Dissertations / Theses: 'Cereal crop'

1

Hammen, Volker Carsten. "On-line sensing of cereal crop biomass." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963475355.

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Harstad, Alicia. "H13 Efficacy as a Spring Cereal Crop Herbicide." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26691.

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H13 is an experimental herbicide that has activity on both broadleaf and grass weeds. This project evaluated H13 efficacy as a spring cereal herbicide by determining H13 site of entry into plants, tolerance of hard red spring wheat, durum wheat, and barley to H13, and H13 efficacy to wild oat and wild buckwheat. H13 caused substantial response when applied to wild oat and wild buckwheat foliage only and negligible response when applied to soil only, indicating H13 is primarily absorbed through foliage. All crops were sensitive to H13 applied preemergence. Hard red spring wheat was tolerant to H13 applied post emergence while durum wheat and barley have potential to manifest injury. H13 gave less control of wild oat and wild buckwheat than three industry standard herbicides. H13 was not an effective spring cereal herbicide for wild oat and wild buckwheat control under conditions observed in this project.

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3

Potter, Mark. "Biochemical studies of tissue glucosinolates for improvement of canola (Brassica napus) as a disease break within the southern Australian cereal rotation /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php8678.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D) -- University of Adelaide, Depts. of Plant Science and Crop Protection, 1998.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Depts. of Plant Science and Crop Protection, 1999? Bibliographical references: leaves 112-125.

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4

Larsson, Hans. "Aphids and thrips : the dynamics and bio-economics of cereal pests /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005119.pdf.

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5

Hibberd, Julian. "Effects of elevated COâ†2 on biotrophic pathogens : powdery mildew of barley." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484121.

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6

Laswai, Henry Sarimbo. "The role of exogenous and endogenous proteases in processing of sorghum." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315782.

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7

Davis, M. "Whole crop cereal harvesting, utilisation of products and by-products by ruminants." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.483198.

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Work with sheep indicated that fractionation of whole crop barley (WCB) further than material other than grain (MOG) and grain was of no benefit. Feeding WCB to sheep demonstrated the effectiveness of NaOH (53g/kg DM), aqueous NH₃ and anhydrous NH₃ (both 42g/kg DM) as treatment chemicals for mature (800g DM /kg) WCB, OMD being increased by around 5 percentage units for all three treatments. A laboratory scale trial indicated that aerobic stability of WCB was improved by NH₃ treatment, the optimum level being 30 to 40g /kg DM. In the work which followed WCB of between 350 and 800g DM /kg was treated with anhydrous ammonia at a level of 35g /kg DM and fed to steers of 350 kg liveweight. In cattle of this weight faecal grain loss was significantly correlated with dry matter intake (g /kg^0.75 LW). Ammonia treatment increased intake by 25% while grain loss increased from a mean of 0.177 of ingested grain for diets of 670 and 770g DM /kg to 0.284 after NH₃ treatment. Rate and extent of DM loss from whole grains incubated in the rumen were increased by NH₃ treatment of the WCB. Distribution of anhydrous NH₃ in crops < 600g DM was uneven. The final trial used steers of liveweight 150, 250 and 350 kg to test the hypothesis that smaller cattle digest whole grain more fully than do large cattle. The influence of animal size on starch digestibility coefficient was found to be significant when a multiple regression analysis was performed on the data. However faecal grain loss was still high (digestibility coefficient of starch < 0.85) for all diets and animal categories. Urea effectively preserved WCB of 675g DM /kg, the resulting material being readily consumed. It is concluded that WCB harvesting with subsequent chemical treatment, and feeding to cattle cannot be justified because of the high faecal grain loss which occurs at productive levels of intake, but the possibility does exist for inclusion in complete diets for sheep.

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8

Griffiths, Martyn Wynne. "Effects of late-season foliar applications of sulphur, and their interactions with nitrogen, on wheat yield and quality." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330296.

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9

Kenwright, Penelope Anne. "Breeding the Andean grain crop Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) for cultivation in Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306454.

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10

Stephen, Bruce G. "Crop response models for intensive cereal management applied to barley and wheat in Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56800.

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This thesis presents an investigation of two production functions (a non-linear-in-parameters and a generalized polynomial) in order to determine which function most appropriately represents the observed relationships of the components of ICM technology. Four spring barley and one spring wheat datasets were assembled from ICM field trials conducted in the Montreal region (1987-89).
A quadratic and a Mitscherlich-Baule equation were fitted to the (five) datasets and compared with respect to a number of measures of goodness of fit. One dataset was chosen for generating and graphing a three-dimensional response surface, based on the fitted equations of that dataset. The two surfaces were compared in light of expectations regarding the two equations.
The fitted equations of three of the five datasets did not produce noteworthy results. The other two datasets provided mixed results. The response surfaces provided outcomes that were contrary to prior expectations. In general graphing the response surfaces offered limited additional insight. Ultimately, this project may have been hampered by the experimental design of the field trials, those designs being oriented to results of agronomic rather than economic significance.

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11

Ivanova, Nataliya. "Socioeconomic implications of cereal crop production in inland Thrace during the Late Iron Age." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664291.

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This thesis explores the operation sequences of the production, processing, and storage of cereal crops in inland Thrace during the second half of the first millennium BC. This period saw the rise of tribal states and the appearance of urban centres in the Thracian hinterland with important trading links with Classical Greece and the Hellenistic world. By combining archaeological data with archaeobotanical and ethnographic studies as well as the available documentary and iconographic sources, the research addresses questions regarding access and ownership of arable land, the intended purpose of agricultural produce as well as tradition and novelty in the agricultural methods and tools. The presentation of the geographical characteristics of the region demonstrates its favourable conditions for agriculture, while the palynological data suggest that woodland clearance for arable and pasture land increased during the second half of the first millennium BC. The available archaeobotanical studies reveal the variety of species cultivated by the local Thracian population and demonstrate the primary position of cereal food in the diet. A major change in the preferred cereal species has been attested during the Late Iron Age with bread/durum wheat being predominant as opposed to einkorn and emmer. The investigation of agricultural tools and structures connected to cereal crop production, storage, and processing reveals not only the tradition in the employed implements but also the adoption of advanced techniques by the local Thracian communities. While the discovery of agricultural implements at the major urban sites, which are better excavated and provide more secure dating, is of great significance, our knowledge about the Thracian countryside is still very limited. The deposition of farming tools at cult sites - peak sanctuaries and pit complexes - sheds light on the importance of agriculture in the practised rituals. Ethnographic parallels as well as the available iconographic sources and literary references assist in the reconstruction of past farming practices and implements. The comprehensive analysis of the different stages involved in cereal crop production contributes to our understanding of the economic choices and social complexity of Thracian society.

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12

Wade, Ruth N. "The effect of simulated precipitation change on multi-trophic interactions in a cereal crop." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11378/.

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Climate models predict a 40% reduction in UK summer precipitation by 2080, together with increases in the frequency of drought and heavy rainfall events. These changes will have serious implications for UK agriculture as crop growth and yield as well as insect herbivores and their natural enemies will be affected by changes in soil moisture at a time when there is pressure to reduce inputs of chemical pesticides. To date, research has focused on the effect of continuous periods of drought on crop production, not considering the effect of changes in the frequency of rainfall events on plant growth and interactions between insect herbivores and their natural enemies in cereal ecosystems. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of changes in the quantity and frequency of precipitation events on multi-trophic interactions in a barley ecosystem. A 40% reduction in mean precipitation significantly reduced barley growth, yield, and changed plant chemical composition, whereas reductions in the frequency of precipitation events alleviated some of the negative effects of drought on barley plant growth, suggesting that changes in the quantity of rainfall may have larger negative effects on barley yield than changes in extreme rainfall events. Under future changes in precipitation patterns, below-ground insect herbivores, specifically wireworms, were found to have a smaller effect on plant biomass compared to under ambient watering regimes. In contrast, above-ground aphids increased in mass when feeding on plants grown under future precipitation patterns. Wireworm herbivory reduced the number of above-ground aphids on young barley plants but this interaction was removed under future precipitation patterns. These effects were evident in the third trophic level: Harlequin ladybirds increased in mass when feeding on aphids collected from plants subjected to future precipitation patterns. This thesis provides the first experimental evidence that future reductions in mean precipitation and rainfall events can significantly affect multi-trophic interactions in a cereal ecosystem, with consequences for the abundance of pests and invasive species.

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13

Al-shallash, Khalid S. "Studies on the biology and control of weedy species of Lolium (annual rye-grasses)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261517.

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Ramlan, Mohd Fauzi. "Environment and the host-parasite interactions between striga hermonthica and sorghum." Thesis, University of York, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385340.

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15

Garcia, Willy Ivan Anzaldo. "Analysis of a mixed cereal of legumes that processes similar nutritional characteristics to a cereal product of local consumption and its economic feasibility." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2001. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5368.

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In this analysis, we plan on developing vegetable mixes with high nutritional qualities and instant fuel consumption. These are to be used as a nutritional supplement in the feeding of children from 6 months of age. Initially, I selected the raw material, due to its high protein content and low cost (soy, tarhui, Cuban corn, rice, wheat, barley). They formed mixes with nutritional characteristics similar to the control for reference (15.5% of protein, 419 kcal of energy). From these formulas, different tests of completed production of mixtures, going so far as to obtain eight mixes with good nutritional and organoleptic characteristics. The eight mixes and the control for reference were subjected to sensory analysis tests (sensory quality test and acceptability and preference test), Of these mixes, 4 were selected (WA1, WA2, WA5 and the control for reference WA7) such as finished women mixtures. The same groups were subjected to a bromatologic analysis and biological tests with animals from the laboratory. Finally, the study of industrial viability of a small processing plant of instant vegetable mixtures was conducted.

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16

Gilbert, J. "The population dynamics of field pansy (Viola arvensis) and red deadnettle (Lamium purpureum) in winter cereal and oilseed rape fields." Thesis, Keele University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382899.

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17

Hammen, Volker Carsten [Verfasser], Frank [Gutachter] Ellmer, Hans Jürgen [Gutachter] Hellebrand, and Jürgen [Gutachter] Hahn. "On-line sensing of cereal crop biomass / Volker Carsten Hammen ; Gutachter: Frank Ellmer, Hans Jürgen Hellebrand, Jürgen Hahn." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2001. http://d-nb.info/1207657816/34.

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18

Smith, Luke B. "Overseeding annual ryegrass and cereal rye into soybean for winter forage and as a cover crop for weed control and soil conservation." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4312.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 14, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.

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19

Odhiambo, Jude Julius Owuor. "Effect of cereal/grass and legume cover crop monocultures and mixtures on the performance of fall-planted cover crops, soil mineral nitrogen and short-term nitrogen availability." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34601.pdf.

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20

Brunt, Douglas P. (Douglas Paul) Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "The sensitivity of cereal crop productivity to a C02-induced climatic change; a case study in the Mackenzie Basin, Canada." Ottawa, 1995.

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21

Overmyer, Keeley. "Impact of Cereal Rye and Oat Cover Crop Planting and Termination Date on Disease, Insects, and Yield in Continuous Soybean Systems." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587667492954199.

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22

Mangnall, Michael John. "The demography of the Egyptian Goose, its impacts on cereal crop agriculture on the Agulhas Plain, Western Cape, South Africa and the measures to mitigate damage to crops by geese." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11408.

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Bibliography: leaves 93-102.
Many southern African crop farmers regard the Eyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) as a widespread and major agricultural pest. Cereal crop farmers on the Agulhas Plain in the Western Cape province of South Africa are concerned that populations of Egyptian Geese have increased since the early 1990s, and are causing serious damage to their crops.

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23

Schlegel, Ethan R. "Evaluation of ammoniated wheat straw in receiving and growing diets." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18871.

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Master of Science
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
Dale A. Blasi
Drought conditions in the past have created a shortage of prairie hay and other grass hays that are used as roughage sources for receiving and growing beef diets. Historically, wheat straw and other cereal crop residue has been discounted as a feedstuff due to its low nutrient content. Chemical methods, including ammonia application, can improve the feeding value of cereal crop residue while constraining costs. While there are studies that show the efficacy of utilizing ammoniated wheat straw in beef cow and maintenance diets, limited data are available characterizing the feeding value of ammoniated wheat straw in receiving and growing diets. The objective of these two studies were to evaluate cattle growth and diet digestibility for receiving and growing diets containing either wheat straw (STRW), anhydrous ammonia treated wheat straw (AMMN), or a prairie hay and alfalfa blend (CONT) at 30% inclusion. Exp. 1 utilized 288 crossbred steers (271 kg) randomized to 8 pens per treatment and fed their respective test diets for 56 d and a common diet for 14 d to equalize gastrointestinal tract fill. No effect of straw ammoniation was observed on final bodyweight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), or gain to feed (G:F) (P > 0.31). The 56-d BW, ADG, and G:F for CONT were significantly different from both STRW and AMMN (P < 0.001). Exp. 2 utilized 6 ruminally fistulated Holstein heifers (288 kg) in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. There were no observed differences between AMMN and STRW in dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), or ADF intake (P > 0.57) although CONT differed significantly from both straw treatments in DM, OM, and ADF intake (P < 0.05). Digestibility of DM, OM, and ADF were not different between AMMN and STRW (P > 0.43), where as CONT and STRW were different (P < 0.05). Anhydrous ammonia treatment of wheat straw had no effect on ruminal VFA concentration (P > 0.32). Ruminal pH was not affected by anhydrous ammonia application (P = 0.32), but STRW and CONT were different (P < 0.05). Fluid passage rate was not different among the three treatments (P = 0.33). Wheat straw is a suitable replacement for ammoniated wheat straw at 30% inclusion in receiving and growing diets that contain 40% of dietary DM as wet corn gluten feed. Further research is necessary to determine the effect of varying levels of wheat straw and ammoniated wheat straw in conjunction with wet corn gluten feed and other by-product feeds in receiving and growing diets in order to capitalize on performance and efficiency gains while constraining costs.

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24

Thapa, Shyam. "Optimization of Parameters for the Densification (Pelletization) of Cereal Crop Residues and Feasibility Study of Pellet Plant Development in the State of Arkansas from Economic Perspective." Thesis, Arkansas State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10640883.

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Conventional cereal crop residues, namely, rice ( Oryza sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is very abundant and readily available widely. It has been a nuisance to agronomic producers to manage these immense “so-called wastes”. The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) promulgated by the United States and The EU’s renewable energy directive mandated the substantial incorporation of renewable energy in their final energy consumption. These led to the increase in R&D’s on biomass and bioenergy products in the United States as well.

Hammer mill grinds of different cereal crop residues, rice, wheat, and corn, sieved through 5"/64 , 1"/8 , and 5"/32 hammer mill screen sizes (details in chapter 3) are mixed with different binders namely gelatin, wheat gluten, and dry milk at 1:10, 1:15, and 1:20 proportions (Chapter 4). Applying Taguchi-Grey relational analysis for four factors with three levels each, optimal operating level for the control factors based on multi-response characteristics was determined. The multi-responses used for the study are bulk density, durability, compressive strength, and gross heating values. Binder ratio was most influential in determining pellet quality. Binder type was next influential factor. The combination of factor levels A₁B₁C₃D₁ was found to be optimal conditions for pelletization as final results were confirmed with tests.

The pelletization parameters for making better quality composite pellets were also investigated (in Chapter V). The same Taguchi –Grey relational analysis method was used for optimization. The process (material variables) parameters those are material type, particle size or grind size, binder type, and proportion of binder were closely studied using L9 Taguchi orthogonal array. Binder ratio (blending ratio) has most significant impact, and particle size (Hammer mill grind) has second greatest impact on pelleting composite wastes. Tests conducted employing optimal conditions (A3B3C2D1) has confirmed that better pellets were produced compared with the hypothesized conditions.

The cost analysis using Invest for excel was carried out in order to study the feasibility of solid biofuel project. The biomass assessment using Biopower Atlas and associated GIS tools from NREL demonstrated that the State of Arkansas has agricultural residues sufficient to support 50 kilotons and 66 kilotons biomass pellet plant. Economy of scale effect can be observed when comparing 50 kilotons and 66 kilotons pellet mill. Gelatin-wheat pellet mill at 50 kiloton and even 66 kilotons were predicted to be unprofitable at the current stage. However, analysis results showed pellet produced from pine shavings – wheat residue blends is profitable. Crop residues are promising resources due to its wide distribution and availability. It can be termed as a “Backstop resource” because it is renewable and will be economically viable option as the price of oil and gas become expensive.

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Sherman, Austin. "INTEGRATING COVER CROPS AND HERBICIDES FOR HORSEWEED [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.] MANAGEMENT PRIOR TO SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/121.

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Horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.) is prevalent in Kentucky and can be difficult to control. Research has shown multiple weed control methods to be more sustainable than relying on chemical control alone, so the use of multiple methods for horseweed management was examined in this study. The main objective was to determine best practice(s) to reduce horseweed prior to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Treatments included: fall-planted cover crop [CC; cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) or none], fall-applied herbicide (saflufenacil or none), and spring-applied herbicides (dicamba, 2,4-D ester, or none). We hypothesized horseweed densities would be reduced the most where all factors were combined. Saflufenacil suppressed horseweed densities from application through March, when densities increased due to a lack of competition from other winter weeds. Spring herbicides decreased horseweed densities until soybeans reached V1 in 2017, but in 2018 lost efficacy after CC termination. CC alone resulted in the longest horseweed suppression. The combination of spring herbicides and CC usually reduced horseweed densities to near zero between the CC termination and soybean planting. However, some low densities seen soon after soybean planting could be problematic. Further research must be conducted to determine the best integrated horseweed management system until soybean canopy closure.

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Bisnieks, Maris. "Barley yellow dwarf epidemiology /." Uppsala : Dept. of Entomology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200675.pdf.

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Brooks, Ashley Meredith. "Allelopathy in Rye (Secale cereale)." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10242008-090411/.

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Allelopathy is an ecological phenomenon in which chemicals produced by and released from a plant affect the germination or growth of another plant. A possible exploitation of allelopathy is the use of allelopathic cover crops for weed management. Organic farming systems can utilize allelopathy as an alternative to synthetic herbicides and conventional farming can reduce reliance upon pre-emergence herbicides. Rye (Secale cereale) is a cover crop species known to be allelopathic to many weeds. In addition to allelopathic activity, rye is a successful cover crop because of prolific biomass, high germinability and winter hardiness. The objective of this research was to investigate the potential to develop a rye cultivar with increased allelopathy through a conventional breeding approach. A population of 150 half-sib families of rye was grown in two North Carolina locations. Above ground tissue was utilized to assess rye allelopathic activity. To assess allelopathy in the population, we aimed to develop a greenhouse bioassay which utilized a rye incorporated soil media and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) as the indicator species. It is necessary to identify a screening protocol to quantify variation in allelopathic activity and to identify high performing lines. The greenhouse bioassay was fast, inexpensive and able to screen the large number of genotypes in the rye population. Results of redroot pigweed fresh weight biomass were reproducible and were utilized to estimate genetic parameters for allelopathy in the rye population. Estimates of genetic variation, genotype x environment interaction and narrow sense heritability help plant breeders develop an appropriate breeding program for the trait of interest. The estimates also give an idea of the rapidity at which progress can be made with selection. Genetic variation for rye allelopathy was not significant across locations but was significant within each location. Redroot pigweed fresh weight biomass was normally distributed indicating that allelopathy in rye is a quantitative trait. Heritability estimates were low on a per-plot basis and moderately low on an entry mean basis. A petri dish bioassay was also utilized to estimate genetic parameters for allelopathy in rye. Redroot pigweed germination and root length measures were utilized to quantify allelopathic activity. Genetic variation was not significant across locations for germination or root length. Analysis of variance within each location detected variation among the genotypes grown at the Kinston location but not at the Clayton location. Measures of redroot pigweed germination and root length were normally distributed. Heritability estimates were low on a per-plot basis and on an entry mean basis. This study demonstrates that allelopathy in rye is under genetic control and that it is a quantitative trait. Results suggest that a conventional breeding approach may be used for the development of a highly allelopathic rye cultivar.

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Ross, Alastair Benjamin. "Alkylresorcinols in cereal grains : occurrence, absorption, and possible use as biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake /." Uppsala : Dept. of Food Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a417.pdf.

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Menezes, Eduardo Assis. "Agronomic characteristics of intercropped legume and cereal crops." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184323.

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Research was conducted in the summers of 1985 and 1986 at the University of Arizona Marana Agricultural Center, with the objectives of (1) determining the best intercropping species combination under near optimum irrigation, using three cereals (sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), maize (Zea mays), and pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) and three legumes (field bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and soybean (Glycine max) in all combinations, and (2) identifying species genotypes best adapted to intercropping. Results from 1985 determined sorghum x soybean as the most appropriate intercropping combination for the environment of the Marana Agricultural Center. In the 1986 cropping season, three sorghum genotypes (Pioneer 8493, Funks G-522DR, and California IO80H40) were combined with three soybean genotypes (Asgrow A6242, Asgrow A6520, and Rillito), to identify the best genotype combination for intercropping. Both 1985 and 1986 experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Pearl millet was the cereal with the greatest decrease in yield when intercropped, indicating that this cereal was not a good competitor with legumes. Sorghum was the best cereal competitor with the legumes and soybean was the best legume competitor with the cereals. Among the three sorghum genotypes studied in 1986, only Pioneer 8493 showed higher yield in monocrop whereas the other two genotypes yielded higher in intercropping, indicating some benefit from this system. On the average, all three sorghum genotypes showed intercropping to be advantageous, with high Land Equivalent Ratio values. Soybean genotypes showed drastic decreases in yield when intercropped. Asgrow A6520 soybean had the highest yield in intercropping. Sorghum #3 (California IO80H40) and soybean #3 (Rillito) were chosen as the most appropriate genotypes for intercropping, for the environmental conditions of the study.

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Menezes, Eduardo, and Robert Voigt. "Intercropping Studies with Different Cereal and Legume Crops." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200576.

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An intercropping study was carried out with three legumes (field beans, cowpeas, and soybeans) and three cereals (sorghum, corn, and pearl millet) in all combinations to define the most appropriate intercropping under near optimum irrigation. The sorghum x soybean intercropping was chosen as the most appropriate for the environment.

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Grundy, Andrea Caroline. "The implications of extensification for crop weed interactions in cereals." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239050.

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32

Khan, Sartaj. "The potential of cereal-legume mixtures as forage crops." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ak45.pdf.

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Chikuni, Marlene. "Strategies to broaden the genetic base of cereal crops." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501335.

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Broadening the genetic base of crops is an on-going process. This study examined allelic diversity in 52 maize landraces from 12 African countries to determine places of greater genetic diversity. Eight chloroplast loci generated 21 alleles which gave 42 haplotypes. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 70% of the variation was within accessions and 30% of the variability was partitioned among accessions within groups. A negative correlation obtained from Mantel test results indicated that the landraces shared similar alleles regardless of geographic distance and hence similar allelic frequencies which translated into the low allelic richness (1.33 alleles/locus) observed. Principal Component Analysis indicated that all haplotypes were subsets of South African maize accessions and in addition, the British were responsible for the spread of maize within Africa. An assessment of the CCA microsatellite repeat in the grain colour gene (yl) showed that the yellow accessions originated from the white accessions but there were no distinct geographic groupings. These results indicate that maize landraces from South Africa can enhance efforts to broaden the genetic base of maize varieties in Africa. The second major goal of the study centered on investigating spontaneous gene transfer in wheat double haploids. Three hundred and ninety two microsatellite markers were maize as an inducing parent. As expected, most of the markers (95.9%) gave positive amplification in maize. Significantly, no markers amplified any maize specific products in the DH wheat varieties suggesting that there was no or if any, negligible introgression of maize DNA into DH wheat varieties. Results from this study suggest that interspecific crosses may not be a viable option for targeted introduction of alien germplasm into improvement programmes of wheat and other crops.

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Flint, C. E. "Chemical regulation of crop growth and water use in winter cereals." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334018.

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Bozorgipour, Reza. "The use of in vitro techniques for crop improvement in cereals." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333244.

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36

Adhanom, Teferi Micael. "Variation in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from Eritrea." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295049.

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37

Lewis, David W. "Estimation of population densities of carabid beetles in cereal crops." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34131.

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A model is presented which aims to predict population densities of carabid beetles from pitfall-trap data. This is not normally possible because of interspecific differences in activity patterns, resulting in differences in the rate at which individuals of different species encounter traps. Experiments carried out both in the laboratory and in the field on 10 species of Carabidae reveal that another factor, the rate of avoidance of traps following encounters, also differs interspecifically and should be taken into account before any predictions of abundance using pitfall-trap data are attempted. Data on the activity patterns of 5 of these species is used to simulate movement of individual beetles on a hypothetical grid of pitfall traps in the memory of a computer. Activity is simulated for a number of different durations and the proportion of individuals of each species encountering traps is determined for each duration. This parameter is regarded, for each species at each duration, as an estimate of the probability of an individual encountering a trap in the field. This parameter is combined with the avoidance rate to modify pitfall- trap data collected over an equivalent period. This gives a modified estimate (corrected for activity and avoidance) of the relative abundance of species in pitfall traps. This relative abundance is compared interspecifically with absolute abundance estimates from the field to determine the accuracy of the model. A discussion of the assumptions accompanying the model is followed by suggestions for further refinements so that it might be used in the future to predict the absolute abundance of carabids which are natural enemies of agricultural pests such as aphids.

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38

Asebedo, Antonio Ray. "Development of sensor-based nitrogen recommendation algorithms for cereal crops." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19229.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Agronomy
David B. Mengel
Nitrogen (N) management is one of the most recognizable components of farming both within and outside the world of agriculture. Interest over the past decade has greatly increased in improving N management systems in corn (Zea mays) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) to have high NUE, high yield, and be environmentally sustainable. Nine winter wheat experiments were conducted across seven locations from 2011 through 2013. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impacts of fall-winter, Feekes 4, Feekes 7, and Feekes 9 N applications on winter wheat grain yield, grain protein, and total grain N uptake. Nitrogen treatments were applied as single or split applications in the fall-winter, and top-dressed in the spring at Feekes 4, Feekes 7, and Feekes 9 with applied N rates ranging from 0 to 134 kg ha[superscript]-1. Results indicate that Feekes 7 and 9 N applications provide more optimal combinations of grain yield, grain protein levels, and fertilizer N recovered in the grain when compared to comparable rates of N applied in the fall-winter or at Feekes 4. Winter wheat N management studies from 2006 through 2013 were utilized to develop sensor-based N recommendation algorithms for winter wheat in Kansas. Algorithm RosieKat v.2.6 was designed for multiple N application strategies and utilized N reference strips for establishing N response potential. Algorithm NRS v1.5 addressed single top-dress N applications and does not require a N reference strip. In 2013, field validations of both algorithms were conducted at eight locations across Kansas. Results show algorithm RK v2.6 consistently provided highly efficient N recommendations for improving NUE, while achieving high grain yield and grain protein. Without the use of the N reference strip, NRS v1.5 performed statistically equal to the KSU soil test N recommendation in regards to grain yield but with lower applied N rates. Six corn N fertigation experiments were conducted at KSU irrigated experiment fields from 2012 through 2014 to evaluate the previously developed KSU sensor-based N recommendation algorithm in corn N fertigation systems. Results indicate that the current KSU corn algorithm was effective at achieving high yields, but has the tendency to overestimate N requirements. To optimize sensor-based N recommendations for N fertigation systems, algorithms must be specifically designed for these systems to take advantage of their full capabilities, thus allowing implementation of high NUE N management systems.

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39

Wood, Gavin Adam. "Remote sensing methods for the site-specific management of cereal." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269522.

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40

Plénet, Daniel. "Fonctionnement des cultures de maïs sous contrainte azotée : détermination et application d'un indice de nutrition." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_PLENET_D.pdf.

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Nos objectifs sont de déterminer la demande en azote des cultures de maïs et d'analyser l'impact de la contrainte azotée sur leur fonctionnement. Pour comparer différentes doses d'azote et le fractionnement des apports, nous avons étudié les cinétiques de croissance des cultures irriguées pendant 4 années dans le sud-ouest de la France. Nous avons déterminé une relation allométrique critique entre la teneur en azote et la biomasse aérienne accumulée pour diagnostiquer le statut azote du maïs. Nous définissons un indice de nutrition azotée (INN) pour étudier les effets des traitements azotés. Il est comparé à des techniques rapides de diagnostic comme le diagnostic foliaire ou un test nitrate plante. Un modèle de croissance potentielle est déterminé à partir de nos résultats. Il décompose les processus de production en 3 grandes fonctions: installation du couvert foliaire, absorption et conversion du rayonnement solaire en biomasse, répartition des assimilats dans les racines et les épis. Il permet de simuler la croissance et de caractériser les indicateurs de fonctionnement dans leur état potentiel en fonction des températures et du rayonnement solaire. En utilisant INN, nous avons quantifié les effets de la contrainte azotée sur les principales variables du modèle de croissance et sur les composantes du rendement. En 1991, des cinétiques d'utilisation des engrais marqués (15N) sont comparées pour analyser les effets du fractionnement et des doses d'azote. Nous proposons une modélisation de la demande critique en azote du peuplement et des transferts dans la plante. Des simulations de la croissance potentielle et de la demande en azote des cultures de maïs, en fonction d'études climatiques fréquentielles, permettront d'améliorer les recommandations de la fertilisation azotée pour préserver la qualité de l'environnement

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41

Pinch, Catherine. "Sub-lethal effects of pesticides in beneficial arthropods in cereal crops." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404739.

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42

Delft, Gert-Jan van. "Root architecture in relation to avoidance of Striga hermonthica infection." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297312.

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43

Kennedy, Peter John. "The effects of molluscicides on the abundance and distribution of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and other invertebrates." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481794.

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44

Bergkvist, Göran. "Perennial clovers and ryegrasses as understorey crops in cereals /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Crop Production Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a414.pdf.

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45

Alford, James. "Optimising insecticide spray placement in cereal crops by minimising beneficial arthropod exposure." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395888.

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46

Wang, Xuhui. "Impacts of climate change and agricultural managements on major global cereal crops." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066625/document.

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Les terres cultivées représentent un cinquième de la surface émergée de la Terre. Elles fournissent des nutriments à l'homme, modifient le cycle biogéochimique et l'équilibre énergétique de la terre. L’évolution des terres cultivées dans le contexte du changement climatique et avec une intensification des actions anthropiques constitue un enjeu important pour la sécurité alimentaire et les exigences environnementales du développement durable. Le manuscrit de thèse s’inscrit dans cette thématique en exploitant les données de différentes sources et la modélisation numérique. Les données utilisées sont : les statistiques de rendements, les observations agro-météorologiques à long terme, les résultats des sites d’expérimentation avec du réchauffement, les jeux de données globales issus des processus de fusion ou d’assimilation, les données climatiques historiques et de projection future. La modélisation fait appel aux modèles statistiques et aux modèles de processus. Le manuscrit est composé d’une série de travaux de détection et d'attribution. Ils explorent la phénologie, le rendement et leurs réponses aux changements climatiques et aux pratiques de gestion. Ils sont soit sur l'échelle régionale soit sur l’échelle globale, en fonction de la disponibilité des données et de leur pertinence. Le chapitre 2 décrit la construction et l’utilisation d'un modèle statistique avec des données provinciales de rendement au Nord-est de Chine et des données climatiques historiques. Les résultats montrent un effet asymétrique de la température diurne sur le rendement du maïs. Le rendement du maïs augmente de 10.0±7.7% en réponse à une augmentation moyenne de 1oC pendant la saison de croissance quand il s’agit de la température minimale de nuit (Tmin), mais le rendement diminue de 13,4±7,1% quand il s’agit de la température maximale de jour (Tmax). Il y a une grande disparité spatiale pour la réponse à Tmax, ce qui peut s'expliquer partiellement par le fort gradient spatial de la température pendant la saison de croissance (R = -0,67, P <0,01). La réponse du rendement aux précipitations dépend aussi des conditions d'humidité. Malgré la détection d'impacts significatifs du changement climatique sur le rendement, une part importante de ses variations n’est pas expliquée par les variables climatiques, ce qui souligne le besoin urgent de pouvoir attribuer proprement les variations de rendement au changement climatique et aux pratiques de gestion. Le chapitre 3 présente le développement d’un algorithme d'optimisation basé sur la théorie de Bayes pour optimiser les paramètres importants contrôlant la phénologie dans le modèle ORCHIDEE-crop. L’utilisation du modèle optimisé permet de distinguer les effets de la gestion de ceux du changement climatique sur la période de croissance du riz (LGP). Les résultats du modèle optimisé ORCHIDEE-crop suggèrent que le changement climatique affecte la LGP différemment en fonction des types du riz. Le facteur climatique a fait raccourcir la LGP du riz précoce (-2,0±5,0 jour / décennie), allonger la LGP du riz tardif (1,1±5,4 jour / décennie). Il a peu d'effet sur la LGP du riz unique (-0,4±5,4 jour / décennie). Les résultats du modèle ORCHIDEE-crop montrent aussi que les changements intervenus dans la date de transplantation ont provoqué un changement généralisé de la LGP, mais seulement pour les sites de riz précoce. Ceci compense à la hauteur de 65% le raccourcissement de la LGP provoquée par le changement climatique. Le facteur dominant du changement LGP varie suivant les trois types de riz. La gestion est le principal facteur pour les riz précoce et unique. Ce chapitre démontre aussi qu'un modèle optimisé peut avoir une excellente capacité à représenter des variations régionales complexes de LGP
Croplands accounts for one-fifth of global land surface, providing calories for human beings and altering the global biogeochemical cycle and land surface energy balance. The response of croplands to climate change and intensifying human managements is of critical importance to food security and sustainability of the environment. The present manuscript of thesis utilizes various types of data sources (yield statistics, long-term agrometeorological observations, field warming experiments, data-driven global datasets, gridded historical climate dataset and projected climate change) and also modelling approaches (statistical model vs. process model). It presents a series of detection and attribution studies exploring how crop phenology and crop yield respond to climate change and some management practices at regional and global scales, according to data availability. In Chapter 2, a statistical model is constructed with prefecture-level yield statistics and historical climate observations over Northeast China. There are asymmetrical impacts of daytime and nighttime temperatures on maize yield. Maize yield increased by 10.0±7.7% in response to a 1 oC increase of daily minimum temperature (Tmin) averaged in the growing season, but decreased by 13.4±7.1% in response to a 1 oC warming of daily maximum temperature (Tmax). There is a large spatial variation in the yield response to Tmax, which can be partly explained by the spatial gradient of growing season mean temperature (R=-0.67, P<0.01). The response of yield to precipitation is also dependent on moisture conditions. In spite of detection of significant impacts of climate change on yield variations, a large portion of the variations is not explained by climatic variables, highlighting the urgent research need to clearly attribute crop yield variations to change in climate and management practices. Chapter 3 presents the development of a Bayes-based optimization algorithm that is used to optimize key parameters controlling phenological development in ORCHIDEE-crop model for discriminating effects of managements from those of climate change on rice growth duration (LGP). The results from the optimized ORCHIDEE-crop model suggest that climate change has an effect on LGP trends, but with dependency on rice types. Climate trends have shortened LGP of early rice (-2.0±5.0 day/decade), lengthened LGP of late rice (1.1±5.4 day/decade) and have little impacts on LGP of single rice (-0.4±5.4 day/decade). ORCHIDEE-crop simulations further show that change in transplanting date caused widespread LGP change only for early rice sites, offsetting 65% of climate-change-induced LGP shortening. The primary drivers of LGP change are thus different among the three types of rice. Management is predominant driver of LGP change for early and single rice. This chapter demonstrated the capability of the optimized crop model to represent complex regional variations of LGP. Future studies should better document observational errors and management practices in order to reduce large uncertainties that exist in attribution of LGP change and to facilitate further data-model integration. In Chapter 4, a harmonized data set of field warming experiments at 48 sites across the globe for the four most-widely-grown crops (wheat, maize, rice and soybean) is combined with an ensemble of gridded global crop models to produce emergent constrained estimates of the responses of crop yield to changes in temperature (ST). The new constraining framework integrates evidences from field warming experiments and global crop modeling shows with >95% probability that warmer temperatures would reduce yields for maize (-7.1±2.8% K-1), rice (-5.6±2.0% K-1) and soybean (-10.6±5.8% K-1). For wheat, ST was less negative and only 89% likely to be negative (-2.9±2.3% K-1). The field-observation based constraints from the results of the warming experiments reduced uncertainties associated with modeled ST by 12-54% for the four crops

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Morris, Nathan. "The establishment of arable crops in UK cereal stubbles using strip tillage." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486352.

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Recent advances in crop establishment techniques have led to the introduction of conservation tillage systems that enables a reduction in the number of field operations and associated costs whilst maintaining or increasing financial margins. A recent development in conservation tillage systems in the United States was the adoption of strip tillage that was defined as the disturbance of less than one-third of a total field by cultivation. The aim of strip tillage is to produce a narrow, residue free, cultivated zone that is suitable for drilling crops into whilst leaving a significant area uncultivated that maintains crop residue on the soil surface with benefits both to soil stability and biodiversity. This study reported in this thesis focuses on the use ofa strip tillage implement to establish Brassica napus and Beta vulgaris in two soil types found in the United Kingdom. Crop residue has been reported to reduce crop emergence and this study found a reduction in percentage emergence by up to 40% when straw was mixed into the top 5 cm of soil or when straw and seed was placed on the soil surface. The strip tillage unit using a tine and disc combination operating in a range of light soil types gave disturbance patterns that were independent of forward speed in the range of 6.0 to 12.0 km/h but tine penetration was often limited. The star wheel was found to remove up to 80% of straw residue from within row. Using strip tillage was found to create a tilth either similar to, or finer than, plough tillage but initially gave poorer emergence and growth. Overall performance of using strip tillage to establish Brassica napus and Beta vulgaris was found to be equivalent to a conventional plough tillage system resulting in no penalties to crop yield or quality.

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48

Sewell, Andrew J. "Multirole power units in cereal harvesting : an economic case for adoption." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295107.

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49

Al-Allagi, Musa. "Integrated weed management in spring cereals : the contribution of crop genotype and seed quality." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553091.

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Research was conducted at Reading University over three growing seasons into alternatives to herbicides m spnng cereals by identifying traits that enhance crop competitive ability and exammmg the role of seed quality in Integrated Weed Management (IWM~. Nine spring wheat genotypes, spring Barley, spring Triticale and a mixture of spring wheat genotypes Paragon and Belvoir were monitored for their competitive ability in three weed treatments, i.e. weed free and with model weeds Sinapis alba L. or Avena sativa L. The ranking of competitive ability (CA) was estimated from both crop tolerances to weed pressure (i.e. a low crop grain yield loss - CYL) and weed suppression. Genotypic differences in CA were repeatable, with CYL of 28%, 39% and 28-75% for barley, triticale and wheat in 2003, respectively. Barley also suppressed weed biomass by 59% more than wheat. Among wheats, Axona consistently maintained higher yields (10% CYL in 2002 and 46% in 2003). Paragon suppressed weeds by 63% in 2002 and 50% in 2003 whereas cv. Status was a poor competitor. The wheat mixture reduced CYL but had no significant effect on weed suppression. An important observation for variety trials was that the ranking for grain yields in weed free plots was inconsistent with those with weeds. Competitive genotypes tended to be taller and have rapid early growth at GS 15 giving early ground cover, a higher absolute growth rate at GSI5, a shorter mean time to emergence and higher early leave area. On seed quality and its interactions with agronomic practices such as seeding rate and sowing date, doubling seed rate improved crop competitiveness if the crop was sown at the same time as weeds rather than a week later. When a vigorous seed lot was used, higher number of seedlings, ground cover, harvest index and number of fertile tillers per m2 and lower mean time to emergence contributed to its higher crop grain yield. High vigour seeds suppressed total weed biomass up to 89,-43 and 63% in three experiments, the suppression varying between individual weed species. For example, when natural weed infestations were present, high vigour seeds suppressed Convolvulus arvensis L. by 52.5% and Solanum nigrum L. by 95.5%. One particular feature of this thesis was an attempt to understand why high vigour seeds are more competitive. The results indicated that more than 75% of the variations in grain yield and 81 % of the variation in weed dry mutter suppression can be accounted for due to achieving more rapid emergence than the weeds.

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Jenkinson, Peter. "Epidemiology of Fusarium in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386201.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cereal crop'

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