Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cephalometric Norms / Journal articles
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Cephalometric Norms.

Journal articles on the topic 'Cephalometric Norms'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Cephalometric Norms.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Chiurupatya, Lalitha, Anupriya Jaitly, Vasumurthy Sesham, and Sri Harsha Yelchuru. "Evaluation of Composite Cephalometric Norms in South Indian Subjects." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 5, no. 2 (2015): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v5i2.15221.

Full text
Abstract:
Introduction: Cephalometrics is an important diagnostic tool in formulating comprehensive treatment planning in orthodontics. Different norms for different ethnic groups are essential to achieve accurate treatment results.Objective: The present study aims in standardizing norms for composite cephalometric analysis in South Indian subjects.Materials & Method: A sample size of 40 subjects included 20 males and 20 females of age ranging between 18-30 years represented South Indian sample. Patients’ cephalogram was taken in the natural head position. Individual norms from various cephalometric analyses were taken and synthesized into a composite analysis based on the idea of diagnostic block were evaluated.Results: Parameters like upper incisor to NA, lower incisor to NB, interincisal angle, IMPA and upper incisor to SN suggested increased values indicating proclination of anterior teeth and mild convexity of soft tissues to be esthetically acceptable in South Indian subjects.Conclusion: Different set of cephalometric norms for different ethnic groups should be formulated so as to guide the orthodontist and surgeon to optimize the treatment plan based on local norms
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Nitesh, Gaur, Choudhary Vivek, Patel Priyanka, Pathan Sameer, Pai Shubhada, and Babu Benet. "Evaluation of Cephalometric Norms for COGS Analysis in Bhopal Population." People's Journal of Scientific Research 15, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8213979.

Full text
Abstract:
Cephalometrics for Orthognathic Surgery (COGS) parameters of hard and soft tissue of one state population in India  cannot be applied to another group. So, it becomes necessary to understand the cephalometric norms in populations of  different state. The aim     of the study was to determine the hard tissue cephalometric norms for orthodontic sequency  applicable to the population of Madhya Pradesh using HP plane as reference plane. The study was conducted in Department  of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Mansarovar Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal. The  present analysis was made on lateral cephalograms. Horizental Plane (HP) is used as base line for comparison of most of the  data in this analysis. The cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery were done on 130 Class I patients. The mean values  for the COGS analysis was significantly different from the normal. There were significant difference in the COGS value for  both males and females. These values were recommended for use in the orthognathic surgery done on the central Indian  population. The cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery found in the study done on central Indian population were  significantly different than the norm of the Caucasian population. The norms for the Indian population are taken into account  during orthognathic treatment planning.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Patla, Murali, Sonika Achalli, K. Saidath, Crystal Runa Soans, and U. S. Krishna Nayak. "Cephalometric Norms for Orthognathic Surgery in Kerala Population." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 07, no. 01 (2017): 045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708695.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractBackground and objectives: The successful treatment of orthognathic surgical patient is dependent on careful diagnosis. The first step in the diagnosis of the patient for orthognathic surgery is to determine the nature of the skeletal, dental and soft tissue defects. Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery (COGS) analysis by Burstone and colleagues is especially adapted for the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthognathic surgery cases. Burstone and colleagues' COGS analysis are based on Caucasian whites; they may not be applicable as a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of Kerala population patients. Therefore it has become important to determine the cephalometric parameters for this ethnic group. Methodology: Cephalometric radiographs of 50 Keralite adults (25 Males and 25 Females) were analysed who met criteria of the study. The Mean values of various skeletal, dental, angular and linear measurements of Keralites were compared with the White Americans values, originally obtained by Burstone. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the Keralite samples, who had a greater Anterior and Posterior Cranial base length, Mandibular protrusion, Lower anterior facial heights, Anterior and Posterior Dental heights, Proclined Upper and Lower incisor with less Prominent Chin in comparison to Caucasian. Interpretation and conclusion: This is indicative of disparity between cephalometric norms of Caucasians and Keralites. However conclusions can't be drawn from a single study, hence further studies to establish the cephalometric norms for different ethnic groups across the country may be advisable.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Řeháček, Adam, M. Janega, P. Hofmanová, and T. Dostálová. "Cephalometric Floating Norms for Czech Adults." Prague Medical Report 113, no. 4 (2012): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2015.10.

Full text
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to establish floating cephalometric norms for the description of the individual skeletal pattern in Czech adults. Floating norms provide a method of analysis that uses the variability of the associations among suitable cephalometric measures, on the basis of the regression model combining both sagittal and vertical skeletal parameters. Harmony box is a simple and useful tool for diagnostics of orthodontic anomalies according to individual cephalometric norms. 118 subjects, 53 male and 65 female, from Czech population were selected. The method of multiple regression analysis was used to determine interdependence among five cephalometric variables of the sample. Linear regression equations with corresponding r2 and standard error of the estimate (SE) were then illustrated as the harmony box. The results construct a harmony box based on correlated cephalometric variables. The multiple regression analysis of the data is graphically illustrated as a harmony schema which divides harmony box in three zones according to the type of the face – prognathic, orthognathic and retrognathic. The cephalometric floating norms describing the individual craniofacial pattern among Czech adults were established based on five correlated variables in the form of a harmony box.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Govinakovi, Prashantha S., Ibrahim Al-Busaidi, and Viswapurna Senguttuvan. "Cephalometric Norms in an Omani Adult Population of Arab Descent." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 18, no. 2 (2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2018.18.02.010.

Full text
Abstract:
Objectives: This study aimed to establish cephalometric norms for an Omani population of Arab descent and to compare these with established cephalometric values for Caucasians. Methods: This cross-sectional studywas conducted at the Military Dental Centre and Oman Dental College in Muscat, Oman, between May 2014 and October 2016. A total of 150 Omani patients between 20–29 years old seeking orthodontic treatment were included. All participants had a symmetrical face, class I molar and canine relationships, proper intercuspation, a normal overjet/overbite (<3 mm) and mild spacing/crowding of the teeth (≤3 mm). Lateral cephalography was performed in centric occlusion with the lips relaxed and the head in a natural position. Cephalometric measurements were then compared with Eastman Standard norms. Results: The Omani subjects were found to have a slightly retrusive maxilla, an increased angle between the maxillary and mandibular planes and shorter facial heights in comparison to the Eastman Standard norms. Furthermore, incisor relations were edge-to-edge in nature and the interincisal angle was reduced, suggesting that the Omani subjects had more proclined incisors. In addition, the lips were more protrusive and the nasolabial angle was more obtuse. Conclusion: In the Omani sample, increased proclination of the incisors was observed in comparison to Eastman Standard norms. As such, slightly more proclined incisors should be considered acceptable and natural among Omani patients of Arab descent. The cephalometric findings of this study may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic problems among Omanis of Arab descent.Keywords: Cephalometry, standards; Population Characteristics; Ethnic Groups; Arabs; Orthodontics; Oman.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ziyad Jamil Al-Talabani, Shaho. "The Application of Tetragon Analysis in A Sample of Kurdish Adult Population with Class I Occlusion:A Cephalometric Study." Diyala Journal of Medicine 20, no. 1 (2021): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26505/djm.20015871213.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: Visual cephalometric analysis is a simple, logical, and accurate diagnostic tool for the student, the clinician, and the researcher. The analysis is elicited from two geometric constructs, the Tetragon and the Trigon. Objective: To determine the cephalometric norms as per Fastlicht’s analysis for male and female subjects of the Kurdish population and to compare these cephalometric norms with Fastlicht’s norms, average Caucasian norms, and Iraqi (non-Kurdish) norms. Patients and Methods: The cephalometric radiographs of 63 individuals, 25males, mean age 23.01 ±2.9 years, and 38 females, mean age 23 ± 3.2 years, were selected. FACAD 3.4.0.3, an orthodontic tracing software for cephalometric analysis and treatment planning, was used to digitally trace the reference points and reference lines for the tetragon analysis. Results: The statistical differences between the data of the Iraqi Kurdish population and the data of Fastlich, average Caucasian, and Iraqi non-Kurdish population were significant. Conclusion: The data of the Kurdish population is different from that of Fastlich and non-Kurdish Iraqi data. It is recommended to use this study's findings to get a more accurate result for the Iraqi Kurdish population when using tetragon analysis. Keywords: Tetragon Analysis; Cephalometric; Visual cephalometric analysis
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Alcalde, Rafael E., Tokiari Jinno, M. Anthony Pogrel, and Tomobiro Matsumura. "Cephalometric norms in Japanese adults." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 56, no. 2 (1998): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-2391(98)90849-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Rani, M. S., and Hussein El Faituri. "Cephalometric norms for libyan population." Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section) 22, no. 2 (2008): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0970-2199(08)22001-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Ajayi, Emmanuel Olubusayo. "Cephalometric norms of Nigerian children." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 128, no. 5 (2005): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.07.002.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Al-Balkhi, Khalid M. "Orthodontic Treatment Planning: Do Orthodontists Treat to Cephalometric Norms?" Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 4, no. 4 (2003): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-4-4-12.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Cephalometric norms are important to orthodontists in their diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcomes. The purpose of the present study is to establish if orthodontists treat and finish their cases to the cephalometric means or norms. Pre- and post-cephalometric radiographs and dental casts of 35 orthodontically treated cases were analyzed. The Kappa test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, Paired t- test, and Z-test were used for the statistical analysis of the data. The result revealed that orthodontists do not reach the cephalometric mean values post-treatment. However, sagittal maxillomandibular relationship and interlabial gap are the main areas of improvements. This leads to improvement of soft tissue esthetics by camouflaging the skeletal and dental relationship. Citation Al-Balkhi KM. Orthodontic Treatment Planning: Do Orthodontists Treat to Cephalometric Norms? J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 November;(4)4:012-027.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Wu, John, Urban Hägg, and A. Bakr M. Rabie. "Chinese Norms of McNamara's Cephalometric Analysis." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 1 (2007): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/021606-62r.1.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Objective: To establish cephalometric norms of McNamara's analysis in young Chinese and compare them to those of a matched young Caucasian sample. Materials and Methods: The material comprised lateral cephalometric radiographs of a random sample of 200 male and 205 female 12-year-old southern Chinese children, and an additional sample of 43 male and 43 female 12-year-old British Caucasian children in Hong Kong. The radiographs were digitized twice with the CASSOS program. Results: The results showed that there were statistically significant gender differences for six out of the 11 cephalometric variables in the Chinese, but for only one variable in the Caucasians. The size of the statistically significant gender differences varied from −0.3 to 0.4 on SD scores. There were statistically significant ethnic differences for eight variables in males and seven variables in females. The size of the observed statistically significant ethnic differences varied from −1.8 to 1.6 on SD scores. Conclusion: The use of specific standards for Chinese, separate for gender, for McNamara's cephalometric analysis seems to be justified.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Mustafa Chalabee, Botan A., and Bayan A. Hassan. "Cephalometric Norms of Erbil Kurdish Adults." Polytechnic Journal 10, no. 1 (2020): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v10n1y2020.pp130-134.

Full text
Abstract:
Ethical group might have differential skeletal forms, thus cephalometric analysis and orthodontic material have been developed for specific ethnic groups which might be different for Kurdish Ethics.Objectives: This study is to determine the cephalometric norms of an Erbil Kurdish population according to Steiner analysis, who attend to Tishk Hospital/Diagnosis Department Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 48 lateral cephalograms of adult orthodontic subjects between 20 and 29 years with normal occlusion, and with no previous orthodontic treatment were evaluated. Lateral cephalograms were traced and analyzed based on Steiner’s cephalometric parameters. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Differences between Erbil Kurdish and Steiner’s norms were analyzed using one-sample t-test (P < 0.05). Results: The SNA, ML-NSL (Mandibular Line to NS line), U1-NA (both angular and linear measurements), interincisal angle, L1-NB (angular only), Pog-NB, L1-Pog//NB, Ls-SL, and Li-SL values were significantly different between the Erbil Kurdish population and Steiner’s norms (P < 0.05). No significant differences existed in Occl-SN (occlusal plane to SN) and L1-Nb (linear only), SNB, and ANB between the Erbil Kurdish population and the Steiner’s norms (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Cephalometric norms for Erbil Kurdish adults are different from those of Steiner’s norms. The norms obtained in our study can be used for orthodontic treatments and orthognathic surgeries in Erbil Kurdish population.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Hutovska, I. O., Ye Ye Vyzhenko, V. D. Kuroiedova, and L. B. Halych. "DIAGNOSTIC CAPABILITIES OF CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN ORTHODONTICS." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 24, no. 4 (2024): 283–89. https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.4.283.

Full text
Abstract:
Advancements in medical technology, particularly in computer software, have facilitated the use of 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for craniofacial cephalometry, which plays a crucial role in assessing and quantifying anatomical anomalies in three dimensions. However, a standardized method or algorithm for utilizing 3D CBCT in cephalometry has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to analyze and systematize scientific literature available in the PubMed electronic database regarding the use of 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for cephalometric diagnosis in orthodontics. The analysis focused on the following areas: scientific articles describing methods for performing cephalometric analysis using CBCT; applications of CBCT-based cephalometric analysis for diagnosing dentofacial anomalies, treatment planning, and evaluating the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment; sStudies establishing cephalometric norms based on CBCT; analysis of tongue position in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment; evaluation of alveolar bone conditions of the jaws using CBCT; use of CBCT in diagnosing genetic disorders of the craniofacial region and associated pathologies; studies on the temporomandibular joint in orthodontic patients; morphological analysis of the lower jaw muscles; assessment of airway morphology using 3D CBCT. Thus, we can conclude that radiographic examination is an essential component of diagnosing and planning orthodontic treatment. It enables a detailed analysis of the facial skeleton's structure and its relationship with surrounding soft tissues, leading to a more accurate diagnosis. Cephalometric measurements performed on 3D CBCT images are more precise and reliable compared to those conducted on conventional radiographic images. Additionally, 3D CBCT provides comprehensive data for orthodontic analysis, eliminating the need for additional cephalometric radiographs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Řeháček, A., M. Janega, P. Hofmanová, P. Michalík, and T. Dostálová. "Cephalometric Norms of Czech Population Sample." Česká stomatologie/Praktické zubní lékařství 111, no. 6 (2011): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51479/cspzl.2011.042.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Řeháček, A., M. Janega, P. Hofmanová, P. Michalík, and T. Dostálová. "Cephalometric Norms of Czech Population Sample." Česká stomatologie/Praktické zubní lékařství 111, no. 6 (2011): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51479/cspzl.2011.042.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Fouda, Ahmed, Essam Nassar, and Yasmine Hammad. "MCNAMARA’S CEPHALOMETRIC NORMS OF EGYPTIAN CHILDREN." Egyptian Dental Journal 63, no. 4 (2017): 2923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/edj.2017.75974.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Mishra, Mitali, Jitendra Kumar Dash, Jayant Kumar Dash, Surya Kanta Das, and Prasanna Kumar Sahoo. "Cephalometric norms in coastal Odisha children." Journal of Contemporary Orthodontics 6, no. 3 (2022): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jco.2022.020.

Full text
Abstract:
To establish cephalometric norms (skeletal and dental) for Coastal Odisha population of India and to compare it with other Caucasian norms. The Lateral cephalograms of 60 children of 9-16 year age group with normal occlusion and pleasant profile were taken and cephalometric norms were established using Down’s, Steiner’s, Tweeds, Wits, Bjork, Jarabak, McNamara, Ricketts and Schwarz analysis. The study concluded that Overall dimension of cranial base, maxilla and mandible are smaller in Coastal Odia children than that of Caucasians. Odia children are having more proclined upper and lower incisors and smaller upper and lower dental height in anterior and posterior region, steeper mandibular plane angle, greater upper and lower lip prominence but lesser upper lip thickness and strain than Caucasian population.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Anh, TranTuan, TranVan Dang, NguyenPhan Hong An, VoTruong Nhu Ngoc, NguyenThi Thu Phuong, and LeQuynh Anh. "Cephalometric norms for the Vietnamese population." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 6, no. 4 (2016): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-1407.186435.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Al Sabbagh, Rabab. "Syrian Norms of Mcnamara Cephalometric Analysis." International Arab Journal of Dentistry 5, no. 3 (2014): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0028756.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Aydemir, Halise, Zaur Novruzov, and Ufuk Toygar-Memikoğlu. "Turkish Norms of McNamara's Cephalometric Analysis." Turkish Journal of Orthodontics 27, no. 3 (2014): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.13076/tjo-d-14-00017.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Ousehal, Lahcen, Laila Lazrak, and Amine Chafii. "Cephalometric norms for a Moroccan population." International Orthodontics 10, no. 1 (2012): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ortho.2011.12.001.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Hamdan, A. M., and W. P. Rock. "Cephalometric Norms in an Arabic Population." Journal of Orthodontics 28, no. 4 (2001): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ortho/28.4.297.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Uysal, Tancan, and Zafer Sari. "Posteroanterior cephalometric norms in Turkish adults." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 127, no. 3 (2005): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.11.028.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Uysal, Tancan, and Sıddık Malkoc. "Submentovertex cephalometric norms in Turkish adults." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 128, no. 6 (2005): 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.09.027.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Kumar, BSyam, VPadma Shree, and P. Revathi. "Dentofacial Cephalometric Norms for Hyderabad Population." Journal of Orofacial Sciences 1, no. 1 (2009): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0975-8844.103731.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Nambiar, Karthika. "Comparative Evaluation Of Schwarz Analysis In Adult Male And Female Population Of Vidarbha Region- A Pilot Study." DMIMS Journal of Dental Research 5, no. 1 (2021): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54054/jodr.2021512.

Full text
Abstract:
Introduction: Cephalometric norms are essential and consistent measures that aid in determining the degree of deviation from normality. There have been various studies that have concluded that the cephalometric norms of one ethnic group should not be regarded as normal and should not be generalised to other ethnic groups. Aiding to the need for determining norms for an individual population, we conducted this study in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, aiming to create norms for Schwarz analysis and compare the male and female population of Vidarbha region. Material and methodology: Lateral cephalograms of 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) were traced and cephalometric measurement for Schwarz analysis were noted for males and females respectively. Results: statistically significant results were obtained and norms were created for the male and female population of Vidarbha.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Patel, Purv Shashank, Purv S. Patel, and M. Ganesh. "CEPHALOMETRIC NORMS FOR GUJARATI CHILDREN - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 4 (2020): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i4.2020.42.

Full text
Abstract:
Introduction: Orthodontists have relied on cephalometric radiographs for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning since the advent of cephalometric radiography. The variations in different ethnic groups within the same country creates a need for cephalometric norms for each of such ethnic groups. McNamara’s analysis is the most commonly used and most suitable for diagnosis and treatment planning.
 Aim: The study aims to formulate cephalometric norms for Gujarati boys and girls using McNamara’s analysis.
 Materials & Method: The sample of children for the study was selected from the government funded primary schools of Gujarat. The sample size consisted of 250 school going Gujarati children (125 boys and 125 girls) with age ranging from 9 to 12 years.
 Materials & Method: A digital lateral cephalograph was taken under standard conditions for all children and manual tracings were done for identifying all cephalometric landmarks. The analysis was done using McNamara’s analysis and statistical analysis was done
 Statistical Analysis: Gender differences were calculated using student’s t test. The software was utilized to calculate the mean value, standard deviation, range, maximum and minimum values for all parameters of McNamara’s analysis for Gujarati boys as well as girls. The inter examiner variability was tested using Karl Pearson correlation test.
 Results: The mean and standard deviation with minimum values, maximum values and range for each of 11 parameters were calculated for all male and female subjects. The gender differences were also calculated for all subjects.
 Conclusion: This study introduces cephalometric norms for the mixed dentition period using McNamara Analysis for Gujarati children residing in Ahmedabad – Gandhinagar districts of Gujarat which can be utilized for orthodontic treatment in the future.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Dr., Purva B. Butala, Purv S. Patel Dr., and M. Ganesh Dr. "CEPHALOMETRIC NORMS FOR GUJARATI CHILDREN - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 8, no. 4 (2020): 313–26. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i4.2020.42.

Full text
Abstract:
Introduction: Orthodontists have relied on cephalometric radiographs for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning since the advent of cephalometric radiography. The variations in different ethnic groups within the same country creates a need for cephalometric norms for each of such ethnic groups. McNamara’s analysis is the most commonly used and most suitable for diagnosis and treatment planning. Aim: The study aims to formulate cephalometric norms for Gujarati boys and girls using McNamara’s analysis. Materials & Method: The sample of children for the study was selected from the government funded primary schools of Gujarat. The sample size consisted of 250 school going Gujarati children (125 boys and 125 girls) with age ranging from 9 to 12 years. Materials & Method: A digital lateral cephalograph was taken under standard conditions for all children and manual tracings were done for identifying all cephalometric landmarks. The analysis was done using McNamara’s analysis and statistical analysis was done Statistical Analysis: Gender differences were calculated using student’s t test. The software was utilized to calculate the mean value, standard deviation, range, maximum and minimum values for all parameters of McNamara’s analysis for Gujarati boys as well as girls. The inter examiner variability was tested using Karl Pearson correlation test. Results: The mean and standard deviation with minimum values, maximum values and range for each of 11 parameters were calculated for all male and female subjects. The gender differences were also calculated for all subjects. Conclusion: This study introduces cephalometric norms for the mixed dentition period using McNamara Analysis for Gujarati children residing in Ahmedabad – Gandhinagar districts of Gujarat which can be utilized for orthodontic treatment in the future.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Kumari, Lalima, and Anuranjan Das. "Determination of Tweed's cephalometric norms in Bengali population." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 03 (2017): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_274_16.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish Tweed's cephalometric norms for Indian Bengali population and to compare it with Caucasian norms. Materials and Methods: The participants were of 50 adults with normal occlusion and pleasant profile. Lateral cephalograms were taken in natural head position, and cephalometric norms were established using Tweeds diagnostic triangle. Results: The study showed more proclined lower incisors in comparison with Caucasians. The result of the study also indicated that separate norms should be considered for Bengali males and females during diagnosis and treatment planning as mean Frankfort mandibular angle value for females was found to be significantly higher than that of males (t 48= 2.97; P < 0.01) and the mean value of incisor mandibular plane angle for males was significantly higher than that of females. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need for group-specific norms for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning and provide cephalometric standards for normal Bengali adults.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Hashim, Hayder Abdalla, Imen Gsouma, Sally Said Ahmed, and Mohamed Hayder Hashim. "Cephalometric Norms in Sudanese Sample: A Pilot Study." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 5, no. 2 (2023): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.2.1646.

Full text
Abstract:
Aims: In this study, cephalometric norms for Sudanese with class I normal occlusion were introduced, and the results were compared to those from other studies in various populations. Materials and Methods: 29 cephalographs with ages ranging from 18 to 25 made up the sample. The selection criteria were met by all competitors. After that, cephalometric findings were compared to earlier findings from research among reported Arabs, as well as research among Oriental and Black races. Results: When compared to Caucasian cephalometric norms, Sudanese showed greater mean values of the sagittal and vertical relationships. The inter-incisal angle decreased, and the upper and lower incisors were proclined in reference to their dental bases. The soft tissue variables show that the nasolabial angle was less acute and that the lips were slightly protruding in relation to Rickett's esthetic line. Black and Oriental races, as well as Arab populations possessed bimaxillary proclination and protrusion of the upper and lower incisors, whereas Caucasians had retrusive dentition. Conclusion: Due to the small sample size, drawing a firm conclusion is challenging. Therefore, it is advised to use large sample sizes for both sexes in order to establish cephalometric norms, which will be very beneficial to not only orthodontists but also oral and maxillofacial surgeons, as well as pedodontist.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Djordjevic, Aleksandrija, Jasna Pavlovic, Vladanka Vukicevic, Amila Vujacic, Sanja Simic, and Brankica Martinovic. "Harmony concept of craniofacial morphology among young Serbian population on Kosovo and Metohia." Vojnosanitetski pregled, no. 00 (2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp201119045d.

Full text
Abstract:
Background/Aim. Analysis of cephalometric value of profile radiographs are very important for orthodontic diagnosis and planning of therapy. These values differ morphologically in dependence of ethic and racial affiliation. Aim of this study was to confirm variations of cephalometric norms and extent of their value, and according to them confirm the harmony concept of craniofacial morphology among young Serbian population on Kosovo and Metohia. Methods. This retrospective study comprised 183 profile radiograms from Kosovo and Metohia, aged 8-33, from which Class I was ascertained among 82 patients (53 female and 29 male). Five cephalometric angles were measured and analysed. Pearson correlation coefficients was used to define the strength of correlation between the five variables. Bivariable linear regression was used to form harmonious combinations of individual values in insight of craniofacial harmonious form. Multiple regression and standard error were used to form harmonious schema. Results. Linear regression equations were used to define cephalometric floating norms. They have helped us form a harmonious box and harmonious schema of craniofacial norms of the participants. Extent of harmonious value for orthognathic profile varies for SNA 78? - 81?, SNB 75.1? - 78.1?, NL-NSL 11.5? - 5.5?, NSBa 134.7? - 125.8? and ML-NSL 40.5? - 30.6?. Conclusion. Cephalometric floating norms that describe the individual craniofacial pattern among young Serbian population on Kosovo and Metohia, determined and defined of five cephalometric variables, are presented in the form of harmonious box and harmonious schema and can accurately determine the craniofacial pattern.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Kamble, Ashwini, Sandeep Jethe, Varsha Merani, Shailesh Dongre, Arun Mhaske, and Suyog Shendage. "Ascertainment of Tweed?s Cephalometric Norms in Maratha Ethnic Population." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 14, no. 2 (2025): 607–12. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr25206191637.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Meena, Randheer, Divyaroop Rai, Mridula Trehan, Garima Gupta, Shashank Gupta, and Deepanshu Jhuntra. "Establishing cephalometric norms using Arnett\'s soft tissue analysis for males and females of Jaipur population." Journal of Contemporary Orthodontics 7, no. 3 (2023): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jco.2023.032.

Full text
Abstract:
This study was aimed to determine and compare soft tissue cephalometric norms between male and female population of Jaipur and compare them with Arnett’s soft tissue cephalometric norms with 50 males and 50 females which fall under selected inclusion criteria. One hundred samples (50 males and 50 females) were selected on random basis with harmonious facial appearances, good functional occlusions and first permanent molars in Angle's class I relation. Samples selected for the study were of age group between 18 to 25 years. Measurements were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. 1.Cephalometric norms using Arnett's Soft tissue Analysis were established formales and females of Jaipur population. 2. Soft tissue cephalometric values show Sexual dimorphism with all the soft tissue thicknesses and the facial lengths being greater in males indicating longer faces, long upper & lower lips for males and more prominent the midfacial region in Jaipur females compared to males with more protrusive mandibular dentition with a prominent chin.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Moate, S. J., and M. A. Darendeliler. "Cephalometric norms for the Chinese: a compilation of existing data." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 18, no. 1 (2002): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2002-0003.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The intention of this paper is to compile Chinese cephalometric norms for a more objective orthodontic diagnosis of Chinese patients so that their orthodontic treatment may be better planned. Studies on cephalometric norms of Chinese and subjects of Chinese descent were reviewed. Some important studies were available only in the Chinese journals and they were especially procured and translated for this purpose. A normal range of anteroposterior apical base differences, concomitant interincisal inclinations and locations, were derived from different Chinese groups and were tabulated. The differences between Chinese and Caucasian norms are discussed. A distinctive craniofacial and dental pattern of the people of Chinese origin was found and is reflected in the cephalometric measurements. Compared with Caucasian norms, Chinese norms have skeletal, dental and soft-tissue variations. The Chinese have a shorter cranial base and a larger ANB. The Chinese dentition demonstrates greater bimaxillary-alveolar protrusion, with a decreased interincisal angle. The Chinese soft-tissue profile shows a less prominent nose, with a less obtuse nasolabial angle, and more protrusive lips.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Afifi, Ahmed, Mahasen Taha, and Essam Nassar. "Saudian norms of Mc Namara's cephalometric analysis." Egyptian Orthodontic Journal 33, no. 6 (2008): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eos.2008.79259.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Younso, Muathe Abdulghani, and Amal Hussein Abuaffan. "The Cephalometric Norms of Afro-Arab Population." Journal of Head & Neck Physicians and Surgeons 9, no. 2 (2021): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jhnps.jhnps_64_21.

Full text
Abstract:
Objectives: We aimed to determine the skeletal and dental cephalometric norms for Sudanese adults. Materials and Methods: A total of 106 lateral cephalograms (51 males and 55 females) aged 18–25 years with Class I occlusion and well-balanced profile were enrolled in this study. Twenty-seven variables were analyzed digitally by VistaDent software according to the McNamara, Tweed, and Jarabak analysis. Results: A statistically significant difference between genders was found in the skeletal variables (sella-nasion-B point angle, A point-nasion-B point angle, facial plane angle, Y-axis, mandibular to anterior cranial base angle, mandibular to Frankfort horizontal plane angle, mandibular to maxillary plane angle, anterior cranial base length, posterior facial height, anterior facial height, lower anterior facial height, effective maxillary length, effective mandibular length, and maxilla-mandibular difference) and dental variables (maxillary incisor to anterior cranial base angle, mandibular incisor to Frankfort horizontal plane angle, and lower incisor edge to A point-pogonion line distance). Skeletally, Sudanese males had more prognathic maxilla and more prominent chin. The males had longer midfacial lengths and mandibular lengths. Sudanese adults had a tendency toward bimaxillary protrusion with slight dental proclination than Arab, and less protrusion compared with African or African American populations. Conclusion: The results give a better insight for proper diagnosis and treatment planning for Sudanese orthodontic and orthognathic patients.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Alcalde, Rafael E., Tokiari Jinno, M. Gabriela Orsini, Akira Sasaki, Raymond M. Sugiyama, and Tomohiro Matsumura. "Soft tissue cephalometric norms in Japanese adults." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 118, no. 1 (2000): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mod.2000.104411.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Sharma, Jagan Nath. "Steiner’s cephalometric norms for the Nepalese population." Journal of Orthodontics 38, no. 1 (2011): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/14653121141209.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Ouédraogo, Youssouf, Hicham Benyahia, Joseph Samba Diouf, Tiécoura Camara, Raoul Bationo, and Papa Ibrahima Ngom. "Cephalometric norms of a Burkina Faso population." International Orthodontics 17, no. 1 (2019): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ortho.2019.01.002.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Lew, K. K. K., and D. K. L. Tay. "Submentovertex cephalometric norms in male Chinese subjects." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 103, no. 3 (1993): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(93)70005-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Al-Gunaid, Talat, Kazuhiro Yamada, Masaki Yamaki, and Isao Saito. "Soft-tissue cephalometric norms in Yemeni men." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 132, no. 5 (2007): 576.e7–576.e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.03.018.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Jain, S., and R. Gulati. "Soft tissue Cephalometric Norms for Orthognathic Surgery." Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section) 26, no. 3 (2012): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0970-2199(12)63005-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Hayder kadhim A, Arkan Muslim Al Azzawi, Aymen Hameed Uraibi, and Hasan Sabah Hasan. "Cephalometric standard values of Iraqi Arab population - A cross sectional study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3284.

Full text
Abstract:
Is to find the accurate stranded cephalometric norms among the most significant sample of Iraqi adult's population and to see the racial variability between the Iraqi population cephalometric normative values and their counterparts of Caucasians population. A cephalometric analytic studies of Iraqi adults for period confined between 1988 to 2017 was conducted—twenty-seven studies from ninety-two. Collected studies were met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies have involved the published master theses, all of them exhibit numerical data for both genders of the Iraqi Arab population who have class I skeletal pattern with normal occlusion. Selection of 35 parameters took place, included most used skeletodental cephalometric measurements to be evaluated and compared. Statistical tests were applied to describe the means and SD, also to find out the statistical ethnic difference between the Iraqis Arab and Caucasians population. Study show standard norms of many cephalometric parameters exhibited a significant gender difference in Iraqi adults' individuals, with higher linear hard tissue measurements in males, while non-significant gender differences appeared in facial soft tissue profile. On the other hands, most of the elected cephalometric parameters showed statistically significant differences between the Iraqi Araband Caucasians compares.Generally, the Iraqis had smaller craniofacial dimensions, maxillary and mandibular skeletal retrusion, and more convex profile. Apparent sexual dimorphism in addition to significant ethnic difference requires the adoption of gender as well as ethnic specified standard norms during the cephalometric analysis of Iraqi Arab adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment, to reach an accurate diagnosis and treatment objectives.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Sruthi H, Aravind Kumar S, and Arvind Sivakumar. "Rakosi Jarabak Analysis for the South Indian Population - A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation 13, no. 2 (2022): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v13i2.199.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: 
 Rakosi jarabak analysis has been proved to be effective in predicting the facial growth pattern, morphological characters, reaction to various orthopedic approaches, and functional alterations. Most of these established cephalometric values are based on average values for the Caucasian population. Whereas cephalometric values vary among different populations and have shown variations among different ethnic groups, gender, and age. The objectives of this paper are to develop Rakosi Jarabak cephalometric norms for the South Indian population and compare the measures to values from other ethnic groups.
 Materials and Method: 
 Facad software was used to track the lateral cephalograms of 100 non-growing patients from the South Indian population who satisfied our inclusion criteria. Nineteen craniofacial parameters of Jarabak’s analysis were measured.
 Result: 
 A comparison between the males and females of the South Indian population showed a significant difference between the three parameters. Comparison of the south Indian male, female values, and overall values with established norms of various ethnic populations showed significant differences among various parameters.
 Conclusion: 
 This study establishes the south Indian ethnic norms for Rakosi Jarabak analysis. The south Indian norms vary from caucasian norms showing significant ethnic .These differences need to be considered when analyzing the cephalogram . These values will help in customizing treatment plans based on ethnic norms.The study concludes that distivariationsnct sets of cephalometric norms should be developed for different ethnic groups in order to aid orthodontists and surgeons in optimising treatment plans based on local norms.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Al-Jasser, Nasser M. "Cephalometric Evaluation for Saudi Population Using the Downs and Steiner Analysis." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 6, no. 2 (2005): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-6-2-52.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The purpose of this study is to formulate cephalometric norms of the Saudi population; and to evaluate whether significant cephalometric differences exist between Saudi and Caucasian patients. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 60 selected Saudis (30 males and 30 females) with esthetically pleasing and harmonious faces, Angle I molar relationship, with all permanent teeth present and no history of orthodontic treatment or facial trauma, age range between 20 and 30 years were analyzed using the Downs and Steiner analysis. The means, standard deviations, and ranges of the measurements were compared with the norms established by Downs and Steiner. Statistically, several significant differences were noticeable in the results of the present study when the cephalometric mean values for the selected Saudi population were compared with the norms suggested for a white Caucasian population by Downs and Steiner. The results of the present study are significant and showed normal Saudis have a slightly protrusive maxillae, a tendency to Class II facial pattern, and a high mandibular plane angle. These results have clinical implications in the diagnosis and treatment of adult Saudis with dentofacial deformities. Citation Al-Jasser NM. Cephalometric Evaluation for Saudi Population Using the Downs and Steiner Analysise. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 May;(6)2:052-063.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Rahul Munka, Vaibhav Shandilya, Harsh Kumar, and Abhishek Sinha. "Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms for Bihar Ethnic Population." International Healthcare Research Journal 3, no. 9 (2019): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0309.12003.

Full text
Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: A person's ability to recognize a beautiful face is innate, but translating this into defined treatment goals is problematic and various authors tried to relate the importance of soft-tissue esthetics with orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
 AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To derive the Soft Tissue Cephalometric norms for the normal, well-balanced and esthetically pleasing faces of the Bihar ethnic population and to compare them with pre-established norms.
 MATERIALS AND METHOD: A sample of 60 subjects from an ethnic Bihar population residing in Patna, on the basis of facial symmetry, balance and pleasing appearance were observed from five sets of extra-oral photographs. Standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken with metallic markers placed on various soft-tissue structures on the face using derma tapes. All lateral cephalometric films were traced and Soft Tissue Cephalometric Analysis was done.
 RESULTS: Total facial length was significantly less in males as compared to the Caucasians with 117.50±1.74 as mean value. Males had significantly less protrusive upper and lower lips in projection to TVL with a mean value of 0.77±0.77 and -3.13±0.73 respectively. Lower lip length in females was significantly decreased with a decreased lower third facial height with a mean value of 62.27±1.46. Total facial length was significantly less in females with a mean value of 115.40±1.99. Females had significantly more protrusive upper and lower lips in projection to TVL with a mean value of 1.90±0.84 and 1.93±0.74 respectively.
 CONCLUSION: The established norms in present study could be used as future reference for Orthodontic treatment in Bihar ethnic population.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Hussein, Emad, and Mahmoud Abu Mois. "Bimaxillary Protrusion in the Palestinian Population." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 5 (2007): 817–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/091006-366.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Objective: To study the prevalence of bimaxillary protrusion among Palestinians. Materials and Methods: Cephalometric radiographs for 79 normal occlusion adult Palestinian university students were traced. Results: The interincisal angle was decreased in the Palestinian women compared to the Caucasian means, but this had no impact on lip protrusion. Conclusion: Relative to Caucasian cephalometric norms, Palestinians show no extraoral bimaxillary protrusion features, and therefore, these norms can be applied to Palestinian faces.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Sivagnanam, Mangaiyarkarasi, and Joo Ming Cheong. "Establishing cephalometric norms of upper and lower lips to Rickett’s E-line in the Malay female population of Kuantan city: a pilot study." IIUM Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (2023): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijohs.v4i1.164.

Full text
Abstract:
The purpose of the study was to determine the cephalometric norms of upper and lower lips to the Rickett’s E-line in the Malay female population of Kuantan city, and to compare it with the Caucasian norms. This was a retrospective study involving 40 pre-existing lateral cephalometric radiographs taken from October 2017 to October 2021 of skeletal Class I females of pure Malay ethnic group aged 20 to 40 retrieved from two private dental clinics in Kuantan city of Pahang state, Malaysia (Dr Fatain’s Dental Clinic Taman Tas; Dr Fatain’s Dental Clinic Indera Mahkota 3). These radiographs were hand traced using acetate paper and 0.3 mm leaded propelling pencil on a light view box in a darkened room. The soft tissue outlines and the Rickett’s E-line (from the tip of the nose to the soft tissue chin) were drawn and the distance of the upper and lower lips to this line was measured in mm with a metal ruler. The values were compared with the Caucasian norms [upper lip to E-line: -4 mm; lower lip to E-line: -2 mm (± 2)]. The cephalometric norms of upper and lower lips to the E-line among the Malay females of Kuantan city were -1.3 mm (± 2.0) and 0.19 mm (± 1.9) respectively. This value was significantly different than the norms of the Caucasian population (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the cephalometric norms of upper and lower lips to Rickett’s E-line in the Malay female population of Kuantan city were established: upper lip -1.3 mm (± 2.0) and lower lip 0.19 mm (± 1.9), which were found to be more protrusive than the Caucasian norms.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Rahul, Munka, Shandilya Vaibhav, Kumar Harsh, and Sinha Abhishek. "Soft Tissue Cephalometric Norms for Bihar Ethnic Population." International Healthcare Research Journal 3, no. 10 (2019): 290–98. https://doi.org/10.26440/IHRJ/0309.12003.

Full text
Abstract:
<strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong>&nbsp;A person&#39;s ability to recognize a beautiful face is innate, but translating this into defined treatment goals is problematic and various authors tried to relate the importance of soft-tissue esthetics with orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. <strong>AIM AND OBJECTIVES:</strong>&nbsp;To derive the Soft Tissue Cephalometric norms for the normal, well-balanced and esthetically pleasing faces of the Bihar ethnic population and to compare them with pre-established norms. <strong>MATERIALS AND METHOD:</strong>&nbsp;A sample of 60 subjects from an ethnic Bihar population residing in Patna, on the basis of facial symmetry, balance and pleasing appearance were observed from five sets of extra-oral photographs. Standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken with metallic markers placed on various soft-tissue structures on the face using derma tapes. All lateral cephalometric films were traced and Soft Tissue Cephalometric Analysis was done. <strong>RESULTS:</strong>&nbsp;Total facial length was significantly less in males as compared to the Caucasians with 117.50&plusmn;1.74 as mean value. Males had significantly less protrusive upper and lower lips in projection to TVL with a mean value of 0.77&plusmn;0.77 and -3.13&plusmn;0.73 respectively. Lower lip length in females was significantly decreased with a decreased lower third facial height with a mean value of 62.27&plusmn;1.46. Total facial length was significantly less in females with a mean value of 115.40&plusmn;1.99. Females had significantly more protrusive upper and lower lips in projection to TVL with a mean value of 1.90&plusmn;0.84 and 1.93&plusmn;0.74 respectively. <strong>CONCLUSION:</strong>&nbsp;The established norms in present study could be used as future reference for Orthodontic treatment in Bihar ethnic population.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Bronfman, Caroline Nemetz, Guilherme Janson, Arnaldo Pinzan, and Thais Lima Rocha. "Cephalometric norms and esthetic profile preference for the Japanese: a systematic review." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 20, no. 6 (2015): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.20.6.043-051.oar.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Objective: To determine the cephalometric parameters and esthetic preferences of a pleasant face for the Japanese population. Methods: For the present study, the following databases were accessed: PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. Initial inclusion criteria comprised studies written in English and quoting cephalometric norms and/or facial attractiveness in Japanese adults. No time period of publication was determined. The quality features evaluated were sample description, variables analyzed and how cephalometric standards or facial profile were evaluated. Results: Initially, 60 articles were retrieved. From the selected studies, 13 abstracts met the initial inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups; seven articles were included in Group I and six articles in Group II, according to the criteria of evaluation: cephalometric or facial analyses. Conclusion: Japanese are characterized by having a less convex skeletal profile, bilabial protrusion, less prominent nose, more retruded chin and protruded mandibular incisor. Despite living in a society with homogeneous patterns, they seem to get an esthetic preference for white-like features. Therefore, in addition to ethnic normative values, patient's preferences to establish individual treatment plans should always be considered.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the bibliographies on the topic 'Cephalometric Norms' for other source types:
Dissertations / Theses
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography