Relevant bibliographies by topics / Centrines

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Academic literature on the topic 'Centrines'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Centrines"

1

Gavet, Olivier, Chantale Alvarez, Patricia Gaspar, and Michel Bornens. "Centrin4p, a Novel Mammalian Centrin Specifically Expressed in Ciliated Cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, no. 5 (2003): 1818–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-11-0709.

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Centriole assembly plays an important role in centrosome duplication during the cell cycle and is a prerequisite for cilia formation during the differentiation of ciliated cells. In spite of numerous investigations, the molecular machinery that governs centriole/basal body formation remains enigmatic. Recent reports suggest that the ubiquitously expressed mammalian centrins, centrin2p and centrin3p, could be involved in the centriole duplication process. To better understand the specific functions of these proteins, we performed a systematic search for novel mammalian centrins. We isolated a cDNA and the corresponding gene coding for a novel murine centrin, centrin4p, which is more closely related to centrin2p. Like centrin2p, centrin4p accumulates to centrioles and procentrioles when ectopically expressed in HeLa cells. However, centrin4p possesses two splice variants that do not localize to centrioles, suggesting a posttranscriptional regulation mechanism. We also observed that centrin4p does not share the same centriolar targeting properties with centrin2p and 3p, indicating that these proteins could recognize different centriolar partners. Centrin4 mRNA possesses a restricted expression profile and is only detected in brain, kidney, lung, and ovary. In brain, centrin4p is exclusively expressed in ependymal and choroidal ciliated cells where it is localized to basal bodies. Together, our present data suggest that centrin4p could be more specifically involved in basal bodies assembly or in a subsequent step of ciliogenesis.
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Thissen, Marie-Christin, Josef Krieglstein, Uwe Wolfrum, and Susanne Klumpp. "Dephosphorylation of Centrins by Protein Phosphatase 2C and." Research Letters in Biochemistry 2009 (2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/685342.

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In the present study, we identified protein phosphatases dephosphorylating centrins previously phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2. The following phosphatases known to be present in the retina were tested: PP1, PP2A, PP2B, PP2C, PP5, and alkaline phosphatase. PP2C and were capable of dephosphorylating P--centrin1 most efficiently. PP2C was inactive and the other retinal phosphatases also had much less or no effect. Similar results were observed for centrins 2 and 4. Centrin3 was not a substrate for CK2. The results suggest PP2C and to play a significant role in regulating the phosphorylation status of centrins in vivo.
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Vaškelaitis, Vytautas. "Nepriklausomas centrinis bankas." Teisė 72 (January 1, 2009): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2009.0.275.

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Straipsnyje analizuojama centrinio banko nepriklausomumo problema istoriniu, teoriniu ir taikomuoju požiūriais. Iškeliami nepriklausomumo argumentai, atskleidžiama jo esmė, apibrėžiamos nepriklauso­mumo ribos, aptariamas veiklos skaidrumas. Prieinama prie išvados, kad centrinis bankas turėtų būti nepriklausomas nuo vyriausybės, kartu jo veiklą derinant su įstatymų leidžiamuoju ir vykdomuoju vals­tybės institutais. Tyrimo kontekste nagrinėjami pokyčiai, susiję su Europos ekonominės ir pinigų sąjun­gos susikūrimu, nepriklausomumo dimensija Europos centrinių bankų sistemos formate. Nustatoma, kad šiomis sąlygomis kai kuriose srityse nacionaliniai centriniai bankai turi savarankiškumą, kitose – Eu­ropos centrinis bankas naudojasi nacionalinių centrinių bankų paslaugomis, be to, Europos centrinis bankas veikia visiškai savarankiškai. The article analyzes the problem of central bank independence a historical, theoretical, and practice terms. The independence of the arguments raised, disclosed in its essence, defines the limits of inde­pendence, the transparency of the operation in question. Accessible to the conclusion that the central bank should be independent from the government, while its activity in combination with the legislative and executive state institutions. The study examined the context of changes in European economic and monetary union within the independence dimension of the European System of Central Banks in format. Determined that under these conditions in some areas of the national central banks have independence, the other – the European Central Bank uses the services of national central banks, in addition to an­other – the European Central Bank is fully independent.
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Aleknavičius, Pranas, Marius Aleknavičius, and Sigita Akelaitytė. "LIETUVOS KAIMO GYVENAMŲJŲ VIETOVIŲ POKYČIŲ TYRIMAI." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 38, no. 2 (2014): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2014.924284.

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Straipsnyje pateikiama gyventojų surašymo statistinių duomenų analizė pagal savivaldybes ir kaimo gyvenamąsias vietoves, taip pat savivaldybių teritorijų bendrųjų planų analizė. Nustatyta žemės ūkio dirbančiųjų ir gyvulius laikančių šeimų skaičiaus mažėjimo įtaka kaimo gyventojų ir žemės ūkio veiklos subjektų ūkių išsidėstymo tankumui. Analizuojamos stambiosios kaimo gyvenvietės sugrupuotos pagal jų dislokaciją į priemiestines bei atskirai išsidėsčiusias gyvenvietes, tarp jų miestelius ir buvusias žemės ūkio įmonių centrines gyvenvietes, nustatyta jų pokyčių dinamika. Išnagrinėtos galimybės reguliuoti kaimo gyvenamųjų vietovių plėtrą rengiant savivaldybių teritorijų bendruosius planus – parinkti vystymui perspektyvius lokalinius centrus, reikalingus šeimoms ir ūkiniams subjektams aptarnauti agrarinėse bei kitose aplinkinėse vietovėse. Tai padėtų išsaugoti našias žemės ūkio naudmenas ir intensyvinti tradicinę žemės ūkio veiklą, ypač probleminiuose rajonuose, kuriuose yra sparčiai nykstančių kaimų.
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Sawant, Dwitiya B., Shubhra Majumder, Jennifer L. Perkins, Ching-Hui Yang, Patrick A. Eyers, and Harold A. Fisk. "Centrin 3 is an inhibitor of centrosomal Mps1 and antagonizes centrin 2 function." Molecular Biology of the Cell 26, no. 21 (2015): 3741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e14-07-1248.

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Centrins are a family of small, calcium-binding proteins with diverse cellular functions that play an important role in centrosome biology. We previously identified centrin 2 and centrin 3 (Cetn2 and Cetn3) as substrates of the protein kinase Mps1. However, although Mps1 phosphorylation sites control the function of Cetn2 in centriole assembly and promote centriole overproduction, Cetn2 and Cetn3 are not functionally interchangeable, and we show here that Cetn3 is both a biochemical inhibitor of Mps1 catalytic activity and a biological inhibitor of centrosome duplication. In vitro, Cetn3 inhibits Mps1 autophosphorylation at Thr-676, a known site of T-loop autoactivation, and interferes with Mps1-dependent phosphorylation of Cetn2. The cellular overexpression of Cetn3 attenuates the incorporation of Cetn2 into centrioles and centrosome reduplication, whereas depletion of Cetn3 generates extra centrioles. Finally, overexpression of Cetn3 reduces Mps1 Thr-676 phosphorylation at centrosomes, and mimicking Mps1-dependent phosphorylation of Cetn2 bypasses the inhibitory effect of Cetn3, suggesting that the biological effects of Cetn3 are due to the inhibition of Mps1 function at centrosomes.
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Stemm-Wolf, Alexander J., Garry Morgan, Thomas H. Giddings, et al. "Basal Body Duplication and Maintenance Require One Member of the Tetrahymena thermophila Centrin Gene Family." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 8 (2005): 3606–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-10-0919.

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Centrins, small calcium binding EF-hand proteins, function in the duplication of a variety of microtubule organizing centers. These include centrioles in humans, basal bodies in green algae, and spindle pole bodies in yeast. The ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila contains at least four centrin genes as determined by sequence homology, and these have distinct localization and expression patterns. CEN1's role at the basal body was examined more closely. The Cen1 protein localizes primarily to two locations: one is the site at the base of the basal body where duplication is initiated. The other is the transition zone between the basal body and axoneme. CEN1 is an essential gene, the deletion of which results in the loss of basal bodies, which is likely due to defects in both basal body duplication and basal body maintenance. Analysis of the three other centrins indicates that two of them function at microtubule-rich structures unique to ciliates, whereas the fourth is not expressed under conditions examined in this study, although when artificially expressed it localizes to basal bodies. This study provides evidence that in addition to its previously known function in the duplication of basal bodies, centrin is also important for the integrity of these organelles.
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Vostrugina, Kristina, Daiva Gudavičienė, and Rytis Rimdeika. "Nudegimų gydymas pasireiškus bakteriemijai." Lietuvos chirurgija 3, no. 1 (2005): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2005.1.2328.

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Kristina Vostrugina, Daiva Gudavičienė, Rytis RimdeikaKauno medicinos universiteto klinikųPlastinės chirurgijos ir nudegimų skyrius,Eivenių g. 2, LT-50009 KaunasEl paštas: kristinavostr@mail.lt Tikslas Ištirti 1999–2003 m. Kauno medicinos universiteto klinikų Plastinės chirurgijos ir nudegimų skyriaus ligonių, kuriems patvirtinta bakteriemija, gydymo aspektus. Ligoniai ir metodai Atlikta retrospektyvi 82 nudegusių ligonių, kuriems patvirtinta bakteriemija, ligos istorijų analizė. Vertintas pacientų amžius, nudegimą sukėlę veiksniai, nudegimo plotas, kvėpavimo takų nudegimas. Analizuota, kokiam skaičiui pacientų reikėjo kateterizuoti centrines venas, prireikė dirbtinės plaučių ventiliacijos, enterinio ar parenterinio maitinimo, kokių radosi komplikacijų, kokie mikroorganizmai išaugo žaizdų pasėliuose ir toks jų sutapimas su kraujo pasėlių duomenimis, nagrinėti antibiotikų terapijos aspektai. Rezultatai Pacientų, kuriems patvirtinta bakteriemija, vidutinis amžius buvo 50 metų, standartinis nuokrypis – 16. Vyravo nudegimai liepsna (82%) ir skysčiais (8,5%). Vidutinis nudegusio kūno paviršiaus plotas buvo 29%, standartinis nuokrypis – 19. Centrines venas reikėjo kateterizuoti 78% pacientų. Dirbtinės plaučių ventiliacijos prireikė 13% pacientų. Enterinis maitinimas skirtas 48% pacientų, parenteriniu būdu maitinta 90% ligonių. Pneumonija nustatyta 29% pacientų, kardiovaskulinis nepakankamumas – 15%, dauginis organų funkcijos nepakankamumas – 13%, inkstų funkcijos nepakankamumas – 7% ligonių. Visais atvejais sutapo žaizdos ir kraujo pasėlių duomenys, kai iš kraujo išaugo Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 87% – kai išaugo meticilinui atsparus Staphylococcus aureus ir 74% – kai išaugo meticilinui jautrus S. aureus. Antibiotikais gydyta 80 ligonių, dažniausiai penicilinu, gentamicinu ir vankomicinu. Išvados Bakteriemija dažnai nustatoma didelius plotus nudegusiems ligoniams, kuriems tenka kateterizuoti centrines venas, skirti parenterinį maitinimą. Dažniausiai iš kraujo mėginių išauga tie mikroorganizmai, kurie auga žaizdų pasėliuose. Reikšminiai žodžiai: nudegimai, bakteriemija, antibiotikų terapija Treatment of burned patients with diagnosed bacteremia Kristina Vostrugina, Daiva Gudavičienė, Rytis RimdeikaKaunas University of Medicine Hospital,Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns,Eivenių str. 2, LT-50009 Kaunas, LithuaniaE-mail: kristinavostr@mail.lt Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the aspects of treatment of burned patients with confirmed bacteremia treated at Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns during 1999–2003. Patients and methods A retrospective analysis of case histories of 82 burned patients with confirmed bacteremia was performed. The evaluated factors included the patients’ age, factors that caused the burns, the burned area, and burns of the airways. We also analyzed how many patients required catheterization of the central veins, artificial pulmonary ventilation, enteral or parenteral feeding, and complications, as well as what microorganisms grew in wound crops, how many cases corresponded to the blood crop findings, and the aspects of antibiotic therapy. Results Mean age of patients with confirmed bacteremia was 50 years, standard deviation (SD) – 16. Flame burns (82%) and scalds (8.5%) predominated. Mean burned body surface area was 29%, SD – 19. 78% of patients required catheterization of central veins, and 13% – artificial pulmonary ventilation. 48% of patients were fed enterally, and 90% – parenterally. 29% of patients had pneumonia, 15% – cardiovascular insufficiency, 13% – multiple organ failure, and 7% – renal failure. The coincidence of the findings of wound and blood crops was 100% in cases of Pseudomonas aueruginosa growth, 87% – in cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus growth, and 74% – in cases of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus growth. 80 patients received antibiotics, mostly penicillin, gentamicin, and vancomycin. Conclusions Bacteremia was very common among extensively burned patients requiring catheterization of the central veins and parenteral feeding. In most cases, microorganisms that grew in wound crops also grew in blood samples. Key words: burns, bacteremia, antibiotic therapy
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LeDizet, Michel, James C. Beck, and Walter E. Finkbeiner. "Differential regulation of centrin genes during ciliogenesis in human tracheal epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 275, no. 6 (1998): L1145—L1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1998.275.6.l1145.

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Centrins are small calcium-binding proteins found in a variety of cell types, often in association with microtubule-organizing centers. Here we present results regarding the expression of centrins during the in vitro differentiation of human tracheal epithelial cells. When grown at an air-liquid interface, these cells differentiate into mucus-secreting cells or undergo ciliogenesis. In immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy experiments, an anti-centrin antibody stained exclusively the basal bodies of the ciliated cells. There was no staining over the axonemes or the striated rootlets. Northern blots and RT-PCR analysis of the three known human centrin genes showed that these genes have distinct patterns of expression during the growth and differentiation of human tracheal epithelial cells. Centrin-1 is never transcribed. Centrin-2 mRNA is present at all times, and its concentration increases when ciliogenesis occurs. Centrin-3 mRNA is found at a constant level throughout the entire process. This differential regulation suggests that centrins are not interchangeable but instead have unique functions.
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Li, Sam, Alan M. Sandercock, Paul Conduit, Carol V. Robinson, Roger L. Williams, and John V. Kilmartin. "Structural role of Sfi1p–centrin filaments in budding yeast spindle pole body duplication." Journal of Cell Biology 173, no. 6 (2006): 867–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200603153.

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Centrins are calmodulin-like proteins present in centrosomes and yeast spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and have essential functions in their duplication. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae centrin, Cdc31p, binds Sfi1p on multiple conserved repeats; both proteins localize to the SPB half-bridge, where the new SPB is assembled. The crystal structures of Sfi1p–centrin complexes containing several repeats show Sfi1p as an α helix with centrins wrapped around each repeat and similar centrin–centrin contacts between each repeat. Electron microscopy (EM) shadowing of an Sfi1p–centrin complex with 15 Sfi1 repeats and 15 centrins bound showed filaments 60 nm long, compatible with all the Sfi1 repeats as a continuous α helix. Immuno-EM localization of the Sfi1p N and C termini showed Sfi1p–centrin filaments spanning the length of the half-bridge with the Sfi1p N terminus at the SPB. This suggests a model for SPB duplication where the half-bridge doubles in length by association of the Sfi1p C termini, thereby providing a new Sfi1p N terminus to initiate SPB assembly.
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Vonderfecht, Tyson, Michael W. Cookson, Thomas H. Giddings, Christina Clarissa, and Mark Winey. "The two human centrin homologues have similar but distinct functions at Tetrahymena basal bodies." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 24 (2012): 4766–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-06-0454.

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Centrins are a ubiquitous family of small Ca2+-binding proteins found at basal bodies that are placed into two groups based on sequence similarity to the human centrins 2 and 3. Analyses of basal body composition in different species suggest that they contain a centrin isoform from each group. We used the ciliate protist Tetrahymena thermophila to gain a better understanding of the functions of the two centrin groups and to determine their potential redundancy. We have previously shown that the Tetrahymena centrin 1 (Cen1), a human centrin 2 homologue, is required for proper basal body function. In this paper, we show that the Tetrahymena centrin 2 (Cen2), a human centrin 3 homologue, has functions similar to Cen1 in basal body orientation, maintenance, and separation. The two are, however, not redundant. A further examination of human centrin 3 homologues shows that they function in a manner distinct from human centrin 2 homologues. Our data suggest that basal bodies require a centrin from both groups in order to function correctly.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Centrines"

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Radu, Laura Maria. "Hétérogénéité fonctionnelle des centrines. : Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la centrine de Scherffelia dubia." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066542.

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Les centrines sont des senseurs de calcium de la superfamille à motif EF-hand. Ces protéines sont constituées des deux domaines structuralement indépendants, constitués chacun de deux motifs EF-hand. Elles sont impliquées dans diverses fonctions cellulaires, comme la duplication du centrosome et la réparation de l’ADN. Les centrines ont été décrites pour la première fois dans les algues vertes où elles participent à des structures filamenteuses qui se contractent en réponse à une augmentation de la concentration en Ca2+. En dépit de leur similarité structurale, les centrines ont des propriétés fonctionnelles diverses. Ce travail est centré sur la caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la centrine de l’algue verte Scherffelia dubia (SdCen). Les études biophysiques montrent que SdCen possède trois sites de liaison du Ca2+: deux sites avec une affinité forte (dans le domaine N-terminal) et un troisième site avec une affinité plus faible (dans le domaine C-terminal). SdCen est capable de lier simultanément, mais avec des affinités différentes, deux peptides cible: un par le domaine C-terminal (faible dépendance en Ca2+) et l’autre par le domaine N-terminal (forte dépendance en Ca2+). Si le peptide cible possède le motif W1F5V8F14 comme le peptide skMLCK, la SdCen lie un seule peptide en mobilisant les deux domaines. La structure cristallographique de la protéine totale en complexe avec ce peptide a été résolue. Ce travail montre pour la première fois des propriétés fonctionnelles de centrines qui dépendent d’une manière critique du Ca2+. Notre étude a permis de mettre en évidence une hétérogénéité structurale et fonctionnelle au sein de la famille de centrines.
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MIDDENDORP, SANDRINE. "Caracterisation et analyse fonctionnelle des centrines humaines." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066239.

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Le centrosome est un organite cellulaire dont la fonction est de nucleer les reseaux microtubulaires interphasique et mitotique de la cellule. Present en un seul exemplaire dans une cellule en debut de cycle, le centrosome se duplique pour etre present en deux exemplaires a l'entree en mitose. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons etudie la fonction d'une famille de gene, les centrines, candidates pour reguler la duplication du centrosome des cellules animales. Dans un premier temps, nous avons entrepris des experiences de surexpression des centrines 1 et 2 par transfection transitoire dans des cellules humaines en culture. La tres forte surexpression de l'une ou l'autre de ces centrines ne perturbe ni la duplication du centrosome ni la progression du cycle cellulaire. La transfection de cellules synchrones a differents stades du cycle cellulaire montre que ces deux formes de centrine sont capables de se localiser tres rapidement au centriole et ce, que les cellules soient transfectees en phase g1, g1/s et g2. La localisation de la centrine au centriole ne depend donc pas du cycle de duplication du centrosome. Nous avons par la suite identifie un nouveau gene humain de centrine, la centrine 3. Ce gene presente une plus forte homologie avec la centrine de la levure saccharomyces cervesiae, cdc31, que les deux genes humains precedemment identifies. L'expression de ce nouveau gene dans des levures sauvages induit un blocage des cellules en phase g2 avec un phenotype proche de celui observe dans des mutants cdc31 : les levures sont bloquees avec un centrosome (ou spb) non duplique. La microinjection d'anticorps specifiques de la centrine 3 dans des embryons de xenope au stade deux cellules ralentit la division du blastomere injecte en inhibant la duplication du centrosome. Les resultats que nous avons obtenus indiquent tres clairement que la centrine 3 est impliquee dans la duplication du centrosome. La fonction des centrines 1 et 2 qui, d'apres nos resultats, differe de celle de la centrine 3, reste pour l'instant inconnue.
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Yang, Ao. "Bases structurales des intéractions moléculaires des centrines humaines par RMN." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066225.

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Gogendeau, Delphine. "Etude des centrines et des protéines de type SFI1p dans le réseau infraciliaire de paramécie." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112161.

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Grecu, Dora. "La phosphorylation, par la caséine kinase II, des centrines humaines, régule l'association avec leurs cibles cellulaires." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066440.

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Les centrines sont des calciprotéines caractérisées par quatre motifs « EF-hand » et leur grande conservation chez les eucaryotes. L’interaction des centrines avec plusieurs cibles cellulaires à pour conséquence leur participation, à plusieurs mécanismes cellulaires, comme la cascade de photo transduction dans la rétine, la réparation de l’ADN, la duplication du centrosome et le transport de l’ARNm du noyau vers le cytoplasme. Les partenaires cellulaires des centrines possèdent un ou plusieurs motifs ayant des résidus hydrophobes conservés dans la position 1, 4 et 8, qui lient la calciprotéine. La régulation des fonctions des centrines est réalisée par le calcium, mais également, par la phosphorylation. Le travail de thèse a porté sur la caractérisation du processus de phosphorylation, in vitro, des centrines humaines, par la caséine kinase II, et sur l’étude de l’effet de la phosphorylation sur l’interaction des centrines avec leurs cibles, tout en gardant une attention spécifique au mécanisme d’association des complexes. De plus, une nouvelle cible cellulaire a été analysée dans le cadre de ce projet : la Transducine β, protéine impliquée dans la cascade de photo transduction et caractérisée par un motif de liaison à la centrine situé à son extrémité C-terminale
Centrins are calcium-binding proteins characterized by fours “EF-hand” motifs and by a good conservation among the eukaryotes. The interaction of centrins with several cellular targets has for consequence the association of this protein to various cellular functions, such as involvement in visual phototransduction cascade, DNA repair, centrosome duplication and the export of ARNm from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The cellular binding partners of centrins are characterized by one or several repetitive the sequence of which is composed of hydrophobic residues in the 1, 4 and 8 position, responsible for the binding to centrins. The function of centrins is regulated by the conformational changes induced by calcium, as well as, by phosphorylation. The thesis work focused on the in vitro casein kinase II protein-phosphorylation process concerning the centrins, and on the study of the effect of the phosphorylation on the binding properties of centrins with their cellular targets, keeping a deep attention to the mechanisms of association to form the complexes. Furthermore, a new cellular target was analyzed during this project: β-Transducin, a protein involved in the visual phototransduction cascade, which is characterized by one centrin-binding motif situated to its C-terminal extremity
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LAOUKILI, JAMILA. "Etude de la differenciation mucociliaire des cellules epitheliales respiratoires des mammiferes : modulation par l'interleukine 13 et expression des centrines." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112163.

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L'epithelium des voies respiratoires superieures est la premiere cible des facteurs exogenes aeriens (molecules, particules, agents infectieux). Des lesions qui peuvent affecter l'integrite de cette barriere necessitent le renouvellement rapide des cellules differenciees, ciliees et secretrices. Par ailleurs, ces lesions engendrent un processus inflammatoire du a l'accumulation et l'activation au niveau de la muqueuse respiratoire de cellules inflammatoires. Ces cellules vont liberer plusieurs mediateurs d'inflammation qui sont en partie responsables de l'alteration du tissu epithelial. La comprehension de la regulation de la differenciation mucociliaire en amont (influence de facteurs exterieurs tels que les cytokines) et en aval (marqueurs de differenciation, regulateurs intracellulaires), est de fait un enjeu majeur pour la connaissance du tissu normal et pathologique. Nous avons developpe plusieurs modeles de culture primaire de cellules epitheliales des voies respiratoires superieures chez les mammiferes qui permettent d'induire une differenciation mucociliaire in vitro, et nous avons quantifie ce processus. Dans un modele humain, nous avons caracterise au cours de la ciliogenese une famille de proteines centriolaires, les centrines, appartenant a la super-famille des proteines liant le calcium. L'etude des trois isoformes de centrines montre une augmentation importante de leur expression au cours de la differenciation, et une localisation precoce et restreinte dans les structures precurseurs des centrioles, suggerant un role de ces proteines dans l'assemblage des centrioles. Des donnees immunocytochimiques revelent une distribution differente des trois isoformes au niveau des corps basaux et des axonemes ciliaires des cellules epitheliales ciliees. Leur difference de localisation est correlee avec un role specifique de la centrine 1/2 dans l'activite de battement ciliaire suggerant des fonctions cellulaires differentes des centrines humaines dans les cellules epitheliales respiratoires. Dans la deuxieme partie de ce travail, nous avons analyse l'effet de l'interleukine 13 (il-13) au cours de la differenciation mucociliaire. L'il-13 est une cytokine produite principalement par les lymphocytes t de type th2 qui joue un role cle dans les manifestations allergiques respiratoires telles que l'asthme. Nous avons montre que l'il-13 diminuait la proportion des cellules ciliees, et augmentait de facon importante la proportion des cellules secretrices au cours de la differenciation in vitro. L'il-13 perturbe egalement l'organisation des cellules epitheliales et altere la distribution de marqueurs de polarisation tels que l'ezrine. Une analyse differentielle d'arn messagers montre que l'il-13 modifie l'expression de nombreux genes. En particulier, elle inhibe l'expression de la p73, proteine presentant une forte homologie de sequence avec le produit du gene suppresseur de tumeur p53. Son expression differentielle au cours de la proliferation et la differenciation des cellules epitheliales respiratoires suggere un role potentiel de la p73 dans la differenciation mucociliaire.
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Kateb, Fatiha. "Developement and applications of NMR methodologies to structural and dynamical studies of biological macromolecules in solution." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066033.

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La caractérisation de la structure et de la dynamique de biomolécules par RMN représente un grand enjeu dans l’étude de systèmes biologiques. Le développement de méthodes complémentaires à l’étude classique en RMN, telles que l’étude des fluctuations concertées des déplacements chimiques isotropes nous a permis de caractériser la présence de mouvements lents dans un système biologique pertinent : un complexe de centrine humaine avec un peptide cible. Par ailleurs, les phénomènes d’interférence impliquant un centre paramagnétique constituent, aujourd’hui, un outil puissant pour obtenir de nouvelles contraintes dans le cadre d’études structurales de macromolécules biologiques. Cette approche a été appliquée au même système dans lequel un ion Ca2+ a été remplacé par un ion paramagnetique. Enfin, nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode grâce à laquelle nous avons pu mesurer des vitesses d’échange de protons avec le solvant atteignant les 105 s-1. Nous avons pu ainsi déterminer les vitesses d’échange du proton indole du tryptophane dans ses formes cationique, zwitterionique, et anionique.
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Sawant, Dwitiya B. "The Role of Mps1 and Centrin 3 in Centriole Assembly." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429857356.

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Martinez, Sanz Juan. "Analyse de l'interaction centrine - Sfi1." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066480.

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Sfi1 est une protéine récemment découverte qui est impliquée dans le processus de division cellulaire. Concrètement, son rôle est intimement lié à la duplication des MTOCs (centres organisateurs de microtubules) chez les organismes eucaryotes, un rôle partagé avec la centrine. Les centrines sont des calciprotéines de la superfamille EF-hand très conservées chez les eucaryotes et impliquées dans des fonctions cellulaires diverses, comme la duplication des MTOCs, la réparation de l'ADN et l'exportation nucléaire de l'ARNm. La découverte de l'interaction entre la centrine et Sfi1 nous a conduit à nous intéresser à l'étude structurale et biochimique du complexe Sfi1-centrine. Sfi1 possède plusieurs motifs de liaison aux centrines (chacun d'entre eux pouvant lier une molécule de centrine) tout le long de sa structure. Ces séquences répétées présentent des résidus conservés qui correspondent au motif classique 1-4-8 de liaison aux centrines. Ce travail est centré sur la compréhension de la liaison des molécules de centrine de manière individuelle et collective à la protéine Sfi1. Pour cela, des études structurales par RMN de l'extrémité C-terminale de la centrine 2 humaine (HsCen2) en complexe avec un peptide de 20 résidus, correspondant à la séquence répétée n°17 de Sfi1 humaine (hSfi1), ont été réalisées. Celles-ci ont permis de comprendre les bases structurales de la liaison Sfi1-centrine. En outre, des études biochimiques ont été réalisées concernant le domaine de Sfi1 de levure (ScSfi1) contenant 6 séquences répétées avec la centrine de levure (Cdc31). Ce complexe, ainsi que divers variants de Sfi1 nous ont permis d'explorer les caractéristiques de l'interaction de la centrine avec un enchainement de séquences répétées de Sfi1
Sfi1 is a recently discovered protein that is involved in cell division, with its specific role in the MTOC duplication in eukaryotes, a function also shared by centrins. Centrins are well conserved calciproteins in eukaryotes belonging to the EF-hand superfamily and they are involved in diverse cellular functions, like MTOC duplication, DNA repair and nuclear mRNA transport. The discovery of the interaction between centrins and Sfi1 led us to be interested in the structural and biochemical study of the complex Sfi1-centrin. Sfi1 has several centrin-linking motifs along its structure (each one able to link one centrin molecule). These repeated sequences have well conserved residues corresponding to the classical 1-4-8 centrin-link motif. This work is focussed on the understanding of individual and collective centrin linking to Sfi1. In order to achieve this, we have made NMR structural experiments with the C-terminus of HsCen2 complexed with a 20-residue peptide corresponding to repeat n°17 of hSfi1. These experiments have allowed us to understand the structural basis of the Sfi1-centrin binding. In parallel, biochemical studies have been made with a yeast Sfi1 (ScSfi1) domain that contains 6 repeats in a complex with yeast centrin (Cdc31). This complex, and some Sfi1 mutants made of it, have allowed us to explore the interaction characteristics of the centrin with several Sfi1 repeats
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Bouhlel, Bougdhira Imen. "The centrin-binding protein Sfi1 : functions in fission yeast and human." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS465/document.

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Le centrosome est le centre organisateur des microtubules dans les cellules animales, il nucléé les microtubules interphasiques ainsi que le fuseau mitotique. Les centrosomes sont produits par duplication, mécanisme rigoureusement régulé au cours du cycle cellulaire. En effet, un centrosome comporte deux centrioles qui se dupliquent une fois par cycle cellulaire. Des erreurs de duplication conduisant à plus de deux centrosomes induisent la formation de fuseaux multipolaires et provoquent des défauts de ségrégation des chromosomes. Chez la levure Schizosaccharomyces pombe, un organisme modèle pour l’étude de la division cellulaire, les homologues des centrosomes sont les SPBs (pour Spindle Pole Body). Une structure annexe spécifique liée aux SPBs est appelée demi-pont (quand les SPBs ne sont pas dupliqués) puis pont (quand elle relie les deux SPBs dupliqués). Les deux principaux composants du pont chez la levure S. pombe sont Cdc31 et Sfi1. Sfi1 est une protéine linéaire formée de répétitions en hélice α formant des sites de liaison pour la Centrine/Cdc31. Sfi1 s’assemble en réseau de molécules parallèles interagissant avec le SPB via leur domaine N-terminal. Lors de la première partie de ma thèse, j’ai démontré que Sfi1 est requis pour la duplication et la séparation des deux SPBs. Dans la première partie de ma thèse, je me suis intéressée aux fonctions de Sfi1 chez la levure. Cette étude a permis de démontrer que Sfi1 est un composant du demi-pont et qu’il est essentiel pour la duplication des SPBs et l’assemblage d’un fuseau bipolaire. De plus, nous avons déterminé que le pont est dupliqué en fin de mitose. Enfin, nous avons aussi montré que la déstabilisation du pont menant à sa rupture en mitose, dépend de la phosphorylation de Cdc31 par la kinase mitotique Cdk1. Lors de la seconde partie de ma thèse, je me suis intéressée au complexe Sfi1/Centrine dans les cellules humaines. J’ai confirmé que Sfi1 est localisée aux centrioles. De plus, j’ai montré que la déplétion de Sfi1 dans les cellules RPE1, conduit à une perte de localisation de la Centrine, suggérant soit un défaut de recrutement, soit une déstabilisation. De plus, en absence de Sfi1, les cellules RPE1 ne sont plus capables de former de cil primaire. Ce résultat suggère que Sfi1 et la Centrine sont requis pour la ciliogénèse. Enfin, j’ai aussi démontré que la déplétion deSfi1 induit un arrêt de cycle cellulaire dans les cellules non tumorales RPE1. Dans les cellules cancéreuses, HeLa, le cycle n’est pas arrêté mais j’ai pu observer une prolongation du temps de mitose. En conclusion mes travaux montrent que bien que la fonction de Sfi1/Centrin ne soit pas conservée, le complexe reste essentiel pour l’intégrité structurale et fonctionnelle du centrosome
The centrosome is the main microtubule organizing center. It nucleates and organizes interphase microtubule and contributes to the assembly of the bipolar mitotic spindle. To do so, the centrosome, present in one copy at the beginning of the cell cycle, duplicates to produce a second copy. The duplication process is tightly controlled and regulated since centrosome over-duplication can lead to multipolar mitotic spindles and promote genome instability and tumorigenesis. The duplication of the yeast centrosome, the SPB (Spindle pole body), begins with the duplication of the half bridge. This appendage is composed of Sfi1/Cdc31 complex organized in a parallel array attached to the core SPB. SPB duplication relies on the assembly of a second array of Sfi1/Cdc31, anti-parallel to the first one, creating thereby an assembly site for the new SPB. Therefore Sfi1 is essential for SPB duplication and our work defined the timing of half-bridge duplication and some of the regulatory mechanisms that favor bridge splitting to release duplicated centrosomes and allow spindle assembly at mitotic onset. Sfi1 and Cdc31/Centrins are conserved in human cells where the centrosome is composed of two centrioles surrounded by the pericentriolar material. Centrins are concentrated in the distal end of centrioles. Sfi1 has also been localized to centrioles, but its function remained unknown. Thus, we started investigating Sfi1 function in human cells. We found that Sfi1 depletion leads to a decrease in Centrin recruitment to the centrioles. It also leads to a cell cycle arrest in G1 in RPE1 cells, an event previously observed in presence of defects in centriole biogenesis. In HeLa cells where the cell cycle is not affected, Sfi1 depletion leads to a mitotic delay. Moreover, Sfi1 depletion leads to cilium assembly. To conclude, these results altogether point towards a role of human Sfi1 in centriole biogenesis
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Books on the topic "Centrines"

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Les centristes: De Mirabeau à Bayrou. Fayard, 2011.

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Avlon, John P. Independent nation: How centrists can change American politics. Three Rivers Press, 2004.

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Inc, Apple Computer. Getting started with your Macintosh Centris 610. Apple ComputerInc., 1992.

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Paillé, Dominique. Les habits neufs des faux centristes: Arnaque ou imposture. Cherche midi, 2009.

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Les habits neufs des faux centristes: Arnaque ou imposture. Cherche midi, 2009.

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Bach, Jonathan. Re-Centring the City: Global Mutations of Socialist Modernity. UCL Press, 2020.

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Joanna, Mizielińska, ed. De-centring western sexualities: Central and Eastern European perspectives. Ashgate, 2010.

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Cooke, Miriam. Women write war: The centring of the Beirut decentrists. Centre for Lebanese Studies, 1987.

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Centring the periphery: Chaos, order, and the ethnohistory of Dominica. McGill-Queen's University Press, 1994.

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Centring the periphery: Chaos, order, and the ethnohistory of Dominica. The Press, University of the West Indies, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Centrines"

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Brown, Helen, and Patricia Tiffney. "Centring." In Intermediate Exercises in Word Processing. Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10411-6_5.

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Passemiers, Lazlo. "Centring Africa." In Decolonisation and Regional Geopolitics. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351138161-1.

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Porter, Antonia. "Conclusion: Centring Survivors." In Prosecuting Domestic Abuse in Neoliberal Times. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61369-3_7.

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d’Auria, Viviana. "Re-centring Tema." In Acculturating the Shopping Centre. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315584799-7.

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Wang, Yiman. "Alter-Centring Sinophone Cinema." In Sinophone Cinemas. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137311207_3.

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Brewer, John D., Bernadette C. Hayes, Francis Teeney, Katrin Dudgeon, Natascha Mueller-Hirth, and Shirley Lal Wijesinghe. "Centring Victims in Peacebuilding." In The Sociology of Everyday Life Peacebuilding. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78975-0_2.

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Jakimow, Tanya. "Centring the ‘Self-in-Process’." In Decentring Development. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137466433_2.

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Murambadoro, Ruth. "Centring Justice on Human Relations." In Transitional Justice in Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48092-9_1.

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Christophers, Brett. "Centring Housing in Political Economy." In The Financialization of Housing. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315668666-2.

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Holmes, Catherine. "De-centring 12th-century Constantinople." In Byzantium and the West. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315163390-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Centrines"

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DOBILAITĖ, Eglė, Gytautas IGNATAVIČIUS, and Vaidotas VALSKYS. "VILNIAUS MIESTO CENTRINĖS DALIES DIRVOŽEMIO UŽTERŠTUMO SUNKIAISIAIS METALAIS TYRIMAI." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2018.004.

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Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Vilniaus miesto senamiesčio ir Šnipiškių mikrorajono dalių dirvožemio tarša sunkiaisiais metalais. Tyrimai atlikti rentgeno fluorescenciniu spektrometru Niton XL2. Analizuojami Vilniaus miesto senamiesčio ir Šnipiškių mikrorajono teritorijų dirvožemio kokybiniai parametrai: sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos (Cu, Pb, Zn) erdvinis pasiskirstymas. Gauti rezultatai apdoroti „ArcMap“ programine įranga, kuria naudojantis tiriamojoje teritorijoje atlikta sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijų interpoliacija. Pateikiami ir aptariami tyrimų duomenys, kurie lyginami su aplinkosauginiais normatyvais. Įvertinamos potencialiai pavojingiausios Vilniaus miesto centrinės dalies teritorijos, kuriose nustatytos didžiausios sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos. Atlikus išsamius urbanizuotos teritorijos dirvožemio tyrimus, galima įvertinti antropogeninio poveikio mastą, kuris gali būti kenksmingas žmogaus sveikatai ir visai dirvožemio ekosistemai.
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Bilous, Svitlana, Oksana Chornobrov, Olga Oliinyk, and Anastasia Kosenko. "Microclonal Propagation Of Centries Old Oaks of Holosiev Forest." In International Youth Science Forum “Litteris et Artibus”. Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/lea2018.01.187.

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Krey, Stefan, J. Heinisch, and E. Dumitrescu. "Automatic centring and bonding of lenses." In Optifab 2007. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.719838.

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Medeot, Renzo. "Re-centring Capability Evaluation of Seismic Isolation Systems." In IABSE Symposium, Weimar 2007: Improving Infrastructure Worldwide. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/weimar.2007.0759.

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Naulickaitė, Justina, and Jolanta Solnyškinienė. "TIESIOGINIŲ UŽSIENIO INVESTICIJŲ PLĖTROS SĄLYGOS GLOBALIZACIJOS PROCESŲ KONTEKSTE." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2015.898.

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Straipsnyje kompleksiškai vertinamos tiesioginės užsienio investicijos ir netolygaus tiesioginių užsienio investicijų srautų pritraukimo šalių atžvilgiu problema (tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimą globalizacijos sąlygomis lemiantys veiksniai). Atlikta teorinė studija, skirta tiesioginėms užsienio investicijoms, jų pritraukimo šiuolaikinėje globalizacijos aplinkoje reiškiniui, susisteminti empirinių tyrimų, vertinančių tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimą lemiančius veiksnius, rezultatai. Parengtas tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimą globalizacijos sąlygomis lemiančių veiksnių vertinimo modelis, kurio pagrindu atliktas tyrimas, leidžiantis įvertinti tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimą Centrinės ir Rytų Europos šalyse lemiančių veiksnių reikšmingumą ir poveikio kryptį, atsižvelgiant į šių veiksnių skirtumus tarp šių šalių ir šalių, investicijų šaltinių, taip pat atsižvelgiant į galimą laiko atžvilgiu atsiliekantį šių veiksnių poveikį ir į šalių pritraukiamų tiesioginių užsienio investicijų mastą.
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Wang, Shunye. "Improved K-means clustering algorithm based on the optimized initial centriods." In 2013 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsnt.2013.6967151.

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STREIKUS, Dionizas, and Algirdas JASINSKAS. "DIDŽIOSIOS RŪGTIES (REYNOUTRIA SACHALINENSIS) PANAUDOJIMAS ENERGETIKOJE." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2017.018.

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Didžioji rūgtis (Reynoutria sachalinensis) pasirinkta kaip perspektyvus energinis augalas, nes ji nėra reikli dirvožemiui ir dėl aukšto derlingumo priklauso patiems našiausiems centrinės Europos augalams. Dėl panašių mechaninių ir terminių savybių rūgtys prilyginamos medienos briketams ir granulėms. Jų produktyvumas – 15 t ha–1 sausos masės. Eksperimentiniai tyrimai buvo atlikti Aleksandro Stulginskio universiteto laboratorijose. Rūgčių ir drambliažolių bei sidų biomasė buvo nupjauta, susmulkinta, sumalta ir granuliuota mažos galios granuliatoriumi (200– 350 kg h–1). Buvo nustatyti techniniai biokuro paruošimo ir naudojimo parametrai. Drambliažolė (Miscanthus sinensis) ir sida (Sida hermaphrodita) buvo pasirinkti kaip kontroliniai augalai. Buvo nustatyta augalo pjaustinio ir frakcinė miltų sudėtis, taip pat granulių kokybės rodikliai – drėgnis, tankis, elementinė sudėtis, peleningumas ir šilumingumas. Drėgnis siekė 30,5 %, tankis – 1057,5 kg m–3, peleningumas – 4,3 %, o šilumingumas – 17,7 MJ kg–1.
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Dobrean, Constantin, Marius Biriescu, Laurentiu Padeanu, Traian Jurca, Jurcu Marcel-Romulus, and Ioan Padureanu. "Centring in magnetic field of synchronous generators rotor using virtual instrumentation." In 2016 International Conference on Information and Digital Technologies (IDT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dt.2016.7557151.

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Stratan, Aurel, Adriana Chesoan, and Dan Dubina. "DESIGN CRITERIA AND MODELLING OF RE-CENTRING DUAL ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES." In 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120117.5460.17978.

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Grubert, Bernd, David Kreitschik, Olaf Schnabel, et al. "A precise aperture centring device (ACenD) for autocollimator-based surface measuring profilers." In Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics VIII, edited by Lahsen Assoufid, Haruhiko Ohashi, and Anand Asundi. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2531613.

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Reports on the topic "Centrines"

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Fontana, Roberto, and Shane Greenstein. Centrino and the Restructuring of WI-FI Supply. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27754.

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Carter, Brad, and Debora Harlor. Coalition Operations with the Combined Enterprise Regional Information Exchange System (CENTRIXS). Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada466073.

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Barakat, Sarah, Alexia Pretari, and Jaynie Vonk. Centring Gender and Power in Evaluation and Research: Sharing experiences from Oxfam GB's quantitative impact evaluations. Oxfam GB, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021/7789.

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Bringing a feminist intent to research, monitoring and evaluation practices leads to defining these as tools to contribute to transforming the lives of women, girls and non-binary people, and to bringing about social justice. This has meant putting gender and power at the centre of our practice, which has in turn shaped the technical choices made specifically in quantitative impact evaluations. This paper focuses on describing how these technical choices, as well as ethical considerations, are changed by this feminist intent. The paper also presents the lessons learned and questions raised along the way, which may be useful for MEAL and research practitioners, as well as programme managers. How can we bring intersectionality to the fore? What does it mean to go beyond the gender binary? How can this work be transformative?
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Mowrey, Rick. Final Technical Report for CENTRIA's EnergyPeak Building Integrated Photovoltaics ( BIPV ) for Standing Seam Metal Roofing Project (DE-FG36-08GO88131). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1361041.

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Thompson, Joseph. How WASH Programming has Adapted to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.001.

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Since first appearing at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread at a pace and scale not seen before. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. A rapid response was called for, and actors across the globe worked quickly to develop sets of preventative measures to contain the disease. One mode of transmission identified early on in the crisis was via surfaces and objects (fomites) (Howard et al. 2020). To combat this, hand hygiene was put forward as a key preventative measure and heralded as ‘the first line of defence against the disease’ (World Bank 2020). What followed was an unprecedented global focus on handwashing with soap. Health messages on how germs spread, the critical times at which hands should be washed, and methods for correct handwashing were shared (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020). Political leaders around the world promoted handwashing and urged people to adopt the practice to protect against the coronavirus. The primary and secondary impacts of COVID-19 have affected people and industries in a variety of different ways. For the WASH sector, the centring of handwashing in the pandemic response has led to a sudden spike in hygiene activity. This SLH Rapid Topic Review takes stock of some of the cross-cutting challenges the sector has been facing during this period and explores the adaptations that have been made in response. It then looks forwards, thinking through what lies ahead for the sector, and considers the learning priorities for the next steps.
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