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Journal articles on the topic 'Century farms of Minnesota'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Subramanyam, Bh, and P. K. Harein. "Insects Infesting Barley Stored on Farms in Minnesota." Journal of Economic Entomology 82, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): 1817–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/82.6.1817.

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2

Burton, M. J., N. B. Williamson, W. B. Brown, and L. E. Baumann. "Mastitis control measures used on some Minnesota dairy farms." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 5, no. 3 (February 1988): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5877(88)90007-4.

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3

Kipper, Diéssy, Laura M. Carroll, Andrea K. Mascitti, André F. Streck, André S. K. Fonseca, Nilo Ikuta, and Vagner R. Lunge. "Genomic Characterization of Salmonella Minnesota Clonal Lineages Associated with Poultry Production in Brazil." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 2043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112043.

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Salmonella serotype Minnesota has been increasingly detected in Brazilian poultry farms and food products (chicken meat, eggs) in recent years. In addition, S. Minnesota isolates from poultry are generally resistant to several antibiotics and persistent in farm environments. The present study aimed to assess phylogenomic diversity of S. Minnesota isolates from the poultry production chain in Brazil. In total, 107 worldwide S. Minnesota whole genomes (including 12 from Brazil) were analyzed using a comparative approach. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated two clades more related to poultry production in Brazil: S. Minnesota poultry lineages I and II (SM-PLI and SM-PLII). Phylodynamic analysis demonstrated that SM-PLI had a common ancestor in 1915, while SM–PLII originated circa 1971. SM-PLII encompassed a higher number of isolates and presented a recent increase in effective population size (mainly from 2009 to 2012). Plasmids IncA/C2 and ColRNA, antimicrobial resistance genes (aph(3′)-Ia, blaCMY-2, qnrB19, sul2, and tet(A)) and mainly a virulence genetic cluster (including the yersiniabactin operon) were detected in isolates from SM-PLI and/or SM-PLII. This study demonstrates the dissemination of two distinct S. Minnesota lineages with high resistance to antibiotics and important virulence genetic clusters in Brazilian poultry farms.

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4

Hamilton, Karin E., Jamie Umber, Annalisa Hultberg, Cindy Tong, Michele Schermann, Francisco Diez-Gonzalez, and Jeff B. Bender. "Validation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) on Minnesota Vegetable Farms." Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 12, no. 2 (February 2015): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2014.1817.

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5

O’Hara, J. K., and R. L. Parsons. "The economic value of organic dairy farms in Vermont and Minnesota." Journal of Dairy Science 96, no. 9 (September 2013): 6117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-6662.

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6

Bicudo, José R., Carrie L. Tengman, Larry D. Jacobson, and James E. Sullivan. "ODOR, HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM SWINE FARMS IN MINNESOTA." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 589–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700785303178.

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7

Johnson, Jane M. F., Jeffrey S. Strock, Nancy W. Barbour, Joel E. Tallaksen, and Michael Reese. "Stover Harvest Impacts Soil and Hydrologic Properties on Three Minnesota Farms." Soil Science Society of America Journal 81, no. 4 (July 2017): 932–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2017.01.0007.

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8

Privatsky, S. L., J. E. Earing, J. A. Lamb, C. C. Sheaffer, and K. L. Martinson. "Pasture best management practices on horse farms in Minnesota and Wisconsin." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 33, no. 5 (May 2013): 398–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2013.03.173.

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9

Yung, Mung Ting, RosaI (Chela) Vázquez, Amy Liebman, Auguste Brihn, Anna Olson, Delaney Loken, Ana Contreras-Smith, Jeff Bender, and Jonathan D. Kirsch. "COVID-19 Awareness and Preparedness of Minnesota and Wisconsin Dairy Farms." Journal of Agromedicine 26, no. 3 (July 3, 2021): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1059924x.2021.1927925.

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10

Faith, Rosamond. "Farms and families in ninth-century Provence." Early Medieval Europe 18, no. 2 (April 28, 2010): 175–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0254.2010.00295.x.

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11

MANTHEY, MARIE. "Nursing’s 21st Century Values." Creative Nursing 5, no. 3 (January 1999): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.5.3.5.

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The author delivered this speech to the graduating class of her alma mater, the University of Minnesota School of Nursing, in June, 1999. She received an honorary doctorate degree from the school the same day.

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12

Kincheloe, James M., Amy R. Horn-Delzer, Dennis N. Makau, and Scott J. Wells. "Chronic Wasting Disease Transmission Risk Assessment for Farmed Cervids in Minnesota and Wisconsin." Viruses 13, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081586.

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CWD (chronic wasting disease) has emerged as one of the most important diseases of cervids and continues to adversely affect farmed and wild cervid populations, despite control and preventive measures. This study aims to use the current scientific understanding of CWD transmission and knowledge of farmed cervid operations to conduct a qualitative risk assessment for CWD transmission to cervid farms and, applying this risk assessment, systematically describe the CWD transmission risks experienced by CWD-positive farmed cervid operations in Minnesota and Wisconsin. A systematic review of literature related to CWD transmission informed our criteria to stratify CWD transmission risks to cervid operations into high-risk low uncertainty, moderate-risk high uncertainty, and negligible-risk low uncertainty categories. Case data from 34 CWD-positive farmed cervid operations in Minnesota and Wisconsin from 2002 to January 2019 were categorized by transmission risks exposure and evaluated for trends. The majority of case farms recorded high transmission risks (56%), which were likely sources of CWD, but many (44%) had only moderate or negligible transmission risks, including most of the herds (62%) detected since 2012. The presence of CWD-positive cervid farms with only moderate or low CWD transmission risks necessitates further investigation of these risks to inform effective control measures.

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13

Pecsok, S. R., B. J. Conlin, and G. R. Steuernagel. "Estimating Effects of Herd Characteristics on Milk Production in Minnesota Dairy Farms." Journal of Dairy Science 74, no. 10 (October 1991): 3573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78550-0.

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14

Cho, Seongbeom, Charles P. Fossler, Francisco Diez-Gonzalez, Scott J. Wells, Craig W. Hedberg, John B. Kaneene, Pamela L. Ruegg, Lorin D. Warnick, and Jeffrey B. Bender. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coliIsolated from Organic Dairy Farms, Conventional Dairy Farms, and County Fairs in Minnesota." Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 4, no. 2 (June 2007): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2006.0074.

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15

Beaudry, Mary C. "Trying to Think Progressively About 19th-Century Farms." Northeast Historical Archaeology 31, no. 1 (2001): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22191/neha/vol31/iss1/10.

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16

Stahl, T. J., B. J. Conlin, A. J. Seykora, and G. R. Steuernagel. "Characteristics of Minnesota Dairy Farms that Significantly Increased Milk Production from 1989-1993." Journal of Dairy Science 82, no. 1 (January 1999): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(99)75207-0.

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17

Kienitz, M. A., and B. J. Heins. "1237 Evaluation of the CowVac for controlling flies on Minnesota organic dairy farms." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (October 1, 2016): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-1237.

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18

MUKHERJEE, AVIK, DORINDA SPEH, ELIZABETH DYCK, and FRANCISCO DIEZ-GONZALEZ. "Preharvest Evaluation of Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Organic and Conventional Produce Grown by Minnesota Farmers." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.5.894.

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Microbiological analyses of fresh fruits and vegetables produced by organic and conventional farmers in Minnesota were conducted to determine the coliform count and the prevalence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and E. coli O157:H7. A total of 476 and 129 produce samples were collected from 32 organic and 8 conventional farms, respectively. The samples included tomatoes, leafy greens, lettuce, green peppers, cabbage, cucumbers, broccoli, strawberries, apples, and seven other types of produce. The numbers of fruits and vegetables was influenced by their availability at participating farms and varied from 11 strawberry samples to 108 tomato samples. Among the organic farms, eight were certified by accredited agencies and the rest reported the use of organic practices. All organic farms used aged or composted animal manure as fertilizer. The average coliform counts in both organic and conventional produce were 2.9 log most probable number per g. The percentages of E. coli–positive samples in conventional and organic produce were 1.6 and 9.7%, respectively. However, the E. coli prevalence in certified organic produce was 4.3%, a level not statistically different from that in conventional samples. Organic lettuce had the largest prevalence of E. coli (22.4%) compared with other produce types. Organic samples from farms that used manure or compost aged less than 12 months had a prevalence of E. coli 19 times greater than that of farms that used older materials. Serotype O157:H7 was not detected in any produce samples, but Salmonella was isolated from one organic lettuce and one organic green pepper. These results provide the first microbiological assessment of organic fruits and vegetables at the farm level.

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19

Hultberg, Annalisa, Michele Schermann, and Cindy Tong. "Results from a Mail Survey to Assess Minnesota Vegetable Growers’ Adherence to Good Agricultural Practices." HortTechnology 22, no. 1 (February 2012): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.1.83.

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To learn what areas should be emphasized in future educational good agricultural practices (GAPs) training efforts, a survey on usage of GAPs was mailed to 855 vegetable growers in Minnesota. We received a 32% response rate and a 43% cooperation rate. Over 65% of respondents reported compliance to proper worker hygiene practices, harvest container and tool sanitization and cleaning, water treatment to reduce the potential for microbial contamination, and protection of growing and stored vegetables from contamination. Small acreages and a diverse array of vegetables are typical characteristics of the majority of Minnesota vegetable farms. Seventy-seven percent of respondents farmed 15 acres or less. Most farms grew 10 or more different vegetable crops, and farmers markets, u-pick operations, and roadside stands were the most common marketing outlets. Overall responses to this study indicated that farmers currently believe they adhere to many recommended food safety best practices, but are lagging in key areas such as treating wash and processing water, taking measures to keep animals out of production fields, and cleaning and disinfecting harvesting tools and containers on a scheduled basis.

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20

CHO, SEONGBEOM, JEFFREY B. BENDER, FRANCISCO DIEZ-GONZALEZ, CHARLES P. FOSSLER, CRAIG W. HEDBERG, JOHN B. KANEENE, PAMELA L. RUEGG, LORIN D. WARNICK, and SCOTT J. WELLS. "Prevalence and Characterization of Escherichia coli O157 Isolates from Minnesota Dairy Farms and County Fairs." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.2.252.

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Samples were collected from 26 organic and conventional farms and 12 county fairs in Minnesota during 2001 and 2002 to identify the presence of Escherichia coli O157. Immunomagnetic separation was used for isolation of E. coli O157. Isolates were further characterized by the presence of virulence marker genes (stx1, stx2, eaeA, E-hly, katP, etpD, and espP), antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and genotypes. During 2001, E. coli O157 was isolated from 16 (5.2%) of 305 fecal samples and from 7 (36.8%) of 19 farms. During 2002, E. coli O157 was isolated from 6 (4.5%) of 132 fecal samples from weaned calves at 4 (23.5%) of 17 farms. During 2001 and 2002, cattle manure samples were collected from 12 county fairs, and E. coli O157 was isolated from 19 (11%) of 178 samples and 9 (75%) of 12 county fairs. Among 40 E. coli O157 isolates, 17 isolates (43%) had both the stx1 and stx2 genes, and 21 strains (53%) had the stx2 gene only. Thirteen percent of O157 isolates were resistant to tetracycline, and 25% were resistant to sulfadimethoxine. Heterogeneity of E. coli O157 strains was demonstrated by the presence of 22 different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. Four PFGE patterns matched those of isolates previously found in humans. The presence of E. coli O157 at county fairs suggests the potential for transmission to the public, who may have contact with cattle or their environment.

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21

Paulson, Deborah D. "Minnesota extension agents' knowledge and views of alternative agriculture." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 10, no. 3 (September 1995): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300006287.

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AbstractI interviewed 19 county agricultural extension agents about their views of alternative agriculture as it is being promoted by sustainable agriculture groups in Minnesota. They varied considerably in how much they knew about it, their openness to it, and how heavily they were involved in it County extension agents share broad economic and environmental goals with sustainable farming advocacy groups, but many believe that agriculture is already working to meet those goals and are skeptical of the feasibility of alternative agriculture. Extension agents generally did not accept as realistic a primary social goal of sustainable agriculture advocates: maintaining the number of family farms. If county extension agents and sustainable agriculture groups in Minnesota are to work together for more sustainable agriculture, open discussion is needed on the goals of agriculture and visions for its future.

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22

Lin, Tao, Wei-Ting Liao, Luis F. Rodríguez, Yogendra N. Shastri, Yangfeng Ouyang, M. E. Tumbleson, and K. C. Ting. "Optimization Modeling Analysis for Grain Harvesting Management." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 6 (2019): 1489–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13135.

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HighlightsAn optimization model, called BioGrain, was developed to optimize grain harvesting decisions.The results highlight the tradeoffs between grain losses and drying costs for profit maximization.The optimization model can provide decision support for individual farms in different regions. Abstract. Appropriate farm management practices can improve agricultural productivity and reduce grain losses. An optimization model, called BioGrain, was developed to maximize farmers’ profits by optimizing critical grain harvesting decisions including agricultural machinery selection and harvesting schedules. This model was applied to 18 representative farms of varied sizes in Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota. Our optimization showed that understanding crop moisture dynamics is critical for maximizing profits at the farm scale. Our results highlight the tradeoffs between grain losses and drying costs when considering profit maximization. By optimizing harvesting dates and machinery size, large farms can reduce the grain loss rate to 10%, and small farms can achieve a 5% grain loss rate. Large farms outperformed small farms on unit profits despite their higher grain loss rate. The model considers both revenue and cost related factors in harvesting decisions and quantifies the tradeoffs among corn yield, drying, and equipment selection. The model can be used to provide decision support for individual farms in different regions considering their local crop and market information. Keywords: Grain losses, Harvesting schedule, Machinery selection, Optimization, Profits.

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23

Krausová, Anna. "The First Constitutional Government of the Minnesota Anishinaabeg." Text Matters, no. 8 (October 24, 2018): 244–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/texmat-2018-0015.

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In this paper I trace the development of Native American constitutionalism in the early twentieth century. Specifically, I focus on the first constitutional government of the White Earth Nation, located in northwestern Minnesota, which in the period from 1913 to 1927 was part of a larger confederative arrangement, called the General Council of the Chippewa. The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of this inter-reservation government for the preservation of White Earth Anishinaabe cultural continuity from which revitalization efforts of the late twentieth and early twenty-first century grew. Using archival resources, I pay attention to Anishinaabe governing practices and their ethical dimension that can be understood in the light of Anishinaabe philosophy which was an integral part of everyday life. My findings suggest that the course of institutional development set by the creation of the General Council in 1913 influenced the path of White Earth governance for the rest of the century.

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24

Raizman, E. A., S. J. Wells, S. M. Godden, R. F. Bey, M. J. Oakes, D. C. Bentley, and K. E. Olsen. "The Distribution of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in the Environment Surrounding Minnesota Dairy Farms." Journal of Dairy Science 87, no. 9 (September 2004): 2959–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73427-x.

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25

Axler, R. P., C. Tikkanen, J. Henneck, J. Schuldt, and M. E. McDonald. "Articles: Characteristics of Effluent and Sludge from Two Commercial Rainbow Trout Farms in Minnesota." Progressive Fish-Culturist 59, no. 2 (April 1997): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0161:acoeas>2.3.co;2.

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26

Júnior Lúcio, Caio, Joana Bittencourt Mathias, Claudio Marcos Lauer Júnior, Silvia Jaqueline Viana Soares Flores, and Fernanda Martinez Xavier Alves Teixeira. "OCCURRENCE OF SALMONELLA SPP. IN BROILER CHICKEN FECES IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL." Revista de Patologia Tropical / Journal of Tropical Pathology 48, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rpt.v48i2.59106.

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Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are gram-negative rods, facultative anaerobic non-spore formers, which may or may not be flagellated. These bacteria are frequently detected in poultry products and are important in animal and public health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in feces from broiler chicken litters located in municipalities of the central region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study analyzed 845 feces samples from different poultry farms collected between September 2016 and March 2017. Pre-enrichment broths, specific selective broths and selective indicator agar were used for the analyses. The suspected isolates were submitted to biochemical testing and serotyping with “O” and “H” antisera to identify the Salmonella serotypes. The results showed that 213 feces samples were contaminated with Salmonella, and the serotypes found were: S. Minnesota, S. Sandiego, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Infantis, S. Hadar, S. enterica subsp. enterica (O: 4.5), S. Montevideo, S. Miami, S. Heidelberg, S. Cerro, S. Ndolo, S. Panama, S. Anatum, S. Tennessee, S. Agona, S. Newport and S. Muenster. The Minnesota serotype was predominant among the isolates investigated. Actions to improve the biosafety of commercial poultry farms are necessary to prevent possible contamination of poultry products that endanger human health.

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27

Carstensen, Michelle, and Michael W. DonCarlos. "Preventing the Establishment of a Wildlife Disease Reservoir: A Case Study of Bovine Tuberculosis in Wild Deer in Minnesota, USA." Veterinary Medicine International 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/413240.

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has been found in 12 cattle operations and 27 free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northwestern Minnesota, following the state's most recent outbreak of the disease in 2005 in the northwest part of the state. Both deer and cattle have the same strain of bTB. The Minnesota Board of Animal Health has been leading efforts to eradicate the disease in Minnesota's cattle, which have included the depopulation of all infected herds, a cattle buy-out program, and mandatory fencing of stored feeds. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources began surveillance efforts in free-ranging white-tailed deer in fall 2005. All bTB-infected deer have been found within a 16 km2area in direct association with infected cattle farms. Aggressive efforts to reduce deer densities through liberalized hunting and sharpshooting have resulted in a 55% decline in deer densities. Also, recreational feeding of wild deer has been banned. Disease prevalence in deer has decreased from 1.2% in 2005 to an undetectable level in 2010.

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28

Ripatti, Anna. "Modernizing Architecture and Ornament on Mid-Nineteenth-Century Scandinavian Farms." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 78, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 68–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2019.78.1.68.

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In mid-nineteenth-century Sweden and Finland, numerous publications promoted the modernization of rural architecture. Many featured guidance for peasant farmers, including instructions for crafting wood carvings for the exteriors of farm buildings. In Modernizing Architecture and Ornament on Mid-Nineteenth-Century Scandinavian Farms, Anna Ripatti argues that such wood carvings and the discourse around them played an important and inherently political role in efforts to modernize not only Scandinavian farm architecture but rural Scandinavia writ large. For reformers, this ornament was a means by which to increase agricultural production, provide decent incomes to the growing numbers of landless rural laborers, and develop the image of a prosperous Scandinavia at a time of widespread rural poverty. Offering a new look at the societal meanings of a common decorative element in nineteenth-century Scandinavian architecture, this article contributes to ongoing discussions about ornament in the history of architecture.

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29

Palsson, Craig. "Small Farms, Large Transaction Costs: Haiti’s Missing Sugar." Journal of Economic History 81, no. 2 (April 5, 2021): 513–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050721000139.

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In the eighteenth century, Haiti was the world’s leading sugar producer, but when cane surged in the Caribbean in the early twentieth century, Haiti produced none. Instead, the land sat idle while workers emigrated to work on sugar plantations. I examine the hypothesis that historical property rights institutions created high transaction costs for converting land to cane production. I collect new data on land-use from 1928–1950 and a proxy for transaction costs. The evidence suggests transaction costs impeded the land market from responding to the sugar boom.

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30

Abbott, Kathryn A. "Alcohol and the Anishinaabeg of Minnesota in the Early Twentieth Century." Western Historical Quarterly 30, no. 1 (1999): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971157.

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31

Frasca, Ralph. "The Helderberg Advocate:A Public-Nuisance Prosecution a Century beforeNear v. Minnesota." Journal of Supreme Court History 26, no. 3 (November 2001): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1059-4329.00026.

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32

Paulson, Nicholas D., Allen M. Featherstone, and Joleen C. Hadrich. "Distribution of Market Facilitation Program Payments and their Financial Impact for Illinois, Kansas, and Minnesota Farms." Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 42, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13055.

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33

Feenstra, Gail, Shermain Hardesty, Larry Lev, Laurie Houston, Robert King, and Jan Joannides. "Beyond fresh and direct: exploring the specialty food industry as a market outlet for small- and medium-sized farms." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 34, no. 03 (January 23, 2018): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170517000722.

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AbstractAs small- and medium-sized farms struggle to remain viable in a competitive global economy, the expanding specialty food industry provides a potential marketing opportunity. These farms raise many of the farm products that can become the key ingredients in value-added foods. Little research exists about processed specialty foods made from locally/regionally sourced ingredients produced by small- and medium-sized farms. This study investigates the benefits, barriers and challenges for small- and medium-sized farmers who want to sell products to specialty food manufacturers (SFMs). This paper analyzes 240 survey responses from dairy, meat, fruit/vegetable/nuts and grain specialty manufacturers and 60 in-depth interviews of these manufacturers and farmers in California, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Washington and Oregon. We found that almost half of the manufacturers surveyed source primary ingredients directly from farms or from their own farm. More than half of the farms that supply these key ingredients are small or medium-sized, indicating that many farms in this category are already successfully supplying SFMs with key ingredients. The key benefits manufacturers receive from working with these farms included quality assurance, trust, and traceability. Key obstacles to such farmer/manufacturer transactions are: cost, inability to meet volume requirements, unreliable supply and lack of year-round supply. The nature of relationships between manufacturers and farmers emerged as a theme that influences the success of small- and medium-sized farms as ingredient suppliers. Whether they were large or small, most manufacturers purchased their key ingredients from multiple suppliers in order to reduce their risk. Overall, we find evidence that the specialty food industry is an emerging market channel for small- and medium-sized farms. We also find that to be successful suppliers of SFMs, farmers need to have processes in place to ensure the quality of their products; provide the specific attributes the manufacturer requires for its ingredients and be willing to communicate frequently with the manufacturer.

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34

Bremer, Jeff. "Sod Busting: How Families Made Farms on the 19th-Century Plains." Annals of Iowa 74, no. 2 (April 2015): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.12198.

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35

Tatarnikova, A. I. "TOMSK BATH FARMS ROBLEMS IN THE EARLY XX CENTURY: HYGIENIC ASPECT." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 5 (2017): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2017-5-42-48.

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36

Duran, Nancy. "All Farms had Gardens in the 20th Century, or Did They?" Journal for the Study of Food and Society 6, no. 2 (September 2003): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/152897903786769643.

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37

Johnson, Paula J., Thomas Vennum Jr., and Philip Nusbaum. "Ojibway Music from Minnesota: A Century of Song for Voice and Drum." American Music 10, no. 1 (1992): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3052150.

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38

Ramstack, Joy M., Sherilyn C. Fritz, and Daniel R. Engstrom. "Twentieth century water quality trends in Minnesota lakes compared with presettlement variability." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-015.

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A diatom-based transfer function was used to reconstruct water chemistry before European settlement in 55 Minnesota lakes. The lakes span three natural ecoregions, which differ in their history of land use, as well as in surficial geology, climate, and vegetation. Postsettlement trends were compared with water chemistry change reconstructed from two presettlement core sections (circa 1750 and 1800) as a measure of natural variability. Presettlement water quality changes were generally small and nondirectional in all three ecoregions. In contrast, half of the urban lakes showed a statistically significant increase in chloride, whereas 30% of urban and 30% of agricultural region lakes record a statistically significant increase in total phosphorus between 1800 and the present. These changes, which are attributed to road salt and nutrient runoff, are strongly correlated with the percentage of watershed area that is developed (residential or urban) in the case of chloride increases and the percentage of developed (metropolitan areas) or agricultural (agricultural areas) land in the case of nutrient increases. Water quality has changed little since 1800 for lakes in the forested regions of northeastern Minnesota. The few changes that are seen in this region are likely related to natural variations in climate or catchment soils.

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Alkon, Paul. "Presidential Address: Did Minnesota Have an Eighteenth Century And If So, When?" Studies in Eighteenth Century Culture 21, no. 1 (1992): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sec.2010.0273.

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Westberg, Johannes. "When Teachers Were Farmers: Teachers’ Allotted Farms and the Funding of Mass Schooling, 1838–1900." Nordic Journal of Educational History 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v2i1.43.

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What were teachers’ allotted farms, and what were they for? This study aims to answer these questions by examining these farms in nineteenth century Sweden, and their role in the expansion of the elementary school system in 1838–1900. Focusing on the allotted farms of the Sundsvall region, this article analyses how these farms provided teachers with fields and meadows, as well as outhouses such as cowsheds, bakehouses and cellars. This article argues that these farms made schooling more affordable for the school districts, primarily in the first two decades after the Elementary School Act of 1842. Allotted farms were often inexpensive to acquire and maintain, not least owing to the agricultural and maintenance work that the teachers carried out, and yielded an annual return that reduced the taxation needed to operate the school districts. This, in turn, facilitated the expansion of schooling.

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Llambi, Luis. "Emergence of Capitalized Family Farms in Latin America." Comparative Studies in Society and History 31, no. 4 (October 1989): 745–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500016182.

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The mechanized grain farm of the American Midwest and the Canadian prairies has been the ideological leitmotif of most attempts to modernize agrarian structures during the last century in Latin America. Not only held up as the archetype of efficient farming, the family-sized enterprise has also been taken as model for an egalitarian rural society.

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MUKHERJEE, AVIK, DORINDA SPEH, AARON T. JONES, KATHLEEN M. BUESING, and FRANCISCO DIEZ-GONZALEZ. "Longitudinal Microbiological Survey of Fresh Produce Grown by Farmers in the Upper Midwest." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1928–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.8.1928.

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Microbiological analyses of fruits and vegetables produced by farms in Minnesota and Wisconsin were conducted to determine coliform and Escherichia coli counts and the prevalence of E. coli, Salmonella, and E. coli O157:H7. During the 2003 and 2004 harvest seasons, 14 organic farms (certified by accredited organic agencies), 30 semiorganic farms (used organic practices but not certified), and 19 conventional farms were sampled to analyze 2,029 preharvest produce samples (473 organic, 911 semiorganic, and 645 conventional). Produce varieties included mainly lettuces, leafy greens, cabbages, broccoli, peppers, tomatoes, zucchini, summer squash, cucumber, and berries. Semiorganic and organic farms provided the majority of leafy greens and lettuces. Produce samples from the three farm types had average coliform counts of 1.5 to 2.4 log most probable number per g. Conventional produce had either significantly lower or similar coliform populations compared with the semiorganic and organic produce. None of the produce samples collected during the 2 years of this study were contaminated with Salmonella or E. coli O157:H7. E. coli contamination was detected in 8% of the samples, and leafy greens, lettuces, and cabbages had significantly higher E. coli prevalence than did all the other produce types in both years for the three farm types. The prevalence of E. coli contamination by produce type was not significantly different between the three farm types during these 2 years, with the exception of organic leafy greens, in which E. coli prevalence was one-third that of semiorganic leafy greens in 2003. These results indicate that the preharvest microbiological quality of produce from the three types of farms was very similar during these two seasons and that produce type appears to be more likely than farm type to influence E. coli contamination.

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Li, Hong, Arno Wunschmann, Janice Keller, D. Greg Hall, and Timothy B. Crawford. "Caprine Herpesvirus-2–Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 15, no. 1 (January 2003): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500110.

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A subacute disease presenting primarily as alopecia and weight loss occurred in 2 white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) on farms in Minnesota and in Texas. A presumptive diagnosis of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was made on the basis of histological lesions. Antibody against an epitope conserved among the MCF group viruses was detected in the serum of both deer. DNA samples from the deer were subjected to a variety of PCR amplifications. Alignment of the amplified sequences from the diseased animals revealed that they were 100% identical to each other and to the same DNA fragment from the newly recognized member of the MCF virus group endemic in domestic goats ( Capra hircus), provisionally named caprine herpesvirus 2 (CpHV-2). A seroprevalence survey from one of the deer farms showed a high rate of subclincal infection in the deer population. This study provides further confirmation that CpHV-2 is a pathogen, at least for deer, and emphasizes the risk of loss from MCF when mixing cervids with goats.

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Pizło, Wojciech. "INCOME OF FRUIT FARMS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1506.

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From the mid-19th century to the 20th century in Central and Eastern Europe, apple, pear and cherry orchards were founded on the exemplar of fruit orchards in highly developed countries. The assessment of the economic farms situation, including farms with permanent crops (orchards) in the EU countries is monitoring by FADN. In the FADN classification, horticultural crops are fruit trees. In the FADN classification, horticultural crops are all fruit trees. The purpose of this article is to diagnose and assess the income situation of European fruit growing. The diagnosis has been conducted on the data basis from the FAO, Eurostat and the Central Statistical Office. The cultivation area has been decreasing in West European fruit-growing since the 1990s, particularly in Germany and France - for example apple tree. At the same time is observed an increase of apple orchards in Poland. The research showed that income on fruit farms is unstable. The highest one is registered in fruit farms in Belgium (46.8 thousand euros), the Netherlands (34.2 thousand euros) and Austria (25.3 thousand euros). Simultaneously, the British horticulture was experienced the crisis. It recorded the loses evaluated on 13.4 thousand Euros per year.

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Schwäbl, Tiago. "Variações sobre uma Arqueologia da Atualização." Matlit Revista do Programa de Doutoramento em Materialidades da Literatura 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-1_16.

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Recenção crítica a Siegfried Zielinski, [… After the Media] News from the Slow-fading Twentieth Century. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Univocal, 2013. 276 pp. ISBN 9781937561161.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-1_16

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Lopez, Karen M., Jill Nezworski, Aaron Rendahl, Marie Culhane, Cristian Flores-Figueroa, Jeanette Muñoz-Aguayo, David A. Halvorson, Rebecca Johnson, Timothy Goldsmith, and Carol J. Cardona. "Environmental Sampling Survey of H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza–Infected Layer Chicken Farms in Minnesota and Iowa." Avian Diseases 62, no. 4 (October 11, 2018): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/11891-050418-reg.1.

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Hout, Michael, and Avery M. Guest. "Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Great Britain and the United States Since 1850: Comment." American Economic Review 103, no. 5 (August 1, 2013): 2021–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.5.2021.

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We reanalyze Long and Ferrie's data. We find that the association of occupational status across generations was quite similar over time and place. Two significant differences were: (i) American farms in 1880 were far more open to men who had nonfarm backgrounds than were American farms in 1973 or British farms in either century; (ii) of the four cases, the intergenerational correlation was strongest in Britain in 1881. Structural mobility related to, among other things, economic growth and occupational differentiation, affected mobility most in 1970s America. (JEL J62, N31, N32, N33, N34)

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Samrina, E. V. "ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF KHAKASSIAN RICH FARMS IN THE XIX CENTURY." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 9 (2017): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2017-9-41-45.

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ŞANDA, Mehmet Nuri. "INSPECTİON OF ATATÜRK FARMS IN TARSUS AND SİLİFKE." IEDSR Association 6, no. 11 (February 24, 2021): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.237.

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The subject of this study consisting of three section was the Piloğlu Farm in Tarsus and Şövalye and Tekir Atatürk Famrs in Silifke in Mersin city in 20. century. The first section of this study provided general information about the formation of Atatürk farms. The second section explained the formation of Piloğlu Farm in Tarsus and Şövalye and Tekir Atatürk Farms in Silifke and transferring the Orman Farm in Ankara, Piloğlu Farm in Tarsus, Karabasamak Farm and Orange Garden in Dörtyol, Şövale and Tekir farms in Silifke and Baltacı and Millet farms in Yalova to treasure in 1937 under the will of Mustafa Kemal. The third section explained the transfer of farms in Tarsus and Silifke to State Agricultural Business Institution in 1938 and the audit conducted by this institution to Piloğlu and Tekir farms in 1945-1946. During this audit, inspectors prepared reports related to the cropped area in the farm, agricultural tools, transportation vehicles, forestation work and the states of the buildings and field. These report included problems in the farms and recommendations to solve these problems.

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Eraclio, Giovanni, Giovanni Ricci, Paolo Moroni, Carlos Santisteban, Carme Plumed-Ferrer, James Bennett, and Maria Grazia Fortina. "Sand bedding as a reservoir for Lactococcus garvieae dissemination in dairy farms." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 65, no. 1 (January 2019): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2018-0251.

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Lactococcus garvieae is now recognized as a species with clinical significance for human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of this pathogen in sand bedding and milk samples. Two farms in Minnesota with problems of clinical and subclinical mastitis due to streptococci-like organisms were selected. Twenty-four Lactococcus garvieae isolates from sand bedding and 18 isolates from quarter milk were comparatively studied using a genotypic approach. RAPD (random amplification of polymorphic DNA) PCR and REP (repetitive element palindromic) PCR experiments highlighted a similar electrophoretic profile. When genes belonging to the core genome of L. garvieae were tested through a MLRT (multilocus restriction typing), we again observed that all L. garvieae isolates coming from sand bedding and milk shared a common profile, distinguishable from previously studied representative L. garvieae strains. These data indicate that the L. garvieae isolated from sand bedding and milk originated from a few strains adapted to persist in the same habitat. This supports the hypothesis that sand bedding can represent a reservoir of L. garvieae strains and be a potential vehicle for their dissemination in dairy farms.

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