Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Céramique romaine – Gaule'
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Léon, Yoanna. "Étude de la diffusion en Gaule d'une technique romaine d'élaboration de sigillées à travers l'analyse microstructurale des surfaces décoratives (ou engobes)." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1362/.
Full textThe terra sigillata ceramic is a decorated vessel with standardized forms characteristic of the Roman period and its manufacture was reserved to few specialized workshops. This pottery is recognizable not only by its decorations but by its colour and its brightness, attained by means of a red vitrified slip. This one was obtained by firing under oxidizing conditions an iron rich clay finely settled. This technique appeared in central Italy during the 1st century B. C. (Arezzo, Pisa) and it was spread across the Roman Empire during the Augustan period. From the beginning of our era, big centres of production of sigillata (La Graufesenque, Montans) were set up in the South of the Gaul, developing their own directory of shapes and decorations. Before it, these south-Gallic centres and other workshops with a localized production (Bram) produced in the South of The Gaul a non vitrified slip ceramic, reproducing the ancient forms of the italic sigillata. The microstructural analysis of the slip of these different productions have been performed in a wide range of scales (by means of complementary characterization techniques) brings us relevant information on the appearance context of the first workshops of south-Gallic sigillata. The main chemical reactions occurring in the formation of the slips have been identified thanks to a study of the behaviour in temperature of a selection of permo-triasiques clays (likely source of slips). From all these data, it is now possible to identify the conditions (nature and composition of the clay, the temperature and the atmosphere of firing) leading to specific types of slip microstructure and also to bring to light the resemblances and the characteristics of different productions. The spatial variation of the report Fe2 + / Fe3 + obtained by means of Fe-K Edge XANES in the K-edge of iron, allowed, example, to precisely identify the variations of atmosphere during the annealing, and to distinguish easily the true sigillata from red imitation of sigillata which always preserves the track of their firing in reducing atmosphere. The study of sigillata slip by spectroscopy Raman highlighted the crystalline defects of the hematite (main pigment) depending on conditions of elaboration (nature of the clay and the temperature of firing) and can be thus used as criterion to distinguish the different productions. These results show that the ceramic with non vitrified slip (sigillata imitation) corresponded well to a end product with a more traditional manufacture and in localized production, maybe aiming to fulfil a need connected to the deficit of vessels which existed during this period. The craftsmen adapted the composition of their slip according to kilns traditionally used (firing in reducing atmosphere) with the aim of obtaining a red slip, but have never tried to modify the mode of firing to make of the truth vitrified slip sigillata. The production of sigillata, fired in oxidizing atmosphere, suddenly appears in the years 20 AD, what suggests the Italian specialists' intervention mastering perfectly this technique. This transfer came along with a modification of the process of elaboration which confers on slip a better mechanical resistance and also improves their optical properties, but requires a higher temperature and thus adding an additional cost. Nevertheless the study of the resources in clays of the various south-Gallic centres tends to demonstrate that it is not about an adaptation to local clays. It would seem that a difference in the preparation of the slip is responsible for this structural modification. The potters of La Graufesenque and Montans credibly adapted new processes (mode of firing) while preserving certain know-how to make native for the preparation of the clay. This modification thus results from a voluntary choice or in any case from a voluntarily preserved particular process, which leads an evolution of the product. This one becomes more functional at the same time that the aesthetics are preserved, maybe in answer to a more marked need in utilitarian vessels in this period. Even though we cannot really speak about a change of status of the sigillata, it is clear that this evolution follows in a parallel way, the variations of political and economic context (empire/Principate) which surrounds both considered productions (italic and south-Gallic)
Andrieu, Morgane. "Graffites et société en Gaule lyonnaise : contribution à l'étude des inscriptions gravées sur vaisselle céramique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040117.
Full textLatin writing is one of the main types of evidence for studying the Gallo-Roman period. Contacts between Romans and natives have favoured its spread throughout Gaul. Although few traces have remained, writing is a valuable testimony of the past and the objective of this thesis is to study its everyday use in the capital cities of Gallia Lugdunensis through the examples of Autun, Chartres and Sens (France). Therefore, this study is based on the analysis of the incised inscriptions (graffiti) on pottery tableware which was an everyday object accessible to the entire Gallo-Roman population and made of a non-perishable material. Thus, graffiti on pottery are among the rare examples at our disposal to understand the daily epigraphic habits of the Gallo-Roman population. The first part of this work was to identify all graffiti on pottery discovered in Autun, Chartres and Sens. The missions, which were possible thanks to the help of volunteers and to the financial support of the European Archaeological Centre (Bibracte), the Ministry of Culture and Paris-Sorbonne University, allowed us to identify a total of 676 graffiti, most of them are unpublished. All are listed, illustrated and discussed in the catalogue of this thesis. The study of the corpus includes the inscriptions, their linguistic and palaeographic analysis, the identification and the dating of their support and context of discovery. The messages transmitted by these inscriptions were different contents, wishes, dedications, etc.), but most consisted of ownership marks incised on quality crockery. The study reveals similar epigraphic practices in the three cities and the comparison with the results of previously published studies shows that these epigraphic codes are used far beyond the borders of Gallia Lugdunensis
Thuillier, Frédy. "Les ateliers céramiques d'époque gallo-romaine dans le nord de la Gaule : organisation et typologie des structures de production." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR2026.
Full textWillems, Sonja. "La céramique gallo-romaine du Haut-Empire produite chez les Ménapiens, Atrébates et Nerviens : dynamiques économiques et identités territoriales." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100042/2019PA100042_1.pdf.
Full textIn Gallia Belgica, the southern part of the Menapian and Nervian civitates, as well as the northern part of the Atrebates territory are characterized by multiple landscapes. The analysis of local pottery production illustrates the complexity of the economic relationships and their different expressions of cultural identity, achieved through an integrated approach of macroscopic, petrographic and chemical description of local kiln site material, combined with a systematical identification of pottery from consumption sites. This method permits us to study the pottery distribution patterns and thus an analysis of economic and cultural interaction. In the western part of the studied area the Menapians preserve the traditional indigenous technique of hand-made pottery, while in the eastern part the Atrebates and the Nervians change to wheel-turned pottery and a choice of specific clays by the middle of the first century AD. The reasons for this difference in choices and techniques are multiple, but the land-use plays a fundamental role. The presence of well-adapted clay material, the production of specific delicacies and foodstuffs and the arrival of exogenous populations, are crucial factors leading to this technical contrast. The integrated approach of studying both the consumption and production material also assists in answering questions about the organization of the potter’s production: identification of clay mixtures, the alteration or upholding of certain mixtures, recognition of testing periods and abandoning of clay mixes, specialization and the conservation, transferring or movement of techniques or of potters. These themes can be developed for pottery kiln sites focusing on the production of wheel-turned pottery, sold for its qualities instead of its contents
Gohier, Pauline. "Les céramiques à glaçure plombifère antiques en Gaule méridionale et dans la vallée du Rhône (Ier s. av. J.-C – IIIe s. apr. J.-C)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3106.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims firstly at providing full documentation about the various lead-glazed potteries reported in the southern Gaul and the Rhone Valley contexts. The inventory has pointed out the existence of six ceramic production groups over a period spending between the end of the first century B.C and the middle of the third century A.D. Ceramics come from Minor Asia, northern Italy, Lyon and Saint-Romain-en-Gal’s workshops, the center of Gaul, central Italy and Capitou's workshop (Hérault). Each ceramic category is the subject of a detailed study. This work is mainly dedicated to lead-glazed ceramics of central Italy. Investigation of consumer contexts leads to re-examine the classification of these ceramics and changes dating. A new typological classification is proposed. Some recurrent forms indicate the existence of a real trade - even reduced - of this type of ceramic in western Mediterranean area during the second and third century. The work done on Lazio's workshops, coupled with archaeometric analyses and recent archaeological discoveries, allowed the precise location of lead-glazed ceramic production centres in the Rome area (Nuovo Mercato Testaccio and Janiculum).This study of lead-glazed potteries from the southern Gaul and the Rhone valley, and more generally of the western Mediterranean basin, provides a better understanding of the production, chronology, productions sites, trade and status of this so peculiar category of ceramic. This research work based on large geographical and chronological scale, allows us to understand the process of glaze technology transfer from Eastern workshops to those of the Western workshops
Marot, Emmanuel. "L'approvisionnement céramique de Javols-Anderitum de la fin du Ier s. Av. Au IIIème s. Ap. J. -C. Dans son contexte chrono-typologique, économique et culturel pour le Sud-Est du Massif Central." Tours, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01430550.
Full textThe south-east Massif Central's ceramological knowledge during the Upper Empire leads to numerous pardoxes : whereas this area includes in the 1st and 2nd centuries leading workshops dealing out their fine ceramics throughout the whole Empire, one bare knows the crockery used in this area. This study aims at filing partly this documentary gap, focusing on the site of Javols-Anderitum, the Gabales' city ancient chief town (Lozère, nowadays). The analysis, which delt with homogeneous ceramic sets dating back to the end of the 1st century b. C. Until the end of the 3d century p. C. , intended to study the ceramic categories present in Javols, as well as to identify their chronology, function and origin. This work therefore managed to establish different chrono-typological referentials, which remain open to further research and should allow better discussion between archaeologists. The analysis also intended to set the ceramics the inhabitants of this gallo-roman capital used in a wider economical and cultural frame. Since the very beginnings of the Gabales' chief town, the mediterranean model's penetration thus apparead quite deep as far as crockery is concerned. Yet this acculturation occurred not because of italic import, but is rather on the one hand the consequence of unbroken cultural, economical and commercial links with Arverns on the north, on the other the result of leading workshops emerging in the soul of Gaul. The whole set of kitchen ustensils, through tooking advantage of potters' technical improvements, nevertheless betrays not a clear adoption of a roman alimentation. From an economical point of view, Javols' as well as other local sites' ceramic supplies seem to be tightly fastened with the leading workshops from the south of Gaul, especially with La Gaufresenque. Those consumption sites then take advantage from the Rutenian workshop's rise, yet all the more suffer from its production breaking off, hence the emergence of a new and original crockery from the middle of the 2nd century p. C
Corsiez, Amélie. "La céramique romaine de cinq pagi du Nord de la Gaule (p. Laudunensis, Suessionensis, Tardunensis, Noviomensis et Vermandensis) : caractérisation, chronologie, fonctions et économie." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30016.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the ceramic who has a definite antique geographic entity, in order to uncertain the fascia and to confront it to the function analysis and approvisionements. The investigation territory is situated on the antique pagi of the Laonnois, of Soissonnais, of Tardenois, of Noyonnais and of Vermandois (in Latin in the title), comprised in the territory of the three cities of Belgian Gaul (City of Remes, of Suessions and of Viromanduens)The study is relying on a catalogue of 36 sites of habitats (rural and cities) and 8 funeral sites, reunited with personal studies and counting of excavation reports done by various actors of preventive archaeology. Eighty five site-horizons have then served as a base to the constitution for a chronology composed of thirteen synthesis horizons. These have been detailed within Chapter II, whereas chapter III characterises the principle categories of the ceramics and their evolution through time. Finally, chapter IV starts with an analysis of the conventional fascia of the 5 pagi, focusing its remarks between town and county. It continues with a comparison between fascia, notably through the dark ceramic commons and concludes with a global analysis of approvisionements and the economy with a detail point of the simian ware, the terra nigra and the dark common ceramic
Barrier, Sylvie. "Réflexions sur les céramiques fines en Gaule interne de la Tène finale au début du Haut-Empire : comparaisons d'ensembles et essai de caractérisation des phénomènes d'acculturation." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR2030.
Full textThis thesis constitutes a first essay of the analysis of the acculturation rate and of intensity of the phenomenon for pottery fine wares in North-eastern Gaul (160/150 BCE to 50 CE). Based on a corpus of 130 assemblages from 21 urban sites from the western centre of France, the Swiss plateau and Luxembourg, the study is characterised by a systematic methodology. The analyses are based on the calculation of a ‘Romanisation index’, quantifying the acculturation level of an assemblage on a scale of 1 to 100. Statistical tools such as seriation and factor analysis were used for analysing the scope of the phenomenon. The diachronic and cartographic examination of the results obtained showed large disparities in the acculturation processes concerning fine wares. The level of Romanisation could be defined, thus allowing a comparison of the acculturation processes among other aspects of Gaulish culture such as cooking implements and construction techniques
Malignas, Adrien. "Les céramiques culinaires et l'évolution de la cuisine en Gaule méridionale à l'époque romaine : l'exemple du Languedoc de la fin du IIe s. av. au IIe s. ap. J.-C." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30098.
Full textCooking ware study leads to analyse the functions of the ceramics objects. Even if all those objects are linked to the field of cookery, some of them may be used specifically to stock, to prepare or mix ingredients, or to cook. This PhD Thesis focuses on this type of ceramics material in Languedoc since the creation of the Transalpin Gaul Province by the Romans. The choice of ceramic technique tells us a lot about the function of ware. The selection of clay, the way it is prepared and fired cause either hard-wearing ware or fireproof container. Typing shapes according to their group / shape / type, allows to analyse composition of set of pots and pans. Thanks to antic texts we may find how the containers were used and we can piece together what were culinary practices. Furthermore, this study is also a cultural analysis of roman acculturation in south of Gaul. Typology and technique studies enlighten two specific cases: on the one hand, in Western Languedoc – mostly the Narbonne area -, wares have Italic characteristics, and on the other hand, in Eastern Languedoc, wares have traditional characteristics. Nevertheless, from a functional point of view, distribution of shapes points to similar culinary practices, closed to roman practices (examples of Pompéi and Ostie)
Szabó, Dániel. "Étapes de l’urbanisation au coeur de l’oppidum de Bibracte : étude du mobilier céramique des fouilles hongroises de l’Îlot des Grandes Forges." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040095.
Full textMy PhD dissertation contains the detailed study of the pottery finds from the Hungarian excavations of the « Grandes Forges » insula. The insula is located in the oppidum of Bibracte (Le Mont Beuvray, Burgundy). The primary aim of this work is not only to study and to publish the pottery finds of the different occupation layers but also to contribute to the results of the already existing ceramic studies of the oppidum of Bibracte. My work offers a chronology to the « Grandes Forges » insula, an archeological site of great importance where the remains of the roman basilica of Bibracte have been found. Finally my work tries to give a better understanding of the chronology and provides a survey of the pottery finds of the oppidum of Bibracte
Indino, Giuseppe. "Centre et périphéries : l’évolution des échanges et des commerces entre l’Italie et la Gaule pendant la période hellénistique-romaine. Le cas de la céramique campanienne dans le Sud-Ouest de la Gaule en confrontation avec la sigillée sud-gauloise en Vénétie." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU1071.
Full textWithin the framework of the central and peripheral model, the research in question deals with aspects of production, export, relocation and diffusion of ceramic materials during the Hellenistic and Roman period. In particular, fine, semi-fine and italic containers exchanged between the Peninsula and the South during the Hellenistic period (II Iron Age in Gaul) are analysed in comparison with Gallic ceramics during the Early Roman Empire between the South and Regio X augustea. More precisely, the examples of the master fossils of Campanian black glazed wares and the Gallic southern terra sigillata of Graufesenque (Aveyron), Montans (Tarn), Banassac (Lozère), Lezoux (Puy-de-Dôme) as well as the Dressel 1A-1B and Gallic amphorae are studied. The documentary value of such artefact (manufactured products) is of great importance in understanding the chronological, historical, economic and social problems of the Roman world. Their analysis helps to understand the dynamics of the production and marketing of other commodities such as food products, of which ceramics are often use as an accompaniment. This comparative study aims to deepen knowledge of the Roman cultural and economic universe as well as that of the commercial axes between the centre and the periphery, more precisely between Italy and southern Aquitaine on one hand, South of France and Regio X on the other hand. Part of the work is devoted to the economic axes, waterways and landways, used for the transport and reception of goods and pottery in Roman times in the regions concerned by this research. The diffusion of pottery, subject of the study, is a sign of large-scale production that goes far beyond family use and is therefore a precursor to the concept of globalization that we know today. The diffusion of pottery, subject of the study, is a sign of large-scale production that goes far beyond family use and is therefore a precursor to the concept of globalization that we know today
Charlier, Fabrice. "Technologie des tuiliers gallo-romains (Gaules et Germanies) : analyse comparative et régressive des structures de production des matériaux de construction en terre cuite de l'époque contemporaine à l'Antiquité." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1006.
Full textThis research concerns the techniques of tile and brick-making in Roman time in the provinces ofGaul and Germania. We have only access to these techniques through archaeology. First, there arethe movable vestiges: the objects (tiles and bricks), then there are the real estate vestiges: the tilemakingsites which are regularly uncovered. Only the structures of production are examined here,but it is often made reference to materials. The study is led according to two guidelines. One is horizontal: the “chaîne opératoire”, the other is vertical: Time, from present to past. The structures of production are treated according to the orderof the making process: quarrying, preparing clay, shaping, drying, and firing. Inside each of thesefive phases are successively studied structures of contemporary time (craft production), modern,medieval and finally Gallo-Roman. This regressive approach allows us to bring to light thecontinuities and the breaks in the techniques used and thus, to better characterize and understandthe most ancient of them, the Gallo-Roman tile-makers one. The functioning of the most recentstructures of production sheds light on that of the Roman ones. Punctual comparisons are only usedto try and explain some original characteristics of the Gallo-Roman structures. The most innovativeresults were obtained in the study of the structures used in the phases of shaping, drying and firing
Chabert, Sandra. "Les céramiques en territoire arverne et sur ses marges de l'antiquité tardive au haut moyen âge (fin IIIe - milieu VIIIe siècle) : approche chrono-typologique, économique et culturelle." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20013/document.
Full textThe sparse knowledge of the late antiquity in Auvergne is partly due to the absence of chronological typology for this period. The recent uncovering of significant ceramic assemblages and the reassessment of pastdata make it possible today to fill this research gap. This thesis attempts to bring new light to the Arverne territory, its economy and culture, in the late antiquity and the early middle ages (from the late 3rd century to the mid-8th century), through the study of its pottery. The evolution observed in the repertory shows that the antique facies remained until the 6th century, as well as the culinary practices and table manners. Until the 5th century,forms and types of ceramics are very varied, becoming more standardized in the next century, and finally starting in the 7th century, closed culinary vessels are predominant.The study of funerary assemblages from the 4th and 5th centuries, demonstrates how the Arverne territory participated in the general evolution of funerary practices in Gaul. However the Auvergne region stands out by the considerable number of ceramic vases found in tombs and the clear preference for solid food vessels in funerary repasts.The presence of imported goods is evidence that the Arverne territory was part of the commercial routes by the end of Antiquity. However the small amounts of importations imply a parsimonious procurement, which would mean that the Auvergne region was actually located on the outer limits of the distribution areas of most industrial productions. The correlations established with 4th and 5th century pottery from other areas of Central Gaul could be proof of a common tradition of production, and how such territories could have possibly belonged to a same cultural and economic entity. The South of the Arverne territory seemed however more influenced by southern Gaul as shown by the study of 6th and 7th century pottery from the lozerian site of La Malène
Barthélemy-Sylvand, Céline. "Les amphores de la moyenne vallée de la Loire : commerce et échanges chez les Bituriges, les Carnutes et les Turons (IIIe s. av. J.-C.- Ve s. ap. J.-C.)." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010652.
Full textBigot, Fabrice. "Nouvelles données, nouvelles réflexions sur la production et la diffusion des amphores gauloises à partir de l'étude des contextes portuaires et littoraux de Gaule Narbonnaise (Ier s. av. – IVe s. ap.)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30062.
Full textThe researches on amphorae of Narbonensis, for more than thirty years, has provided abundant data on the production and trade of these containers. However, the specificity of the implantation of the Narbonensis’ workshops, in the hinterland rather than near the harbours and on the coast, seemed to constitute an anomaly, considering the organization of the manufacture of amphorae in the other provinces of the Empire. The hypothesis of a hiatus in the discoveries was supported by the results of physico-chemical analysis carried out on containers uncovered in centers of consumption, located outside the Province. The outcome indicated that some of sectors, such as the Rhone valley, had a much higher concentration of workshops than the identified vestiges showed.The aim of this thesis is to take account to the importance of the littoral and ports in the production of the amphorae of Narbonensis, between the end of the 1st century BC and the 4th century AD. It was based on a study of the very rich documentation provided by land and underwater archaeological operations in the ports and coastal settlements.This work concerns the published and unpublished furniture delivered by all the workshops, harbour’s dumps and urban consumption’s contexts of the littoral between Narbonne and Antibes. This corpus is gathered in a catalog that divides the sites into seven sectors defined by their geography and which constitute so many coherent micro-regional or regional sets.The analysis of the data presented in the catalog and the published data of hinterland sites and extra-regional contexts shows that the number of workshops in this area was largely undervalued. In fact, ten new workshop have been identified by the establishment of a methodology who combine the data provided by the prospecting operations and the excavations with the ceramological and archaeometrical studies. In addition, the study indicates that the factories located in the harbour’s agglomerations dominate the supply of extra-regional markets. It also shows that coastal workshops are more resistant to the decline of speculative viticulture from the second half of the second century, than those of the hinterland. Finally, the comparison of the various production’s zones on the coast reveals a hierarchy between them, resulting from their position in the center, or more, at the margin of the commercial currents of the Empire. Thus, Arles and the lower Rhone valley dominate the other regions. The amphorae of this territory are exported to the north of Gaul or Rome. The factories of Marseille, and, to a lesser extent, those of the rest of Provence, are also dynamic and their production is massively exported to Ostia. The wine amphorae of Languedoc are more widely diffused regionally, especially those of the city of Nîmes. However, the main outlet for Languedoc wine remains unknown.Finally, new acquisitions on the typo-chronology of Narbonensis’ amphorae confirm a close relationship between the morphological diversity of Narbonensis' productions, the quality of the wines, and the destination of these containers.This work brings new evidences of the importance of the study of the Narbonensis’ amphorae for understanding the economy of this province during the Antiquity. The analysis of these lost packaging reveals an extremely rationalized organization of this craft, which responds to distribution channels that are probably more diversified than was supposed
Laroche, Carolyne. "Étude de la cargaison et du mobilier de l’épave Pointe de Pomègues 1 : un exemple de relation commerciale entre Rome et la Gaule." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22012.
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