losses to the architectural heritage. The world community has developed norms and rules that allow for a huge number of implementation options in the context of regional features. The problem of a new construction in the historical environment today is not about the question of whether the object is stylized or modernized. The problem is to determine the principles of interaction of the historical environment with new structures, in the degree of “civility” of a new architecture, the ability of the “new” to further develop the potential of urban space.
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Shireen Jahn Kassim Illyani Ibrah, Puteri, and . "Ecological Urbanism in the Tropics Studies on the Sustainable Dimensions of Malay Traditional Urban Centers." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.9 (July 9, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.9.15285.
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Many of the present eco-cities are designed and planned with an emphasis on high technology and infrastructure yet the meaning of sustainability itself implies a balance between past and present. Past urban configurations that rise from earlier traditional socio-cultural structures reflect sustainable principles localised to climate and ecology. The aim of this study is to reconstruct urban morphologies be-fore the advent of the automobile in order to analyse and characterise urban forms that are aligned with ecological criteria such as walk-ability, permeability and shade. Three traditional urban center or ‘cores’ in tropical Malaysia which had reigned during the early colo-nial era yet still related sultanate-based polities are mapped in terms of morphologies and these urban ‘core’ configurations were esti-mated and composed according to historical documents and evidences . These urban patterns are then discussed with regards to the present principles and criteria of green urbanism. The reconstructed and mapped urban cores are discussed in relation to green urban-ism principles and criteria, namely, based on global sustainable standards namely the LEED ND (Leadership in Energy and Environ-mental Design) version 4 neighbourhood rating system. The findings from this study suggest the contextualization of sustainable criteria according to climate and postulate the differences between traditional urban morphologies that can further regionalism principles of current green urbanism and further contextualise key principles in international standards on urbanism.
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Nigar Mumtaz, Shabnam. "COMMUNITY BASED URBAN AREA CONSERVATION LESSONS FROM PAKISTAN." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 22 (June 30, 2017): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap2212017_3.
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Pakistan has a treasure of historic cores as part of various cities that date back to Pre-Mughal, Mughal and post Mughal periods. Even those that were developed during the 19th century British rule have areas that are valuable as representative of a shared heritage with colonies of Britain. Since many historic cores have become part of the cities, these historic cores are seriously threatened. Unesco World Heritage List includes many major historical monuments and sites of Pakistan but it is yet to list any historical town in Pakistan .The local legislation also does not list any historical town. In spite of their value most historical areas are deteriorated and many parts of this significant heritage have been lost over the years. Community based conservation promotes the idea that the key to success of long term conservation lies in community engagement bringing the benefits of historical conservation to the local community. However, although community based conservation is practiced commonly world wide, it is not always successful. This paper tries to answer the following questions: 1. Is community based conservation an effective tool in Pakistan for conservation of urban areas? 2. What are the factors that contribute to the success or failure of such conservation exercises? 3. What part does a project design and local community character play in the success or failure of an urban conservation project. A multi sited case study method has been used to conservation project both similarities and differences related to review heritage conservation. Each site has been analysed for its unique local context and each project has been reviewed different project design which speaks about the multi layered challenges of heritage conservation. The three cases presented here offer valuable lessons for the design and implementation of area conservation programs in Pakistan. One lesson is the need to put all values embedded in urban heritage into play, as they are the drivers that mobilize a diverse set of stakeholders. These values include socio cultural and social justice, historic, artistic, educational and economic factors that can mobilize community, Government, Elite, Philanthropist and Entrepreneurs. The premise of analysis here is that the more the variety of values the more sustainable the conservation. The methodology used is literature review from secondary sources i.e. books, articles, academic papers and discussions with colleagues. The conclusion points towards the fact that In Pakistan community based conservation may not be the only solution to area conservation because only few groups can value it, like academia, groups from civil society and some government departments and communities at large need more motivation and awareness to become the major participant of urban area conservation exercises. The role of elite and private sector is also very insignificant. Any external agency can help only in advisory and financial capacity, but means to generate funds locally should be there. The status of urban area conservation is described by an academic conservationist Prof. Dr. Anila Naeem form the Department of Architecture and Planning, NED University o Engineering and Technology in 2009 as follows: “In Pakistan urban area conservation is not an established professional field and designation of historic centers is altogether a very new idea. Thus, conserving urban heritage areas may take many shapes and meanings and conservation of urban areas is more complex than conservation of individual buildings or archaeological remains. Keywords: Urban area conservation, community, Pakistan, heritage, historic cores.
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Burinskienė, Marija, and Modesta Gusarovienė. "THE IMPACT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT ON THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT ORGANISATION IN TERRITORIES / MIESTŲ URBANISTINĖS PLĖTROS ĮTAKA TERITORIJŲ VIEŠOJO TRANSPORTO ORGANIZAVIMO LYGIUI." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 7, no. 1 (May 6, 2015): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2015.722.
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Urban development of a modern city should combine and cover most of areas. One of the most important areas that ensure sustainable urban development is the sustainable development of the system of communication. This is one of the most important factors that shapes the city and has a direct influence on urban socio-economic viability, ensuring the quality of the environment and safe traffic conditions. Cities formed in the course of historical processes usually divide into certain areas, centres-cores, peripheral zones, functional centres etc. A territorial communication system, as well as all other infrastructure, must meet the needs of local residents and working people in the broad sense. The article analyses how the communication system infrastructure meets the spatial functioning in order to ensure conditions for work and development. In the case of Vilnius, the level of public transport organisation at the core of the city and peripheral areas is examined. The majority of residents live in residential areas dominated by multi-apartment buildings: Žirmūnai, Lazdynai, Karoliniškės, Šeškinė, Justiniškės and Fabijoniškės are areas populated by more than 5% of residents, with 4.5% residing at Antakalnis and Pašilaičiai. As these areas are easy to reach from work, they constitute the main transport zone of the city with Centras, Žvėrynas, Viršuliškės, Vilkpėdė, Šnipiškės and Baltupiai as intermediary zones. Express buses are serving the main core of the city that covers 27 transport zones out of 50; this territory covers 32% of the total area of Vilnius and the area contains 85% of the urban population and jobs. Šiuolaikinio miesto urbanistinė plėtra turi būti kompleksinė ir apimti daugumą sričių. Viena iš svarbiausių sričių, užtikrinanti darnią miestų urbanistinę plėtrą – susisiekimo sistemos darnioji plėtra. Tai vienas svarbiausių miestą formuojančių veiksnių, turinčių tiesioginės įtakos miestų socialiniam-ekonominiam gyvybingumui, užtikrinančių aplinkos kokybę ir saugias eismo sąlygas. Istorinių procesų eigoje susiformavę miestai, kaip įprasta, dalijasi į tam tikras teritorijas – centrus-branduolius, periferines zonas, funkcinius centrus ir kt. Teritorijų susisiekimo sistemos, kaip ir visa kita infrastruktūra, turi tenkinti tos teritorijos gyventojų ir darbo žmonių poreikius plačiąja prasme. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama susisiekimo sistemos infrastruktūros atitiktis teritorijų funkcionavimui, siekiant užtikrinti sąlygas dirbti ir vystytis. Vilniaus pavyzdžiu nagrinėjamas viešojo transporto organizavimo miesto branduolyje bei periferinėse zonose lygis. Gyvenamuosiuose rajonuose, kur vyrauja daugiaaukščiai, gyvena didžioji dalis miestiečių: daugiau nei po 5 % miesto gyventojų Žirmūnų, Lazdynų Karoliniškių, Šeškinės, Justiniškių, Fabijoniškių rajonuose, per 4,5 % – Antakalnio ir Pašilaičių rajonuose. Visi šie rajonai gyventojų darbo pasiekiamumo pagrindu formuoja pagrindinę miesto susisiekimo zoną, į kurią kaip tarpiniai rajonai dar patenka Centro, Žvėryno, Viršuliškių Vilkpėdės, Šnipiškių, Baltupių rajonai. Greitieji autobusai aptarnauja pagrindinį miesto branduolį, į kurį patenka 27 transportiniai rajonai iš 50, jų teritorija sudaro 32 % visos Vilniaus teritorijos, ši teritorija apima 85 % gyventojų ir darbo vietų.
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Konheim, Carolyn S., and Brian Ketcham. "Effective Transit Requires Walkable Communities: Land Use Lessons of Transport Patterns in Four World Cities." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1722, no. 1 (January 2000): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1722-07.
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A comparison of transportation systems in the metropolitan areas of the world’s financial capitals—London, Paris, New York, and Tokyo—found that although all of the urban areas are spreading outward from their historical and economic cores, there are striking differences in their patterns of development—and the transport consequences. The principal determinant of travel demand and mode in the four cities is the extent to which housing and employment are clustered around transit. It appears that the more that daily trip needs can be met by walking, the more likely that longer trips will be made by transit than by automobile. This conclusion is drawn from the high transit use and low automobile use in the inner zones of New York, where there is the largest number of rapid-transit stations of all four cities. It is reinforced by comparisons of outer zones of New York and Tokyo with similar total population density but strikingly different configurations of settlement and greatly contrasting travel patterns. Extensive supporting data are reported. The land use configurations of each region are as much the product of institutional and economic forces as of each city’s geography, history, and culture. London, the urban area most similar to the New York region in size and culture, is responding to aggressive national policies that mandate land use plans to promote town centers and reduce travel demand. Long-range planning processes in Tokyo and Paris have achieved transit-oriented development even in their outer zones. In contrast, hundreds of municipalities in the 31 -county New York metropolitan area make reactive land use decisions influenced by incentives to sprawl inherent in the U.S. economy. Measures to offset these forces are recommended.
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Khrunyk, E. V. "TRANSFORMATION OF VISUAL QUALITIES OF HISTORICAL CENTRES OF SIBERIA CITIES." Journal «Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsiyi. Stroyitelstvo. Nedvizhimost» 8, no. 3 (2018): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2018-3-217-227.
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Auzina, L. I. "Predicting groundwater rise in historical centres of Eastern Siberian cities." Earth sciences and subsoil use 44, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-1-73-84.
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The purpose of the research work is to develop a procedure for on-line prediction of the groundwater hydrodynamic mode change caused by the barrage effect of deep foundation structure construction. The main method used is the development of an analytical model as a result of variant solutions of the Laplace equation. The solutions have been elaborated in the course of studies conducted in historical centers of Irkutsk and other cities of Eastern Siberia. As a result, diagrams predicting the formation depth of groundwater level have been created, and the territories have been assessed according to their flooding conditions. An analytical model has been developed for backwater prediction. The model is rather simple, universal and can be applied for predictive calculations on the territories of historical cities located in similar geological and hydrogeological conditions. The available material analyzed, it is concluded that preliminary vertical planning of the territory, correct approach to foundation type selection as well as seasonal rise of underground water play a significant role in the formation of a new headwater elevation.
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Tikhonova, Olha, and José Beirão. "A tale of two cities - A comparative study of historical urban cores." Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability 13, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 448–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17549175.2020.1753227.
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Pilka, Martin, and Nikolay Sluka. "US Global Cities as Centres of Attraction of Foreign TNCs." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 46, no. 46 (December 20, 2019): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2019-0039.
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AbstractThe concept of global cities and the importance of transnationalisation processes in their formation are widely acknowledged. However, the debate surrounding global city identification continues. The study introduces a new approach to evaluating global cities by primarily looking at them as locales for foreign multinational corporations. By analysing the location decisions made by foreign TNCs in the Forbes 2000 rankings, two things become apparent: the “nodality” of US global cities and their hierarchical pattern. Our findings show the key role that Alpha global cities play in attracting and fostering international business. We identify five uneven groups of cities. These groups are defined in accordance with our methodology and are as follows: the New York city-hegemon, leading cities, heavyweight cities, middleweight cities and outsider cities. The article specifies several key factors determining a city’s attractiveness to foreign corporations: its geo-economical power, functional specialisation, location, historical and cultural ties, and position on different sectoral markets.
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KAYaSOV, A. A. "DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF BUSINESS CENTRES IN THE REGIONS OF RUSSIA." Urban construction and architecture 1, no. 4 (December 15, 2011): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2011.04.3.
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The article deals with the perspectives and stages of business centre construction in the regions and biggest cities of Russia. It touches upon the historical aspect of placement and development of business activity zones on the territories of former industrial and production complexes in the structure of urban environment.
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Masullo, Massimiliano, Roxana Adina Toma, and Luigi Maffei. "Further investigation on pockets of quiet within historical city centres: the case of widenings." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2296.
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Making available quiet zones for the urban population is a key factor to offer them the possibility to have restorative experiences and relief from stressful city life. Although these zones are often associated with vast green parks, the latter are usually located outside or far from cities' centres. Moreover, if we consider the case of historical city centres, they are almost absent. In previous research, we have focused on searching for alternative quiet spaces that inhabitants and tourists could use as a temporary refuge from urban noise and chaos. In these studies, we have shown that thanks to their acoustics peculiarities and several other non-acoustic characteristics, the cloisters and the courts of historic buildings have a high potential to induce restoration. Nevertheless, among the narrow streets of the historic cities centres, the widenings can also provide a small contribution to a temporary restoration of people. This paper investigates the restorative potentiality of these further spaces and compares the outcomes carried out from binaural recordings and in situ interviews with those of cloisters and courts of historic buildings within the ancient city centre of Naples.
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Ghasemi, Kimia, Mostafa Behzadfa, and Mahdi Hamzenejad. "Iranian Bazaars and the Social Sustainability of Modern Commercial Spaces in Iranian Cities." Journal of Construction in Developing Countries 26, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jcdc2021.26.1.1.
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According to some factors such as participation, interactions, identification and security, Iran's traditional bazaars are good examples of social sustainability. In fact, bazaars are not considered as merely an economic environment but also an environment for many social activities due to their status and their location in the important environments and centres of the city, and the significant role and social status of market's businessmen in the city. However, in the modern industrial era and with appearance of new urban elements, it can be observed that many spaces for commuting and many urban traditional environments took important social-cultural functions. Under these circumstances, this research used the descriptive analytical method to focus on evaluating the environments of persistent traditional social business centres in order to achieve persistence in modern social business centres through evaluating and studying the historical background of business centres, urban services and traditional elements that form them.
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de Carvalho, Nayara Louise Alves, Priscilla Cristina Cabral Ribeiro, Carolina García-Martos, Camino González Fernández, and José Geraldo Vidal Vieira. "Urban distribution centres in historical cities from the perspective of residents, retailers and carriers." Research in Transportation Economics 77 (November 2019): 100744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2019.100744.
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Lotfata, Yasin, and Aynaz Lotfata. "Effect of Physical Changes on the Spatial Structure of Historical Area, the Historical District of Urmia City as a Case Study." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 4 (July 29, 2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n4p174.
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Recently, urbanism interventions have caused major changes in the spatial and physical structure of Iran cities. These interventions have changed primary spatial organization pattern and the city′s main structure. In the process of this physical development in many historical cities, it has not been enough attention to the structure and historic core shape of the city and subsequently, problems such as the inability to adapt to the new physical changes, the lack of appropriate linkage with the available network structure and its diminution in the minds of people, have aggravated the historical cores. Recognition of the main cities structure and skeleton based on analysis of all components of cities is difficult and impossible. Space organization theory (space syntax) is one of the methods that has responded to the needs of cities’ spatial analysis.This research, with the aim of investigating the impact of urban development plans on the spatial structure of the historical boundaries of Urmia investigating and analyzing the city structure in four important periods (2016-1996-1974-1930), using space organization method. Results of this study, demonstrated that was decreased functionality and coherence of the historical area and its relation to the totality of city structure affected by physical changes over time. And the inner structure of this area could not be linked to the city's overall structure. Also, a large part of the identity and physical values of texture are demolished by discontinuity of the main elements of the area. The functional importance of historical orders has been weakened and this means that rapid physical changes, had negative effects on the spatial structure of historical area.
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Pellegrini, Paola, and Ezio Micelli. "Paradoxes of the Italian Historic Centres between Underutilisation and Planning Policies for Sustainability." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092614.
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The paper presents the analysis of the statistical data on population and real estate in 20 small-to-medium-sized cities in Northern Italy and shows a high rate of vacancy of housing and significant shrinkage of businesses and institutions in the historic centres, where urban heritage is concentrated. Given these findings, the paper analyses the official city plans of the cities with the worst underutilisation conditions, to understand how the plans have reacted to the decline of the centre. The result shows the extensive planning and regulation activity has very limitedly registered the phenomenon and failed to propose the empty inner cores as resources to reduce land consumption and recycle valuable assets in a circular economic vision. Combining the statistical data and the findings from the city plans, the paper concludes that Italian historic centres are living paradoxes—a collection of beauty, icon of well-being, model of sustainability, but abandoned—and therefore, the dense regulatory mechanisms that were necessary to conserve urban heritage during the decades of economic and demographic growth must be reframed to implement a circular economy and adapt to new requirements for living conditions.
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Wilczyński, Witold, and Piotr Wilczyński. "Population of American Cities: 1950-2009." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 16, no. 16 (January 1, 2011): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-011-0020-y.
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Population of American Cities: 1950-2009Contrary to the industrial epoch, cities have been interpreted in the last fifty years as the places facing the greatest economic and social problems. A contrasting view has emerged only recently that takes cities as sites of economic dynamism and social vitality. The paper offers evidence on population change for 118 greatest cities of the United States of America to assess how their fortunes have changed from the 1950s to 2009. Considerable diversity of experience was revealed and seven categories of cities have been distinguished as far as their population change patterns are concerned. These categories range from the continuous growth from 1950 until today to continuous decline. The most dynamic cities are located in the Sun Belt and they are relatively small and new.On the opposite, the biggest and old industrial centres of the Rust Belt have been losing inhabitants. In general, the pattern of population change shows close relationship with the economic situation and in particular, is connected with the structural changes in society and economy, namely the structural shifts toward more services-oriented economy, and smaller households.Essentially the paper offers the historical outline of the population changes in the biggest American urban centres. It should be seen as an introduction necessary for the more advanced studies concerning the issues of employment, incomes, ethnic composition, and various social problems which could explain the changing fortunes of particular cities.
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Chan, Rachel Suet Kay. "Cities and Culture:." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i1.586.
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Research HighlightsIn the quest to develop cities for the long run, the debate is whether to retain elements of culture or to reinvent such spaces for new uses. Cultural heritage preservation thus becomes an issue in urban planning, particularly in developing countries including Malaysia (Mohd Shakir Tamjes et al, 2017). Scholars mention that Kuala Lumpur needs to create a distinctive city identity and image if it is to achieve its bigger goal of becoming a World-Class City by 2020 (Mohamad Asri Ibrahim et al, 2017). A question raised by researchers is whether the policies to safeguard heritage buildings in Kuala Lumpur is comparable to the practices in UNESCO heritage sites such as Malacca and Georgetown (Mohd Shakir Tamjes et al, 2017). Through participant observation, combining focus group discussions, content analysis, photography, and videography, I outline how the preservation of one particular historical building, a Chinese clan association, increases the cultural value of the city’s surroundings in Kuala Lumpur, as well as being a major tourist attraction. This makes the case for the continued retention of historical buildings and practices, despite overarching social changes such as super-diversity (Vertovec, 2007).
Research Objectives
This paper makes the case for preserving a particular heritage building, namely the Chan See Shu Yuen Clan Association Kuala Lumpur & Selangor (CSSYKL), a clan association, pre-war historical site, and tourist attraction.
Methodology
How does the preservation of CSSYKL increase the cultural value of the city’s surroundings in Kuala Lumpur? This research question is answered through fieldwork by the project leader through participant observation which included photography, videography, content analysis of secondary documents, and focus group discussions with clan leaders and members. Photographic evidence is provided to argue for the case of enriching place attachment through the retention of meaning for inhabitants of Kuala Lumpur, due to the special nature it possesses. For example, Monnet (2014) conducted a photoethnography of urban space in the form of a multimedia essay, referring to the “production of data†rather than the “collection of dataâ€. Monnet (2014) explained that images and sounds allow for attentive observation of the smallest details of daily life, and that the ethnographer experientially chooses to interpret and define what should be recorded in their photography - hence the “production of dataâ€. This renders photographic evidence the best form of data for the case of cultural heritage preservation within the urban. Photographs were also harvested from stills captured in Google Maps under the Street View, where the journey was screen captured using Game DVR, a software which comes enclosed with Microsoft Windows 10.
Results
The photographic evidence shows how the preservation of cultural heritage buildings add character to the presence of Kuala Lumpur Chinatown, or Petaling Street. In the case of CSSYKL, it provides the historical elements as well as familiarity given its longstanding association with Kuala Lumpur’s history, and thus evokes the symbolic aesthetic. It provides symbolic aesthetic meaning to the future of Kuala Lumpur’s development and enriches the local cultural expression in league with the Malaysian National Cultural Policy. Ultimately, it guarantees that no matter how developed or industrialised Kuala Lumpur is, what with the move into the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Internet of Things, there will still be cultural meaning and place attachment resonant within the heart and soul of Kuala Lumpur. Even in the face of super-diversity, the clan association building will still reinvent itself as a place of attachment not only to those of Chinese descent but to all who are interested to appreciate its value.
Findings
Chan See Shu Yuen Clan Association Kuala Lumpur & Selangor (CSSYKL) is one example of a historical building which functioned not only in the past as a community centre for the Chinese who migrated to Malaya in search of economic opportunity, but still retains its functions today as a gateway to maintaining links with Mainland China, especially in the economic dimension. Simultaneously, the heritage building also attracts tourists from all around the world, including those from China and local tourists themselves.
Acknowledgement
This research work is supported by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia under Grant Number FRGS/1/2018/WAB12/UKM/02/1 (Superdiversity Networks: Cantonese Clan Associations in Malaysia as Transnational Social Support System).
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Waitt, Gordon, and Chris Gibson. "Creative Small Cities: Rethinking the Creative Economy in Place." Urban Studies 46, no. 5-6 (May 2009): 1223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098009103862.
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Whether advocating creativity as a means to place competition or critiquing the social dislocations that stem from creativity-led urban regeneration, research about the creative economy has tended to assume that large cities are the cores of creativity. That many workers in `creative' industries choose to live and work in small urban centres is often overlooked. In this context, this article aims to recover within debates the importance of size, geographical position and class legacies in theories of creativity, economic development and urban regeneration. Using empirical materials from a case study of one Australian city—Wollongong, in New South Wales—it is argued that what might at first appear a rather parochial example illustrates the importance of rethinking the creative economy in place. Crucially, it is shown that, regardless of the numerical population size of a city, creativity is embedded in various complex, competing and intersecting place narratives fashioned by discourses of size, proximity and inherited class legacies. Only when the creative economy is conceptualised qualitatively in place is it possible to reveal how urban regeneration can operate in uncertain and sometimes surprising ways, simultaneously to estrange and involve civic leaders and residents.
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Płonka, Aleksandra, Tomasz Wojewodzic, Wojciech Sroka, and Jarosław Mikołajczyk. "LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN METROPOLITAN AREAS – CHANGES IN SCALE AND STRUCTURE." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7907.
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The main aim of the studies was to identify and assess the changes in the organisation and scale of livestock production of farms operating within varying distance from the cores of metropolitan areas (MA). The studies covered production units specializing in animal production and mixed farms that participated in the FADN system over an uninterrupted period between 2004 and 2016. The results show that, in the study group of commercial farms operating in areas bordering MA cores, there is a clear reduction of both the numbers of herds and the scale of livestock production. The group of farms located outside metropolitan areas was characterised by a relatively high share of permanent crops and high density of pigs. The intensity of agricultural production organisation increased as the distance from the cores of metropolitan areas grew. It confirms the concept of reversed Thȕnen rings formulated by Sinclair and known in the theory of economics, according to which production results and productivity per unit area increases with the distance from city centres. The conducted analyses confirm the general trend of withdrawal of farmers operating near cities from animal production and a clear extensification of farm organization.
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KHALIN, Vladimir, and Natalie KIELY. "Degradation or regeneration? Prospects for developing the port-city interface in Odesa." Urbani izziv 1, no. 30 (June 20, 2019): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-01-005.
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Seeking an optimum sustainable development strategy is a core objective of municipalities and innovative urban planners around the world. Various viewpoints and interests regarding the interface between ports and cities and the resulting extensive waterfront regeneration in principal seaports render spatial planning projects of this type complex to complete and obtain agreement on. For a modern city, port development is a principal source of influences and benefits related to ecology, society, and transportation. Currently, the world’s largest seaports are moving cargo terminals out of historical city centres. As a result, ports are assuming more advanced functions unrelated to the maritime industry, and thus projects that equitably share port territories will naturally gain momentum. The most significant projects for moving cargo ports out of historical town centres and regenerating port areas are found in European cities. To understand the various approaches, examples from European regeneration projects for port territories in Bilbao, Barcelona, and Oslo are presented, and their experience with various geographical and town-planning conditions is highlighted. This study is devoted to the Ukrainian port city of Odesa. It identifies the most successful strategy for developing the port-city interface under current economic and geopolitical conditions. It combines the ideas and studies of city planners in management, economics, and transport geography along with various policies and sociology aspects to provide new information and understanding aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of coastal cities in developing countries.
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Alsuleyman, M. I. "SPATIAL REPRESENTATION OF DESTROYED CITIES OF SYRIA." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences 29, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2019-29-4-497-503.
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An objective comprehensive assessment of the extent of destruction in post-conflict regions is a topical theme of scientific and applied importance. In March 2019, an atlas of 15 destroyed cities in Syria was developed and published under the aegis of the United Nations (based on satellite images). Maps of the atlas make it possible to assess the destruction of the spatial structure of cities. Catastrophic spatial destruction is the loss of 75-100% of the center's buildings, most geographic sectors of the city and its suburban area. In the process of analysis 8 (out of 15) cities under analysis are included into this category. Most of these cities are centres of the destroyed historical axes of settlement in Syria. The main element of scientific novelty of the study is the typology of spatial destruction of cities and their suburbs. In this work the transition from the typology of destroyed cities to the modeling of options for their primary (early) reconstruction has been made.
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Jerkovic, Senta. "Development of European urban tourist systems." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 89, no. 1 (2009): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0901021j.
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Relationship between urban development and tourism is a significant process in Europe today. Development of tourism has caused many organizational changes in urban environment. In the middle of the 20th century cultural and historical heritage in the cities was impetus of development of tourism in European cities. Nowadays, in many European cities tourism is recognized as a mean of further economic development. Strategy of polycentricity, outlined in European spatial development perspective is supporting that process, too. Many tourist centres and metropolitan tourist areas have been developed. In the period from 1996. to 2007. number of visitors in European cultural capitals was growing continuously by rate of 25,6%. In the same period, the number of international tourist arrivals increased by rate of only 7%.
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Jovanović, D., and D. Oreni. "THE METHODOLOGY TO SYSTEMATISE, PRESENT AND USE HISTORICAL CARTOGRAPHY: POTENTIALS AND LIMITS TO ANALYSE AND ENHANCE WIDESPREAD HISTORICAL CENTRES IN NORTHERN ITALY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-339-2021.
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Abstract. Researchers from diverse fields of study are developing methodologies for understanding historical cartography. Nonetheless, there is a lack of literature that explains the connection between the survey and the interactive use of historical cartography in preservation projects and urban planning. This study demonstrates the methods for the investigation of historical cartography to produce knowledge about the heritage of small widespread historical centres in northern Italy, which had a rich history, and for which many thematic maps were produced through time. The complexity of the area gives a fertile ground to collect, systematise and investigate historical sources. The methodology is developed to be flexible and adaptable to various widespread historical centres in the territory and it is divided into two parts: deconstructive and constructive approach. Whereas the former deals with the analysis of urban aspects on historical maps, the latter searches for the historical elements present nowadays. Combining those two methods in the Geographic Information Systems will produce a timeline and historical stratification of the transformation of cities. Once georeferenced and vectorised, historical maps are enriched with the information from written registers and other historical documents, as well as contemporary ones. The study aims to scrutinize and produce various categories of maps, to draw conclusions about the limits of the use of historical cartography and software used, and finally, to suggest how and where the future work could lead to the overall enhancement of heritage.
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Milwright, Marcus. "Central and Southern Jordan in the Ayyubid Period: Historical and Archaeological Perspectives." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 16, no. 1 (March 15, 2006): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186305005626.
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AbstractFor most of the Islamic period central and southern Jordan has existed on the periphery of larger states. During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries the political and economic life of the Muslim and Frankish polities of Bilad al-Sham (Greater Syria) was dominated by cities like Damascus, Aleppo, Jerusalem and Acre. These urban centres contained the greatest concentrations of the military and civilian elite, and provided the largest markets for locally produced and imported commodities. Intellectual activity also prospered in such urban environments and, with few exceptions, it was the occupants of the cities of Bilad al-Sham who composed the histories of the Crusader states and the Ayyubid confederacy. These chronicles tend to reflect the interests of the ruling elites and generally pay rather less attention to rural areas. The lands between the Wadi Zarqa' and the Red Sea – populated as they were by villages and small market towns – excited little interest among historians, and only Karak and Shawbak merit relatively regular mentions in the chronicles of the period.
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Ebrahimi, Ahad Nejad. "EFFECTIVE URBAN VALUES ON CONSERVATION OF HISTORICAL CONTEXTS: The Case of Isfahan - Iran." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 9, no. 1 (March 11, 2015): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v9i1.297.
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Industrial revolution in the late nineteenth century in Western societies was a new emerging phenomenon promising a better life for the future of humanity. However, its development and growth exposed human values to fundamental changes. The challenge shaped between the development and growth of the industry and human values spread quickly to other sections. Artificial environment were one of these sections. Before the emergence of the industrial revolution the development and growth of cities were through a ritual process and there wasn’t any challenge between the development process and values. Urban values can be categorized on three parts issues of cultural-historical values, issues of skeletal-physical values, issues of environmental perceptions values. The aim of this research is to study the challenges between the development and conservation of the urban values, raising the question that ‘what has been the position of urban values in the development of the cities of Iran?’ In spite of the fact that the historical cores of the cities are valuable, there has been no attention to the present values in the process of the urban contemporary development. The present research is of the fundamental-development research type using the interpretive-historical method by data-gathering and qualitative analyses. The research revealed that the development process was based on the identity and cultural values in the cities of Iran before the advent of modernity and since the city met the existing needs, a desired coordination was shaped between urban values and development; however, the arrival of new urban elements supported legally by the government led to ignorance of many urban values in the contemporary development.
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Rogerson, Christian M. "Business tourism under apartheid: The historical development of South Africa’s conference industry." Urbani izziv Supplement, no. 30 (February 17, 2019): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-supplement-006.
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Conference tourism as part of MICE tourism has attracted a growing international literature. It is argued existing scholarship is overwhelmingly ‘present-minded’ and that historical issues relating to the conference industry often are overlooked. Using historical documentary sources and industry press, this paper examines the evolution of conference tourism in South Africa from the early 1960s to the period of the country’s democratic transition in 1994. Under apartheid, conference tourism was primarily a domestic affair, lacked professionalism and quality infrastructure in terms of dedicated proposed built conference venues. By 1994 whilst the country’s conference industry did not have any global standard facilities, the planning for such convention centres was in process in the country’s three major cities.
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Nahed Aldohdar, Hammouda. "THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION PROCESSES ON THE CHANGE OF THE REGULATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE HISTORICAL QUARTERS OF GAZA (PALESTINE)." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 80 (September 3, 2020): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-80-9-18.
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Abstract. Urbanization processes of the historic urban environment, characteristic of the development of historic cities in the twentieth century, are associated with the redistribution of urban resources, which in most cases have a negative impact on the state and conditions of preservation of the historic environment of old urban centres. The article analyses the impact of urbanization processes on the state of monuments of architectural and archaeological heritage and traditional construction of the old city quarters of Gaza in Palestine. The architectural and archaeological heritage of Palestinian cities is characterized by a diversity of cultures that throughout history have been subject to destruction and transformation caused by the effects of war, changes in political regimes, from Canaanite civilization to the present.
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Zhuk, Yuriy. "Physical-geographical conditions of the creating and developing of the small cities of Lviv region." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 49 (December 30, 2015): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2015.49.8609.
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Small cities serve important functions in the territorial and economic system of the country. They are essential elements of the settlement network, which involved in industrial production, agricultural service of the surrounding areas, perform the transport functions. They are cultural, recreational and scientific centres. Significant impact on the functioning of small cities is connected with natural factors – the relief, climate, forests, land and mineral resources. Combined with the historical development, they played a crucial role in the formation of settlement network. Influence of terrain, including its plainness, the proximity of groundwater affects the location of settlements in high, watershed areas, the size of settlements, settlement features. The impact of physical-geographical conditions of Lviv region on creation and development of small cities are described in the article. The classification of small cities of Lviv region by the physicalgeographical regions was done. The physical-geographical regions of Lviv region and their suitability for the creating of the cities in the past are analysed. Keywords: a small city, physical-geographical conditions, the natural potential of the area.
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Farhan, Sabeeh Lafta, Mohamed Gamal Abdelmonem, and Zuhair A. Nasar. "THE URBAN TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL CITY CENTRES: HOLY KARBALA AS A CASE STUDY." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 12, no. 3 (November 4, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i3.1625.
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Karbala is one of the metropolitan cities in Iraq, its historic and religious centre has a long history, yet many of its buildings are under threat because of unclear conservation management due to urban transformation. The history of religious rituals and processions reflects an array of values, concepts and planning philosophy that has used the power of religion and holiness of the city as a source of homogeneity and integration. By looking at the mass-pilgrimage spatial practices to the Holy Shrines in Karbala city centre and the adaptation by its residents of their domestic neighbourhoods, this paper analyses the spatial conditions of the city and offers insights into a set of factors that have shaped its historical evolution and urban spaces. The paper is in three parts; first, it discusses the causes of the urban transformation in this holy city. Secondly, it documents a set of everyday practices and problems in Karbala city, focusing on the urban level (the traditional fabric), following the analytical method of the historic evolution of Karbala as a religious centre as well as the incompatibility of the modern development with the centre’s historical heritage. Thirdly, it analyses the transformation of the urban structure by discussing the characteristics of the historical centre and the role of legislation in urban transformation of traditional city centres.
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Cuca, Branka, and Athos Agapiou. "Contribution of Earth Observation and Geospatial Information for Urban Planning of Historic Cities’ Centres: The Case Study of Nicosia, Cyprus." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 7023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137023.
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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations state that cities and human settlements need to be more inclusive, safe and resilient. In Europe cities have experienced dramatic physical, social and economic changes during the last decades while historic centres of European cities, among the most important assets of the European cultural heritage, are living paradoxes. They are defined as “a collection of beauty, icon of well-being, model of sustainability, but abandoned”. This study investigates the changes in the urban landscape of Nicosia, a particular historical centre in the Mediterranean region (Cyprus). The city centre is characterised by exceptionally well-preserved Venetian fortifications. Due to political circumstances, the capital of Cyprus, Nicosia, is still divided and has been ruled by two different administrations for several decades. This study used optical multi-spectral satellite datasets processing, like the Landsat and the most recent Sentinel-2 products, to detect, identify and characterise significant morphological transformations within the walled city and around it. This paper’s central thesis promotes a more systematic use of earth observation products and derivatives in decision-making processes that regard planning, use and management of urban resources in Europe, especially in support of urban planning strategies of historic cities.
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Newman AO, Peter. "COVID, CITIES and CLIMATE: Historical Precedents and Potential Transitions for the New Economy." Urban Science 4, no. 3 (July 13, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4030032.
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The 2020 collapse of the global economy due to the Covid-19 pandemic has enabled us to think about long term trends and what the future could hold for our cities and regions, especially due to the climate agenda. The paper sets out the historical precedents for economic transitions after collapses that unleash new technologically based innovation waves. These are shown to be associated with different energy and infrastructure priorities and their transport and resulting urban forms. The new technologies in the past were emerging but mainstreamed as the new economy was built on new investments. The paper suggests that the new economy, for the next 30 years, is likely to be driven by the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agendas (summarised as zero carbon–zero poverty) and will have a strong base in a cluster of innovative technologies: renewable energy, electromobility, smart cities, hydrogen-based industry, circular economy technologies, and biophilic urbanism. The first three are well underway, and the other three will need interventions if not cultural changes and may miss being mainstreamed in this recovery but could still play a minor role in the new economy. The resulting urban transformations are likely to build on Covid-19 through “global localism” and could lead to five new features: (1) relocalised centres with distributed infrastructure, (2) tailored innovations in each urban fabric, (3) less car dependence, (4) symbiotic partnerships for funding, and (5) rewritten manuals for urban professionals. This period needs human creativity to play a role in revitalising the human dimension of cities. The next wave following this may be more about regenerative development.
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Fiuk, Piotr. "INTEGRATION OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE WITH NATURAL AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT (WATER RESERVOIRS IN HARBOUR COMPLEXES: HAFEN CITY HAMBURG AND ŁASZTOWNIA IN SZCZECIN)." Space&FORM 45 (March 30, 2021): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2021.45.c-03.
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The unique location in post-industrial areas neighbouring with the centres of modern cities, bordering with natural landscape areas and having the access to water reservoirs constitutes an extensive scale of infrastructural and investment requirements; it opens up the perspectives for shaping unique spatial structures adjusted to the existing conditions. The natural context, historical and contemporary harbour and shipyard buildings and landscape values of the waterside areas – these all comprise the exclusive conditions that in the contemporary development and management of substantial harbour and shipyard areas influence the functional, urban and architectural solutions.
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Eren, İmre. "What is the threshold in urban regeneration projects in the context of urban identity? The case of Turkey." Spatium, no. 31 (2014): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1431014e.
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Cities are trying to adapt to the rapidly changing global trends by regenerating themselves. Approaches and practices of this regeneration are different in several countries. In big Turkish cities, particularly in the past decade, urban regeneration practices, processes and consequences have sparked several debates. The ?new? gained or converted spaces in the city are also significant in terms of their impacts on urban identity. In this context, this study aims to identify the impacts of urban regeneration, which occurred in historical city centres, on urban identity in the case of Turkey. The study determines general framework of urban regeneration and then defines a conceptual framework of urban identity. It focuses on urban regeneration projects in the case of Turkey. Then, the topic is explored through two case studies which are selected from Turkey, Istanbul and Bursa. The findings of the study indicate that there are several problematic aspects of urban regeneration. The findings also show that urban identity was ignored in urban regeneration projects, which caused significant breaks in the context of physical, cultural, historical and semantic continuity.
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Abdelmonem, M. Gamal. "The Abject Dream of Neo-Capital: Capitalist Urbanism, Architecture and Endangered Live-Ability of the Middle East’s Modern Cities." Open House International 41, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2016-b0006.
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This paper interrogates the notion of “New Capital” in the context of the hegemony of neoliberal urbanism in the Arabcities in the Middle East from historical, socioeconomic, and spatial perspectives. It reviews the historical narratives of new centres and districts in Cairo, Beirut, and evolving capitalist urbanism and architecture in the Arabian Peninsula in search of the elitist dream of neoliberal urbanism. It offers a comprehensive analysis to the notions of neoliberal ideology and urban policies, neo-Capital city as catalyst for nation-building, and neo-Capitalist architecture as the reproduction of clone structures of western models. The paper focuses its critical analysis on the aspects of liveability in the contemporary Arab City and its socio-spatial structures and everyday urban reality. It reports on urban narratives based on archival records, urban projects, and investigations of governmental accounts to determine aspects of success and failure in projects of new capital cities and districts. It argues that cities are essentially social-spatial systems in which hierarchy is a fundamental element, the lack of which determines abject failure of their anticipated vision.
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Rossi, Claudio. "Conpsumptionscapes: videogame stereotypes and Latin-American cities environments. Case: Uncharted 3: Drake’s Deception / Uncharted 4: The Thief End." Culture & History Digital Journal 9, no. 1 (September 11, 2020): 003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2020.003.
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The consumption landscape refers to the context in which the daily basic needs of a society are determined. The small store in the neighborhood and the street market are architectural structures or urban spaces which shape the lives of cities as we know them today. Shopping centres are the evolution of these building formats and can characterize contemporary life. The exercise proposed by this article is to review the condition of the contexts of consumption in which the narrative of video games are developed through the study and selection of cases (Uncharted 3: Drake’s Deception / Uncharted 4: A Thief’s End). These demonstrate that the urban landscape with which our cities are represented appears as scenarios loaded with stereotypes. The emphasis of this research is on the representation of the historical Latin American city as a spatially modelled and stereotyped territory where the narrative is contextualized. This article does not focus on how the story develops within a commercial space but instead proposes a transversal idea that the consumption contexts are landscapes determined by cultural logics where the plot occurs. Consumption landscapes are the simultaneous spatial, cultural and historical constructions that give meaning to a narrative and represent an augmented reality of our cities: extensive, immersive and suggestive, but also perverse.
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FAVA, NADIA, MANEL GUÀRDIA, and JOSÉ LUIS OYÓN. "Barcelona food retailing and public markets, 1876–1936." Urban History 43, no. 3 (June 5, 2015): 454–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392681500022x.
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ABSTRACTThis article is a contribution to comparative research between specific urban markets trajectories in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and it aims to juxtapose southern European food market experiences, particularly the Barcelona case, with west European ones. Like other big cities in southern and central Europe, Barcelona consolidated a sturdy polycentric system of district markets between 1876 and 1936, just when such markets were beginning to decline in ‘first comers’ cities of Britain and France. In the inter-war period, the market halls of southern European cities played a prominent role in the everyday food trade and as functional and socializing centres in neighbourhoods. They were poles of dense residential and kinship relations for stall vendors, especially women vendors, and foci of a large part of the food retailing business in many neighbourhoods. Barcelona's particular historical circumstances made the public covered market system a fundamental element of neighbourhood commerce and a long-term urban asset.
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Hniloskurenko, Mariia. "INTERACTIVE RECREATION IN CITY HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT." Research and methodological works of the National Academy of Visual Arts and Architecture, no. 28 (December 15, 2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33838/naoma.28.2019.5-10.
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Studies of recreational processes in the city, the specifics of urban life, trends in the recreation areas organization both in domestic practice and in foreign experience are relevant and timely. Sustainable development of the city involves the stable functioning of the city structure to meet the material and spiritual needs of society, provide the rational use of available resources and potential, form the favourable conditions for human existence in the historically established environment of the city. This process is based on the search for optimal solutions of the city development, determination of the directions of urban areas functioning, taking into account the current trends and patterns of the urban structure development and the formation of relevant scenarios and plans on its bases.
The urban area on the whole is an important and limited city resource, therefore the effective use of existing territories is especially important for the sustainable development of the city. The creation of interactive recreation centres within the downtown historical buildings could be the solution to many problems, because interactivity implies diversity, which in terms of city-planning requires making of recreation areas as multifunctional and flexible spaces where the residents could spend their time interesting and useful. The public social space is necessary not only for satisfying the population’s needs, but also for their forming and developing. In the context of present-day segregation of city residents and the absence of permanent information-bearer channels, it is the city-planning streets and square interiors of the city that can become an information and communicative space. The role of public space restoration will provide for the integrity of the city in its city-planning, cultural and social aspects. After all, public spaces are one of the key components of an individual’s comfortable existence and coexistence with the society in general; these are places of collective and individual development and unity of people with the rich historical, architectural and natural heritage of urban substance. A solution of a city historical environment and cultural heritage preservation issue is a significant contribution to the future national development based on the study of the historical achievements of the past, which has no alternatives in creating the attractive interactive recreation areas in the centres of historical cities.
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Majhosev, Darko. "CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CITY TOURISM WITH ACCENT ТО ТHE CITY TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 30, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3001267m.
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With their cultural and historical contents, cities have always attracted tourists, thus contributing to creating a new kind of tourism - city tourism. The potentials of cities have contributed to creating other types of tourism such as fair, cultural, congressional, sports, religious tourism, etc. City breaks have become a contemporary trend and a phenomenon in world tourism, which an increasing number of tourists is becoming more interested in, and these tourists want to spend their short breaks, holidays or weekends in them. Comprehensive and short visits to major cities offer an opportunity to discover their tourist values such as ambience, architecture, culture, art, people, customs, etc. Basically, urban tourism is an activity that takes place in urban areas. City break is the third most important type of tourism in international tourism and the third most important type of vacation and traveling in Europe after ―sun and beach‖ and ―tour‖. In the last three decades, tourism in the world has been witnessing a constant growth of city break. The growth of this type of tourism is associated with the growth of the urban population in the world. City break tourism gives an impetus to the revitalization of urban areas. Historic cores of cities and pedestrian zones are urban spaces that appeal to visitors and are always attractive places visited by most tourists in all seasons. One of the most common activities of city break is seeing the sights of a city, its attractions, museums, galleries and historical landmarks, most often with a special open-type bus with a tour guide.
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Zimna-Kawecka, Karolina, Dominika Kuśnierz-Krupa, and Michał Krupa. "Heritage of (non-)existing cities – on the Polish examples of medieval Świecie and Renaissance Krasiczyn." Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo 9, no. 3 (2021): 65–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2021.9.3.4.
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This article analyses the urban heritage protection and spatial development policies of two model historical urban centres in Poland, whose spatial layout has been erased: medieval Świecie nad Wisłą (the Pomeranian region) and Renaissance Krasiczyn (the Subcarpathian region). Their urban layouts had a significant compositional factor (a town and castle complex in axial plan). The second element important in terms of landscape protection and spatial planning is their history: at the end of the eighteenth century and during the nineteenth century they had to be relocated. The analysis covers the spatial form during the period of their founding, the reasons for transformation, their present-day state of preservation, and the current spatial conservation and development policy. General conservation conclusions have also been formulated.
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Stoian, S. P. "TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE ARCHITECTURE SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE IN THE MODERN CITY SPACE: THE DIALOGUE AND CONFRONTATION COLLISIONS." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 2 (5) (2019): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2019.2(5).18.
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The article analyzes the transformation of the architecture symbolic language in modern cities, which is associated with the practice of actively updating the urban space through the implementation of innovative and sometimes extremely radical architectural projects. An attempt is being made, from standpoint of the time distance to assess the change in views on extremely controversial structures, the construction of which at one time caused great scandals and devastating criticism, but with the change of cultural priorities and values, they became houses of worship and symbols of famous European cities. Over the last century, each and all of the fields of culture have undergone significant changes, including the visual sphere, with such an important component as architecture, which for thousands of years has transmitted non-verbal information about the cultural specificity of the past through thousands of visual symbolic codes. As for now, the viability and allowability issue of radical transformations of urban architec- tural space under the influence of new technologies and innovative trends is extremely acute. The traditions and innovations problem, the need to involve cultural experts in order to preserve the unique historical spaces of world-famous landmarks, requires a great deal of attention from cultural experts, who should carry out a thorough analysis of the problem and formulate practical advice for resolving debates on shaping the architectural space of modern cities. In an effort to distance itself from the extremely radical critical views of contemporary architectural innovations, the focus is on finding sound solutions to the dramatic transformations of historic centers of contemporary cities that must be made with cultural experts and professionals of the relevant field involvement.
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Kabadayi, M. Erdem. "Working for the State in the Urban Economies of Ankara, Bursa, and Salonica: From Empire to Nation State, 1840s–1940s." International Review of Social History 61, S24 (December 2016): 213–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085901600047x.
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AbstractIn most cases, and particularly in the cases of Greece and Turkey, political transformation from multinational empire to nation state has been experienced to a great extent in urban centres. In Ankara, Bursa, and Salonica, the cities selected for this article, the consequences of state-making were drastic for all their inhabitants; Ankara and Bursa had strong Greek communities, while in the 1840s Salonica was the Jewish metropolis of the eastern Mediterranean, with a lively Muslim community. However, by the 1940s, Ankara and Bursa had lost almost all their non-Muslim inhabitants and Salonica had lost almost all its Muslims. This article analyses the occupational structures of those three cities in the mid-nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth, tracing the role of the state as an employer and the effects of radical political change on the city-level historical dynamics of labour relations.
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Rodríguez-Gámez, Liz, and Sandy Dallerba. "Spatial Distribution of Employment in Hermosillo, 1999–2004." Urban Studies 49, no. 16 (June 14, 2012): 3663–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098012448552.
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While the suburbanisation process has been well documented in some large cities of several developed countries, much less attention has been devoted to the case of small and middle-sized cities in developing countries. This article focuses on an exploratory spatial data analysis to investigate the location of the central business district (CBD) and other employment centres in Hermosillo, Mexico. The results reveal the significant presence of spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity, although their extent varies with the sector under study. These spatial effects take the form of a persistent cluster of high values of employment around the historical district of the city shaping a huge CBD, although a sub-centre of high values emerges to the south and to the north-west of the CBD in 2004. Overall, Hermosillo is still characterised by a traditional monocentric model, but the role of its CBD has changed.
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Bói, Loránd. "New challenges the establishment of district governmental offices and the regional public transport organising in Hajdú-Bihar county." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 51 (February 10, 2013): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/51/2068.
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The re-establishment of historical district government offices in the Hungarian public administration system will ensure the availability of the provided public services on an integrated, citizen-friendly level. Reorganising of district borders and changing the district centres as well the settlement new administration services in the central cities will predictable restructure the citizens public transport attitudes. This study deals with the motivation, quantity and direction of the possible modifications on the public transport demand in Hajdú-Bihar County. The study goals to present the possible public transport organising interventions, and to find a balance between the changing demand and the regulation provided public transport instruments.
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Pinheiro, Francisco Vizeu. "Redesigning historic cities facing rapid tourism growth." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 3 (June 12, 2017): 274–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-02-2017-0008.
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Purpose The historical city of Macao has recently become one of the world’s centres for tourism and gaming. But growing traffic congestion in its narrow and old road network, especially in the city’s historic centre, raises concerns about the city’s traffic pollution, environmental impacts and negative effects on residents’ and visitors’ health. The purpose of this study is to address the possibility of mitigating emerging environmental problems with urban design solutions. Design/methodology/approach A review and background of the city’s evolution, from a Mediterranean-style town in the sixteenth century to its present status as one of the highest population density cities in the world, is first undertaken. The paper then critiques the urban layout that conditions current traffic and pollution trends. Findings High levels of pollution of particulate matters are created by a mixture of circumstances related to tall buildings along narrow roads, especially in the historic centre’s San Ma Lou Avenue, that limit ventilation and trap pollution. Green solutions that are known to effectively mitigate this problem, as well as contribute to enhancing the area’s carrying capacity, are discussed. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in its critique of the environmental impact of rapid and overwhelming tourism-oriented development on the quality of the urban environment. It advocates urban design solutions based on experiences from other global tourist cities that, if implemented, will not damage the historic centre’s built environment and will contribute to a more liveable city for residents and better experience for visitors.
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Guimaraes, Leandro Fraga, and Jaciara Martins Fontes Cruz. "DAS CARROÇAS DE CINCO SOUS PARA A COMODIDADE DOS BURGUESES: PARIS, SÃO PAULO E O DESAFIO HISTÓRICO DA MOBILIDADE URBANA." Future Studies Research Journal: Trends and Strategies 5, no. 1 (June 14, 2013): 130–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24023/futurejournal/2175-5825/2013.v5i1.139.
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Both Paris and São Paulo are cities which feature notably distinct occupation histories. As of secondary data and by means of a bibliographical review that sought to collate standpoints of authors engaged in the fields of urban planning and mobility - in addition to urban mobility systems ideation and development historians and scholars – the historical report wherein mobile impairments evolved at each of the mentioned large urban centres, was summarized into a case study, encompassing from emergence to the 20th. Century - a period both cities experienced pivotal transformations - although these took place in substantially diverse manners. To this effect, reasoning was also gathered so as to, in overview, characterize the challenges that urban mobility, for thousands of years, continues to bring about to cohabitation within restricted space, at large cities. Much conversely to being a recent matter of issue, it is a challenge that remains and changes, although some of its core elements have been found to be breathtakingly perseverant throughout history. Conclusion resides in comments relative to a selection of contemporary alternatives that are currently in use at both cities so as to better direct the addressing of the urban mobility issue and also includes a set of alternatives deemed best successful than that known as solutions to this problem which strong holds its very presence at all major cities of the globe.
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Jensen, Ole B. "New ‘Foucauldian Boomerangs’: Drones and Urban Surveillance." Surveillance & Society 14, no. 1 (May 9, 2016): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v14i1.5498.
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This paper uses the metaphor of ‘boomerangs’ articulated by Michel Foucault to discuss the potential for drones to become the ‘next layer’ of urban surveillance in our cities. Like earlier Western technologies and techniques of government that were ‘tested out’ in foreign warzones and then ‘brought back’ to urban centres (the helicopter and its utilization in Vietnam and its return to urban police forces is a clear illustration hereof), contemporary unmanned aerial vehicles hold the potential to act as proverbial ‘Foucauldian boomerangs’ and return from warzones in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan to Western cities. The paper explores how a nexus of Surveillance Studies and mobilities research may be a fruitful way into comprehending this new phenomenon. En route the practical applications of drones as well as the historical importance of aerial power are connected to a situational understanding of mobilities. The paper points at a number of challenges for the future and should be understood as a first tentative attempt to set this on the research agenda.