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GIANCHANDANI, PARDEEP KUMAR. "Joining of Ceramics and Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) for Aerospace and Energy Applications." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2711092.
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SiC-based ceramics and composites (SiC, C/SiC & SiC/SiC) are more and more extensively used as advanced materials for aerospace and energy applications. Existing applications are expanding continuously and require advanced materials, design and joining technologies.
The objective of this thesis was to join SiC-based ceramic matrix composites (CMC), ceramics (SiC, Mullite, Alumina) and SiC-based ceramic foams for aerospace and energy applications.
The research was aimed to develop strong, oxidation resistant and high temperature stable joints.
A novel joining technique defined “RM-Wrap” (RM=Mo, Nb, Ta, W Refractory Metals) has been developed within this thesis. The developed technique is a novel brazing technology named RM-Wrap after the metal used as a wrap to contain one or more silicon foils (e.g. Mo-Wrap when a Mo wrap is used to contain a Si foil).
It is a pressure-less joining technology performed at 1450 oC, under an inert environment (Argon flow).
Joining materials are in-situ formed composites made of refractory metals silicides (MoSi2, NbSi2, TaSi2 and WSi2) embedded in a silicon matrix.
RM-Wrap is a highly tailorable joining technique: the quantity of each phase can be modified and more than one refractory metals can be used together. RM-Wrap has been very effective in joining both coated and uncoated CMC, porous and non-porous materials: ceramics (oxide and non-oxide), CMC (SiC-based) and highly porous substrates (SiC foams) having porosity higher than 80% have been soundly joined.
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The joint morphology (interphase and interface) and elemental composition of the joining material was investigated in detail using FESEM and EDS which showed uniform, continuous and crack free joints. XRD investigation confirms the formation of metal silicides. Oxidation resistance of joints was carried out at 1100 oC for 30 minutes (for CMC joints) and 6 hours (for monolithic ceramic joints) in the air; prior and post oxidation examination of joint morphology showed no morphological change and joints remained firmly joined.
Sandwich structures have been developed by Mo-wrap joining two C/SiC as “skins” to the “core” SiC foam. Sandwich structures were tested for thermal shock resistance from RT to 1100 oC in the air for 2 minutes. Three cycles on a single sandwich structure were performed, which remained joined and the joining material composition unchanged.
Joints were mechanically tested in three different modes (i) compression, (ii) tensile and (iii) torsion. Joint strength was higher than the interlaminar shear strength of composites as the fracture was always observed in composites.
In case of monolithic ceramic (SiC) a mixed failure (cohesive and adhesive) was found, which suggest that the joint strength is comparable to ceramic one.
Micro- and nanoindentation tests were also carried out on joining materials.
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Miller, Ian Timothy. "Probabilistic finite element modeling of aerospace engine components incorporating time-dependent inelastic properties for ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1144941702.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Mathematics, 2006."May, 2006." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 11/29/2007) Advisor, Vinod Arya; Co-Advisor, Ali Hajjafar; Faculty reader, Shantaram S. Pai; Department Chair, Kevin Kreider; Dean of the College, Ronald F. Levant; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Quintero, Badillo Jorge R. "Non-destructive Evaluation of Ceramic Matrix Composites at High Temperature using Laser Ultrasonics." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1511800640467908.
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Mathieu, Sylvain. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique lors du procédé de mise en forme et pyrolyse des interlocks CMC." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0115/document.
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La simulation des procédés de production des composites à renforts tissés est un enjeu majeur pour les industries de pointe, où leur utilisation s’intensifie. La maitrise des procédés d’obtention des composites à matrice et fibres en céramique, notamment les étapes de mise en forme et de pyrolyse, s’avère primordiale. La connaissance et la simulation du comportement mécanique aux différentes étapes est nécessaire pour optimiser les performances des pièces finales. Deux approches de modélisation macroscopique des renforts tissés épais de composite sont détaillées : une approche continue classique et une approche semi-discrète. Pour cela, une loi de comportement hyperélastique initialement orthotrope est développée. Cette loi est basée sur l’observation phénoménologique des modes de déformation privilégiés, à partir desquels sont proposés des invariants physiques de la transformation. L’identification des paramètres matériaux nécessaires est décrite. Une version modifiée de cette loi, sans contribution en tension, est implémentée dans un élément semi-discret, où le travail en tension est alors pris en compte par des barres discrétisant le tissage réel. Les importantes différences de rigidités entre sollicitations en tension et en cisaillements font des renforts tissés épais des matériaux fortement anisotropes. Leur modélisation numérique met en évidence des phénomènes parasites ou des limitations liés à cette spécificité. Le phénomène de verrouillage en tension est tout d’abord mis en évidence. Une solution basée sur une formulation éléments finis enhanced assumed strain est proposée pour des éléments continus classiques ou semi-discrets. Puis des problèmes liés aux simulations numériques dominées par la flexion sont soulevés : l’hourglassing transverse et l’absence de résistance locale à la courbure. Dans le cas de l’hourglassing transverse, deux méthodes de rigidification de ces modes de déplacement sont proposées : par moyennage des dilatations dans l’élément ou par ajout d’une rigidité matérielle tangente supplémentaire. Pour l’introduction d’une résistance à la courbure, une méthode basée sur l’utilisation purement numérique de plaques rotation free est proposée. Celles-ci permettent le calcul de la courbure induisant, par l’intermédiaire d’un moment de flexion, des efforts internes supplémentaires. Finalement, la modélisation du retour élastique après pyrolyse de la matrice organique à précurseurs céramique est réalisée. Le comportement de la matrice pyrolysée est identifié expérimentalement à l’aide d’une loi hyperélastique isotrope transverse. L’addition de cette loi, qui prend comme référence la préforme déformée, à la loi de comportement initiale du renfort tissé permet de visualiser les déformations obtenues en fin de pyrolyse. Cette modélisation est comparée à des résultats expérimentauxManufacture processes modeling of woven fabrics composites is a major stake for state-of-the-art industrial parts, where their usage is intensifying. Control of all the manufacturing stages of ceramic matrix composites, particularly the forming and pyrolysis steps, is essential. Understanding and simulation of the mechanical behavior at each stage is required to optimize the final product performances. Two macroscopic modeling approaches of thick woven fabric reinforcements are detailed: a continuous classical one and a semi-discrete one. An initially orthotropic hyperelastic constitutive law is thus established. This law is based on a phenomenological observation of the main fabric deformation modes, from where physical invariants of the deformation are suggested. The required material parameters identification is explained. A modified version of this law, without any tensile energetic contribution, is implemented in a semi-discrete element where the tensile work is taken into account by bars that discretize the real weaving. Thick woven reinforcements are highly anisotropic materials due to the large ratio between the tensile rigidity and the others. Their numerical modeling highlights spurious phenomena and limitations related to this specificity. The tension locking is firstly tackled. A remedy based on an enhanced assumed strain finite element formulation is suggested for classical continuum and semi-discrete elements. Problems linked to bending-dominated numerical simulations are brought to attention : transverse hourglassing and lack of local bending stiffness. For the transverse hourglassing situation, two stiffening technics are proposed : averaging the dilatation through the whole element or adding a supplementary tangent material rigidity in a specific direction. The local bending stiffness problem is solved by calculating the curvature inside the element by using rotation free plates. The induced bending moment leads to supplementary internal loads. Finally, the elastic springback following the pyrolysis of the polymer matrix with ceramic precursors is modeled. The constitutive behavior is experimentally identified with a transverse isotropic hyperelastic law. Added to the initial reinforcements’ hyperelastic law, with the preformed fabric as reference configuration, the pyrolysis induced deformations can be visualized. This final model is compared with experimental results
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Borius, Zoé. "Développement et caractérisation de CMC oxyde/oxyde élaborés par imprégnation de mèches en continu." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EMAC0010.
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L’introduction de composites à matrice céramique (CMC) oxyde/oxyde est envisagée dans les turbomachines de nouvelle génération. Les principaux freins à l’industrialisation de ces matériaux sont la diversité des procédés d’élaboration, leurs coûts, ainsi que l’hétérogénéité des microstructures et des propriétés mécaniques. Ces travaux de thèse en collaboration entre l’Onera, l’IRT Saint-Éxupéry et l’ICA étudient une nouvelle voie d’élaboration de CMC alumine/alumine, par une étape d’imprégnation de mèche en continu. Pour commencer, une étude de formulation de suspensions aqueuses d’alumine compatibles avec l’élaboration de composites par le procédé d’imprégnation en ligne suivi d’une mise en forme en autoclave et d’un frittage a été menée. Deux plastifiants organiques hygroscopiques, le sorbitol et le glycérol, ainsi qu’un gélifiant, la boehmite, ont été évalués. Les cycles thermiques en autoclave ont été adaptés à la composition des suspensions et en particulier aux additifs organiques. Plusieurs compositions de suspensions ont été retenues et les microstructures des CMC résultants ont été caractérisées. Les relations composition de la suspension – adaptabilité au procédé – microstructure du composite ont été investiguées. Enfin, les comportements mécaniques à température ambiante des différentes nuances de CMC ont été examinés en lien avec leurs microstructures, et des scénarios d’endommagement en traction ont été proposésThe use of oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) is being considered for new generation engines. The main obstacle to the industrialisation of these materials are the diversity of production processes, their costs, and the heterogeneity of the microstructures and mechanical properties. This thesis is a collaboration between Onera, IRT Saint-Éxupéry and ICA. It investigates a new way of producing alumina/alumina CMC by using a continuous tow impregnation process. Firstly, a study was carried out into the formulation of aqueous alumina slurries compatible with the production of composites using a continuous tow impregnation line, followed by autoclave shaping and sintering. Two hygroscopic organic plasticisers, sorbitol and glycerol, as well as a gelling agent, boehmite, were evaluated. Autoclave thermal cycles were adapted to slurries compositions, with particular regard to the organic additives. Several compositions were selected and the microstructures of the resulting CMCs were characterised. The relationships between slurry composition, process adaptability and composite microstructure were investigated. Finally, the mechanical behaviour at ambient temperature of the different CMC grades were examined in relation to their microstructures, and tensile damage scenarios were proposed
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Nowacki, Brenna M. "Verification and Calibration of State-of-the-Art CMC Mechanistic Damage Model." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1461761780.
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Gordon, Neal A. "Material Health Monitoring of SIC/SIC Laminated Ceramic Matrix Composites With Acoustic Emission And Electrical Resistance." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1414835900.
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Vazquez, Calnacasco Daniel. "All-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites : Thermal Stability during Tribological Interactions with Superalloys." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Materialvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85513.
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The challenges faced in today’s industry require materials capable of working in chemically aggressive environments at elevated temperature, which has fueled the development of oxidation resistant materials. All-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites (OCMC) are a promising material family due to their inherent chemical stability, moderate mechanical properties, and low weight. However, limited information exists regarding their behavior when in contact with other high-temperature materials such as superalloys. In this work three sets of tribological tests were performed: two at room temperature and one at elevated temperature (650 °C). The tests were performed in a pin-on-disk configuration testing Inconel 718 (IN-718) pins against disks made with an aluminosilicate geopolymeric matrix composite reinforced with alumina fibers (N610/GP). Two different loads were tested (85 and 425 kPa) to characterize the damage on both materials. Results showed that the pins experienced ~ 100 % wear increase when high temperature was involved, while their microstructure was not noticeably affected near the contact surface. After high temperature testing the OCMC exhibited mass losses two orders of magnitude higher than the pins and a sintering effect under its wear track, that led to brittle behavior. The debris generated consists of alumina and suggests a possible crystallization of the originally amorphous matrix which may destabilize the system. The data suggests that while the composite’s matrix is stable, wear will not develop uncontrollably. However, as soon as a critical load/temperature combination is attained the matrix is the first component to fail exposing the reinforcement to damage which drastically deteriorates the integrity of the component.
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Ben, Ramdane Camélia. "Etude et modélisation du comportement mécanique de CMC oxyde/oxyde." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0077/document.
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Les CMC oxyde/oxyde sont de bons candidats pour des applications thermostructurales. Le comportement mécanique et les mécanismes d’endommagement de deux composites alumine/alumine à renforts tissés bi- et tridimensionnels ont été étudiés et comparés. La microstructure de ces CMC à matrice faible a été caractérisée à partir de porosimétrie et de CND, tel que thermographie IR, scan ultrasonore et tomographie X, ce qui a permis de mettre en évidence la présence de défauts initiaux. Le comportement mécanique en traction, ainsi qu’en compression dansle cas du CMC à renfort bidimensionnel, dans la direction des fibres ainsi que dans la direction ±45°, aété étudié à température ambiante. Afin d’exploiter pleinement ces essais, nous avons eu recours à plusieurs méthodes d’extensométrie et de suivi d’endommagement, telles que la thermographie IR et l’émission acoustique. Les propriétés mécaniques à rupture ainsi que le module de Young du CMC à renfort bidimensionnel développé à l’Onera se sont avérées supérieures à celles disponibles dans la littérature. Les mécanismes d’endommagement des matériaux ont été déterminés à partir d’observations post mortem au MEB et d’essais in situ dans un MEB, ce qui a permis d’évaluer la nocivité des défauts initiaux. Enfin, l’étude du comportement mécanique de ces composites a permisde proposer un modèle d’endommagement tridimensionnel qui permettra de poursuivre le développement de ces matériaux grâce à du calcul de structure. A l’issue de cette thèse, des pistes d’amélioration des procédés d’élaboration et de choix d’instrumentation à utiliser pour les futures études, notamment en ce qui concerne le suivi d’endommagement, ont également été proposéesOxide/oxide CMCs are good candidates for thermostructural applications. Themechanical behaviour and damage mechanisms of two alumina/alumina composites with two andthree dimensional woven reinforcements were studied and compared. The microstructure of theseweak matrix CMCs was characterized by porosimetry and NDT methods, such as IR thermography,ultrasound scanning and X-ray tomography, which highlighted initial defects. The mechanicalbehaviour was studied through tensile tests, as well as compression tests in the case of the twodimensionalreinforced CMC. These tests were conducted at room temperature, in the fibres directionsand in the ±45° direction. In order to fully exploit these tests, several extensometry and damagemonitoring methods, such as IR thermography and acoustic emission, were used. Young’s moduli andmaximum stresses and strains of the two-dimensional reinforced CMC developed at Onera appearedto be higher than those available in the literature. The damage mechanisms of the materials weredetermined by post mortem SEM observations and in situ testing in a SEM, which made it possible toassess the nocivity of initial defects. Studying the mechanical behaviour of these composites finallyenabled the development of a three-dimensional damage model that will facilitate the furtherdevelopment of such materials, through finite element analysis. Finally, some improvements regardingthe manufacturing processes and the instrumentation for damage monitoring were suggested forfuture studies
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Nestler, Daisy Julia. "Beitrag zum Thema VERBUNDWERKSTOFFE - WERKSTOFFVERBUNDE." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-134459.
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Vielschichtige Eigenschaftsprofile benötigen zunehmend moderne Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde einschließlich der raschen Entfaltung neuer Fertigungstechnologien, da der monolithische Werkstoff bzw. ein einziger Werkstoff den heutigen komplexen Anforderungen nicht mehr genügen kann. Zukünftige Werkstoffsysteme haben wirtschaftlich eine Schlüsselposition und sind auf den Wachstumsmärkten von grundlegender Bedeutung. Gefragt sind maßgeschneiderte Leichtbauwerkstoffe (tailor-made composites) mit einem adaptierten Design. Dazu müssen Konzepte entwickelt werden, um die Kombination der Komponenten optimal zu gestalten. Das erfordert werkstoffspezifisches Wissen und Korrelationsvermögen sowie die Gestaltung komplexer Technologien, auch unter dem Aspekt der kontinuierlichen Massen- und Großserienfertigung (in-line, in-situ) und damit der Kostenreduzierung bislang teurer Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird in vergleichbarer und vergleichender Art und Weise sowie abstrahierter Form ein Bogen über das Gesamtgebiet der Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde gespannt. Eine zusammenfassende Publikation über dieses noch sehr junge, aber bereits breit aufgestellte Wissenschaftsgebiet fehlt bislang. Das ist der Separierung der einzelnen, fest aufgeteilten Gruppierungen der Verbundwerkstoffe geschuldet. Querverbindungen werden selten hergestellt. Dieses Defizit in einem gewissen Maße auszugleichen, ist Ziel der Arbeit. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden Begriffsbestimmungen und Klassifikationen, Herstellungsverfahren und Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe. Es werden klare Strukturierungen und Übersichten herausgearbeitet. Zuordnungen von etablierten und neuen Technologien sollen zur Begriffsstabilität der Terminologien „Mischbauweise“ und „Hybrider Verbund“ beitragen. Zudem wird die Problematik „Recycling und Recyclingtechnologien“ diskutiert. Zusammenfassend werden Handlungsfelder zukünftiger Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekte spezifiziert. Aus dem Blickwinkel der verschiedenen Herstellungsrouten insbesondere für Halbzeuge und Bauteile und der dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden verallgemeinerte Konzepte für tailor-made Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde vorgeschlagen („Stellschraubenschema“). Diese allgemeinen Werkstoffkonzepte werden auf eigene aktuelle Forschungsprojekte der Schwerpunktthemen Metallmatrix- und Polymermatrix-Verbundwerkstoffe sowie der hybriden Werkstoffverbunde appliziert. Forschungsfelder für zukünftige Projekte werden abgeleitet. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt den hybriden Verbunden als tragende Säule zukünftiger Entwicklungen im Leichtbau. Hier spielen in-line- und in-situ-Prozesse eine entscheidende Rolle für eine großseriennahe, kosteneffiziente und ressourcenschonende ProduktionComplex property profiles require increasingly advanced composite materials and material compounds, including the rapid deployment of new production technologies, because the monolithic material or a single material can no longer satisfy today's complex requirements. Future material systems are fundamentally important to growth markets, in which they have an economically key position. Tailor-made lightweight materials (tailor-made composites) with an adapted design are needed. These concepts have to be developed to design the optimum combination of components. This requires material-specific knowledge and the ability to make correlations, as well as the design of complex technologies. Continuous large-scale and mass production (in-line, in-situ), thus reducing the costs of previously expensive composite materials and material compounds, is also necessary. The present work spans the entire field of composite materials and material compounds in a comparable and comparative manner and abstract form. A summarizing publication on this still very new, but already broad-based scientific field is not yet available. The separation of the individual, firmly divided groups of the composite materials is the reason for this. Cross-connections are rarely made. The objective of this work is to compensate to some extent for this deficiency. Special consideration is given to definitions and classifications, manufacturing processes and the properties of the materials. Clear structures and overviews are presented. Mapping established and new technologies will contribute to the stability of the terms "mixed material compounds" and "hybrid material compounds". In addition, the problem of recycling and recycling technologies is discussed. In summary, areas for future research and development projects will be specified. Generalized concepts for tailor-made composite materials and material compounds are proposed ("adjusting screw scheme") with an eye toward various production routes, especially for semi-finished products and components, and the associated findings. These general material concepts are applied to own current research projects pertaining to metal-matrix and polymer-matrix composites and hybrid material compounds. Research fields for future projects are extrapolated. Particular attention is paid to hybrid material compounds as the mainstay of future developments in lightweight construction. In-line and in-situ processes play a key role for large-scale, cost- and resource-efficient production
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Courcot, Emilie. "Protection des composites à matrice céramique (CMC) contre la corrosion à haute température dans les moteurs aéronautiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13824/document.
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Les composites à matrice céramique sont utilisés dans les moteurs aéronautiques en raison de leur stabilité à haute température et de leurs propriétés mécaniques. Cependant, quand ils sont soumis à des environnements sévères (haute température, haute pression, environnement oxydant et humide), ils s'oxydent et se dégradent dû à la volatilisation de la silice protectrice formée en surface par oxydation du CMC. Par conséquent, pour augmenter la durée de vie de ces matériaux, il est nécessaire d'appliquer une protection externe contre la corrosion. Ceci constitue l'objectif de ma thèse. La démarche expérimentale a été la suivante : (i) identification des matériaux de revêtement à étudier ; (ii) validation du choix des matériaux par étude de leur stabilité structurale et de leurs compatibilités chimique et thermomécanique avec le substrat ; (iii) étude de la stabilité des matériaux de revêtement sous atmosphère corrosive et enfin (iv) comportement des revêtements sur compositesThe ceramic matrix composites can be used in aeronautic engines due to their high temperature stability and their mechanical properties. However, under a corrosive environment, an oxidation and then a recession of the CMC occured because of the volatilization of the silica scale formed at the surface of the composite. Consequently, in order to increase the lifetime of such materials, a external protection against corrosion is required. This is the aim of my Ph-D thesis. The experimental approach is the following : (i) identification of the coating materials ; (ii) validation of the selected materials by studying their structural stability and their chemical and thermomechanical compatibilities with the substrate ; (iii) determination of the thermal stability of the materials under a corrosive environment and (iv) behaviour of the coatings onto the CMC
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Greguš, Peter. "Lehké keramické materiály pro balistickou ochranu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417147.
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This thesis gives a comprehensive characterization of lightweight non-oxide ceramic materials for ballistic applications, an overview of production technologies and processing of boron carbide B4C and its ceramic-based composites. A framework for evaluating the ballistic resistance of the material based on mechanical properties is shown there. It can be used in experiments without normalized equipment. The experiments including B4C + Si, B4C + Ti composites, and application of Spark plasma sintering (SPS) were designed according to outputs from the theoretical part. The volume fractions of Si, Ti dopants were optimized based on ongoing chemical reactions during sintering. The obtained samples were subjects of mechanical testing which results were compared to identify the ideal ratio of matrix and reinforcement. As the best suited material for ballistic protection, B4C + 1,0 obj. % reaches these values of parameters; hardness = 3502 ± 122 HV1; fracture toughness KIC = 2,97 ± 0,03 MPam^0,5.
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Nestler, Daisy Julia. "Beitrag zum Thema VERBUNDWERKSTOFFE - WERKSTOFFVERBUNDE: Status quo und Forschungsansätze." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2012. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20009.
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Vielschichtige Eigenschaftsprofile benötigen zunehmend moderne Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde einschließlich der raschen Entfaltung neuer Fertigungstechnologien, da der monolithische Werkstoff bzw. ein einziger Werkstoff den heutigen komplexen Anforderungen nicht mehr genügen kann. Zukünftige Werkstoffsysteme haben wirtschaftlich eine Schlüsselposition und sind auf den Wachstumsmärkten von grundlegender Bedeutung. Gefragt sind maßgeschneiderte Leichtbauwerkstoffe (tailor-made composites) mit einem adaptierten Design. Dazu müssen Konzepte entwickelt werden, um die Kombination der Komponenten optimal zu gestalten. Das erfordert werkstoffspezifisches Wissen und Korrelationsvermögen sowie die Gestaltung komplexer Technologien, auch unter dem Aspekt der kontinuierlichen Massen- und Großserienfertigung (in-line, in-situ) und damit der Kostenreduzierung bislang teurer Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird in vergleichbarer und vergleichender Art und Weise sowie abstrahierter Form ein Bogen über das Gesamtgebiet der Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde gespannt. Eine zusammenfassende Publikation über dieses noch sehr junge, aber bereits breit aufgestellte Wissenschaftsgebiet fehlt bislang. Das ist der Separierung der einzelnen, fest aufgeteilten Gruppierungen der Verbundwerkstoffe geschuldet. Querverbindungen werden selten hergestellt. Dieses Defizit in einem gewissen Maße auszugleichen, ist Ziel der Arbeit. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden Begriffsbestimmungen und Klassifikationen, Herstellungsverfahren und Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe. Es werden klare Strukturierungen und Übersichten herausgearbeitet. Zuordnungen von etablierten und neuen Technologien sollen zur Begriffsstabilität der Terminologien „Mischbauweise“ und „Hybrider Verbund“ beitragen. Zudem wird die Problematik „Recycling und Recyclingtechnologien“ diskutiert. Zusammenfassend werden Handlungsfelder zukünftiger Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekte spezifiziert. Aus dem Blickwinkel der verschiedenen Herstellungsrouten insbesondere für Halbzeuge und Bauteile und der dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden verallgemeinerte Konzepte für tailor-made Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde vorgeschlagen („Stellschraubenschema“). Diese allgemeinen Werkstoffkonzepte werden auf eigene aktuelle Forschungsprojekte der Schwerpunktthemen Metallmatrix- und Polymermatrix-Verbundwerkstoffe sowie der hybriden Werkstoffverbunde appliziert. Forschungsfelder für zukünftige Projekte werden abgeleitet. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt den hybriden Verbunden als tragende Säule zukünftiger Entwicklungen im Leichtbau. Hier spielen in-line- und in-situ-Prozesse eine entscheidende Rolle für eine großseriennahe, kosteneffiziente und ressourcenschonende Produktion.Complex property profiles require increasingly advanced composite materials and material compounds, including the rapid deployment of new production technologies, because the monolithic material or a single material can no longer satisfy today's complex requirements. Future material systems are fundamentally important to growth markets, in which they have an economically key position. Tailor-made lightweight materials (tailor-made composites) with an adapted design are needed. These concepts have to be developed to design the optimum combination of components. This requires material-specific knowledge and the ability to make correlations, as well as the design of complex technologies. Continuous large-scale and mass production (in-line, in-situ), thus reducing the costs of previously expensive composite materials and material compounds, is also necessary. The present work spans the entire field of composite materials and material compounds in a comparable and comparative manner and abstract form. A summarizing publication on this still very new, but already broad-based scientific field is not yet available. The separation of the individual, firmly divided groups of the composite materials is the reason for this. Cross-connections are rarely made. The objective of this work is to compensate to some extent for this deficiency. Special consideration is given to definitions and classifications, manufacturing processes and the properties of the materials. Clear structures and overviews are presented. Mapping established and new technologies will contribute to the stability of the terms "mixed material compounds" and "hybrid material compounds". In addition, the problem of recycling and recycling technologies is discussed. In summary, areas for future research and development projects will be specified. Generalized concepts for tailor-made composite materials and material compounds are proposed ("adjusting screw scheme") with an eye toward various production routes, especially for semi-finished products and components, and the associated findings. These general material concepts are applied to own current research projects pertaining to metal-matrix and polymer-matrix composites and hybrid material compounds. Research fields for future projects are extrapolated. Particular attention is paid to hybrid material compounds as the mainstay of future developments in lightweight construction. In-line and in-situ processes play a key role for large-scale, cost- and resource-efficient production.
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Liu, JingJing. "Carbon nanotubes developed on ceramic constituents through chemical vapour deposition." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9967.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were successfully grown on the surface of carbon fibre reinforcements in carbon fibre architecture through in-situ catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD). Success was also implemented on powders of oxides and non-oxides, including Y-TZP powder, ball milled alumina powder, alumina grits, silicon carbide powder. Preliminary results have been achieved to demonstrate the feasibility of making ceramic composites consisting of CNTs reinforcements.
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Franke, Peter. "Herstellung und Charakterisierung von Keramik-Matrix-Verbundwerkstoffen mit Metallpartikel- oder Metallfaserverstärkung." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232969.
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Die exzellenten Eigenschaften einer Keramik beziehen sich auf den hohen Schmelzpunkt, die gute Hochtemperaturfestigkeit sowie hohe Elastizitätsmodul- und Härtewerte. Weiterhin zeichnen sich die anorganisch-nichtmetallischen Werkstoffebesonders durch ihre gute Korrosions- und Verschleißbeständigkeit aus.Bedingt durch die erschwerte Versetzungsbewegung weisen keramische Werkstoffeeine höhere Sprödigkeit auf. Metallische Werkstoffedagegen sind in der Regel duktil und zeigen meist ein duktiles Bruchverhalten. Lokale Spannungsspitzen können durch plastische Verformung abgebaut werden.Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das grundsätzlich unterschiedliche Werkstofferhalten einer Keramik und eines Metalls miteinander zu kombinieren, um die Bruchzähigkeit des Keramik-Metall-Verbundwerkstoffes zu erhöhenDie fein verteilten Metalle sollen die Rissausbreitung behindern. Es können unterschiedliche Mechanismen wirken. Im Vergleich zur unverstärkten Keramik ist eine höhere Bruchenergie aufzubringen, um den Riss voran zu treiben. Die Erhöhung der Bruchenergie spiegelt sich in einer höheren Bruchzähigkeit wieder.Um eine duktile Phase in einer spröden Zirkoniumdioxidmatrix zu erzeugen, werden für die Untersuchungen unterschiedliche Metalle eingebracht. Dadurch soll die Bruchzähigkeit als Schadenstoleranz gegenüber dem Totalversagen erhöht werden. Die resultierenden Eigenschaften der Keramik-Metall-Verbundwerkstoffewerden analysiert und charakterisiert.Die Untersuchungen umfassen das pulvermetallurgische Einbringen von metallischen Pulvern mit verschiedenen Teilchengrößen sowie die chemische Einbringung von Präkursoren, die in nanokristalline Metallpartikel umgewandelt werden. Dabei kommen verschiedene Metalle mit unterschiedlichen Wechselwirkungen und Spannungen durch thermische Fehlpassungen in der Matrix zur Anwendung. Zusätzlich wird die Auswirkung der Variation der Verstärkungsform (Partikel/Faser) und des Metallgehaltes untersucht.
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Todt, Andreas. "Beitrag zur Entwicklung neuartiger hybrider Werkstoffverbunde auf Polymer/Keramik-Basis." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-228698.
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Kohlenstofffaserverstärkter Kohlenstoff weist ausgezeichnete thermische, mechanische und chemische Eigenschaften auf. Aufgrund seiner Faserarchitektur und Porosität zeigt dieser eine mit metallischen und polymeren Werkstoffen vergleichbar hohe Schadenstoleranz. Die Herstellung komplexer Leichtbaustrukturen aus C/C-Verbunden ist jedoch zeit- und kostenintensiv. Ein neuer Ansatz stellt die Integration geometrisch simpler C/C-Verbunde in komplexe, problemlos zu realisierende polymere Strukturen dar. Ein derartiges Werkstoffkonzept vereint die Vorteile seiner Komponenten in einem ganzheitlichen Werkstoffsystem. Einen Nachteil stellt jedoch die geringe wechselseitige Adhäsion seiner Komponenten dar. Die Innovation dieses Beitrags stellt sich einerseits der Herausforderung die mechanischen Eigenschaften der C/C-Verbunde in Abhängigkeit der intrinsischen Porosität zu beeinflussen. Dies geschieht durch Veränderung der chemischen und physikalischen Vernetzungsbedingungen des Matrixprecursors. Andererseits soll die dadurch herrührende inhärente Porosität zur Vergrößerung der wirksamen äußeren Oberfläche und zur gezielten Verbesserung der Adhäsion zum Polymer führen. Es wird ein Kohlenstoffprecursor mit variabler offener Porosität entwickelt und daraus neuartige verschiedenporöse C/C-Verbunde hergestellt und untersucht. Im Anschluss werden die verschiedenporösen C/C-Verbunde mit ausgewählten Polymeren unter definierten Konsolidierungsparametern thermisch gefügt und deren wechselseitiges Adhäsionsverhalten bewertetFibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composite materials are characterized by excellent thermal, mechanical and chemical properties. Their high tolerance regarding damaging is a result of the intrinsic fibre structure and porosity. Due to this fact, they offer outstanding dampening characteristics, as is the case for polymeric materials. The production of complex structures is very time consuming and expensive. The integration of simple geometric ceramic composite materials in complex polymeric structures is regarded as a new approach for the production of these materials. These easy-to-produce hybrid ceramic/polymer compound materials combine the advantages of ceramics and polymers in one material system. However, one main disadvantage of these materials is the mutual adhesion of the two components. This article deals with the challenge of the manipulation of the mechanical properties of the C/C composites depending on the intrinsic porosity. This is realized by altering the physical and chemical wetting/coating conditions of the matrix precursor. In addition, the inherent porosity is supposed to increase the effective outer surface and specifically improve the adhesion. For this purpose, a novel carbon precursor with an adjustable open porosity is developed and investigated further. During this different versions of the CFRP and various C/C materials of different production steps are produced and examined. The variation of the precursors is supposed to take place in the polymeric state. The different C/C composites are subsequently thermally bonded with selected polymers and defined consolidation parameters. The mutual joining and connection behaviour is investigated further
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Magnant, Jérôme. "Composites fibreux denses à matrice céramique autocicatrisante élaborés par des procédés hybrides." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14105/document.
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L'élaboration de composites à matrice céramique denses et à fibres continues multidirectionnelles par de nouveaux procédés hybrides a été étudiée. Les procédés développés reposent sur le dépôt d'interphases autour des fibres par Infiltration Chimique en phase Vapeur (CVI) puis sur l'introduction de poudres céramiques au sein de préformes fibreuses par infusion de suspensions aqueuses colloïdales concentrées et stables, et enfin sur la consolidation des préformes soit par frittage flash, soit par imprégnation réactive de métaux liquides.La consolidation des composites par frittage flash est très rapide (palier de maintien en température inférieure à 5 minutes) et permet d'obtenir des composites denses. Durant le frittage, la dégradation des fibres de carbone a pu être évitée en adaptant le cycle de pression afin de limiter l'évolution des gaz au sein du système.La densification totale des composites par imprégnation de métaux liquides a été obtenue en contrôlant attentivement les paramètres d'imprégnation afin d'éviter de piéger des espèces gazeuses au sein des préformes fibreuses.Les composites à fibres de carbone consolidés par frittage flash ou par imprégnation réactive de métaux liquide possèdent un comportement mécanique de type élastique endommageable ainsi qu'une contrainte à rupture en flexion voisine de 300 MPa. Ces composites ont montré leur capacité à s'autocicatriser dans des conditions oxydantes. Comparés aux composites à matrice céramiques élaborés par CVI, les composites densifiés par imprégnation de métaux liquide sont eux parfaitement denses et ont un comportement mécanique en traction à température ambiante similaire avec notamment une contrainte à rupture en traction de 220 MPaThe fabrication of multidirectional continuous carbon fibers reinforced dense self healing Ceramic Matrix Composites by new short time hybrid processes was studied. The processes developed are based, first, on the deposition of fiber interphase and coating by chemical vapor infiltration, next, on the introduction of ceramic powders into the fibrous preform by Slurry Impregnation and, finally, on the densification of the composite by liquid-phase Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) or by Reactive Melt Infiltration of silicon (RMI).The homogeneous introduction of the ceramic particles into the multidirectional fiber preforms was realized by slurry impregnation from highly concentrated (> 32 %vol.) and well dispersed aqueous colloid suspensions. The densification of the composites by spark plasma sintering was possible with a short (< 5 minutes) dwelling period in temperature. The chemical degradation of the carbon fibers during the fabrication was prevented by adapting the sintering pressure cycle to inhibit gas evolution inside the system. The composites elaborated are dense. The fully densification of the composites by RMI was realised by carefully controlling the impregnation parameters to avoid to entrap some gaseous species inside the fiber preforms. Our carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites processed by Spark Plasma Sintering or Reactive Melt Infiltration have a damageable mechanical behaviour with a room temperature bending stress at failure around 300 MPa and have shown their ability to self-healing in oxidizing conditions. Compared to the CMC processed by CVI, the composites processed with a final consolidation step by RMI are fully dense and have a similar room temperature tensile test behaviour with an ultimate tensile stress around 220 MPa
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Ahn, Byung Ki. "Interfacial Mechanics in Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Mechanics of Single and Multiple Cracks in CMCs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29791.
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Several critical issues in the mechanics of the interface between the fibers and matrix in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are studied. The first issue is the competition between crack deflection and penetration at the fiber/matrix interface. When a matrix crack, the first fracture mode in a CMC, reaches the interface, two different crack modes are possible; crack deflection along the interface and crack penetration into the fibers. A criterion based on strain energy release rates is developed to determine the crack propagation at the interface. The Axisymmetric Damage Model (ADM), a newly-developed numerical technique, is used to obtain the strain energy in the cracked composite. The results are compared with a commonly-used analytic solution provided by He and Hutchinson (HH), and also with experimental data on a limited basis.
The second issue is the stress distribution near the debond/sliding interface. If the interface is weak enough for the main matrix crack to deflect and form a debond/sliding zone, then the stress distribution around the sliding interface is of interest because it provides insight into further cracking modes, i.e. multiple matrix cracking or possibly fiber failure. The stress distributions are obtained by the ADM and compared to a simple shear-lag model in which a constant sliding resistance is assumed. The results show that the matrix axial stress, which is responsible for further matrix cracking, is accurately predicted by the shear-lag model.
Finally, the third issue is multiple matrix cracking. We present a theory to predict the stress/strain relations and unload/reload hysteresis behavior during the evolution of multiple matrix cracking. The random spacings between the matrix cracks as well as the crack interactions are taken into account in the model. The procedure to obtain the interfacial sliding resistance, thermal residual stress, and matrix flaw distribution from the experimental stress/strain data is discussed. The results are compared to a commonly-used approach in which uniform crack spacings are assumed.
Overall, we have considered various crack modes in the fiber-reinforced CMCs; from a single matrix crack to multiple matrix cracking, and have suggested models to predict the microscopic crack behavior and to evaluate the macroscopic stress/strain relations. The damage tolerance or toughening due to the inelastic strains caused by matrix cracking phenomenon is the key issue of this study, and the interfacial mechanics in conjunction with the crack behavior is the main issue discussed here. The models can be used to interpret experimental data such as micrographs of crack surface or extent of crack damage, and stress/strain curves, and in general the models can be used as guidelines to design tougher composites.Ph. D.
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Grosskopf, Paul P. "Mechanical behavior of a ceramic matrix composite material." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42214.
Full textAbstract:
Monolithic ceramic materials have been used in industry for hundreds of years. These materials have proven their usefulness in many applications, yet, their potential for critical structural applications is limited. The existence of an imperfection in a monolithic ceramic on the order of several microns in size may be critical, resulting in catastrophic failure. To overcome this extreme sensitivity to sman material imperfections, reinforced ceramic materials have been developed. A ceramic matrix which has been reinforced with continuous fibers is not only less sensitive to microscopic flaws, but is also able to sustain significant damage without suffering catastrophic failure.
A borosilicate glass reinforced with several layers of plain weave silicon carbide cloth (Nicalon) has been studied. The mechanical testing which was performed included both flexural and tensile loading configurations. This testing was done not only to determine the material properties, but also to initiate a controlled amount of damage within each specimen.
Several nondestructive testing techniques, including acousto-ultrasonics (AU), were performed on the specimens periodically during testing. The AU signals were monitored through the use of an IBM compatible personal computer with a high speed data acquisition board. Software has been written which manipulates the AU signals in both the time and frequency domains, resulting in quantitative measures of the mechanical response of the material.
This paper will compare the measured AU parameters to both the mechanical test results and data from other nondestructive methods including ultrasonic C-scans and penetrant enhanced X-ray radiography.
Master of Science
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Davies, C. M. A. "Failure mechanisms in glass-ceramic matrix composite laminates." Thesis, University of Bath, 1994. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387305.
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Lyons, Jed S. "Micromechanical studies of crack growth in ceramic matrix composite." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16086.
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Marriner-Edwards, Cassian. "The development of fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites of oxide ceramic electrolyte." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3af11d08-c0d8-429b-8eab-d2befc83ea74.
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Flammable solvents contained in liquid electrolytes pose a serious safety risk when used in lithium batteries. Oxide ceramic electrolytes are a safer alternative, but suffer from inadequate mechanical properties and ionic conductivity. Thin electrolyte layers resolve the issue of conductance, but accentuate the detrimental mechanical properties of oxide ceramics. The presented work has investigated oxide ceramic electrolyte reinforcement in composite electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries. Fabricating oxide ceramic electrolytes with engineered microstructure enabled development of a reinforced composite. This approach is based on the formation of 3D- porous ceramics via stereolithography printing of polymer templates from designed cubic, gyroid, diamond and bijel architectures. The microstructural parameters of templates were analysed and modified using computational techniques. Infiltration of the prepared 3D-porous electrolyte with polymeric-fibre reinforcement created the reinforced composite electrolyte. The prepared ceramic composite showed excellent reproduction of the template microstructure, good retention of ionic conductivity and enhanced mechanical properties. The final composite was composed of NASICON-type Li1.6Al0.6Ge1.4(PO4)3 oxide ceramic electrolyte and epoxy and aramid fibre reinforcement. The gyroid architecture was computationally determined as having the optimal stress transfer efficiency between two phases. The printed gyroid polymer template gave excellent pore microstructure reproduction in ceramic that had 3D-interconnected porosity, high relative density and the most uniform thickness distribution. The ceramic matrix porosity allowed for complete infiltration of reinforcement by aramid and epoxy forming the fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composite. The interpenetrating composite microstructure with ceramic and epoxy gave a flexural strength increase of 45.65 MPa compared to the ceramic. Unfortunately, the infiltration procedure of aramid-epoxy reinforcement did not realise the full tensile strength potential of aramid fibres.
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Dunyak, Thomas John. "Properties and performance of a ceramic composite component." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134634/.
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Bischoff, Matthew Lee. "CHARACTERIZATION OF CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE MATERIALS USING MILLIMETER-WAVE TECHNIQUES." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1362655198.
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Trandel, Barbara Dawn. "Nondestructive evaluation of a high temperature ceramic matrix composite material." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01312009-063125/.
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West, Grant. "Microstructure and mechanical performance of SiC/BMAS glass-ceramic matrix composite." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66932/.
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A diverse range of microscopy techniques and mechanical testing methods have been used to characterize glass and glass-ceramic composites. The focus of the work has been a commercially available Barium Magnesium Aluminosilicate matrix reinforced by Tyranno SiC based yam type fibres. The mechanical behaviour has been related to the microstructure through use of models from the literature. The temperature range of study has been from room temperature to 1300°C in air. The microstructure of the BMAS(fyranno was a diphasic mixture of celsian and indialite/cordierite although the manufacturers intention was a monophasic bariumosumilite. The carbon rich interface was found to be thin (l0-15nm) but the composite displayed impressive strength when compared to similar glass-ceramic composites reported in the literature. The matrix could be converted to the equilibrium bariumosumilite phase by heating in an inert atmosphere at 1370°C (or possibly lower) but matrix elemental diffusion into the fibres is likely to impair fibre strength. Tensile failure was by conventional matrix microcracking with load transfer to the in line fibres. However the composite strength was found to be dependent upon the strain rate as was the microcracking threshold associated with cracking of the 0° plies. Failure of the UD BMAS(fyranno was by longitudinal splitting before the expected ultimate strength (from the 0,90° results) was reached. This was due to an apparent notch sensitivity in this fibre architecture, a trait not observed in the 2-D composite. Direct measurement methods were used to establish the interfacial shear strength and these were compared to various models. These were based on matrix cracking thresholds, matrix crack spacing and a relatively new method where an 'inelastic strain index' was found from loading and unloading curves or hysteresis loop widths. Greatest fidelity with the direct methods was found with the last of these models. As with all composites with carbon enriched interfaces oxidation of the interface and fibres was found to impair strength when tested in air at temperatures as low as 600°C and possibly below this when testing at lower strain rates. At high strain rates, near room-temperature-strengths were achieved, even at 1l00°C, as the degrading effects of the oxidizing environment had less time to act. Long term exposure at high temperatures (1200°C) was responsible for formation of an embrittled surface layer up to 70J.lm thick. Within this layer the fibres were severely degraded and strong bonding prevailed at the interface. At temperatures in excess of the expected fibre pyrolysis temperature, (l100°C), the composite was seen to shrink along the length of the fibre axis and dilate normal to it which was attributed to fibre instability. Stabilising the fibres by heat treatments at 1200°C for 24 hours was seen to improve the creep performance in terms of the total strain accumulated within the 100 hours of the creep tests. The creep was comparable to other commercial glass ceramics (CAS/Nicalon and BMAS/BN/SiC/Nicalon) indicating the dominance of fibre creep properties on those of the composite. Cycling of the creep load seemed to result in a greater embrittled depth from the surface but failure at 100MPa and 1200°C was not observed within 240 hours of testing. Other systems were investigated such as the CAS/Nicalon, MAS/Nicalon and AS/Nicalon. Of these the AS/Nicalon was used for modelling the creep behaviour since it represented a simple system where matrix creep was accompanied by elastic deformation of the fibres. A model from the literature was used to explain an apparent increase in the elastic modulus during load cycling at high temperature and also the lower strain accumulation seen during load cycling compared to conventional creep tests.
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Goff, Adam Carter. "Modeling and Synthesis of a Piezoelectric Ceramic-Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10143.
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A mathematical model has been created based on J.D. Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method that can predict the elastic modulus and damping capability in the form of Joule heat for any piezoelectric ceramic-reinforced metal matrix composite system. Specifically, barium titanate (BaTiO₃), lead titanate (PbTiO₃), and zinc oxide (ZnO) piezoelectric ceramics have been modeled as dispersed particles shaped as spheres, prolate spheroids, and discs within a host of common structural metallic matrices including 304 stainless steel, mild steel, aluminum, brass, copper, lead, magnesium, nickel, Ni-20wt%Cr, tin, titanium, Ti-6Al-4V(at%), and tungsten. Composite systems that were predicted to exhibit the greatest level of damping capacity include copper, aluminum, and magnesium matrices reinforced with PbTiO₃, BaTiO₃, and ZnO, in descending order of damping magnitude. In general, higher-conducting, lower-stiffness metallic matrices coupled with more-piezoelectric, higher-stiffness ceramic reinforcement resulted in the greatest level of predicted damping capability and enhanced composite elastic modulus. Additionally, a Ni-20wt%Cr-30v%BaTiO₃ composite has been created using mechanical alloying processing. Specifically, pure constituent powders were combined stoichiometrically in a SPEX milling vial utilizing a charge ratio of 4:1 and subsequently milled for 24 hours. Separate composite powder samples were then annealed in a hydrogen tube furnace at 400°C,
500°C, and 600°C for one and five hours at each temperature. X-ray diffraction was performed on the as-milled and the annealed powders revealing that each was composed of the starting constituents in the appropriate proportions. Representative powders were mounted and polished using common metallographic procedures and microstructures were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. All of the powders exhibited a good dispersion of BaTiO₃ particles ranging in diameter from 1μm to about 25nm with no noticeable difference between the as-milled and the annealed powders.Master of Science
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King, Harry C. III. "Automation of CVI equipment for laminated matrix composite fabrication." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19509.
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Aldridge, Matthew. "Aspects of the processing, mechanical properties and thermal shock behaviour of a ductile particle toughened alumina." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/605/.
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Tang, Chao. "Modelling of Thermo-Mechanical Behaviour of Ceramic Matrix Composite Tows and Laminates." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509397.
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Pryce, A. W. "Matrix cracking and stress/strain behaviour of continuous fibre ceramic composite laminates." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1991. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843150/.
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Matrix damage and its effects on mechanical properties have been examined for SiC (Nicalon1) fibre reinforced glass and glass ceramic matrix composites under quasi-static and fatigue loading conditions. Nicalon/Pyrex laminates of different lay-ups have been tested under quasi-static tension. The elastic moduli have been measured and matrix damage monitored as a function of applied strain. The mechanical properties are strongly influenced by the presence of crystalline regions in the matrix which promote microcracking. Laminated plate theory is used to provide bounds to the moduli of the laminates. For unidirectional and simple crossply Nicalon/CAS2 laminates the quasi-static stress/strain behaviour and associated matrix damage accumulation have been examined in detail. The damage development with applied stress was quantified by counts of crack density (in both longitudinal and transverse plies), stiffness loss and cumulative residual strain. The quasi static stress/strain behaviour during continuous tests (accumulating damage) and discontinuous tests (constant damage) have been modelled using a stress analysis based on Aveston, Cooper and Kelly (ACK) theory. The continuous stress/strain behaviour of (0/90) crossply laminates has been modelled using a shear-lag analysis developed previously to describe the transverse ply cracking behaviour of polymer matrix composites. The analysis is modified to account for longitudinal ply cracking. Matrix damage development in unidirectional and (0/90) crossply laminates under quasistatic cycling and high frequency fatigue loading have been studied. For unidirectional laminates stable stress/strain hysteresis loops were obtained during quasi-static cycling, corresponding to stable matrix damage states. These and similar loops obtained after high frequency fatigue are modelled using, the discontinuous stress/strain analysis. It is suggested that the effect of high frequency fatigue is to decrease the interfacial shear strength.
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Al-Joubory, Kassim M. "Fibre-matrix reaction in composite ceramics based on alumina, titania, and zirconia matrices." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329508.
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Ludford, Nicholas Philip. "An investigation into the thermal aging of an all oxide ceramic matrix composite." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843476/.
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The effect of thermal aging in air on a Nextel(TM) 720 aluminosilicate fibre reinforced alumina matrix material (N72O/AI2O3) has been investigated. Samples were aged at 1100oC for up to 4000 hours as well as for 200 hours at 1100°C, 1200°C, 1300°C, 1400°C and 1480°C. On completion of the thermal aging treatments, the microstructures of the samples were characterised, principally using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the material, flexural strength, Young's modulus and relative toughness, after aging were investigated using three point flexural testing. The as-received material was found to contain many voids and a large quantity of cracking that are believed to arise from in-complete matrix infiltration and green body production, respectively, during manufacture. It was found that the material does not meet the original proposed design criteria for this class of material. Initial results indicate that the 1100°C thermal aging treatment for up to 2000 hours has no detectable effect on the microstructure or properties of the material. After aging at 1100°C for 4000 hours, changes were detected in the material suggesting that prolonged thermal exposure of the material does have an effect on its properties, specifically a reduction in sample thickness indicating that the matrix may have densified slightly and a small increase in modulus and loss of aluminium from the fibre. In contrast, much shorter exposures to higher temperatures lead to significant changes to the microstructure, principally in terms of the reduction in porosity and grain growth in the matrix regions and an embrittlement of the material from an aging temperature of 1300°C, such that the material behaved as a monolithic ceramic after aging at 1480°C. Aging at 1200°C and above was found to cause a progressive decrease in the material thickness indicating a densification of the material. The fibre architecture was found to restrict densification in the plane of the fibre reinforcement. The mechanical properties of the material aged for 200 hours at 1200°C appear unaffected by the thermal aging. The aging of material at 1300°C was found to increase the Young's modulus to a maximum value after aging at 1400°C. Aging at 1480°C appeared to cause a slight decrease in the Young's modulus of the material. Aging of the material at 1300°C and above was found to cause a continuing reduction in the flexural strength of the material until a minimum value was reached after aging at 1480°C. A change in the microstructure of the fibre was initially observed after aging at 1300°C and was more pronounced after aging at 1400°C and 1480"C. A progressive growth of elongated alumina grains in the fibres was observed to occur as the meta-stable aluminium-rich mullite transformed to a silicon-rich mullite within the fibre. After aging at 1480°C the fibre was also observed to contain significant quantities of porosity. Furthermore, the fibre reinforcement appears to have lost aluminium, possibly to the matrix. The results of this investigation have found that the material is stable for aging periods of 2000 hours at 1100°C and for up to 200 hours at 1200°C. Whilst aging regimes of over 2000 hours at 1100°C may be acceptable, evidence has been found to suggest that the material is changing.
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Ham, Alexander. "High temperature erosive wear of a continuous fibre reinforced glass-ceramic matrix composite." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804413/.
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Butts, Mark D. "Nondestructive examination of nicalon fiber composite preforms using x-ray tomographic microscopy." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19959.
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Henry, Lucile. "Étude et développement d'un procédé propre et innovant de traitement de la surface de fibres céramiques en conditions hydrothermales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0328.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une volonté d’adapter un procédé hydrothermal au traitement de la surface de fibres céramiques utilisées lors de la fabrication des composites à matrice céramique (CMCs). Le procédé conventionnel développé par la société Safran Ceramics se réalise en plusieurs étapes dont la principale consiste à dissoudre les phases oxydées de la surface des fibres Nicalon dans des bains d’acides. En conséquence, leurs propriétés chimiques de surface sont homogènes et un film de carbone microporeux est généré à la surface des fibres afin d’améliorer sa compatibilité chimique avec l’interphase de pyrocarbone qui y est déposée. Nous avons proposé de substituer ce procédé par un traitement par voie hydrothermale. En effet, l’eau possédant des propriétés physicochimiques ajustables en fonction des paramètres pression et température, il a été possible de modifier les propriétés de surface des fibres Nicalon d’une manière identique être productible au procédé conventionnel. L’efficacité et la compétitivité de ce traitement ont pu être démontrées par l’obtention de fibres avec des propriétés de surface optimales en une seule étape. Par la suite, l’étude du mécanisme réactionnel a révélé une attaque sélective des atomes de Si de la fibre selon des réactions d’hydrolyse. Puis, l’étude thermodynamique réalisée a mis en avant un régime à dominante cinétique. Finalement, les propriétés mécaniques des composites fabriqués à partir de tissus de fibres traités selon ce nouveau procédé ont été conformes aux objectifs. Ceci nous a donc permis de qualifier le traitement des fibres Nicalon par voie hydrothermaleThis thesis project was carried out in order to develop a hydrothermal processfor the surface treatment of ceramic fibres which are integrated into the fabrication of ceramicmatrix composites (CMCs). A conventional process was developed by Safran Ceramics tomodify the surface chemistry of the Nicalon fibres following 3 steps. The main step consistsin dissolving the oxidised phases at the fibre surface by the use of strong acids. As aconsequence, the chemical homogeneity of the surface is enhanced and a microporouscarbon film is generated helping its compatibilization with the pyrocarbon interphase that isdeposited in between the fibres and the matrix. It was suggested to substitute thisconventional process by a hydrothermal treatment. Indeed, as water displays tunablephysico-chemical properties regarding the temperature and pressure conditions, it waspossible to recover fibres demonstrating reproducible and similar characteristics. Theefficiency and competitivity of the hydrothermal treatment have been assessed throughoptimised surface properties obtained after one single step. Next, the mechanisminvestigation revealed a selective attack of the Si atoms contained in the fibre via hydrolysisreactions. Then, the thermodynamic study pointed out the fact that the process wasdominated by a kinetic regim. Finally, the mechanical caracterisation of the CMCs made ofhydrothermal treated fibres showed results which met all the requirements. These finalobservations allowed us to complete the qualification of the hydrothermal process to treat thesurface of Nicalon fibres
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Cottet, Arnaud J. "Modelling of ceramic matrix composite microstructure using a 2-D fractal spatial particle distribution." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12928.
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Dearn, Sophie Clare. "Development of a novel oxide-oxide ceramic matrix composite for high temperature structural applications." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5924/.
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The introduction of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) for structural applications in the hot section of a gas turbine provides many potential benefits over conventional alloy materials, including facilitating elevated operating temperatures. The development of an oxide-oxide CMC composed of commercially available Nextel 720 (3M) fibres within a porous alumina matrix was presented. A simple, low cost processing method involving slurry impregnation and subsequent consolidation and densification was developed, facilitating the production of dried pre-impregnated fabric (‘pre-preg’) that can be stored in ambient conditions. Detailed investigation into the effect of three types of PVA binder, the effect of 0-20wt% additions of an alumina precursor (ACH), the influence of a bimodal particle distribution and the effect of sintering at temperatures between 1100 and 1300°C on processing and mechanical properties was completed in order to optimise the material. The optimised composite material, composed of Nextel 720 fibres within a submicron alumina particle matrix with 10wt% ACH sintered at 1200°C, exhibited mean flexural strength >205MPa, short beam shear strength >12MPa and tensile strength >146MPa. These results were comparable to similar oxide CMCs previously reported, validating this material.
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GHOSH, DIPANKAR. "CRACK PROPAGATION AND FRACTURE RESISTANCE BEHAVIOR UNDER FATIGUE LOADING OF A CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1019491575.
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Hu, Yile, and Yile Hu. "Peridynamic Modeling of Fiber-Reinforced Composites with Polymer and Ceramic Matrix." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625367.
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This study focuses on developing novel modeling techniques for fiber-reinforced composites with polymer and ceramic matrix based on Peridynamic approach. To capture the anisotropic material behaviors of composites under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions, a new peridynamic model for composite laminate and a modified peridynamic approach for non-uniform discretization are proposed in this study. In order to achieve the numerical implementation of the proposed model and approach, a mixed implicit-explicit solver based on GPU parallel computing is developed as well.
The new peridynamic model for composite laminates does not have any limitation in fiber orientation, material properties and stacking sequence. It can capture the expected orthotropic material properties and coupling behaviors in laminates with symmetric and asymmetric layups. Unlike the previous models, the new model enables the evaluation of stress and strain fields in each ply of the laminate. Therefore, it permits the use of existing stress- or strain-based failure criteria for damage prediction. The computation of strain energy stored at material points allows the energy-based failure criteria required for delamination propagation and fatigue crack growth. The capability of this approach is verified against benchmark solutions, and validated by comparison with the available experimental results for three laminate layups with an open hole under tension and compression.
The modified peridynamic approach for non-uniform discretization enables computational efficiency and removes the effect of geometric truncations in the simulation. This approach is a modification to the original peridynamic theory by splitting the strain energy associated with an interaction between two material points according to the volumetric ratio arising from the presence of non-uniform discretization and variable horizon. It also removes the requirement for correction of peridynamic material parameters due to surface effects. The accuracy of this approach is verified against the benchmark solutions, and demonstrated by considering cracking in nuclear fuel pellet subjected to a thermal load with non-uniform discretizations.
Unlike the previous peridynamic simulations which primarily employs explicit algorithm, this study introduces implicit algorithm to achieve peridynamic simulation under quasi-static loading condition. The Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) and Generalized Minimal Residual (GMRES) algorithms are implemented with GPU parallel computing technology. Circulant preconditioner provides significant acceleration in the convergence of peridynamic analyses. To predict damage evolution, the simulation is continued with standard explicit algorithms. The validity and performance of this mixed implicit-explicit solver is established and demonstrated with benchmark tests.
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Chen, Makan. "A modified sol-gel route to fibre reinforced alumina and mullite composites." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326846.
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Halverson, Howard Gerhard. "Durability of Ceramic Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures: Experimental Studies and Predictive Modeling." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27834.
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In this work, the deformation and strength of an oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite system under stress-rupture conditions were studied both experimentally and analytically. A rupture model for unidirectional composites which incorporates fiber strength statistics, fiber degradation, and matrix damage was derived. The model is based on a micromechanical analysis of the stress state in a fiber near a matrix crack and includes the effects of fiber pullout and global load sharing from broken to unbroken fibers. The parameters required to produce the deformation and lifetime predictions can all be obtained independently of stress-rupture testing through quasi-static tension tests and tests on the individual composite constituents. Thus the model is truly predictive in nature. The predictions from the model were compared to the results of an extensive experimental program. The model captures the trends in steady-state creep and tertiary creep but the lifetime predictions are extremely conservative. The model was further extended to the behavior of cross-ply or woven materials through the use of numeric representations of the fiber stresses as the fibers bridge matrix cracks. Comparison to experiments on woven materials demonstrated the relationship between the behavior of the unidirectional and cross-ply geometries. Finally, an empirical method for predicting the durability of materials which exhibit multiple damage modes is examined and compared to results of accurate Monte Carlo simulations. Such an empirical method is necessary for the durability analysis of large structural members with varying stress and temperature fields over individual components. These analyses typically require the use of finite element methods, but the extensive computations required in micromechanical models render them impractical. The simple method examined in this work, however, is shown to have applicability only over a narrow range of material properties.Ph. D.
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Bulsara, Vatsal N. "Effects of fiber spatial distribution and interphase on transverse damage in fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21429.
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Smith, Craig Edward. "Monitoring Damage Accumulation In SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites Using Electrical Resistance." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1249917100.
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Yang, Fan. "Oxidation and mechanical damage in unidirectional SiC/Si#N# composite at elevated temperatures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19057.
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Herbst, Stephan. "Investigation of a ceramic metal matrix composite functional surface layer manufactured using gas tungsten arc welding." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9191.
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Wear resistant surfaces with high toughness and impact resistant properties are to be created to improve the life cycle cost of brake discs for trains. A potential solution to this industrial problem is to use an arc cladding process. This work describes the application of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) for a structural ceramic Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) on steel. The structure of the two ceramics examined indicates the possibility of development of a wear resistant surface, which would extend the life of the brake disc. Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Tungsten Carbide (WC) ceramics were studied to embed them in a steel matrix by an advanced GTAW method. WC particles penetrated the liquid weld pool and also partially dissolved in the steel matrix, whereas, SiC because of the physical properties never penetrated deeper into the weld pool but segregated on the surface. Successful embedding and bonding of WC led to the decision to exercise an in-depth analysis of the bonding between the WC particles and the matrix. Chemical analysis of the matrix revealed more WC dissolution as compared to particle form within the clad. It was observed that WC reinforcement particles built a strong chemical bond with the steel matrix. This was shown by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The hard clad layer composed of WC reinforced steel matrix gave an matching friction coefficient to high-strength steel in cold wear conditions through Pin-on-Disc wear and friction testing. A prototype railway brake disc was created with the established GTAW parameters to find out the difficulties of producing industrial scale components.
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Ellerby, Donald Thomas. "Processing and mechanical properties of metal-ceramic composites with controlled microstructure formed by reactive metal penetration /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10583.
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Wolford, Ian Mark. "Quantifying Amorphous Content of Commercially Available Silicon Carbide Fibers." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1472054006.
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Nualas, Florence. "Fonctionnement en oxydation de matériaux composites céramiques (CMC) dans des environnements aéronautiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993488.
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Les composites à matrice céramique (CMC) sont destinés à remplacer les superalliages comme constituants de l'architecture des chambres de combustion des moteurs aéronautiques. Dans ces conditions, la durée de vie de ces matériaux diminue fortement du fait de leurs dégradations par oxydation. Pour pallier à ce problème, des CMC à matrice autocicatrisante sont élaborés. Ils possèdent la particularité de s'auto-protéger vis-à-vis de l'oxydation par la formation d'oxyde passivant limitant la diffusion des espèces oxydantes au sein des fissures matricielles. Dans le cadre de ces travaux de thèse, la durabilité d'un composite SiC/[Si-B-C] est évaluée. Son comportement en oxydation/corrosion est alors étudié entre 450 et 1000°C sous air à des pressions partielles d'humidité variables. Une approche multi-échelle (échelle constituants et composite) est envisagée pour comprendre les différents mécanismes mis en jeu lors de la non-cicatrisation/cicatrisation du matériau.
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MARCHISIO, SILVIA. "Composite Materials reinforced by Carbon Nanotubes." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2506164.
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The work of this Ph.D. thesis has been realised in the field of a promising and largely studied technological material: the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Since 1991 a large number of attempts have been conducted, trying to exploit the outstanding potential of this carbonaceous material, in order to improve the properties of several matrices. The most important application is the production of polymer matrices composites (PMCs), but in last decades an increasing number of metal matrix ones (MMCs) have been presented and recently also ceramic matrix (CMCs) applications have been attempted. Despite massive efforts focused on CNTs-composites, the potential of employing this reinforcement materials has not yet been fully exploited. This lack is substantially due to the difficulties associated with the dispersion of entangled carbon nanotubes during processing and poor interfacial interaction between CNTs and matrix materials. Because of these reasons the very first aspect of this work has been the study of the dispersion state of nanotubes. The aim of the experiments was not only to obtain a good dispersion and distribution of the CNTs, but also to evaluate their dispersion grade. Indeed, due to their nanosize and to their carbonaceous nature, few simple experimental techniques result suitable for this purpose. The second part of the work consisted in the application of the carbon nanotubes to the production of new materials for technological applications, with improved mechanical properties. Three composite materials with different matrices have been designed, developed and produced: a polymer matrix composite, a ceramic matrix and a metal matrix one. For PMCs a polyvinyl butyral matrix has been used and the composites were obtained by a deeply studied technique: the tape casting technology. The same approach was also used in the case of CMCs: tape casted silicon carbide matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes have been produced. Finally a third matrix has been experimented: MMCs were investigated starting from pure aluminium powders. For Al matrix composites a particular technique was used: the sintering was obtained starting from a powder metallurgy approach and exploiting electric current and pressure (Electric Current Assisted Sintering approach). For all the three different composite materials, after the development of the production route and the preparation of several specimens, a characterization step followed. The materials were characterized in terms of physical properties, morphology and microstructure, and mechanical behaviour.