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Journal articles on the topic 'Ceramic and Materials Science and Engineering. Ceramics. Rare earths'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Karunaratne, B. S. B., R. J. Lumby та M. H. Lewis. "Rare-earth-doped α′-Sialon ceramics with novel optical properties". Journal of Materials Research 11, № 11 (1996): 2790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0353.

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A new phenomenon in the field of Sialon ceramics is reported which may lead to applications based on their optical or electronic properties in combination with their mechanical and thermal properties. For the first time a colored α′-Sialon ceramic has been synthesized, with relatively high optical transparency by careful control of the sintering atmosphere, and adding suitable rare earths as stabilizing cations. This compares with normal Sialons and silicon nitrides which are grey-black in color and are opaque. Oxidation/reduction mechanisms have been identified as an influence on the valence

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2

Lahoz, F., I. R. Martín, U. R. Rodríguez-Mendoza, et al. "Rare earths in nanocrystalline glass–ceramics." Optical Materials 27, no. 11 (2005): 1762–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2004.11.047.

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3

Kim, Dong Wan, and Kug Sun Hong. "Materials Design with Enhanced Temperature Stability of Resonant Frequency for High Frequency Application." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.173.

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For low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) materials to achieve increase functionality, as well as low loss and moderate dielectric constant, it is essential to achieve the temperature stability of the resonant frequency. Facing several empirical approaches toward tuning the temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τf) through the formation of mixtures or a solid-solution between the two end members with opposite signs of τf, which result in higher dielectric loss, we took a closer look at the texture engineering that determines the anisotropic dielectric properties in barium niobate

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4

Rosson, Egle, Acacio Rincón Romero, Denis Badocco, et al. "Production of Porous Ceramic Materials from Spent Fluorescent Lamps." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (2021): 6056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136056.

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Spent fluorescent lamps (SFL) are classified as hazardous materials in the European Waste Catalogue, which includes residues from various hi-tech devices. The most common end-of-life treatment of SFL consists in the recovery of rare earth elements from the phosphor powders, with associated problems in the management of the glass residues, which are usually landfilled. This study involves the manufacturing of porous ceramics from both the coarse glass-rich fraction and the phosphor-enriched fraction of spent fluorescent lamps. These porous materials, realizing the immobilization of Rare Earth E

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5

Zheng, Hairong, Xiangyu Zhang, Dangli Gao, and Richard S. Meltzer. "Optical Dephasing of Triply Ionized Rare Earths in Transparent Glass Ceramics Containing LaF3 Nanocrystals." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 3 (2008): 1214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18174.

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Optical dephasing of Pr3+ and Tm3+ ions doped in transparent oxyfluoride glass ceramics was studied with the two-pulse photon echo technique. It was found that the dephasing time of rare earth ions is dramatically less in nanocrystals embedded in a glass matrix than in bulk crystals. Aquasi-linear temperature dependence obtained at low temperatures proved that the long-range interaction of the ions inside the nanocrystals with the two level systems of the glass matrix dominates the optical dephasing. The local thermal effect in glass ceramics containing nanocrystals elevates the local temperat

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6

Surendran, Kuzhichalil Peethambaran, Sam Solomon, Manoj Raama Varma, Pezholil Mohanan, and Mailadil Thomas Sebastian. "Microwave dielectric properties of RETiTaO6 (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Yb, Al, and In) ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 10 (2002): 2561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0372.

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Microwave dielectric ceramics based on RETiTaO6 (RE = La, Cc, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Yb, Al, and In) were prepared using a conventional solid-state ceramic route. The structure and microstructure of the samples were analyzed using x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The sintered samples were characterized in the microwave frequency region. The ceramics based on Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, and Dy, which crystallize in orthorhombic aeschynite structure, had a relatively high dielectric constant and positive τf while those based on Ho, Er, and Yb, with o

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7

Ali, Murad, Yaseen Iqbal, and Raz Muhammad. "Phase evolution and microwave dielectric properties of A5M5O17-type ceramics." Materials Science-Poland 35, no. 2 (2017): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2017-0047.

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Abstract A number of A5M5O17 (A = Na, Ca, Sr, La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Yb; B = Ti, Nb, Ta) type compounds were prepared by a solid-state sintering route and characterized in terms of structure, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties. The compatibility of rare earths with mixed niobate/tantalate and titanate phases was investigated. The larger ionic radii mismatch resulted in the formation of pyrochlore and/or mixed phases while in other cases, pure A5M5O17 phase was formed. The samples exhibited relative permittivity in the range of 35 to 82, quality factor (Q × fo) = 897 GHz to 11946 G

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8

Zheng, Hairong, Xiangyu Zhang, Dangli Gao, and Richard S. Meltzer. "Optical Dephasing of Triply Ionized Rare Earths in Transparent Glass Ceramics Containing LaF3 Nanocrystals." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 3 (2008): 1214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.342.

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9

Gautam, C. R., Devendra Kumar, and Om Parkash. "Crystallization Behavior and Microstructural Analysis of Lead-Rich () Glass Ceramics Containing 1 mole." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/402376.

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Solid solution of perovskite Pb,SrTiO3in Pb-rich composition can be crystallized in borosilicate glassy matrix. The addition of rare earth and transition metal oxides is known to influence the crystallization behavior and surface morphology of perovskite crystallites in glassy matrix. In the present paper, the glasses in the lead-rich system 64[(PbxSr1-x)·TiO3]-25[2SiO2·B2O3]-5[K2O]-5[BaO] () with the addition of 1 mol % La2O3were prepared to study its effect on their crystallization behavior. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) patterns show one or more exothermic crystallization sharp peaks,

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10

Yi, Hao, Junwei Che, Gongying Liang, and Xiangyang Liu. "Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Stability and Sintering Resistance of Tetragonal Zirconia for Advanced Thermal Barrier Coatings." Crystals 11, no. 3 (2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030287.

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The effect of dopant species on the sintering resistance of zirconia-based ceramics remains a huge challenge in terms of both experiment and theory. As one of the most popular materials for high-temperature protective coatings, it is still urgent to obtain rare earth-doped ZrO2 with high sintering resistance and good phase stability. Here, the sintering resistance and phase stability of rare earth oxides (La2O3, Nd2O3, Gd2O3, and Y2O3)-stabilized zirconia (ZrO2) were thoroughly studied by theoretical and experimental methods. According to experimental data, ZrO2 doped with rare earth ions with

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11

Berneschi, S., S. Soria, G. C. Righini, et al. "Rare-earth-activated glass–ceramic waveguides." Optical Materials 32, no. 12 (2010): 1644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2010.04.035.

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12

Porcayo-Calderon, J., J. J. Ramos-Hernandez, C. D. Arrieta-Gonzalez, et al. "Synthesis by Hydrothermal Treatment of ZnO-Based Varistors Doped with Rare Earth Oxides and Their Characterization by Impedance Spectroscopy." Crystals 10, no. 12 (2020): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10121134.

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ZnO-based ceramic varistors have shown excellent electrical and dielectric properties due to their characteristics microstructures represented by the arrangement of their grains and grain boundaries that allow the absorption and flow of energy when subjected to an electrical surge. Their properties and characteristics depend on their chemical compositions and processing routes. Typical processing routes involve several stages of grinding and precalcination—which are time consuming processes. Because of this, this study proposes a simpler and cheaper alternative route for processing ceramic var

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13

Bohari, Nur Zu Ira, R. Hussin, Zuhairi Ibrahim, and Hendrik O. Lintang. "Analysis of emission of Eu3+ and Dy3+ doped Magnesium Boro-Tellurite (MBT) ceramics." Materials Science-Poland 33, no. 1 (2015): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2015-0018.

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AbstractRare earth (RE) ions play an important role in the improvement of the optical properties of ceramics. Rare-earth ceramics are commonly used in display panels, fluorescent lamps and lasers. The luminescence properties of Magnesium Boro-Tellurite (MBT) Eu3+ and Dy3+ doped ceramics have not been reported before. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the effect of different compositions on the luminescence properties of the MBT material. A series of xTeO2-(70-x)B2O3-30MgO ceramics with 10 ≤ x ≤ 40 mol % doped with 1 mol % of Eu3+ and Dy3+ ions was prepared via the solid-state re

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14

Mortier, M., A. Bensalah, G. Dantelle, G. Patriarche, and D. Vivien. "Rare-earth doped oxyfluoride glass-ceramics and fluoride ceramics: Synthesis and optical properties." Optical Materials 29, no. 10 (2007): 1263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2005.12.014.

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15

Volkova, Elena A., Daniil A. Naprasnikov, and Nikolay I. Leonyuk. "Thin Films and Glass–Ceramic Composites of Huntite Borates Family: A Brief Review." Crystals 10, no. 6 (2020): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060487.

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Rare-earth aluminum borates, RAl3(BO3)4 (where R = Y, Pr–Lu), are of great interest because of their attractive multifunctional properties, depending on their structure and composition. The combination of desirable physical and chemical characteristics makes them promising materials for lasers and nonlinear optics. Research focusing on RAl3(BO3)4 (RAB) compounds and their solids solutions has continued for more than five decades and has been reflected in numerous articles and several reviews. The last decade’s enhanced interest is being conducted towards epitaxial layers because of the availab

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16

Furtado, José Geraldo de Melo, Luiz Antônio Saléh, Eduardo Torres Serra, Glória Suzana Gomes de Oliveira, and Maria Cecília de Souza Nóbrega. "Microstructural evaluation of rare-earth-zinc oxide-based varistor ceramics." Materials Research 8, no. 4 (2005): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-14392005000400011.

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17

Mahboob, Syed, A. B. Dutta, Chandra Prakash, et al. "Dielectric behaviour of microwave sintered rare-earth doped BaTiO3 ceramics." Materials Science and Engineering: B 134, no. 1 (2006): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2006.06.050.

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18

Sato, K., H. Yugami, and T. Hashida. "Effect of rare-earth oxides on fracture properties of ceria ceramics." Journal of Materials Science 39, no. 18 (2004): 5765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jmsc.0000040087.37727.cd.

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19

Du, Xueli, Mingli Qin, Akhtar Farid, Islam S. Humail, and Xuanhui Qu. "Study of rare-earth oxide sintering aid systems for AlN ceramics." Materials Science and Engineering: A 460-461 (July 2007): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.137.

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20

Aung, Yan Lin, S. Nakayama, and M. Sakamoto. "Electrical properties of MREGeO4 (M = Li, Na, K; RE = rare earth) ceramics." Journal of Materials Science 40, no. 1 (2005): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-5697-y.

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21

Belous, A. G. "Properties of lithium ion-conducting ceramics based on rare-earth titanates." Ionics 4, no. 5-6 (1998): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02375878.

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22

Yurdakul, Hilmi, Juan C. Idrobo, Stephen J. Pennycook, and Servet Turan. "Towards atomic scale engineering of rare-earth-doped SiAlON ceramics through aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy." Scripta Materialia 65, no. 8 (2011): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.06.038.

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23

Li, Bin, and Ellen D. Williams. "Stability of the YBa2Cu3O7−x−Si interface." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 8 (1991): 1634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.1634.

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Electron spectroscopies were used to study the reaction of Si and SiO2 layers with high-Tc superconductors at room temperature and under annealing conditions. The superconductor samples include YBa2Cu3O7 ceramic and thin film samples as well as GdBa2Cu3O7 ceramic samples. The results show that the Si overlayers withdraw oxygen from the superconductor and form an interfacial layer of Si oxide at room temperature. Annealing increases the reaction rate so that films as thick as 30 Å become completely oxidized following annealing above approximately 100 °C. Ba segregates to the surface from the bu

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24

Goutaland, F., P. Jander, W. S. Brocklesby, and Guojun Dai. "Crystallisation effects on rare earth dopants in oxyfluoride glass ceramics." Optical Materials 22, no. 4 (2003): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-3467(02)00373-7.

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25

Fujimoto, Yutaka, Takayuki Yanagida, Yuui Yokota, Akio Ikesue, and Akira Yoshikawa. "Evaluation of characterization of rare-earth doped sesquioxide ceramic scintillators." Optical Materials 34, no. 2 (2011): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2011.03.049.

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26

Yu, Zhonghui, Xin Meng, Zhiqiang Zheng, et al. "Room temperature multiferroic properties of rare-earth-substituted Aurivillius phase Bi5Ti3Fe0.7Co0.3O15 ceramics." Materials Research Bulletin 115 (July 2019): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2019.04.002.

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27

El-Dek, S. I., M. A. Ahmed, and Alaaeldin A. Eltawil. "Laser induced adjustment of the conductivity of rare earth doped Mn-Zn nanoferrite." Materials Science-Poland 35, no. 3 (2017): 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2017-0081.

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AbstractTwo series of Mn-Zn nanoferrites (namely Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 and Mn1-xZnxFe2-yRyO4) were synthesized using standard ceramic technique. X-ray diffraction and FT-IR were employed in the chacterization of the nanopowder. The X-ray density for each sample increased after laser irradiation which was correlated with the decrease in the unit cell volume. The study involved the thermal and frequency variation of the dielectric constant and AC conductivity of the investigated samples before and after laser irradiation. The later altered the conductivity by decreasing its value for the rare earth dope

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28

Prasad, N. Venkata, and G. Subramanya Kumar. "Low temperature magnetoelectric measurements on rare earth substituted bismuth layered structure ferroelectromagnetic ceramic." Materials Science and Engineering: B 108, no. 3 (2004): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2003.09.015.

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29

Baldacim, S. A., C. Santos, O. M. M. Silva, and C. R. M. Silva. "Ceramics composites Si3N4–SiC(w) containing rare earth concentrate (CRE) as sintering aids." Materials Science and Engineering: A 367, no. 1-2 (2004): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.278.

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30

Shan, Zhifa, Daqin Chen, Yunlong Yu, Ping Huang, Hang Lin, and Yuansheng Wang. "Luminescence in rare earth-doped transparent glass ceramics containing GdF3 nanocrystals for lighting applications." Journal of Materials Science 45, no. 10 (2010): 2775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4266-1.

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31

Jones, Mark I., Kiyoshi Hirao, Hideki Hyuga та Yukihiko Yamauchi. "Effect of rare-earth species on the wear properties of α sialon and β silicon nitride ceramics under tribochemical type conditions". Journal of Materials Research 19, № 9 (2004): 2750–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0357.

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The wear properties under low loads of β Si3N4 and α sialon materials sintered with different rare-earth oxide sintering additives have been studied under dry sliding conditions using block-on-ring wear tests. All the worn surfaces showed an absence of fracture and smooth surfaces with the presence of an oxygen-rich filmlike debris indicating tribochemically induced oxidation of the surfaces. Extensive grain boundary removal was observed on the worn surfaces thought to be due to adhesion between this silicate phase and the tribochemically oxidized surfaces. The resistance to such oxidation and

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32

Paschoal, C. W. A., R. L. Moreira, K. P. Surendran, and M. T. Sebastian. "Infrared reflectivity and intrinsic dielectric behavior of RETiTaO6 (RE = Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb) microwave ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 5 (2005): 1164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0163.

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In this work, we performed infrared reflectivity measurements of RETiTaO6 dielectric ceramics for rare-earth (RE) = Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb. The infrared spectra were analyzed through the four-parameter semi-quantum model based on two orthorhombic (aeschynite and euxenite) structures presented by the ceramics. We discerned the strongest phonon modes that contribute to the intrinsic dielectric behavior of the two families. Then the unloaded quality factors and the dielectric permittivities were estimated at the microwave region. The variations of the intrinsic dielectr

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33

He, Xiulan, Feng Ye, Haijiao Zhang, and Limeng Liu. "Study of rare-earth oxide sintering additive systems for Spark Plasma Sintering AlN ceramics." Materials Science and Engineering: A 527, no. 20 (2010): 5268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.04.098.

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34

Shen, Zhijian, Per-Olov Käll, and Mats Nygren. "Effects of Phase Equilibrium on the Oxidation Behavior of Rare-earth-doped a-sialon ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 4 (1999): 1462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0197.

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A series of rare-earth-(RE-)doped α-sialons (RExSi12–4.5xAl4.5xO1.5xN16–1.5x, with x = 0.40 for RE = Nd, Sm, Yb, and x = 0.48 for RE = Y) were prepared and heat-treated in air at 1350 °C for 66–727 h (3–30 days), and the variations in composition and structure with time of the formed oxide scales and matrix materials were investigated. In the oxide scales of the Nd-, Sm-, and Y-containing samples a liquid was formed, apparently in (quasi-)equilibrium with the crystalline phases cristobalite and mullite, while only crystalline Yb2Si2O7, cristobalite, and mullite were observed in the Yb sample.

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35

Fellner, Madeleine, Alberto Soppelsa, and Alessandro Lauria. "Heat-Induced Transformation of Luminescent, Size Tuneable, Anisotropic Eu:Lu(OH)2Cl Microparticles to Micro-Structurally Controlled Eu:Lu2O3 Microplatelets." Crystals 11, no. 8 (2021): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080992.

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Synthetic procedures to obtain size and shape-controlled microparticles hold great promise to achieve structural control on the microscale of macroscopic ceramic- or composite-materials. Lutetium oxide is a material relevant for scintillation due to its high density and the possibility to dope with rare earth emitter ions. However, rare earth sesquioxides are challenging to synthesise using bottom-up methods. Therefore, calcination represents an interesting approach to transform lutetium-based particles to corresponding sesquioxides. Here, the controlled solvothermal synthesis of size-tuneable

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36

Zhou, You, Kiyoshi Hirao, Yukihiko Yamauchi, and Shuzo Kanzaki. "Effects of rare-earth oxide and alumina additives on thermal conductivity of liquid-phase-sintered silicon carbide." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 8 (2003): 1854–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0259.

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SiC ceramics were prepared from a β–SiC powder doped with two different sintering additives—a mixture of La2O3and Y2O3and a mixture of Al2O3and Y2O3—by hot pressing and annealing. Their microstructures, phase compositions, lattice oxygen contents, and thermal conductivities were evaluated. The SiC doped with rare-earth oxides attained thermal conductivities in excess of 200 W/(m K); however, the SiC doped with additives containing alumina had thermal conductivities lower than 71 W/(m K). The high thermal conductivity of the rare-earth-oxide-doped SiC was attributed to the low oxygen content in

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37

Prado-Gonjal, J., C. López, R. Pinacca та ін. "Correlation between Crystal Structure and Thermoelectric Properties of Sr1−xTi0.9Nb0.1O3−δ Ceramics". Crystals 10, № 2 (2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10020100.

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Polycrystalline Sr1−xTi0.9Nb0.1O3−δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2) ceramics have been prepared by the solid state method and their structural and thermoelectric properties have been studied by neutron powder diffraction (NPD), thermal, and transport measurements. The structural analysis of Sr1-xTi0.9Nb0.1O3−δ (x = 0.1, 0.2) confirms the presence of a significant amount of oxygen vacancies, associated with the Sr-deficiency of the materials. The analysis of the anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs) indicates a strong softening of the overall phonon modes for these samples, which is confirmed by the ext

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38

Chandramouli, K., and Ramam Koduri. "Dielectric and pyroelectric studies of Li-modified rare-earth dysprosium-doped barium strontium sodium niobate ceramics." Journal of Materials Science 44, no. 7 (2009): 1793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3265-6.

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39

Pérez-Estébanez, M., R. Pastrana-Fábregas, J. Isasi-Marín, and R. Sáez-Puche. "Inorganic pigments based on fluorite-type oxynitrides." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 6 (2006): 1427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0177.

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Zirconia oxynitride rare-earth-doped pigments were prepared by ammonolysis of the zirconium rare-earth oxides, previously synthesized using the citrate complexation/calcination route. Different coloration has been obtained, the intensity of which is a function of the nitrogen amount in the case of the oxynitrides; in the case of the oxides, both color and intensity depend on the doping amount of rare earth. The obtained phases, Zr(1−x)CexO2, Zr(1−x)RxO(2−x/2)□x/2, with R = Eu or Er and Zr(1−x)RxO(2−x/2−3/2y)Ny□x/2■y/2 (R = Ce, Eu, and Er), have been characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, s

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40

Ha, Taewan, and Seunggu Kang. "Crystallization Mechanism and Photoluminescence Properties of CaF2–Al2O3–SiO2: Eu Glass-Ceramics Based on Nano-Scale Phase Separation Phenomenon." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 11 (2020): 6609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18773.

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In this paper, CaF2–Al2O3–SiO2 glass containing nano-sized CaF2 crystals were fabricated using phase separation phenomenon and the effects of rare earth ion (Eu) addition on the optical properties were investigated. The formation conditions for nano-sized CaF2 crystal phase were confirmed using non-isothermal analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, while inhibiting anorthite or wollastonite crystal formation. The phase separation phenomenon in the mother glass and the nano-sized crystals generated by heat treatment were observed through the microstructure analysis using scanning elec

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41

Verma, Ajay S., Narendra M. Suri, and Suman Kant. "Applications of bauxite residue: A mini-review." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 10 (2017): 999–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17720290.

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Bauxite residue is the waste generated during alumina production by Bayer’s process. The amount of bauxite residue (40–50 wt%) generated depends on the quality of bauxite ore used for the processing. High alkalinity and high caustic content in bauxite residue causes environmental risk for fertile soil and ground water contamination. The caustic (NaOH) content in bauxite residue leads to human health risks, like dermal problems and irritation to eyes. Moreover, disposal of bauxite residue requires a large area; such problems can only be minimised by utilising bauxite residue effectively. For tw

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42

Secu, C. E., M. Secu, C. Ghica, and L. Mihut. "Rare-earth doped sol–gel derived oxyfluoride glass–ceramics: Structural and optical characterization." Optical Materials 33, no. 11 (2011): 1770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2011.06.004.

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43

Mandal, H., N. Camuscu, and D. P. Thompson. "Comparison of the effectiveness of rare-earth sintering additives on the high-temperature stability of ?-sialon ceramics." Journal of Materials Science 30, no. 23 (1995): 5901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01151503.

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Song, Zhiguo, Dacheng Zhou, and Jianbei Qiu. "Adjustable Up-Conversion Luminescence Color in Rare Earth Co-Doped Transparent Oxyfluoride Nano-Glass-Ceramics." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 10, no. 3 (2010): 1969–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2010.2069.

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Dantelle, G., M. Mortier, D. Vivien, and G. Patriarche. "Nucleation efficiency of erbium and ytterbium fluorides in transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 2 (2005): 472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0051.

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Abstract:

Oxyfluoride glasses (GeO2–PbO–PbF2) doped with erbium and/or ytterbium fluorides were prepared. Highly transparent glass-ceramics, containing β–PbF2 nanocrystallites, were successfully obtained by controlled glass devitrification and were studied as they could lead to promising optical applications. To characterize the samples, differential thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were performed, revealing a variation of the crystallites size, the crystallites number and β–PbF2 crystallization temperature according to the doping ion. Indeed, the analyses indica

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Trusova, E., A. Vaitkevičius, Y. Tratsiak, et al. "Barium and lithium silicate glass ceramics doped with rare earth ions for white LEDs." Optical Materials 84 (October 2018): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2018.07.030.

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Patil, Deepak S., Manisha Konale, Mathew Gabel, et al. "Impact of rare earth ion size on the phase evolution of MoO3-containing aluminoborosilicate glass-ceramics." Journal of Nuclear Materials 510 (November 2018): 539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.08.004.

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Graeve, Olivia A., and Jessica O. Corral. "Preparation and characterization of rare-earth-doped Y2O3 luminescent ceramics by the use of reverse micelles." Optical Materials 29, no. 1 (2006): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2006.03.013.

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Zhong, Ni, Ping-hua Xiang, Da-zhi Sun, and Xian-lin Dong. "Effect of rare earth additives on the microstructure and dielectric properties of 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.33PbTiO3 ceramics." Materials Science and Engineering: B 116, no. 2 (2005): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2004.09.030.

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Turcer, Laura R., and Nitin P. Padture. "Rare-earth pyrosilicate solid-solution environmental-barrier coating ceramics for resistance against attack by molten calcia–magnesia–aluminosilicate (CMAS) glass." Journal of Materials Research 35, no. 17 (2020): 2373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2020.132.

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