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Journal articles on the topic 'Cephalopelvic disproportion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Payne, P. R. "Cephalopelvic Disproportion." Tropical Doctor 27, no. 3 (July 1997): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559702700301.

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2

Armon, Peter, F. Driessen, David Clegg Frcog, and Ian Kennedy. "Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD)." Tropical Doctor 28, no. 1 (January 1998): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559802800117.

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3

Lenhard, Miriam S., Thorsten R. C. Johnson, Sabine Weckbach, Konstantin Nikolaou, Klaus Friese, and Uwe Hasbargen. "Pelvimetry revisited: Analyzing cephalopelvic disproportion." European Journal of Radiology 74, no. 3 (June 2010): e107-e111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.04.042.

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4

Connolly, Geraldine, C. Naidoo, R. M. Conroy, P. Byrne, and P. Mckenna. "A new predictor of cephalopelvic disproportion?" Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 23, no. 1 (January 2003): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144361021000043173.

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5

Escamilla, J. O. "Cephalopelvic disproportion/failure to progress diagnosis." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 188, no. 6 (June 2003): 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mob.2003.365.

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6

BENJAMIN, SANTOSH J., ANJALI B. DANIEL, ASHA KAMATH, and VANI RAMKUMAR. "Anthropometric measurements as predictors of cephalopelvic disproportion." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 91, no. 1 (October 13, 2011): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01267.x.

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7

Maharaj, Dushyant. "Assessing Cephalopelvic Disproportion: Back to the Basics." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 65, no. 6 (June 2010): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ogx.0b013e3181ecdf0c.

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8

Harper, Lorie M., David M. Stamilio, Anthony O. Odibo, Jeffrey F. Peipert, and George A. Macones. "Vaginal Birth After Cesarean for Cephalopelvic Disproportion." Obstetrics & Gynecology 117, no. 2, Part 1 (February 2011): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0b013e31820776fd.

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9

Nicholson, James M., and Lisa C. Kellar. "The Active Management of Impending Cephalopelvic Disproportion in Nulliparous Women at Term: A Case Series." Journal of Pregnancy 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/708615.

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Background. The Active Management of Risk in Pregnancy at Term (AMOR-IPAT) protocol has been associated in several studies with significant reductions of group cesarean delivery rate. Present within each of these studies were nulliparous women with risk factors for cephalopelvic disproportion. Risk factors for cephalopelvic disproportion in nulliparous women are especially important because they represent the precursors for the most common indication for primary cesarean delivery.Cases. Three examples of exposure of urban nulliparous women to the AMOR-IPAT protocol are presented. Each woman's risk factor profile for Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) was used to estimate her Upper Limit of Optimal Time of Vaginal Delivery for CPD (UL-OTDcpd). Labor management and clinical outcomes for each case are presented. A simple table summarizing induction rates and birth outcome rates of exposed versus nonexposed nulliparous women is also presented.Conclusion. Because the mode of delivery of the first birth substantially impacts birth options in later pregnancies, the impact of AMOR-IPAT on nulliparous patients is particularly important. Determining the UL-OTDcpd in nulliparous patients, and carefully inducing each patient who has not entered labor by her UL-OTDcpd, may be an effective way of lowering rates of cesarean delivery in nulliparous women.
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10

Hanzal, E., Ch Kainz, G. Hoffmann, and J. Deutinger. "An analysis of the prediction of cephalopelvic disproportion." Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 253, no. 4 (December 1993): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02766641.

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11

Aitken, I. W., and B. Walls. "Maternal Height and Cephalopelvic Disproportion in Sierra Leone." Tropical Doctor 16, no. 3 (July 1986): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947558601600313.

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12

Burgess, Helen A. "Anthropometric Measures as a Predictor of Cephalopelvic Disproportion." Tropical Doctor 27, no. 3 (July 1997): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559702700305.

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13

Althaus (F), Janyne, Rita Driggers, Scott Petersen, Alice Cootauco, and Karin Blakemore. "Predicting cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) in labor utilizing uterine tocodynamometry." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 193, no. 6 (December 2005): S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.101.

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14

Khunpradit, S., J. Patumanond, and C. Tawichasri. "P245 CPD risk score for prediction of cephalopelvic disproportion." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107 (October 2009): S482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61735-5.

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15

Thobbi, Vidya A., and Syeda Zeba. "Outcome of pregnancy in previous caesarean section: an observational study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 9 (August 27, 2020): 3569. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20203496.

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Background: Presently, good obstetrics means an uncomplicated antenatal period, labour and puerperium for the mother and birth of a healthy body. Post caesarean section pregnancy has now become one of the most common high-risk cases tackled at any hospital. In this paper an attempt has been made to assess the outcomes of pregnancy in previous caesarean section.Methods: This study was conducted among patients in the department of gynecology and obstetrics at Al-Ameen Hospital from June 2016 to December 2018. For that purpose, a sample size of 100 was considered. Data were analyzed using SPSS software v. 23.0. and Microsoft office 2007.Results: The incidence of caesarean section was 10.25%. Anaemia, pregnancy-induced hypertension and diabetes mellitus found in this study is more coincidental. Placenta previa cases were also present. Cephalopelvic disproportion was the commonest indication of the previous section in this study. 20% of the cases have had their previous section due to cephalopelvic disproportion. 18% of the cases had delivered vaginally, 15 cases were delivered by forceps (72.2%) and 3 cases were delivered normally (27.8%). Maternal morbidity was found to be low and there was no maternal death.Conclusions: The patient whose primary section was done due to cephalopelvic disproportion should be assessed thoroughly in her current pregnancy before placing her to elective repeat section. As there is always the possibility of scar rupture in a case of post caesarean section pregnancy one must think twice before doing the primary section. More research is required to evaluate optimum time of management.
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16

Impey, L. "First delivery after cesarean delivery for strictly defined cephalopelvic disproportion." Obstetrics & Gynecology 92, no. 5 (November 1998): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00279-8.

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17

IMPEY, LAWRENCE, and COLM OʼHERLIHY. "First Delivery After Cesarean Delivery for Strictly Defined Cephalopelvic Disproportion." Obstetrics & Gynecology 92, no. 5 (November 1998): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006250-199811000-00012.

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18

Silva, C., G. Schiappacasse, D. Grudsky, M. Jacobsen, J. Astudillo, and M. Yamamoto. "P28.16: Pelvimetry by computed tomography for prediction of cephalopelvic disproportion." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 40, S1 (September 2012): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.12162.

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19

Harrison, KelseyA. "Predicting trends in operative delivery for cephalopelvic disproportion in Africa." Lancet 335, no. 8693 (April 1990): 861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)90982-b.

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20

Sokal, D., L. Sawadogo, and A. Adjibade. "Short stature and cephalopelvic disproportion in Burkina Faso, West Africa." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 35, no. 4 (August 1991): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(91)90671-q.

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21

O., Munteanu. "Can fetal cranial circumference determine the cause and predict cephalopelvic disproportion?" Gineco.eu 9, no. 3 (September 20, 2013): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18643/gieu.2013.118.

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22

SILBAR, ELIOT L. "Factors Related to the Increasing Cesarean Section Rates for Cephalopelvic Disproportion." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 42, no. 1 (January 1987): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-198701000-00009.

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23

SILBAR, ELIOT L. "Factors Related to the Increasing Cesarean Section Rates for Cephalopelvic Disproportion." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 42, no. 1 (January 1987): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-198742010-00009.

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24

Buchmann, Eckhart J., and Elena Libhaber. "Sagittal suture overlap in cephalopelvic disproportion: Blinded and non-participant assessment." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 87, no. 7 (January 2008): 731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016340802179848.

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25

Buchmann, Eckhart J., and Elena Libhaber. "Sagittal Suture Overlap in Cephalopelvic Disproportion: Blinded and Non-Participant Assessment." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 63, no. 12 (December 2008): 757–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0000338077.92481.d9.

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26

Silbar, Eliot L. "Factors related to the increasing cesarean section rates for cephalopelvic disproportion." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 154, no. 5 (May 1986): 1095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(86)90759-3.

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27

TSU, VIVIEN D. "Maternal Height and Age: Risk Factors for Cephalopelvic Disproportion in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Epidemiology 21, no. 5 (1992): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/21.5.941.

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28

Saha, Mukti Rani, Nahid Yasmin, Afzalunnessa Chowdhury, Shahrin Ahmed, Kamrunnahar Sweety, and Madhurma Saha. "Outcome of Primigravida with high foetal head at term or onset of labour." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 26, no. 2 (November 18, 2018): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v26i2.38827.

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Objective: To determine the causes of high foetal head and their relative frequencies in primigravidae presenting at term and to determine the proportion of these patients undergoing lower segment caesarean section or vaginal delivery. Design: A descriptive study.Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Mugda Medical College Hospital from March 2017 to June 2017.Materials and Methods: A total of 50 primigravidae patients presenting at term and having a single pregnancy were randomly selected. On the basis of history, Physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography, patients having a high foetal head were recognized and their causes documented.Results: Out of 50 primigravidae, with high foetal head there was foetal malpresentation 17(34%), Cephalopelvic disproportion 13(26%) , Foetal distress 12(24%). Lower segment caesarian section was the management of choice in more than half of the patients with high foetal head.Conclusions: Foetal malpresentation & Cephalopelvic disproportion were the major cause of high foetal head in this study and lower segment Caesarean section was the mode of delivery in more than half of the patients with high foetal head.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.2, October, 2017, Page 122-125
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29

Ottun, Abimbola T., Chinonye H. Okoye, Adeniyi A. Adewunmi, Faosat O. Jinadu, and Ayokunle M. Olumodeji. "Pattern of primary caesarean deliveries in a Nigerian tertiary hospital." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20211895.

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Background: Primary caesarean section (CS) has become a major driver of the steadily rising total caesarean rate. This study determined the primary CS rate, pattern and associated factors.Methods: It was a retrospective, hospital-based cross-sectional study of 645 pregnant women who had primary caesarean section over a 3-year period in Lagos state university teaching hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Data obtained were expressed in frequency and percentages.Results: Primary CS accounted for more than 50% of all the CS done during the study period with a primary CS rate of 16.7% and total CS rate was 30.6%. Primary CS was commonest among women of age group 30-39years (50.1%) and women with no prior parous experience (58.6%). The commonest indication for primary CS was poor progress in labour due to cephalopelvic disproportion, which occurred in 170 women (26.4%), followed by suspected foetal distress in 94 women (14.6%) and hypertensive disease in pregnancy in 91 women (14.1%). Post-operative wound infection and/or dehiscence was the most prevalent post-operative complication occurring in 12.1% of women who had primary CS.Conclusions: Primary CS rate is increasing and relatively more common among primiparous women. Cephalopelvic disproportion, suspected foetal distress and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the leading indications for primary CS.
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30

Driggers, Rita, Jessica Bienstock, Jaime Arruda, and Karin Blakemore. "481 Can uterine contraction or fetal heart rate patterns predict cephalopelvic disproportion?" American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 185, no. 6 (December 2001): S213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(01)80512-3.

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31

Korhonen, Ulla, Pekka Taipale, and Seppo Heinonen. "Fetal pelvic index to predict cephalopelvic disproportion - a retrospective clinical cohort study." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 94, no. 6 (March 7, 2015): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12608.

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32

LAKHNO, Igor V., and Kemine UZEL. "Spontaneous pregnancy, macrosomia, and cephalopelvic disproportion in diffuse adenomyosis: a case report." Archives of the Balkan Medical Union 56, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31688/abmu.2021.56.1.14.

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33

Israel, Jeremiah, and IkobhoEbenezer Howells. "Predictors of cephalopelvic disproportion in labour a tertiary hospital in Bayelsa State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Medicine 27, no. 3 (2018): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1115-2613.278782.

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34

Chor, Chung Ming, Wai Yin Winnie Chan, Wing Ting Ada Tse, and Daljit Singh Sahota. "Measurement of retropubic tissue thickness using intrapartum transperineal ultrasound to assess cephalopelvic disproportion." Ultrasonography 37, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14366/usg.17003.

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35

Archana, R., and Sharda Patra. "Diagnostic accuracy of sacral rhomboid dimensions in prediction of cephalopelvic disproportion in primigravidae." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20211123.

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Background: Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. CPD complicates 2-15% of pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of sacral rhomboid dimensions in the prediction of CPD in primigravidaeMethods: This prospective study was conducted on 400 primigravidae at 37-week gestation in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. Women with height>145 cm were subjected to measurement of transverse and vertical diagonals (TD and VD) of sacral rhomboid prior to delivery. Following delivery, the women were divided in two groups: control group (normal delivery, n=290) and study group (caesarean section for CPD, n=56). The sacral rhomboid dimensions were compared in both the groups and statistically analysed. Results: The mean maternal height in both the groups showed no significant difference (156.88±5.7 vs 155.02±4.75, p=0.011). However, in univariate analysis, maternal height of≤154.5 cm, VD ≤10.25 cm and TD≤9.75 cm showed a diagnostic accuracy of 58.3%, 55.4% and 78%, respectively. Of all the parameters, TD≤9.75 cm was the most significant factor in predicting CPD (34% vs 13%), OR 3.3 (95%CI: 1.7- 6.7, p<0.001).Conclusions: A simple measurement of transverse diameter of sacral rhomboid is a better predictor of CPD in an average height Indian primigravidae. It can be used in community hospital to detect high risk primigravidae.
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36

Fakher, Diaa, Taiseer Marouf, and Amr Osama Azab. "Value of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting cephalopelvic disproportion in relation to obstetric outcome." Evidence Based Womenʼs Health Journal 2, no. 1 (February 2012): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ebx.0000410711.19975.69.

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37

Song, Tae-Bok, Hye-Yeun Cho, Jong-Woon Kim, Min-Jee Kee, Min-Jeong Oh, Cheol-Hong Kim, Moon-Kyoung Cho, Woo-Dae Kang, and Yoon-Ha Kim. "Maternal Height and the Risk of Cesarean Delivery Due to Cephalopelvic Disproportion in Nulliparous Women." Chonnam Medical Journal 45, no. 2 (2009): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2009.45.2.111.

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38

Abitbol, M. Maurice, M. Bowen-ericksen, Ivette Castillo, and A. Pushchin. "Prediction of Difficult Vaginal Birth and of Cesarean Section for Cephalopelvic Disproportion in Early Labor." Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 8, no. 2 (January 1999): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767059909052042.

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39

Tolentino, Lorenzo, Mahlet Yigeremu, Sisay Teklu, Shehab Attia, Michael Weiler, Nate Frank, J. Brandon Dixon, and Rudolph L. Gleason. "Three-dimensional camera anthropometry to assess risk of cephalopelvic disproportion-related obstructed labour in Ethiopia." Interface Focus 9, no. 5 (August 16, 2019): 20190036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0036.

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Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)-related obstructed labour requires delivery via Caesarean section (C/S); however, in low-resource settings around the world, facilities with C/S capabilities are often far away. This paper reports three low-cost tools to assess the risk of CPD, well before labour, to provide adequate time for referral and planning for delivery. We performed tape measurement- and three-dimensional (3D) camera-based anthropometry, using two 3D cameras (Kinect and Structure) on primigravida, gestational age ≥ 36 weeks, from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Novel risk scores were developed and tested to identify models with the highest predicted area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC), detection rate (true positive rate at a 5% false-positive rate, FPR) and triage rate (true negative rate at a 0% false-negative rate). For tape measure, Kinect and Structure, the detection rates were 53%, 61% and 64% (at 5% FPR), the triage rates were 30%, 56% and 63%, and the AUCs were 0.871, 0.908 and 0.918, respectively. Detection rates were 77%, 80% and 84% at the maximum J -statistic, which corresponded to FPRs of 10%, 15% and 11%, respectively, for tape measure, Kinect and Structure. Thus, tape measurement anthropometry was a very good predictor and Kinect and Structure anthropometry were excellent predictors of CPD risk.
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40

Chor, C., D. S. Sahota, W. Chan, and W. Tse. "P04.05: Measurement of retropubic tissue thickness using intrapartum transperineal ultrasound to assess cephalopelvic disproportion ( CPD)." Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 50 (September 2017): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.18029.

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41

Abitbol, M. Maurice, M. Bowen-Ericksen, Ivette Castillo, and A. Pushchin. "Prediction of difficult vaginal birth and of cesarean section for cephalopelvic disproportion in early labor." Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine 8, no. 2 (March 1999): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6661(199903/04)8:2<51::aid-mfm4>3.0.co;2-w.

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42

Tsvieli, Oren, Ruslan Sergienko, and Eyal Sheiner. "Risk factors and perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated with cephalopelvic disproportion: a population-based study." Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 285, no. 4 (September 20, 2011): 931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00404-011-2086-4.

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43

Dall'Asta, Andrea, Giuseppe Rizzo, Bianca Masturzo, Torbjorn Eggebo, Maria Elena Flacco, Tiziana Frusca, and Tullio Ghi. "480 Intrapartum sonographic features of cephalopelvic disproportion in non-occiput posterior fetuses: prospective multicenter study." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 224, no. 2 (February 2021): S305—S306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.12.501.

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44

Bansal, Anshul, and Ruchi Kalra. "Feto maternal outcome in obstructed labor: a tertiary centre study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 6 (May 28, 2019): 2499. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20192457.

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Background: The number of maternal deaths as a result of obstructed labor is 8% globally but this number varies in developing country, it ranges 4-70% of all maternal deaths and it is also associated to high perinatal mortality rate. Objective of the study was to find out the proportion of obstructed labour cases and their feto-maternal outcome during last 3 years at tertiary level institute.Methods: A cross sectional observation study was done at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Bhopal. All pregnant women presenting with obstructed labor who delivered at our hospital during last 3 years duration (January 2015 to December 2017) were studied for their feto -maternal outcome.Results: 53% cases had duration of trail more than 16 hours. 84% were referred from primary health centers of nearby rural areas. All cases of obstructed labor delivered by cesarean section (100%). 44% were primigravida. 72% of cases had Cephalopelvic disproportion as the cause. 28% of cases had longer stay more than 7 days at hospital. 32% had fever during post operative period 12.5% cases had wound sepsis and 6% of cases required re-suturing of wound during post operative period. 72% baby's birth weight was between 3 to 3.4 kg. 94% of the babies survived where as 6% of babies were still birth. 16% of babies born to obstructed labor mother had APGAR less than 7 at 5 minutes of birth. 6% fetus were IUFD.Conclusions: Cephalopelvic disproportion was the most common cause for obstructed labor. Timely identification of prolonged labor and timely referral and management at place where operation theatre, NICU and blood bank facilities are available can save the life of both baby and mother.
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45

Basaldella, Luca, Elisabetta Marton, Kimon Bekelis, and Pierluigi Longatti. "Spontaneous Resolution of Atraumatic Intrauterine Ping-Pong Fractures in Newborns Delivered by Cesarean Section." Journal of Child Neurology 26, no. 11 (June 7, 2011): 1449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073811410058.

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Two cases of spontaneous intrauterine ping-pong fractures are reported in newborns delivered by cesarean section. Skull fractures occurred with no evidence of extrinsic trauma or cephalopelvic disproportion. Subsequent clinical follow-up at 6 and 12 months revealed normal skull reshaping and growth, with no associated neurological deficits. Spontaneous intrauterine ping-pong fractures in newborns delivered by cesarean section is a distinctly rare condition. These 2 cases demonstrate that, even without complicated spontaneous vaginal delivery or history of external trauma, congenital ping-pong fracture of the skull can occur. The existence of this clinical condition and its spontaneous resolution is important knowledge that can assist in the prepartum and postpartum management of children with this pathology.
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46

Liselele, Hubert B., Michel Boulvain, Kalala C. Tshibangu, and Sylvain Meuris. "Maternal height and external pelvimetry to predict cephalopelvic disproportion in nulliparous African women: a cohort study." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 107, no. 8 (August 2000): 947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb10394.x.

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47

Althaus, Janyne E., Scott Petersen, Rita Driggers, Alice Cootauco, Jessica L. Bienstock, and Karin J. Blakemore. "Cephalopelvic disproportion is associated with an altered uterine contraction shape in the active phase of labor." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 195, no. 3 (September 2006): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2006.05.053.

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48

Hofmeyr, G. Justus. "External Cephalic Version at Term with Tocolysis." Tropical Doctor 18, no. 3 (July 1988): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947558801800311.

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Abstract:
The problems associated with breech presentation are of particular importance in developing countries. The risk of vaginal breech delivery may be increased because of a high prevalence of cephalopelvic disproportion. Caesarean section presents specific risks to women who may not have medical care in subsequent pregnancies and may desire large families. External cephalic version (ECV) before term has not been proved conclusively to influence the outcome of pregnancy. ECV performed at term (37 or more weeks gestation), using tocolytic agents to relax the uterus, has been shown in a technologically developed setting to reduce the incidence of breech presentation and of Caesarean section. The application of this procedure when technological facilities are limited is discussed and the technique is described.
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49

Sharma, Partha Pratim, Sneha Gond, M. D. Kamaluddin Ansari, Narra Madhuri, and Surendra N. Bera. "Extraperitoneal cesarean section: a retrospective analysis." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200880.

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Abstract:
Background: Morbidity of caesarean section still persist in terms of pain, infection and adhesion. This study will focus on different morbidities associated with ECS.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 29 ECS were included from June to September 2018, done at Midnapore Medical college, West Bengal, India.Results: Contracted pelvis (12/29, 41.37%) and cephalopelvic disproportion (10/29,34.48%) were common indications for ECS. Mean gestational age was 39.65±1.31 weeks and birth weight were 3.01±0.40 kg. Time taken for ECS was 33.06±10.85 minutes. Extension of uterine incision and mild distension of abdomen occurred in 3.44% each. Post-operative period was uneventful and all discharged after 72 hours of operation.Conclusions: ECS can be performed safely by experienced hands with less feto-maternal morbidity and early discharge of mother and baby.
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50

Webster, Linda A., Janet R. Daling, Carmen McFarlane, Deanna Ashley, and Charles W. Warren. "Prevalence and determinants of caesarean section in Jamaica." Journal of Biosocial Science 24, no. 4 (October 1992): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000020071.

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Abstract:
SummaryThe prevalence and determinants of primary caesarean section in Jamaica were estimated from a survey of women aged 14–49 years. Among 2328 women reporting 2395 live hospital births during the period January 1984 to May 1989, the prevalence of caesarean section was 4·1%. Repeat caesarean sections accounted for 1·3% of the hospital births during that period. Of the medical complications studied, prolonged labour and/or cephalopelvic disproportion carried the highest risks of primary caesarean section, followed by breech presentation, maternal diabetes, a high birth-weight baby, maternal hypertension, and a low birth-weight baby. The risk of primary caesarean section increased with maternal age, decreased with parity, was higher for urban than for rural residents, and was higher for births in private versus government hospitals.
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