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1
Uno, Kei. "Consuming the Tower of Babel and Japanese Public Art Museums—The Exhibition of Bruegel’s “The Tower of Babel” and the Babel-mori Project." Religions 10, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10030158.
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Two Japanese public art museums, the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Gallery and the National Art Museum of Osaka, hosted Project Babel, which included the Babel-mori (Heaping plate of food items imitating the Tower of Babel) project. This was part of an advertising campaign for the traveling exhibition “BABEL Collection of Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen: Bruegel’s ‘The Tower of Babel’ and Great 16th Century Masters” in 2017. However, Babel-mori completely misconstrued the meaning of the Tower of Babel in Genesis 11:1–9. I explore the opinions of the curators at the art museums who hosted it and the university students who took my interview on this issue. I will also discuss the treatment of artwork with religious connotations in light of education in Japan. These exhibitions of Christian artwork provide important evidence on the contemporary reception of Christianity in Japan and, more broadly, on Japanese attitudes toward religious minorities.
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Zaiki, M., G. P. Können, T. Tsukahara, P. D. Jones, T. Mikami, and K. Matsumoto. "Recovery of nineteenth-century Tokyo/Osaka meteorological data in Japan." International Journal of Climatology 26, no. 3 (2006): 399–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.1253.
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Fujiwara, Akihiko, Yoko Sugawara, Atsushi Nakagawa, and Masaki Takata. "The 100 Years History of Crystallography in Japan." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314087002.
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A century ago, crystallogtaphy ushered in the era of modern science & technology in Japan. The beginning of modern crystallography in Japan dates back to 1913. Torahiko Terada (Tokyo Imperial University) demonstrated X-ray diffraction[1] and Shoji Nishikawa (Tokyo Imperial University) reported on X-ray patterns of fibrous, lamellar and granular substances[2]. In 1936, Ukichiro Nakaya (Hokkaido University) successfully classified natural snow crystals and made the first artificial snow crystals. In the last half-century, developments in crystallography helped form thriving manufacturing sectors such as the semiconductor industry, the iron and steel industries, the pharmaceutical industry, the electronics industry, the textile industry, and the polymer industry, as well as a wide array of academic research.
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Sergievskaya, Natalia, Tatyana Pokrovskaya, and Natalya Vorontsova. "The advisability of high-rise construction in the city." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183301037.
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In this article there discusses the question of advisability high-rise construction, the reasons for its use, both positive and negative sides of it. On the one hand, a number of authors believe that it is difficult to avoid high-rise construction due to the limited areas in very large cities. On the other hand, a number of other authors draw attention to the problems associated with high-rise construction. The author of the article analyses examples of high-rise construction in several countries (UAE, Dubai "Burj Khalifa"; Japan "Tokyo Sky Tree"; United States of America, "Willis Tower"; Russia "Federation Tower") and proves the advisability of high-rise construction in the city.
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Furuhata, Katsunori, Keiichi Goto, Yuko Kato, Keiko Saitou, Jun-ichi Sugiyama, Motonobu Hara, Shin-ichi Yoshida, and Masafumi Fukuyama. "Characteristics of a Pink-Pigmented Bacterium Isolated from Biofilm in a Cooling Tower in Tokyo, Japan." Microbiology and Immunology 51, no. 6 (June 2007): 637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03951.x.
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Oshima, Ken Tadashi. "Denenchōfu: Building the Garden City in Japan." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 55, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991116.
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This article attempts to identify the fundamental physical and ideological elements that shape Japanese urbanism. It examines the development of the suburb of Denenchōfu near Tokyo as an example of Ebenezer Howard's garden city idea and shows how it met the needs of a new social order during the period of modernization. Denenchōfu was planned and developed outside of Tokyo at the beginning of the twentieth century by a group, led by Meiji period developer Eiichi Shibusawa, that was inspired by Howard's urban planning ideas. Like most garden cities. Denenchōfu was transformed over time into a relatively conventional suburb. Nevertheless it became one of the most successful planned developments in Japan. Part of this success stems from its timely completion, which coincided with the huge population exodus from Tokyo following the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 as well as from its prime location on the rapidly developing suburban railway network. Drawing from Japanese sources, this analysis traces the planning process of the project. It also examines the role of design guidelines and continuities with premodern forms in shaping the overall urban plan and individual houses.
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Cruz De Castro, Renato. "Exploring a 21st-Century Japan-Philippine Security Relationship: Linking Two Spokes Together?" Asian Survey 49, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 691–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2009.49.4.691.
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The article examines Tokyo's efforts to link the Philippine and the Japanese security spokes in the face of Beijing's moves to widen the cleavage between both countries' alliances with the U.S. and render them irrelevant. The article concludes that Manila and Tokyo must first reconfigure a defense relationship that is not merely a military aggregation but a political apparatus enabling them to constructively engage an emergent China.
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Hoshino, Sayaka, Miguel Esteban, Takahito Mikami, Tomoyuki Takabatake, and Tomoya Shibayama. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND COASTAL DEFENCES IN TOKYO BAY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 14, 2012): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.management.19.
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Sea level rise and an increase in typhoon intensity are two of the expected consequences from future climate change. In the present work a methodology to change the intensity of tropical cyclones in Japan was developed, which can be used to assess the inundation risk to different areas of the country. An example of how this would affect one of the worst typhoons to hit the Tokyo Bay area in the 20th century was thus developed, highlighting the considerable dangers associated with this event, and how current sea defences could be under danger of failing by the end of the 21st century.
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FURUHATA, KATSUNORI, NAOTO ISHIZAKI, AKIKO EDAGAWA, and MASAFUMI FUKUYAMA. "Roseomonas tokyonensis sp. nov. Isolated from a Biofilm Sample Obtained from a Cooling Tower in Tokyo, Japan." Biocontrol Science 18, no. 4 (2013): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4265/bio.18.205.
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Fietkiewicz, Kaja, and Sandra Pyka. "Development of Informational Cities in Japan." International Journal of Knowledge Society Research 5, no. 1 (January 2014): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijksr.2014010106.
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This article presents the concept of Informational City – the city of 21st century with its highly developed digital, knowledge or creative infrastructures as well as other important aspects contributing to its informativeness. The authors have selected four Japanese cities as the best candidates for (emerging) Informational Cities and investigated data referring to them in order to determine if they indeed can be labelled as Informational Cities. The authors compared the four cities – Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka and Kyoto, and made a ranking of them in regard to their level of informativeness.
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Yanagi, Tetsuo. "Great Water Temperature Changes of 1.5C per Decade in Tokyo Bay, Japan - its Causes and Consequences -." Journal of Disaster Research 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2008.p0113.
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Decreasing rates of sea surface temperatures (SST) in summer and their increasing rates in winter in Tokyo Bay, Japan from 1976 to 1997 attain 1.5°C per decade - 30 times greater than the global SST increasing rate of 0.5°C per century. Such large SST changes resulted from intensified estuarine circulation in Tokyo Bay due to increased fresh water discharge due to increased water use on land and decreased tidal amplitude attributable to large-scale reclamation. Direct anthropogenic effects are much greater than the global warming effect on SST change in coastal seas.
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Suzuki, Youya. "Architecture of Totalitarian Epoch in 1930s - 1940s in Japan." Observatory of Culture, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2014-0-1-75-81.
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Considers the situation of coexistence of various stylistic trends in architecture in Japan in the second quarter of the XX century. Features of the search of national identity and the development of architecture in Japan generally lined with global trends are shown by the example of three key architectural objects of the time: the buildings of Parliament of Japan, the main building of the Imperial museum in Tokyo and the competition on “the Monument of the Great Eastern Asia”
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Arai, Tatsuo, Yasuyoshi Yokokohji, Masamitsu Kurisu, and Hiroyasu Iwata. "Special Issue on MEXT 21st Century COE Programs (I)." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 20, no. 4 (August 20, 2008): 513–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2008.p0513.
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The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (MEXT) started the “21st Century COE Program” in 2002 to give targeted support to the creation of global-standard research and education bases. The five-year grant came to fund a total of 250 excellent programs from 95 universities. Topics related to robotics and mechatronics are treated in the following programs: (1) “Information Science and Technology Strategic Core,” University of Tokyo; (2) “Intelligent Human Sensing,” Toyohashi University of Technology; (3) “Innovation of Creative Engineering through the Development of Advanced Robotics,” Tokyo Institute of Technology; (4) “Micro- and Nano-Mechatronics for Information-Based Society,” Nagoya University; (5) “COE for Research and Education on Complex Functional Mechanical Systems,” Kyoto University; (6) “Paradigm Shift from Intelligence to Life,” Keio University; (7) “Human Adaptive Mechatronics (HAM),” Tokyo Denki University; and (8) “The Innovative Research on Symbiosis Technologies for Human and Robots in an Aging Society,” Waseda University. All of these programs were completed by March 2008. Our editorial board has decided that the time is right to organize a special issue on MEXT 21st Century Programs to disseminate these invaluable research findings as widely as possible. Our three guest editors – Prof. Yasuyoshi Yokokohji of Kyoto University, Prof. Masamitsu Kurisu of Tokyo Denki University, and Prof. Hiroyasu Iwata of Waseda University – have all worked in the specialized areas featured here. Of the 30 papers submitted for this special issue, some 18 papers have been accepted for publication after a careful review, and some are still under review. We thank the authors for their valuable contributions and the reviewers for their generous time and efforts in making this issue a success. <flushright> Prof. Tatsuo Arai Editor-in Chief </flushright>
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Arai, Tatsuo, Yasuyoshi Yokokohji, Masamitsu Kurisu, and Hiroyasu Iwata. "Special Issue on MEXT 21st Century COE Programs (II)." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 20, no. 5 (October 20, 2008): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2008.p0673.
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The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (MEXT) started the “21st Century COE Program” in 2002 to give targeted support to the creation of global-standard research and education bases. The five-year grant came to fund a total of 250 excellent programs from 95 universities. Topics related to robotics and mechatronics are treated in the following programs: (1) “Information Science and Technology Strategic Core,” University of Tokyo; (2) “Intelligent Human Sensing,” Toyohashi University of Technology; (3) “Innovation of Creative Engineering through the Development of Advanced Robotics,” Tokyo Institute of Technology; (4) “Micro- and Nano-Mechatronics for Information-Based Society,” Nagoya University; (5) “COE for Research and Education on Complex Functional Mechanical Systems,” Kyoto University; (6) “Paradigm Shift from Intelligence to Life,” Keio University; (7) “Human Adaptive Mechatronics (HAM),” Tokyo Denki University; and (8) “The Innovative Research on Symbiosis Technologies for Human and Robots in an Aging Society,” Waseda University. All of these programs were completed by March 2008. Our editorial board has decided that the time is right to organize a special issue on MEXT 21st Century Programs to disseminate these invaluable research findings as widely as possible. Our three guest editors – Prof. Yasuyoshi Yokokohji of Kyoto University, Prof. Masamitsu Kurisu of Tokyo Denki University, and Prof. Hiroyasu Iwata of Waseda University – have all worked in the specialized areas featured here. Of the 30 papers submitted for this special issue, 23 papers have been accepted for publication after a careful review. We thank the authors for their valuable contributions and the reviewers for their generous time and efforts in making this issue a success. <Div Align=""right""> Prof. Tatsuo Arai Editor-in Chief</div>
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Paramonov, O. G. "Russian–Japanese Relations at the Turn of the Century: Patterns, Routes, Leaders." Journal of International Analytics 12, no. 2 (August 19, 2021): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2021-12-2-107-129.
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This article analyzes why, during the post-Cold War period, Tokyo became aware of the need to reconsider its hard-line relations with Moscow, which had been developed in previous decades. Even in the period preceding the collapse of the USSR, Tokyo did not conceal its intentions to use the difficult socio-economic situation in the USSR and then in Russia to obtain territorial concessions. Even then, however, the Russian side mostly determined the agenda of the Russian-Japanese dialogue, which was largely due to serious mistakes made by Japanese politicians. After Russia emerged from the economic and political turbulence that began unexpectedly for the West and Japan in the 2000s, Tokyo’s new hopes were connected with concessions on the “territorial case” because of Russia’s interest in Japanese investments and technological cooperation, especially for the development of the Far East and adjacent areas. Nevertheless, even here Tokyo faced a fiasco. Before the arrival of the Abe era in late 2012, Japan’s foreign policy toward Russia became increasingly “reactive,” and even later Tokyo’s high-profile initiatives related to the Russian-Japanese agenda often turned out to be old proposals from Moscow that had been made during the time of Michael Gorbachev, and favorable moments for their implementation were largely missed.
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Tseng, Alice Y. "Styling Japan: The Case of Josiah Conder and the Museum at Ueno, Tokyo." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 472–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128015.
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The public museum that opened in 1882 in Ueno Park, Tokyo, was conceived as the archetypal museum of Japan, serving to maintain and exhibit the nation's cultural assets, natural specimens, and industrial collections. In this article, I focus on the Ueno Museum's architecture, which was a product of the alliance between the English architect Josiah Conder (1852-1920) and his Japanese host, the nascent Meiji bureaucracy (1868-1912). As an institution of conspicuous national significance, it encompassed multiple layers of meaning both intended and projected. Many of the nuances of expression stemmed from the complexity of Japan's standing as a non-Western nation in a Western-centric world, as well as the particular patron-architect dynamic between the Japanese government and its foreign specialist. An examination of the formative stage of the museum through the various factors that propelled the design sheds light on the intricate process of cultural interchange and the underlying notions of progress and modernization in the late nineteenth century.
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horan, kelly. "Vegetables Are Genius: A Zen Chef Cooks toward Enlightenment." Gastronomica 6, no. 4 (2006): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2006.6.4.26.
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Tucked away in a fashionable Tokyo shopping district, chef Toshio Tanahashi's 20-seat restaurant, Gesshinkyo, serves haute Buddhist cuisine to a taste-making elite happy to pay hundreds of dollars for the privilege of eating painstakingly prepared vegetables. One Saturday every month, though, a handful of students pay a fraction of the price to prepare a ten-course meal alongside the master, and to imbibe a heaping portion of Zen wisdom along with the fruits of their labors. Reporter and Japan Society fellow Kelly Horan traveled to Tokyo to find out why Tanahashi's particular blend of ancient asceticism and 21st century hedonism is making his one of the most talked-about kitchens in the East.
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Kim, Roy. "Japanese-Soviet Relations under Gorbachev." Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 608 (January 1, 1988): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.1988.31.
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A restrained relationship between the Soviet Union and Japan great military and economic powers and geographically close neighbors in Northeast Asia -is an international anomaly of considerable magnitude. Resolution of this anomaly has been delayed for the last 40 years by several factors, some bilateral and others involving third parties. Yet, it would be surprising if the two nations were anything but restrained and suspicious of each other. Historically they fought each other in East Asia since the turn of the century. The two countries have very little in common in social, political, and cultural spheres. For this and other reasons, the Soviet image in Japan is extremely unfavorable. Yet the growth of both nations' power -militarily for Moscow and economically for Tokyo - has gradually and steadily increased the mutual necessity for improving relations. Given Soviet military strength in the Pacific, Tokyo has attempted, without much success, to have its relations with Moscow in a "self-confident and unhostile" manner.f Moscow's policy toward Tokyo was somewhat inactive, if not negative, resulting in more damage to itself than to the Japanese. Recently this policy appears to be changing. This essay examines the probable causes of this change, actual processes of improvement, remaining obstacles, and future prospects.
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Kunieda, Mari. "Umeko Tsuda: a Pioneer in Higher Education for Women in Japan." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 7, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.313.
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This article explores the life and achievements of Umeko Tsuda, who played a pioneering role in higher education for women in Japan in the early twentieth century. In 1871, the Japanese government sent five girls to the United States to study. They were expected to become models for Japanese women when they returned. Six-year-old Umeko Tsuda was the youngest among them, and she remained in the United States for eleven years until she had graduated from high school. We trace her steps historically in order to highlight the experiences which drove her to work to raise women’s status in Japan. The first biography of her, by Toshikazu Yoshikawa, was reviewed by Umeko herself, and in the years since other researchers have analysed Umeko’s life from various viewpoints. Umeko’s writings, speeches, and correspondence with her American host family and friends also reveal her thoughts. As an early female returnee, Umeko developed her ideas of what schools for women should be like. With the moral and financial support of close American and Japanese friends, Umeko started her ideal school in 1900 with only ten students. This Tokyo school was the first private institution for higher education for women in Japan. Thus, Umeko’s determination to help Japanese women become more educated and happier was the foundation of Tsuda University, now offering BAs, MAs, and PhDs in a variety of programmes in Tokyo.
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Harašta, Jakub. "Michal Kolmaš: National Identity and Japanese Revisionism." Mezinárodní vztahy 56, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/mv-cjir.1777.
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Over the course of the twentieth century, Japan has experienced a radical shift in its self-perception. After World War II, Japan embraced a peaceful and anti-militarist identity, which was based on its war-prohibiting Constitution and the foreign policy of the Yoshida doctrine. For most of the twentieth century, this identity was unusually stable. In the last couple of decades, however, Japan’s self-perception and foreign policy seem to have changed. Tokyo has conducted a number of foreign policy actions as well as symbolic internal gestures that would have been unthinkable a few decades ago and that symbolize a new and more confident Japan. Japanese politicians – including Prime Minister Abe Shinzō – have adopted a new discourse depicting pacifism as a hindrance, rather than asset, to Japan’s foreign policy. Does that mean that “Japan is back”? In order to better understand the dynamics of contemporary Japan, Kolmaš joins up the dots between national identity theory and Japanese revisionism. The book shows that while political elites and a portion of the Japanese public call for re-articulation of Japan’s peaceful identity, there are still societal and institutional forces that prevent this change from entirely materializing.
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Kokubun, Ryosei. "The Current State of Contemporary Chinese Studies in Japan." China Quarterly 107 (September 1986): 505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000039886.
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Sino-Japanese ties have been expanding since formal diplomatic relations were established in 1972. Recently, both governments organized a China–Japan Friendship Committee for the 21 st Century, a Sino-Japanese version of the U.S.–Japan Wiseman's Group, which has played an important role in cementing links between the United States and Japan through the years. The new China–Japan Committee is jointly headed by Tadao Ishikawa, president of Keio University and a scholar of Chinese politics, and by Wang Zhaoguo, the 45 yearold head of the general office of the Chinese Communist Party. This committee holds annual meetings to explore Sino-Japanese relations in depth. In addition, since 1982, a China–Japan Civilian Meeting has been convened, alternately in Tokyo and Beijing, bringing together over 100 Chinese and Japanese businessmen, politicians and scholars to survey Sino-Japanese relations. Finally, since 1980, at an annual ministerial meeting, the top ministers of each government review their activities.
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Sato, Shunichi. "Urban Renewal for Earthquake-Proof Systems." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2006): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0095.
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In the latter half of the twentieth century we have cities with a population of ten million or more and highly developed rapid transit and freeways. By December 1972, the total population of Tokyo, the Capital of Japan, had grown to 11.6 million. Tokyo, standing with New York City, Shanghai, and London, is now one of the world's largest cities. In the Japan islands, people are moving to bigger cities on a large scale. This may be concluded from the fact that the economic miracle transformed a battered Japan into one of the greatest industrial nations of the world during the last decade. Economic and industrial activity was concentrated in limited areas, especially on the outskirts of large cities which furnished the consumer markets and in the built-up town areas which envelop minor enterprises allied with big industries. As the nation's largest city and its capital, it was only natural that Tokyo's postwar population growth should have outpaced the rest of the country, because it was the center of the world's highest national economic growth. Tokyo also now plays an important role as a center of political power as in it are concentrated the legislative bodies, the judiciary, and the natural administration. The fact that today's national activities in every field including culture and economy are related to the central political activity accerates the centralization of head offices of enterprises in Tokyo where they can best cope with the economic policy of the government. The number of publications from Tokyo, for example, is 80 per cent of the national total. Tokyo is the center of the country. This centralization brings us much benefit and at the same time it exerts an evil influence. Tokyo is suffering from urban problems such as pollution, traffic congestion, housing shortages, etc. which are also major problems in the other big cities in the world. The rapidity of the centralization of people and industries in Tokyo has made matters worse. An administrative report of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government analyzes the situation as follows, "An emergence of super high buildings and coiling freeways in the center of Tokyo has dramatically changed it into a modernized city, but at the same time the change has brought about the by-products of air pollution and traffic jams that threaten our daily life and health. Housing shortages, commuter congestion and rising prices are also detrimental to the goal of a happy citizenry". In November 1972, the World Conference of Great Cities was held in Tokyo; when the Tokyo Declaration was announced stating, "we cannot deny the fact that science and technology which have brought about many benefits to human beings are also having destructive effects in the large cities," it was enough to remind each participant of the seriousness of their urban problems. There is also a saying, "city planning in the twentieth century is a fight against cars and slums." Indeed the city is product of civilized society and it fares well or ill coincidentally with changes in economy and society supported by the civilization. One must not forget that the main host of a city is neither industry nor machinery, but human beings. A city is a settlement designed for human beings. Therefore we must discharge our duty without delay to fight under given conditions for urban reconstruction with co-existing residential, industrial, and commercial zoning making a comfortable city in which to live and work. We can easily imagine the dreadful damage an overcrowded Tokyo will suffer during a great earthquake. The experience of ruinous damage brought about by repeated earthquakes in the past tells us that the continuing sprawl and overcrowding of Tokyo will undoubtedly increase the danger. Even the newest scientific technology cannot prevent earthquakes. We must, therefore, recognize that it is not the mischief of nature, but the easygoing attitude of people that brings much of the ruin and damage by earthquakes. That means that peoples' efforts have been the minimum, and so we are now meeting the challenge of reorganization of the functions and structures of Tokyo from the civil engineering point of view with human wisdom, courage, and technology.
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Jeszenszky, Péter, Yoshinobu Hikosaka, and Keiji Yano. "Lexical variation in Japanese dialects revisited: Geostatistic and dialectometric analysis." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-148-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Since the end of the 19th century in Japan, the official language policy enforced using Standard Japanese, based on the variety spoken in Tokyo (formerly Edo), in all official situations and in schools. Since then, Japanese dialects have been dwindling and ‘flattening’ (i.e., they retain less regional variation). Nevertheless, differences of language varieties keep being important topics and they reinforce the feeling of belonging and group formation in Japan, similarly to most languages with dialects. This study explores the spatial patterns in Japanese lexical variation based on digitised dialectal survey data (using the Linguistic Atlas of Japan) and presents first results of a dialectometric analysis, quantifying a number of factors assumed to affect lexical variation in Japanese.</p>
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Hashimoto, Akira. "‘The present state and statistical observation of mental patients under home custody’, by Kure Shūzō and Kashida Gorō (1918)." History of Psychiatry 30, no. 2 (December 14, 2018): 240–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x18818045.
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This text, dealing with the private confinement of the mentally ill at home, or shitaku kanchi, has often been referred to as a ‘classic text’ in the history of Japanese psychiatry. Shitaku kanchi was one of the most prevalent methods of treating mental disorders in early twentieth-century Japan. Under the guidance of Kure Shūzō (1865–1932), Kure’s assistants at Tokyo University inspected a total of 364 rooms of shitaku kanchi across Japan between 1910 and 1916. This text was published as their final report in 1918. The text also refers to traditional healing practices for mental illnesses found throughout the country. Its abundant descriptions aroused the interest of experts of various disciplines.
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Richters, Katja. "The Orthodox Churches of the Russian tradition in twenty-first-century Japan: negotiating an identity between Tokyo and Moscow?" Religion, State and Society 43, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 276–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2015.1101218.
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Leiter, Samuel L. "“What Really Happens Backstage”: A Nineteenth-Century Kabuki Document." Theatre Survey 38, no. 2 (November 1997): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004055740000209x.
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In 1967 the National Theatre of Japan (Kokuritsu Gekijô) published a facsimile version of Okyôgen Gakuya no Honsetsu (What Really Happens Backstage), a two-volume, four-part work, originally published in the midnineteenth century in Edo (Tokyo), and written by Santei Shunba, with the first volume (1858) illustrated by Baichôrô Kunisada and Ichieisai Yoshitsuya, and the second (1859) by Ichiransai Kunitsuna. The book offers numerous illustrations of kabuki stage effects, with brief explanations of their purposes. Despite its great value as a historical resource, this work had been barely known to the Japanese academic community, apart from the fact that one of its pictures appeared in Ihara Toshirô's 1913 Kinsei Nihon Engeki Shi (History of Japanese Theatre from the Edo Period) and was reproduced frequently thereafter. The chief source of information concerning its contents was an entry in the six-volume Engeki Hyakka Daijiten (Encyclopedia of the Theatre), published by Waseda University in 1962. This entry contained several inaccuracies, including errors in the number of the book's volumes and its publication date.
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Howard, Karen. "Traditional Japanese Music in Contemporary Times." General Music Today 33, no. 3 (February 11, 2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048371320902753.
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Music in Japan is richly varied and includes documented genres dating back more than 1000 years. From classical court music known as gagaku, to the dramatic music plays in kabuki, to contemporary J-pop (subgenre of popular music), educators can find a sound to suit every instructional need. The focus here will be on considerations of three traditional instruments used in Japan: the koto (zither), shakuhachi (bamboo flute), and shamisen (three-stringed instrument), and a unique educational experience for those interested in studying these traditions. The learning program is offered through a koto school in Tokyo that is more than a century old, and they now offer a course in English every other summer. Also offered are suggestions for incorporating traditional Japanese music into elementary and secondary general music settings.
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Aono, Yasuyuki. "Cherry blossom phenological data since the seventeenth century for Edo (Tokyo), Japan, and their application to estimation of March temperatures." International Journal of Biometeorology 59, no. 4 (June 5, 2014): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-014-0854-0.
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HIRANO, KATSUYA. "POLITICS AND POETICS OF THE BODY IN EARLY MODERN JAPAN." Modern Intellectual History 8, no. 3 (September 27, 2011): 499–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244311000333.
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This essay examines the political implications of Edo (present-day Tokyo) popular culture in early modern Japan by focusing on the interface between distinct forms of literary and visual representation and the configuration of social order (the status hierarchy and the division of labor), as well as moral and ideological discourses that were conducive to the reproduction of the order. Central to the forms of representation in Edo popular culture was the overarching literary and artistic principle, which I call “dialogic imagination,” a phrase adapted from M.M. Bakhtin's work on Fyodor Dostoevsky. By creating a dialogical interaction of divergent voices and perspectives, Edo popular culture created pluralized, contentious images of Tokugawa society, images that underlined contradictory realities that had become widely discernible around the turn of the eighteenth century. The most salient of all the contradictions was the growing disjuncture between the ideological premise of social and economic hierarchies and their actual reversals. The dialogic imagination captured and accentuated the fluid and dynamic social interactions that threw the formal arrangements of social order into disarray, as well as the widely perceived tensions originating from these interactions, by supplying images that sharply contrasted with those that the Tokugawa authorities worked hard to foster and defend: of a harmonious, self-contained, and perfectly functioning society.
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Natsume, Muneyuki. "Wind Condition Analysis of Japanese Rural Landscapes in the 19th Century: A Case Study of Kichijoji Village in Musashino Upland." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 9 (September 5, 2019): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8090396.
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Woodlands in the traditional rural landscape of Japan are thought to have a role as windbreaks, among various functions. However, in previous studies, the windbreak effect of woodlands in early-modern settlements has not been quantitatively analyzed. To perform a quantitative analysis, computational fluid dynamics was used with a 3D reconstruction of the early-modern rural landscape of Kichijoji village in a suburb of Tokyo. The landscape was reconstructed based on historical records. The analysis showed that the woodland in Kichijoji village effectively reduced the speed of northbound and southbound winds in the fields. The results are consistent with the actual prevailing wind direction in this area. The purpose of this study was to determine a method and model to quantify the windbreak effect of woodlands in early-modern settlements.
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Funk, Holger, and Christian Ernest Vincenot. "Siebold and Temminck on the distribution of Pteropus dasymallus, the Ryukyu Flying Fox." Archives of Natural History 46, no. 1 (April 2019): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2019.0550.
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Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866) was one of the earliest European naturalists to live in Japan. Through most of the nineteenth century, however, until the 1860s, movement of foreigners within Japan was severely restricted, impairing Siebold's ability to observe wildlife in the countryside or collect zoological specimens. Among the Japanese mammals that Siebold was able to see, if not necessarily in the wild, and acquire examples of, was Pteropus dasymallus, the Ryukyu Flying Fox. On the basis of Siebold's early work, Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778–1858), in 1825, first described the species scientifically. Siebold's initial observations on the fruit bat's range, however, proved to be incorrect. His notes on the species' distribution in and around Nagasaki in southern Kyushu and Tokyo in central Honshu were particularly contradictory, apparently based, at least in part, upon an initial confusion with either Pteromys petaurista (Japanese Giant Flying Squirrel) or Pteromys momonga (Japanese Dwarf Flying Squirrel).
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Colard, Daniel. "Vers un nouvel ordre politique international : le traité de paix et d’amitié sino-japonais du 12 août 1978." Études internationales 11, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 3–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701016ar.
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On August 12th 1978 the People's Republic of China and Japan signed a treaty of peace and friendship that solemnly recognized the reconciliation between Peking and Tokyo. The original character and political, economic and geo-strategic meaning of this signal document can only be understood by placing it within Us true context. In fact, this context has two facets. The Sino-Japanese treaty can first be seen in an historical context that must be kept in mind since the « Far Eastern Question » has, from the end of the 19th century, been at the heart of Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese relations as well as constituting an ongoing concern for the major European powers. Prior to 1939, Japanese imperialism had succeeded in imposing its law in China and in East Asia establishing what Tokyo called a « co-prosperity sphere ». During the Second World War, the United States, Great Britain and the USSR - allies against the common enemy - had to take important decisions with regard to Japan to prepare the terms of occupation. The San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951 established the new American-Japanese relationship. Normalization of Soviet-Japanese relations began with the signing of the joint declaration of 1956. The August 12th 1978 Peace Treaty between Peking and Tokyo can be further seen as part of specific diplomatic context comprising the Sino-Soviet conflict, East-West détente and the Sino-American rapprochement that opened the way - immediately after President Nixon's trip to China in February 1972 - for the Sino-Japanese rapprochement. Legally, the Treaty contains only five short sections, the most original of which being the « anti-hegemony » clause provided for in section 2. Diplomatically, it is not exaggerated to recognize in this Sino-Japanese agreement an element of a New International Political Order presently taking form and that has to necessarily accompany the implantation of the « New International Economic Order » that the countries of the Third World have been demanding since 1974.
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Tsuchiya, Y., and A. Matsumoto. "Characterization of Oscillatoria F. Granulata Producing 2-methyl-isoborneol and Geosmin." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 6 (September 1, 1999): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0305.
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We characterized the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria f. granulata isolated from water collected from a cooling tower in Tokyo, Japan. The O.f.granulata produced the earthy/musty odor-producing substances geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB). Chlorophyll a and the levels of both odor compounds were markedly increased at 1000 lux compared to those at 500 and 2000 lux illumination. After a 40-day incubation, 338g/l of 2-MIB and 5.9g/l of geosmin were found in the No.11 culture medium. With incubation in CT liquid medium, a level of 2-MIB that was 3.1 times higher than that in the No.11 culture medium was obtained. Metabolites in the culture of O.f.granulata were identified using atomic emission detector-gas chromatography (AED-GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The AED-GC analysis revealed many peaks containing C, H, O atoms as well as 1 peak of nitrogen on the GC chromatogram, but there were no chlorine-, bromine- or sulfur-containing peaks. The GC/MS analysis identified 6 terpenoids (e.g., eudesmol and sesquiterpene alcohols), 3 phenols (e.g., phenol and BHT), 6 aldehydes (e.g., nonanal, decanal and undecanal), 8 fatty acids (e.g., penta-, hexa- and octadecanoic acid), 8 hydrocarbons (e.g., n-heptadecane, methyl heptadecane and octadecane) and phytol.
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Tanimoto, Masayuki. "A Comparative Historical Approach to the Structure of Livelihood1600-2000: Household/Market/Public Finance." Impact 2021, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.3.64.
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When studying history, in order to understand our present situation and how human structures have changed over time, it is necessary to delve into granular details. Historical economic studies looking at the period spanning the early modern era to the current day tend to focus on macroeconomics. However, a majority of people were not supported by the welfare state but rather inhabited small communities where necessities were conducted on a local level, and there is a lack of research on the exact nature of these public goods. Professor Masayuki Tanimoto, University of Tokyo, Japan, is collaborating with a large, interdisciplinary team of economic historians to understand how everyday life has been sustained in the centuries since the 1600s, with a particular focus on the 20th century. Tanimoto is employing a comparative historical approach, which involves comparing the historical facts and data within a common recognition framework, in the same level for the same period in order to identify differences, similarities and universal logic. The team's current research project is comparing Japan and Germany (Prussia pre-unification). The idea is that Japan will be used as a benchmark and will be compared with China and Europe with a view to relativising the previously Eurocentric cognitive framework by comparisons with the differing development process of Asia.
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Fistié, Pierre. "Le problème territorial des Kouriles du Sud dans les relations nippo-soviétiques." Études internationales 13, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701313ar.
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Since 1956 normal diplomatic relations have been re-established between Japon and Soviet Union, but without any peace treaty. That situation is linked to the problem of the Southern Kuriles occupied by USSR since 1945 but claimed by Japon which took possession of these islands at the end of the I8th century - a state of affairs recognized by Russia in 1855. The Yalta conference attributed « the Kuriles » to USSR and the Son Francisco Treaty (which Moscow did not sign) stipulated their relinquishment by Japon. The latter has always considered that tins text could not apply to the Southern Kuriles. The Hatoyamo government however was ready in 1955 to renounce the two main islands, but the same year the formation of the liberal-democrat party was accompanied by a sudden change in the Japanese position. The 1956 modus vivendi avoided the territorial question and mode possible the development of economic relations between the two countries but the Southern Kuriles problem was revived by Tokyo in the wake of the 1969 agreement on Okinawa. One finds it since at all the turning points of the nippo-soviet relations in spite of the fact that the re-establisment of diplomatic sino-japanese relations in 1972 and the acceptation of the anti-hegemony clause by Tokyo in 1978 make more unlikely than ever a solution in favour of Japan. This one, however, maintains its claim for reasons where the national psychology plays a great part while political and, above all, strategic motives render practically unthinkable that USSR will ever comply. The problem will remain as a thorn in the relations between Tokyo and Moscow.
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Garcés García, María del Pilar. "El espíritu olímpico en Occidente desde sus orígenes en Grecia y los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio (1964-2021)." Revista de Filología de la Universidad de La Laguna, no. 43 (2021): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.refiull.2021.43.07.
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Given the importance that sport has acquired in today’s society and the futuristic relevance that the Olympic Games in Tokyo in 2021 have achieved, this study proposes to focus on sport and the Olympics as a literary and artistic phenomenon in Japan, analyzing the main connotations of the Japanese imaginary, in contrast to the West. The presentation of the historical-literary layout in relation to the theme of sport and the Olympics throughout the history of literature supposes the verification of the enormous amount of archetypes that can be found in the 21st century. All this highlights, at least qualitatively, the importance of sport as a literary, mythological and artistic subject between 1964 and 2020, period on which we will try to focus our critical and analytical vision, highlighting the main literary skills used to immortalize this world event, ritualized since the Greco-Latin era. We will also carry out an analysis of the literary and philosophical meaning of the Olympics and of the Olympic athlete as a character in Western antiquity and of the Olympics and the athlete in Japanese antiquity, rescuing the ritual and literary evolution until the current century
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Steele, M. William. "Mobility on the Move." Transfers 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2014.040307.
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The rickshaw initiated an explosion in personal mobility in Asia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Invented in Japan in 1869, by 1872 there were forty thousand and by 1875 over one hundred thousand of the new two-wheel vehicles on the streets of Tokyo. The number reached a peak in 1896 with 210,000 countrywide. The rickshaw (in Japanese, jinrikisha) quickly spread to Asia, to Shanghai and Hong Kong in 1874, to Singapore and Calcutta in 1880. By 1900, the rickshaw had spread throughout the continent, bringing with it new mobility to an emerging urban middle class. Moreover, for many people in Asia, the rickshaw alongside the locomotive, came to symbolize modernity. This article will explore routes of diffusion, focusing on the role played by Akiha Daisuke and his adopted son, Akiha Daisuke II, Japan's largest exporters of rickshaws, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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Batakova, A. A. "DIFFERING APPROACHES OF THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT TOWARDS THE “HISTORY ISSUES”." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(46) (February 28, 2016): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-1-46-106-117.
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The beginning of the 1990s saw a prevailing understanding in Tokyo that restoration of trust and reconciliation with East Asian countries should be the first step to a larger role of Japan in the international politics. This understanding manifested itself in so far the most successful attempts to apologize for the policies of Japan in the first half of the XX century, including Prime Minister T.Murayama's statement, issued in 1995, as well as measures to address the so-called"historical issues". By contrast, incumbent Prime Minister S.Abe, who is also striving to increase the role of Japan in the international arena, shows a gradual departure from the above-mentioned strategy on presumption that a "masochistic" view of Japanese history runs counter to its national interests. His statement on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II promoted a thesis on importance to lift "the burden of apologies". Given the fact that it was nevertheless received positively by Tokyo's main ally Washington and did not become an obstacle to political dialogue with Seoul and Beijing, the author suggests that S.Abe will continue step-by-step efforts to remove "historical issues" from the bilateral political and economic agenda with China and South Korea, as well as to erase the link between the necessity to issue apologies, characteristic of the Japanese diplomacy of the 1990s, and a strategy to a larger Japan's role in international politics and security.
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Higashino, Makoto, and Heinz G. Stefan. "Hydro-climatic Change in Japan (1906-2005): Impacts of Global Warming and Urbanization." Air, Soil and Water Research 7 (January 2014): ASWR.S13632. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s13632.
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Hydro-climatic change in Japan from 1906 to 2005 has been analyzed using local climate data from four large metropolitan areas, four cities, and eight rural areas. Mean annual and seasonal air temperature records (Japan Meteorological Agency, JMA) show linear warming trends at all 16 study sites with a strong dependence on population (density). Over the 100 year period investigated, the average warming has been the least (1.06°C) at the rural sites, higher (1.77°C) in the urban areas and cities, and highest (2.70°C) in the large metropolitan areas. The more sparsely populated rural sites had warming trends from 0.73 to 1.24°C per 100 years. In the business district of Tokyo, an average warming of 3.07°C in 100 years was recorded. Warming in Japan has been higher in winter than in summer, and has accelerated significantly since 1981. Average warming at all 16 stations was 3.1 times higher in the recent 25 years (1981-2005) than in the last century (1906-2005). The 1906-2005 average warming at the rural sites (1.06°C) was higher than the global warming reported by the IPCC (0.74°C). Mean annual precipitation has decreased, on average, by 3% (60 mm) number of days with precipitation by 8% (29 days) at the 16 study sites in 100 years (1906-2005), and average daily precipitation intensity has increased by 4%. Annual precipitation amounts have changed the most (7%) in medium sized cities, and the least (2%) at rural study sites; they have also been higher in the warmer south (8%) than in the cooler north (1%) of Japan. Precipitation intensity increases are uncorrelated with air temperatures or their increases. Changes in precipitation from 1906 to 2005 in Japan are more likely caused by global climate change rather than by local urban heat island effects.
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Noritsugu, Toshiro. "Special Issue on Assistive Device Technologies." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 4 (August 20, 1999): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0237.
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Mechatronics is one of the most powerful technologies to overcome various industrial and social problems arising in the 21st century, for example, realization of the recycle manufacturing system, global consideration on the environment, development of human-oriented technology. The 3rd International Conference on Advanced Mechatronics (ICAM’98)-Innovative Mechatronics for the 21st Century hass been held in Okayama August 3-6, 1998, following the 1st and 2nd held in Tokyo in 1988 and 1993, sponsored by the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. The purpose of the conference is to promote the creation of new technologies and industries such as advanced robotics and human-oriented technology for the coming 21st century. Two plenary talks and 35 technical sessions including 11 specially organized sessions were opened. In technical sessions, a total of 149 papers was presented, of which 61 papers were in organized sessions and 88 papers in general sessions. Some 47 papers came from 17 countries abroad and 102 papers from Japan. A number of registered participants excluding invited guests was 40 from other countries and 163 from Japan. After the technical program, the Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics symposium was held for tutorial reviews of future robotics and mechatronics, mainly focusing on ""human collaboration"" technology. More than 100 persons attended the symposium. Organized sessions included Analysis and Control of Robot Manipulators, Modeling and Control of Nonholonomic Underactuated Systems, Human Perspective Characteristics and Virtual Reality, Robotic Hand Design Grasping and Dexterous Manipulation, Healthcare Robotics, Advanced Fluid Power Control Technology, Advanced Robot Kinematics, Human Directed Robotics, Computer Support for Mechatronics System Design, Robotic Control, and Motion Control of Special Motors. Robotics was a main subject, but fluid power technology, fundamental motion control technology, and so on were also discussed. “Human collaboration” technology dealing with interaction between humans and robots attracted great attention from many participants. General sessions included Manufacturing, Vision, Micro Machine, Electric Actuator, Human-Robot Interface, Processing Technology, Fluid Actuator, Legged Locomotion, Control Strategy, Soft-Computing, Vehicle, Automation for Agriculture, Robot Force Control, Vibration, and Robot Application. Many studies have been presented over comprehensive subjects. This special issue has been organized by editing the papers presented at ICAM’98 for widely distributing the significant results of the conference. I would like to thank the authors in this special issue who have contributed their updated papers. Also, I would like to thank to Prof. Makoto Kaneko (Hiroshima University), whose work has been indispensable in organizing this special issue.
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Nagamatsu, Shingo, Masahiro Sawada, Yuichi Ono, Naoto Tanaka, Mayumi Sakamoto, Ryoga Ishihara, Masaru Sakato, Shosuke Sato, and Elizabeth Maly. "Special Issue on Disaster Storytelling, in Commemoration of 2020 TeLL-Net Forum, Kobe, Japan." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0125.
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This special issue of the Journal of Disaster Research focuses on disaster storytelling, an emerging concept in disaster risk reduction. Despite its popularity and importance, its individual practices and activities, as they tend to be spontaneous and local, have received only limited attention from academia and have not been given special attention by the disaster research community. The papers included in this volume contain multi-dimensional discussions on disaster storytelling, including ones that focus on concepts and theory, the functions of disaster museums, tourism, local communities, UNESCO geoparks, disaster ruins and heritage, art and culture, and disaster education. The readers can understand the variety of disaster storytelling activities that exist around the world and their potential contribution to building resilience in society. We believe this issue is the first academic publication to focus specifically on disaster storytelling, and we hope that this volume contributes to creating scientific value, attracts additional attention, and develops further discussions about the role of disaster storytelling within the disaster research community. We also believe that such discussions will help various individuals and entities reidentify the importance and significance of their activities of disaster storytelling as well as contribute to continuing or strengthening such activities around the world. All of the contributors to this issue participated in the International Forum on Telling Live Lessons from Disasters (TeLL-Net Forum), held January 24–26, 2020 in Kobe, Japan. The articles included in this issue include ones that were inspired by discussions during and after the forum. Readers interested in this forum can obtain the official report from the TeLL-Net website: https://tell-net.jp/forum2020/pdf/00_Tell_Net2020_Report_print.pdf. We, the editorial board of this special issue, would like to express our deep appreciation to the Hyogo Earthquake Memorial 21st Century Research Institute for the research grant on disaster storytelling. We also would like to express our gratitude to the Kobe Machizukuri Rokko Island Fund Charitable Trust (Tokyo, Japan) and AIG Institute (Osaka, Japan) for financial contributions that supported the publication of the issue.
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Hassan, Mohamed. "Transition to sustainability in the twenty‐first century: the contribution of science and technology ‐ Report of the World Conference of Scientific Academies held in Tokyo, Japan, 15‐18 May 2000." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 2, no. 1 (March 2001): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/1467630110380523.
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Katayama, Tsuneo. "A Short Note for Dr. Omote’s Review in 1973." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2006): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0025.
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In the preceding article, I have reviewed from my very personal point of view the changes in earthquake disaster mitigation and earthquake engineering issues which took place mainly in the last quarter of the 20 th century in Japan, with a strong emphasis on the influences of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Having read the review by Dr. Omote published in 1973, I was impressed by his comprehensive understanding of the issue which appears fresh even today. He covers from topics on seismology to earthquake design methods which were available and most advanced at that time. His understanding on the general principles of earthquake resistant design was very sound when he wrote, “The ultimate purpose of antiseismic design and construction of structures is to protect human lives. But, such structures may become too expensive from the practical point of view.” He stresses then, “Firstly, try to protect human lives from earthquake destruction, secondly, construct structures strong enough not to be damaged by destructive earthquakes, and thirdly, never let structures severely collapse even though some damage may be allowed for extremely strong motions.” If these principles had been observed by engineers concerned, we would not have experienced such a disaster in Kobe in 1995. Tsuneo Katayama Professor, Tokyo Denki University
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Bing, Dov. "Revisiting the Past: How the Bing Archives Came to Light in Montevideo." Journal of Japonisme 2, no. 2 (July 20, 2017): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24054992-00022p03.
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Siegfried Bing (Hamburg 1838-Paris 1905) and August Bing (Hamburg 1852-Kassel 1918) led the West’s exposure to and interpretation of Japanese arts and crafts at the turn of the nineteenth century. Their collecting, curating and sharing gave rise to an epoch of new artistic feeling in Western visual arts (figs 1 and 2). With August managing the family’s enterprises in Japan and China (1879-1889), Siegfried overseeing the Parisian gallery of Asian art which was to become the Maison de l’Art Nouveau in 1895, and Siegfried’s brother-in-law Michael Baer, Germany’s Honorary Consul in Tokyo, also active, the Bing family exhibited a connoisseurship and taste for adventure that redefined the collecting and making of art. The family’s travels, artistic discoveries and collecting of Asian objects became widely known through Siegfried Bing’s writings, the efforts of researchers to retrace the gallery’s inventory, and recent scholarship and exhibitions devoted to Siegfried Bing. My family worked from 2004 to 2009 to continue to preserve the Bing legacy by re-securing the hitherto undiscovered photographic, cartographic, business and personal correspondence archives of Siegfried and August Bing and Michael Baer. The efforts of my son Ira, his wife Genevieve, my wife Maru and me, which between us involved five journeys to Montevideo, Uruguay, are recounted here.
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Harada, Ippei, Keitarou Hara, Mizuki Tomita, Kevin Short, and Jonggeol Park. "Monitoring Landscape Changes in Japan Using Classification of Modis Data Combined with a Landscape Transformation Sere (LTS) Model." Journal of Landscape Ecology 7, no. 3 (January 29, 2015): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2014-0019.
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Abstract Japan, with over 75% forest cover, is one of the most heavily forested countries in the world. Various types of climax forest are distributed according to latitude and altitude. At the same time, human intervention in Japan has historically been intensive, and many forest habitats show the influence of various levels of disturbance. Furthermore, Japanese landscapes are changing rapidly, and a system of efficient monitoring is needed. The aim of this research was to identify major historical trends in Japanese landscape change and to develop a system for identifying and monitoring patterns of landscape change at the national level. To provide a base for comparison, Warmth Index (WI) climatic data was digitalized and utilized to map potential climax vegetation for all of Japan. Extant Land Use Information System (LUIS) data were then modified and digitalized to generate national level Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) distribution maps for 1900, 1950 and 1985. In addition, MODIS data for 2001 acquired by the Tokyo University of Information Sciences were utilized for remote LU/LC classification using an unsupervised method on multi-temporal composite data. Eight classification categories were established using the ISODATA (cluster analyses) method; alpine plant communities, evergreen coniferous forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed forest, arable land (irrigated rice paddy, non-irrigated, grassland), urban area, river and marsh. The results of the LUIS analyses and MODIS classifications were interpreted in terms of a Landscape Transformation Sere model assuming that under increasing levels of human disturbance the landscape will change through a series of stages. The results showed that overall forest cover in Japan has actually increased over the century covered by the data; from 72.1% in 1900 to 76.9% in 2001. Comparison of the actual vegetation and the potential vegetation as predicted by WI, however, indicated that in many areas the climax vegetation has been replaced by secondary forests such as conifer timber plantations. This trend was especially strong in the warm and mid temperate zones of western Japan. This research also demonstrated that classification of moderate resolution remote sensing data, interpreted within a LTS framework, can be an effective tool for efficient and repeat monitoring of landscape changes at the national level. In the future, the authors plan to continue utilizing this approach to track rapidly occurring changes in Japanese landscapes at the national level.
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Paek, Seunghan, and Dai Whan An. "Missionary Architecture and Hybrid Modernity in Colonial Korea: The Case of Yonsei University." Open House International 42, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2017-b0002.
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This article explores the hybrid modernity made through missionary architectural practices during colonial Korea, by examining how the master plan of Yonsei University, one of the earliest mission schools in Korea, has gone through a unique evolutionary process throughout the convoluted modern history of the twentieth century. In doing so, this article conducts a thorough visual and spatial analysis of the given case with two emphases: first, analyzing three campus master plans—produced in 1917, 1925, and 2016 respectively—in a comparative way; and second, analyzing the layout and façade composition of major buildings that comprise the campus in great details. These master plans are crucial evidences enabling us to investigate the transatlantic architectural practices in early 20th century, as Henry K. Murphy, the architect in charge of the first two master plans of Yonsei University, was one who had long practiced in New York and greatly admired the values of Asian architecture through a series of field trips to major Asian cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Tokyo, and Seoul. While the 1917 master plan was in part influenced by the Western precedents, as well as ones from Japan and China some of which Murphy himself was involved in as a master architect the 1925 case deviates from it and illustrates multiple points of transformation that go beyond spatial symmetry and visual harmony. The 1925 one is marked by the rearranged spatial disposition and façade composition of dormitories and residential halls as influenced by the geographical peculiarities of Korea at that time. Long after the revision, the third, 2016, version illustrates the much expanded, triangular shape toward the south with added buildings and facilities, while the entombment area and other historical fragments in the upper part are well preserved. Hence, this article claims that the case of Yonsei University elicits the hybridization of missionary architectural practices and local Korean culture throughout the twentieth century, which is neither subsumed by the missionaries' imposition of design ideas nor bound by the authentically Korean tradition of design.
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Inoue, Tsuyoshi, Yoko Sugawara, Atsushi Nakagawa, and Masaki Takata. "Japanese Crystallography in Culture and Art." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314086951.
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"We can find many seeds of crystallography in Japanese culture. Most of the family crests have symmetry elements such as rotation axes and mirror symmetry elements. Sekka-zue, a picture book of 86 kinds of crystals of snow, was made by Toshitura Doi, who is a feudal lord in Edo-period and he observed snow using a microscope in nineteenth century. In recent years, people enjoy to make crystal structures, polyhedrons, carbon nanotube, quasicrystal etc. by origami, the art of folding paper [1]. In the field of science, the Japanese crystallography has contributed to explore culture and art. An excellent example is unveiling the original color of Japanese painting "Red and White Plum Blossoms" by Korin Ogata [2]. Prof. Izumi Nakai (Tokyo University of Science) developed an X-ray fluorescence analyzer and an X-ray powder diffractometer designated to the investigation of cultural and art works and had succeeded in reproducing the silver-colored waves through computer graphics after X-ray analyses of crystals on the painting. The scientific approach by Prof. Nakai et al. unveiled the mystery of cultural heritage of ancient near east, ancient Egypt etc. and is being to contribute to insight into the history of human culture. [1] An event to enjoy making crystals by origami is under contemplation. [2] The symposium ""Crystallography which revives heritages"" was held on February 16, 2014 at Atami in Japan."
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Kazashi, Nobuo. "Thaumazein at the Nuclear Anthropocene." Philosophy and Global Affairs 1, no. 1 (2021): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pga2021284.
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This reflective essay brings to light the career and thought of nuclear chemist Jinzaburo Takagi (1938–2000), who devoted his whole career to the critique of nuclear power generation and the promotion of citizen-centered science. Looking at his life history, one recognizes some clear turning points. However, Takagi’s true engagement with the nuclear question began when he came face-to-face with the ubiquitous contamination of the earth by human-made radiation. It was a deep, revelatory astonishment that shook Takagi into radical questioning of his vocation as a scientist. It was, so to speak, an experience of “thaumazein at the nuclear anthropocene,” involving his whole person as a human being. In 1975 Takagi co-founded Citizens’ Nuclear Information Center in Tokyo, and he became a catalytic “citizen scientist” in the anti-nuclear power movements through his nation-wide and international activities spanning over a quarter-century. Takagi was a prolific and engaged writer, and he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 1997. Soon after, however, he was diagnosed with a variety of last-stage cancers. He penned books entitled To Live as a Citizen-Scientist, Liberation from Nuclear Power: Nine Spells that Would Annihilate Japan, and Why Are Nuclear Accidents Repeated? These books would be read widely, though quite belatedly and with deep regret, after the Fukushima disaster in 2011. This essay is a look at the warning messages Takagi emphasized in the books he left as his testaments not to repeat the disaster.
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Hanazato, Toshikazu, Chikahiro Minowa, Yasushi Niitsu, Kazuhiko Nitto, Naohito Kawai, Hideyuki Maekawa, and Masayuki Morii. "Seismic and Wind Performance of Five-Storied Pagoda of Timber Heritage Structure." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.79.
Full textAbstract:
In Japan, there exist a total of 22 five-storied timber pagodas constructed before the middle of 19 centuries. All of those pagodas are registered as the important cultural heritages by Japanese Government, while some of them are listed in World Cultural Heritages such as Horyu-ji Temple’s Pagoda that was built in the end of 7th century. As those timber pagodas in seismic areas have survived against earthquakes during their long histories, their earthquake resistant capacity has been studied for a century. However, the actual dynamic behaviors of timber pagodas subjected to large earthquakes should be recorded to understand the seismic performance. Furthermore, an interesting structural issue has recently risen of wind resistant capacity of traditional five-storied timber pagodas, as such tall timber structures may be severely affected by strong wind. In order to record the actual dynamic behaviors during not only earthquakes but also typhoons, we have been conducting earthquake and wind monitoring at Hokekyou-ji Temple in Ichikawa City, next to Tokyo, which has survived for 4 centuries against not only large earthquakes but also severe typhoons. Hence, while the earthquake monitoring has been done by the conventional method utilizing accelerometers, the dynamic displacement of the structural response to wind has been directly measured by a new technique employing an image process system using LED makers and CCD camera, because the wind response includes much longer period component in general, therefore, it must be difficult to measure accurately the wind response by accelerometers. The scope of the present paper are 1) to review the past studies to understand the excellent earthquake resistance of five-storied timber pagodas, as well as, to introduce our research project of seismic and wind monitoring that has been successfully conducted since 2007, 2) to interpret those monitoring records which would be useful for understanding seismic and wind performance of the heritage timber pagodas that have survived for many centuries with describing the simulation analysis of seismic response, and 3) to show the long term monitoring records of the horizontal displacement of the heritage structure.
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Kajitani, Makoto. "A Concept of Mechatronics." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 1, no. 1 (June 20, 1989): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1989.p0008.
Full textAbstract:
In Celebration of the Appearance of the New Journal Ichiro Kato Ex-President, Robotics Society of Japan., Professor, Waseda University It is a great honor for me to extend my congratulations on the occasion of the foundation of this new journal of robotics and mechatronics. Although several academic societies and industrial associations in Japan publish periodicals dealing with robotics and mechatronics, there is no English edition in these fields. It is thus a breakthrough for such an English journal to be published in this country. Since I believe that the development of robotics and mechatronics will be best attained by close international cooperation, I hope this journal will contribute to the promotion of cooperation in these fields. H ere, let me introduce my commitment to robotics. I started a study on artificial hands in 1963. But as a matter of fact, I did not know then that the first industrial robots had appeared in the United States in 1962. Just after the first symposium on robotics held in Tokyo in 1967, certain kinds of robots for industrial use developed in the United States were exhibited in the Harumi Trade Centre in Tokyo. These matters ignited the research and development of robots in Japan. Robots are based on the combined technology of mechanisms and electronics, and robotics has come to play a leading role in the present industrialized world. Industrial robots now have an important place in industrial fields. I forecast that robots will coexist with mankind and assist us not only in industrial fields but also in almost all situations such as welfare and our personal lives. As is well known, Japan is one of the centers in the world for robotics and mechatronics. That is the reason why I celebrate the new publication of this journal in Japan. It will be of significance to achieve greater international exchange of information and ideas by overcoming the barrier of the Japanese language. For the prospects of future robots - my robot, a personal or domestic robot - which will appear in the 21st century, I expect that this journal will play an important role. In Celebration of the Foundation of the ""Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics"" Makoto Kajitani Professor, The University of Electro-Communications It goes without saying that most manufactured products sustammg the recent Japanese industrial growth depend on mechatronics-based technology. Born in Japan in the middle of the 1970's, ""Mechatronics"" has now become a common word in the world, attaining the concept of a central or leading technology in today's industries with its progress. To our regret, however, no mechatronics-professed journal was found either in Japan or worldwide. It is a feat of planning in order to meet the expectations of engineers and researchers engaged in the study of mechatronics in all countries that the first international journal is being published for the world in Japan from which mechatronics originated. As one of the researchers looking forward to the development of mechatronics, I wish to express my gratitude and pleasure. Mechatronics is a technology contriving to create value added through composition and fusion. Mechatronics-like conception is seen in the recent trends of industrial fields to search for new germs of alternation and fusion among different technologies or industries. We are in a time of creating new value through international fusion not only in the branch of technology but also in the spheres of politics and economy. The ultimate aim of developing mechatronics is to be of help to people's mental sufficiency and serenity. For this purpose, grounds are wanted for spiritual fusion among mechatronics engineers or researchers. I hope that this journal will not only be destined for the scientific phase but carry out an interphasic role for international intercourse among engineers and researchers. It is an undeserved honor for me to be favored on the occasion of the foundation of this journal with the opportunity to offer my congratulations. I express my heartfelt wish that this journal will play a pivotal role in interchanging information related to robotics and mechatronics. Congratulatory Messages Russell H. Taylor Editor, IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation Congratulations on the establishment of the International Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics. I am confident that your new journal will make a significant contribution to the wider dissemination of the considerable body of excellent research that has hitherto been published in Japanese. I am looking forward to reading it.