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Journal articles on the topic 'Cephradine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Aboubakr, Mohamed, and Mohamed Elbadawy. "Bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of cephradine (Atocef Forte®) in healthy and colisepticemic broiler chickens." International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 5, no. 1 (April 22, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijpt.v5i1.7428.

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The pharmacokinetics (after single intravenous and oral dose) and tissue residues (orally and daily for five days) of cephradine (20 mg/kg b.wt.) were investigated in healthy and experimentally E.coli infected broiler chickens. Following single intravenous injection to healthy chickens, cephradine obeyed a two compartments open model and the elimination half-life (t1/2β), volume of distribution (Vdss) and total body clearance (CLtot) of cephradine were 2.93 h, 321.5 ml/kg and 0.08 L/h/kg, respectively. Following single oral administration of cephradine to healthy chickens, the peak serum concentration (Cmax) of it was 26.7 µg/mL and achieved (Tmax) at 2.41 h. The oral bioavailability of cephradine was 87.7%. Cephradine was assayed in kidney, liver, heart, gizzard, spleen, breast muscle, thigh muscle and skin after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after last dose. On conclusion, cephradine is a good choice for treatment of colisepticemia in chickens due to its higher oral bioavailability and distribution.

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2

Azad, Md Abul Kalam, Zaheedur Rahman, and Md Nurul Amin. "A study on Antimicrobial Resistance: recent trend in Armed Forces of Bangladesh." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 9, no. 2 (February 2, 2015): 03–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i2.21818.

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Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance has increased dramatically & to be a serious threat to the treatment of infectious disease on a global basis. As a result morbidity, mortality & economic burden of infections with multiple drug resistance organisms for which there are no effective therapies. Over use of antibiotics in developed nations of paradoxically both misuses of under use in developing nations have contributed to the burden. Objectives: The objective of the study is to identify common microorganisms and to assess their sensitivity to three selected antibiotics. Methods: This observational study was conducted in Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka, Bangladesh among samples of urine, blood, pus, sputum and throat swab. All of the samples of urine (173), Blood (31), pus (63), sputum (28) and throat swab (14) were tested for culture and sensitivity at AFIP over a period from January 2012 to February 2013. Selected antibiotics were ciprofloxacin, cephradine and cefixime. Results: Commonest organisms found in different samples were Escherichia coli in urine (57.8%), Salmonella typhi in blood (54.8%), Staphylococcus aureus in pus (42.9%), klebsiella in sputum (67.9%) and Streptococcus pyogens in throat swab 03 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 9, No 2 (December) 2013 (78.6%). In urine samples, microorganisms were found resistant to cephradine in 95% cases but sensitive to cefixime in 30.4% cases. Microorganisms in blood samples were sensitive to cefixime in 83.3% and Ciprofloxacin in 80.6% cases. Ciprofloxacin, cephradin and cefixime all three antibiotics encountered resistance in 63.5%, 82.5% and 75.8% samples of pus respectively. Among sputum samples organisms were sensitive to ciprofloxacin in 71.4% and cefixime in 64.3% cases whereas resistant to cephradin in 92.9% cases. In organisms of throat swab Cephradine Showed sensitivity in 71.4% cases but cefixime encountered resistance in 57.1% cases. Conclusion: The study reveals an alarming picture of antimicrobial resistance pattern in Bangladesh Armed Forces. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i2.21818 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(2) 2013

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3

Chohan, Zahid H., and Maimoon F. Jaffery. "Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) Complexes With Cephradine." Metal-Based Drugs 7, no. 5 (January 1, 2000): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.2000.265.

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Some Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes of antibacterial drug cephradine have been prepared and characterized by their physical, spectral and analytical data. Cephradine acts as bidentate and the complexes have compositions, [M(L)2X2] where [M = Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II), L = cephradine and X = Cl2] showing octahedral geometry, and [M(L)2] where [M = Cu(II), L = cephradine] showing square planar geometry. In order to evaluate the effect of metal ions upon chelation, eephradine and its complexes have been screened for their antibacterial activity against bacterial strains, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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4

Sultan, M. Z., M. A. Mazid, and M. A. Rashid. "Stability Assessment of Cephradine Suspension Formulated in Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 2 (April 28, 2011): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7024.

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Cephradine, one of the commonly used and widely prescribed antibiotics in Bangladesh, is usually formulated in the dosage forms of capsule, dry suspension and IV injection. The dry-suspension is instructed to re-disperse in pre-boiled cooled water before use. A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) has been developed for determination of cephradine in pharmaceutical preparation. To study the stability of cephradine suspension formulated by Bangladeshi manufacturers in aqueous medium and buffer of different pHs at room temperature, a simple and rapid chromatographic method was developed using acetonitrile and monobasic sodium phosphate buffer as mobile phase in the ratio of 15:85 (v/v) over C-8 bonded silica at ambient temperature using a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The study revealed that the potency of cephradine suspension was almost stable at room temperature up to 13 days in aqueous medium at pH between 4 and 5.Keywords: Cephradine; Suspension; HPLC; Potency; pH.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7024 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 383-391 (2011)

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5

Sohn, Young Taek, and Sun Hee Park. "Crystal form of cephradine." Archives of Pharmacal Research 29, no. 2 (February 2006): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02974281.

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6

Farag, Shawky A. "Simultaneous Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of the β-Lactam Antibiotics Cefazolin, Cefadroxil, Cephalexin, Ampicillin, and Cephradine in Solution." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, no. 2 (March 1, 1998): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.2.381.

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abstract A liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of nanogram quantities of 5 broad-spectrum structurally related β-lactam antibiotics (cefazolin, cefadroxil, cephalexin, cephradine, and ampicillin) in solution. The method uses a C18 reversed-phase column, UV absorption (240 nm) detection, and an aqueous mobile phase containing isopropyl alcohol and acetic acid. Relative resolution between the antibiotic peaks ranged from 1.7 to 5.9 for all peaks. Chromatographic retention times were 2.97, 3.92, 4.57, 5.37, and 6.56 min for cefazolin, cefadroxil, cephalexin, ampicillin, and cephradine, respectively. Accuracy, precision, linearity, and long term analytical reproducibility were determined by statistical analysis. Use of the proposed method to evaluate the degradation of cephradine solutions stored at room temperature illustrated its potential as a stability-indicating assay.

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7

Elkomy, Ashraf, Mohamed Aboubakr, Faten Elsayed, Elsayed Emam, and Mohammed Kassem. "Immunological status in broiler chickens vaccinated with newcastle vaccine and treated with cephradine." International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 7, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijpt.v7i2.29194.

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The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of cephradine on cellular and humeral immune responses in broiler chickens. One hundred one-day-old Hubbard broiler chicks were divided into four equal groups (25 chicks in each). 1st group healthy broiler chickens non-vaccinated non medicated (control group), 2nd healthy broilers vaccinated with Newcastle vaccine only, 3rd group healthy broilers received 20 mg cephradine in drinking water daily for 5 consecutive days and 4th group healthy broilers vaccinated and received 20 mg/kg b.wt cephradine daily for 5 consecutive days. At 1st, 10th and 20th day post administration, blood samples were collected for determination total and differential leucocytic count, phagocytic activity, index, killing percentage and HI titer. Vaccinated broilers by Newcastle disease virus vaccine only, showed insignificant increase in leukocytic count, lymphocyte, heterophils, nitric oxide, lysozyme activity, total protein, total, γ globulin and HI titers at 1st day post vaccination. Beside significant increase at 10th and 20th day post vaccination coupled with insignificant increase in eosinophils, basophils, monocyte, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, killing %, albumin and α globulin and non-significant decrease in serum β globulin and A/G ratio allover experimental periods post vaccination. Broilers received cephradine and/or vaccinated with Newcastle vaccineeither alone or together, showed insignificant increase in leukocyte, heterophils, lymphocyte, eosinophils, basophils, monocyte, nitric oxide, lysozyme activity, total protein, albumin, total, α, β, γ globulin, A/G ratio throughout experimental period post vaccination. Beside significant decrease in phagocytosis, phagocytic index and killing % at 1st day and insignificant decrease at 10th & 20th day post vaccination coupled with significant decrease in HI titers at 1st day post administration and insignificant decrease at 10th & 20th day post vaccination. It was concluded that vaccination by Newcastle disease virus vaccine induced immune-stimulant but cephradine provoked a remarkable immunosuppressive effect in broiler chickens. Therefore, vaccination not recommended during treatment by cephradine.

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8

Middlehurst, R. J., J. Pedlar, G. R. Barker, and J. P. Rood. "Cephradine penetration of mandibular bone." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 47, no. 7 (July 1989): 672–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-2391(89)80003-5.

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9

Cai, Wei-Ping, Yao-Guo Ouyang, Xue-Yuan Lin, and Jin-Gou Xu. "Photochemical Fluorimetric Determination of Cephradine." Analytical Letters 31, no. 3 (February 1998): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719808001850.

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10

Middlehurst, R. J., and J. P. Rood. "Cephradine (Velosef) penetration of mandibular bone." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 19, no. 2 (April 1990): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0901-5027(05)80208-5.

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11

Shen, Yi, Hao Liu, Shaofeng Rong, Yaping Li, and Changqing Hu. "Simultaneous Determination of Cephradine, L‐Arginine, and Cephalexin in Cephradine for Injection by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis." Analytical Letters 39, no. 3 (February 2006): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032710500535998.

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12

Huang, Xiaoqiang, Jing Xue, and Yushan Zhu. "Computational design of cephradine synthase in a new scaffold identified from structural databases." Chemical Communications 53, no. 54 (2017): 7604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc02270k.

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13

He, Jinwen, Xiaoqiang Huang, Jing Xue, and Yushan Zhu. "Computational redesign of penicillin acylase for cephradine synthesis with high kinetic selectivity." Green Chemistry 20, no. 24 (2018): 5484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc03420f.

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14

Nam, Ji-Hyun, Ji-Hye Shin, Tae-Hun Kim, Seungho Yu, and Dong-Hun Lee. "Comparison of biological and chemical assays for measuring the concentration of residual antibiotics after treatment with gamma irradiation." Environmental Engineering Research 25, no. 4 (August 6, 2019): 614–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2019.270.

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Antibiotic pollution is one of the factors contributing to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. Advanced oxidation and irradiation processes have been introduced to eliminate antibiotics from water and wastewater. However, few studies have reported the toxic effects of residual antibiotics and their byproducts induced by a treatment system. In this study, we compared the efficacies of chemical (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)) and biological (antimicrobial susceptibility test) assays for measuring the concentrations of residual antibiotics after gamma irradiation for degrading amoxicillin, cephradine, lincomycin, and tetracycline. The concentrations of residual antibiotics estimated using the two assay methods were almost identical, except cephradine. In the case of cephradine, inhibited bacterial growth was observed that was equivalent to twice the concentration measured by HPLC in the samples subjected to gamma irradiation. The observed inhibition of bacterial growth suggested the generation of potentially toxic intermediates following antibiotic degradation. These results indicate that biological and chemical assays should be used in concert for monitoring antibiotic contamination and the toxic derivatives of antibiotic degradation. The results demonstrate that these four antibiotics can be decomposed by 2.0 kGy gamma-irradiation without toxic effects of their byproducts.

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15

Xue, Jing, Xiaoqiang Huang, and Yushan Zhu. "Using molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate active designs of cephradine hydrolase by molecular mechanics/Poisson–Boltzmann surface area and molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area methods." RSC Advances 9, no. 24 (2019): 13868–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra02406a.

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16

Ashaduzzaman, Md, Nashid Kaisher Riyadh, Nusrat Mustary, and Sayed Md Shamsuddin. "Cephradine Intercalated Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxide." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 69 (August 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.69.1.

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Engineered advanced functional materials are promising candidates for biotechnology and biomedical science. Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH), anionic or hydrotalcite-like clays consist of positively charged layers and exchangeable anions along with water molecules in the interlayer space were synthesized from homogeneous solution of MgCl2and AlCl3by urea induced co-precipitation method. A pharmaceutically important drug, cephradine was intercalated with synthesized LDH in alkali media (pH 10) by in-situ technique. Characterizations of the products were carried out using Attenuated Total Reflectance Infra-red (ATR-IR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. Scanning electron morphological images envisaged a distinct crystalline and amorphous phases of Mg-Al LDH before and after modification with cephradine. Intercalation of bioactive molecules with LDH would enhance their stability providing sustained release behavior in physiological environment.

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17

El-Gendy, A. A. M., Abeer M. Radi, and M. A. Tohamy. "Some pharmacological studies of cephradine in broilers." Journal of Veterinary Medical Research 20, no. 2 (March 1, 2010): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jvmr.2020.77647.

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18

Abuirjeie, M. A., A. A. Abdel-Aziz, and M. E. Abdel-Hamid. "Feasibility Studies on Radiation Sterilization of Cephradine." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 16, no. 10 (January 1990): 1661–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639049009025778.

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19

Hossain, Mohammed Delwar, and Md Anamul Hoque. "Interaction of cephradine monohydrate with Cetyldimethylethylammonium Bromide." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 69 (February 2014): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2013.09.030.

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20

Jan, Chowdhury Moin, Mostaque H. Sattar, Mujibur Rahman Howlader, and Kumkum Pervin. "Prophylactic use of cephradine in dental procedures: A observational study in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education 5, no. 2 (August 27, 2015): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v5i2.24716.

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Bacteremia is common with manipulation of the teeth and periodontal tissues during dental procedures. Majority of dental office visits result in some degree of bacteremia that warrants antibiotic prophylaxis before a dental procedure to reduce the frequency, nature or duration of bacteremia. This study aimed to collect data on prophylactic use of cephradine which is most preferred in dental procedures in Bangladesh. A total 2219 of patients both adult and children above 5 years were enrolled to assess use of antibiotic, its dose and duration for antibiotic prophylaxis during dental procedures. Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in terms of clinical cure, further dose modification and need to change antibiotic was evaluated at day 10 of antibiotic use and in case of root canal therapy at day 30. Any side effect of antibiotic use recorded within 3 days was considered for safety evaluation. This was a non-controlled, multicentre, observational study. 2016 (90.9%) of the patients received cephradine as prophylactic antibiotic with a mean dosage of 500mg (487.48+60.99) and duration of treatment was 3-7 days (5.47+1.03). Some of the dentists also preferred amoxicillin (149, 6.7%) and cephalexin (54, 2.4%) for prophylaxis. The majority of the patients (1657, 82.2%) who had prophylaxis with cephradine had no clinical sign of infection and some of the patients needed to change their initial dose or change of the antibiotic. Overall 1816 (81.8%) patients were found having no clinical sign of infection on antibiotic prophylaxis. Among the patients 239 (10.7%) needed to change the dose of prescribed antibiotic and 55 (2.4%) were required to change their prescribed antibiotic. However, the data on type of infection was not recorded. 109 (4.9%) patients were lost to follow up on Day 10. Prescribed antibiotic prophylaxis was not associated with adverse events in majority (91%) of the patients. Some of the patients reported diarrhea (104, 4.7%), stomach upset (68, 3.1%) and dizziness (31, 1.4%) during antibiotic use. However, those were self-limiting and no dose adjustment, discontinuation of therapy or withdrawal from the study was required. No serious adverse events were reported. Cephradine 500 mg for 5 days course was preferred as prophylactic antibiotic in dental procedures in this study. Majority of the patients had no clinical sign of infection on evaluation at day 10. Cephradine therapy was mostly not associated with adverse events in patients; however, diarrhea, stomach upset and dizziness were reported in some patients that were self-limiting.Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research and Education Vol.5(2) 2015: 49-54

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21

Masri, Abdulkader, Ayaz Anwar, Dania Ahmed, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Muhammad Raza Shah, and Naveed Khan. "Silver Nanoparticle Conjugation-Enhanced Antibacterial Efficacy of Clinically Approved Drugs Cephradine and Vildagliptin." Antibiotics 7, no. 4 (November 15, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7040100.

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This paper sets out to determine whether silver nanoparticles conjugation enhance the antibacterial efficacy of clinically approved drugs. Silver conjugated Cephradine and Vildagliptin were synthesized and thoroughly characterized by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic methods, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Using antibacterial assays, the effects of drugs alone and drugs-conjugated with silver nanoparticles were tested against a variety of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including neuropathogenic Escherichia coli K1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Cytopathogenicity assays were performed to determine whether pretreatment of bacteria with drugs inhibit bacterial-mediated host cell cytotoxicity. The UV-vis spectra of both silver-drug nanoconjugates showed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance band in the range of 400–450 nm. AFM further confirmed the morphology of nanoparticles and revealed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with size distribution of 30–80 nm. FT-IR analysis demonstrated the involvement of Hydroxyl groups in both drugs in the stabilization of silver nanoparticles. Antibacterial assays showed that silver nanoparticle conjugation enhanced antibacterial potential of both Cephradine and Vildagliptin compared to the drugs alone. Pretreatment of bacteria with drugs inhibited E. coli K1-mediated host cell cytotoxicity. In summary, conjugation with silver nanoparticle enhanced antibacterial effects of clinically approved Cephradine. These findings suggest that modifying and/or repurposing clinically approved drugs using nanotechnology is a feasible approach in our search for effective antibacterial molecules.

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22

Khan, Burhan, Aaliya Minhaz, Ihsan Ali, Said Nadeem, Sammer Yousuf, Muhammad Ishaq, and Muhammad Raza Shah. "Fluorescent supramolecular tweezers for selective recognition of cephradine." Tetrahedron Letters 56, no. 4 (January 2015): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.040.

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23

Moran, Sergio V., Francisco Montiel, Guillermo Acuña, Jeanette Vergara, Manuel J. Irarrazaval, Gustavo Maturana, and Juan Dubernet. "Cephradine and cefazolin plasma levels during cardiac surgery." Perfusion 1, no. 1 (January 1986): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765918600100105.

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A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was carried out to evaluate two prophylactic regimes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Antibiotic plasma levels were measured in fifty consecutive adult patients undergoing valve and coronary surgery. They were divided into two comparable groups of 25 patients, each matched in age, sex, type of operation and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass. Group 1 received 1 g of cephradine with the anaesthetic premedication, 1 g in the prime of the oxygenator and 1 g every six hours during the first 72 hours of the postoperative course. Group 2 received cefazolin following the same protocol except that they received 1 g every eight hours during the postoperative course. There were no allergic or toxic reactions and no infections up to two months follow-up in both groups. Antibiotic plasma levels were significantly higher (p < 0·001) in the cefazolin group in four out of five sampling periods. Antibiotic plasma levels for group 1 versus group 2 were as follows: initial level 11·7 ± 5.2 mcg/ml vs 31 4 ± 35·4 mcg/ml. During cardiopulmonary bypass 26·6 ± 9·5 mcg/ml vs 51·7 ± 21 ·1 mcg/ml. Final levels 13·6 ± 7·0 mcg/ml vs 32·2 ± 17·8 mcg/ml. Baseline levels 2·7 ± 2·3 mcg/ml vs 6·· ± 7·7 mcg/ml and peak level 44·0 ± 16·2 mcg/ml vs 51·2 ± 23·4 mcg/ml (NS). The results of this study demonstrate that cefazolin achieved significantly higher plasma levels during the different phases of the operation and early postoperative period. Also, cefazolin and cephradine levels are above the minimal inhibitory concentrations for the gram positive and gram negative susceptible bacteria, except for the basal levels obtained by cephradine. The favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics of cefazolin, makes it a good choice for prophylactic use during cardiac surgery.

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24

Anacona, J. R., and Faricar Acosta. "Synthesis and antibacterial activity of cephradine metal complexes." Journal of Coordination Chemistry 59, no. 6 (April 15, 2006): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958970500393208.

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25

Ali, Azza M. M., M. A. Ghandour, and Mahmoud Khodari. "Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of uranium with cephradine." Analyst 120, no. 4 (1995): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9952001065.

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26

Shoukry, M. M., E. M. Shoukry, and S. M. El-Medani. "Metal complexes of cephradine: Synthesis and equilibrium studies." Monatshefte f�r Chemie Chemical Monthly 126, no. 8-9 (1995): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00811010.

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27

Conn, I. G., and L. E. F. Moffat. "Short-term cephradine prophylaxis in elective transurethral prostatectomy." Journal of Hospital Infection 11, no. 4 (May 1988): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(88)90091-6.

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28

El Emam, M. A., W. A. El Naggar, and T. M. Ibrahiem. "Antipseudomonal activity and nephrotoxicity of cephradine-netilmicin combination." Archives of Pharmacal Research 12, no. 2 (June 1989): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02857733.

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29

Modak, Biswajit, Md Shahinur Rahman, Mohammad Shahid Gazi, Md Aftab Uddin, and Tasmina Rahman. "Antimicrobial potency assay of common antibiotics collected from different drug stores in Dhaka Metropolis." Stamford Journal of Microbiology 3, no. 1 (March 26, 2015): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22749.

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Antibiotic, known as the magic bullet, was developed to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Efficacy of an antibiotic depends on its target site on bacteria. The current public health issue is the emergence of resistant bacterial strains against these drugs. The present study was undertaken to perform the routine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of eight laboratory isolates (Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp. and Listeria spp.) against eleven different categories of antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Cephradine, Metronidazole, Cefuroxime, Cefixime, Levofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Doxycycline, Erythromycin and Flucloxacillin) available in local markets of Dhaka metropolis. Among these antibiotics, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime, Levofloxacin and Doxycycline showed the highest potency against these bacteria. On the contrary, Amoxicillin and Metronidazole showed almost no potency. Erythromycin, Cephradine and Flucloxacillin gave variable effectivity against the tested isolates. These findings reveal that measures for prevention and containment of antimicrobial resistance are necessary in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22749 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.3(1) 2013: 26-29

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30

Sukhdev, Anu, A. S. Manjunatha, and Puttaswamy Puttaswamy. "Oxidative Cleavage of β-Lactam Ring of Cephalosporins with Chloramine-T in Alkaline Medium: A Kinetic, Mechanistic, and Reactivity Study." ISRN Physical Chemistry 2013 (May 20, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/738932.

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Cephalosporins are β-lactam antibiotics, and the important drugs of this group are cephalexin, cefadroxil and cephradine. In the present research, the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of cephalexin (CEX), cefadroxil (CFL), and cephradine (CPD) with chloramine-T (CAT) in alkaline medium were investigated at 301 K. All the three oxidation reactions follow identical kinetics with a first-order dependence each on [CAT]o and [substrate]o. The reaction is catalyzed by hydroxide ions, and the order is found to be fractional. The dielectric effect is negative. Proton inventory studies in H2O-D2O mixtures with CEX as a probe have been made. Activation parameters and reaction constants have been evaluated. Oxidation products were identified by mass spectral analysis. An isokinetic relation was observed with β = 378 K, indicating that enthalpy factors control the rate. The rate increases in the following order: CPD > CFL > CEX. The proposed mechanism and the derived rate law are consistent with the observed kinetics.

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31

Devani, Muljibhai B., Ila T. Patel, and Tushar M. Patel. "Rapid Spectrophotometric Assay of Cephradine and its Dosage Forms." Analytical Letters 24, no. 6 (June 1991): 971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719108054367.

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32

Lakshmanan, P., and D. P. Thomas. "Anaphylaxis following prophylactic i.v. cephradine in an orthopaedic patient." European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology 15, no. 1 (November 12, 2004): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00590-004-0186-6.

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33

Mohammad Ali, Azza Mohammad. "Polarogaphic determination of cephradine in aqueous and biological media." Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 33, no. 2 (May 1994): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0302-4598(94)85012-7.

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34

Sher, Muhammad, Bushra Basharat, Faiza Hassan, Muhammad Naeem-ul-Hassan, Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari, and Muhammad Ajaz Hussain. "Gastroretentive floating matrix tablets of cephradine based on psyllium husk." Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jbibn.18.00049.

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35

Hussain, Iqbal, Syed Salman, Sarwat Iftikhar, Samin Jan, Junaid Akhter, Muhammad Ramzan, Atta Ullah, et al. "Synthesis of Cephradine Metal Complexes and its Anti-bacterial Evaluation." Sains Malaysiana 47, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4704-13.

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36

Tasić, Žaklina Z., Marija B. Petrović Mihajlović, Milan B. Radovanović, Ana T. Simonović, and Milan M. Antonijević. "Cephradine as corrosion inhibitor for copper in 0.9% NaCl solution." Journal of Molecular Structure 1159 (May 2018): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.01.031.

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37

Foster, David R., Shiyin Yee, Barry E. Bleske, Peggy L. Carver, Michael J. Shea, Sujatha S. Menon, Chandrasekharan Ramachandran, Lynda S. Welage, and Gordon L. Amidon. "Lack of Interaction Between the Peptidomimetic Substrates Captopril and Cephradine." Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 49, no. 3 (March 2009): 360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270008329554.

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38

HENRY, MICHELLE M., DEBRA DEEM MORRIS, J. LAKRITZ, and D. AUCOIN. "Pharmacokinetics of cephradine in neonatal foals after single oral dosing." Equine Veterinary Journal 24, no. 3 (May 1992): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02823.x.

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39

Vollaard, E. J., H. A. L. Clasener, and A. J. H. M. Janssen. "Influence of Cephradine on Microbial Colonisation Resistance in Healthy Volunteers." Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 5, no. 3 (January 1992): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08910609209141309.

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40

Wu, Zhoujun, Bo Feng, Jie Weng, Shuxin Qu, Jianxin Wang, and Xiong Lu. "Biomimetic apatite coatings on titanium coprecipitated with cephradine andsalviae miltlorrhizae." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 84B, no. 2 (2008): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.30895.

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41

Kemperman, Gerardus J., René de Gelder, Ron Wehrens, Frederik J. Dommerholt, Antonius J. H. Klunder, Lutgarde M. C. Buydens, and Binne Zwanenburg. "A computational model to predict clathration of molecules with cephradine†." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, no. 6 (2001): 981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b009629f.

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Kemperman, G. J., F. J. Dommerholt, B. Zwanenburg, R. de Gelder, C. G. P. H. Schroën, and R. Bosma. "Complexants for the clathration mediated synthesis of the antibiotic cephradine." Green Chemistry 3, no. 4 (2001): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b102949p.

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43

MacDERMOTT, J. P., R. E. EWING, J. F. S. SOMERVILLE, and B. K. GRAY. "Cephradine Prophylaxis in Transurethral Procedures for Carcinoma of the Bladder." British Journal of Urology 62, no. 2 (August 1988): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1988.tb04292.x.

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44

Zeluff, B. J., P. Lowe, H. J. Koornhof, and L. O. Gentry. "Evaluation of roxithromycin (RU-965) versus cephradine in pneumococcal pneumonia." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 7, no. 1 (February 1988): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01962179.

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Raja, Daim Asif, Fazeelah Munir, Muhammad Raza Shah, Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger, and Muhammad Imran Malik. "Colorimetric sensing of cephradine through polypropylene glycol functionalized gold nanoparticles." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 5 (May 2021): 210185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210185.

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Abstract:

The development of metal nanoparticle-based facile colorimetric assays for drugs and insecticides is an emerging area of current scientific research. In the present work, polypropylene glycol was used for stabilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a simple one-pot two-phase process and subsequently employed it for the specific detection of cephradine (CPH). The characterization of the prepared PPG-AuNPs was conducted through various analytical techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), zeta potential and zetasizer techniques. As the major target of the study, the stabilized PPG-AuNPs were employed for colorimetric detection of CPH and other drugs. Typical wine-red colour of PPG-AuNPs disappeared immediately and surface plasmon resonance band quenched by addition of CPH in the presence of several other interferents (drugs and salts) and in real samples. PPG-AuNPs permitted efficient, selective, reliable and rapid determination in a concentration range of 0.01–120 mM with a detection limit (LoD) of 11.0 mM. The developed sensor has the potential to be used for fast scanning of pharmaceutical formulations for quantification of CPH at production facilities.

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De Fijter, Caroline W. H., Piet M. Ter Wee, Liem P. Oe, and Henri A. Verbrugh. "Intraperitoneal Ciprofloxacin and Rifampicin versus Cephradine as Initial Treatment of (C)Apd-Related Peritonitis: A Prospective Randomized Multicenter Comparison (Cipper Trial)." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 21, no. 5 (September 2001): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080102100509.

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Abstract:

Objective The initial treatment of peritonitis has evolved from single-agent to combination regimens. The initial response rates improved with these newer regimens but relapsing peritonitis continues to occur. For biofilm-embedded or intracellularly sequestrated bacteria, a combination of intracellularly- and biofilm-active agents such as ciprofloxacin and rifampicin might be beneficial. Many Dutch centers continue to use cephradine as initial treatment, claiming clinically adequate responses with this regimen. We compared the impact of these two regimens on outcome in patients who developed a new episode of peritonitis. Design Prospective randomized open trial. Setting Multicenter study including 14 Dutch dialysis units. Patients and Interventions From October 1996 to October 1999, 367 patients from 14 centers were randomized to be treated with ciprofloxacin + rifampicin (CR; each 50 mg/L) or cephradine (C; 250 mg/L) in case of peritonitis. Of these 367 patients, 98 developed peritonitis, 44 of whom were treated with CR and 54 with C. Main Outcome Measures Clinical response, divided into early (during the 2 weeks of therapy) and late (including the following 4 weeks) response. Success was defined as disappearance of all signs and symptoms by days 4 - 6, through day 42. Bacteriological response was either success (eradication) or failure (persistence, superinfection, or eradication with relapse/reinfection). Results The groups were comparable for age, sex, duration of continuous ambulatory/automated peritoneal dialysis, and occurrence of diabetes. Bacteriological cultures in both groups revealed predominantly gram-positive micro-organisms. Initial and late clinical successes were obtained in 27/54 and 20/54 episodes (50% and 37%) in the C group, and 33/44 and 28/44 episodes (75% and 63.6%) in the CR group ( p = 0.021 and p = 0.019). Bacteriological success occurred in 29.6% in the C group, and in 59.1% in the CR group ( p = 0.026), with failure in 46.3% and 18.2%, respectively. Peritonitis episodes were bacteriologically not evaluable in 24.1% of episodes in the C group and 22.7% of episodes in the CR group, due mostly to no growth in the initial culture. Conclusion The CIPPER Trial showed ciprofloxacin + rifampicin to be superior to cephradine as empiric treatment of peritonitis.

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Wu, Men-Tai, and Sung-Nan Pei. "Development of Cephradine-Induced Acquired Factor V Inhibitors: A Case Report." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 44, no. 10 (August 31, 2010): 1673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1p324.

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Kemperman, Gerardus J., René de Gelder, F. J. Dommerholt, Antonius J. H. Klunder, and Binne Zwanenburg. "Molecular Selectivity and Cooperativity in the Clathrate-Type Complexation of Cephradine." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2002, no. 2 (January 2002): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0690(20021)2002:2<345::aid-ejoc345>3.0.co;2-v.

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Davies, A. J., R. M. Lockley, A. Jones, M. El-Safty, and J. C. Clothier. "Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefamandole, cefuroxime and cephradine during total hip replacement." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 17, no. 5 (1986): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/17.5.637.

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Butt, Atiya, Sehrish Jabeen, Numrah Nisar, Atif Islam, Nafisa Gull, Sadia Sagar Iqbal, Shahzad Maqsood Khan, and Basit Yameen. "Controlled release of cephradine by biopolymers based target specific crosslinked hydrogels." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 121 (January 2019): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.018.

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