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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cerebellar nuclei

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cerebellar nuclei'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cerebellar nuclei"

1

Yildiz, D., and M. E. Gultiken. "Vascularisation of the cerebellar nuclei in Akkaraman sheep." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 51, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.51.2003.4.1.

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This study reports an anatomical study of the vascular supply in 20 Akkaraman sheep cerebelli from adult subjects of both sexes. The origin and branching pattern of the cerebellar artery vascularising the cerebellar nuclei were studied by gross dissection and vascular injection. Then dissection was performed and vessels nourishing the cerebellar nuclei were documented. Four bilaterally symmetrical cerebellar nuclei were determined as nucleus lateralis cerebelli, nucleus interpositus lateralis cerebelli, and nucleus interpositus medialis cerebelli and nucleus fastigii from lateral to medial side. It has been previously confirmed that vascularisation of the cerebellar nuclei is carried out by intermediary branches of the rostral cerebellar artery and the caudal cerebellar artery. However, this study has confirmed that the caudal cerebellar artery has no contribution in the vascularisation of the cerebellar nuclei.

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Mitoma, Hiroshi, Shinji Kakei, Hirokazu Tanaka, and Mario Manto. "Morphological and Functional Principles Governing the Plasticity Reserve in the Cerebellum: The Cortico-Deep Cerebellar Nuclei Loop Model." Biology 12, no. 11 (November 16, 2023): 1435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12111435.

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Cerebellar reserve compensates for and restores functions lost through cerebellar damage. This is a fundamental property of cerebellar circuitry. Clinical studies suggest (1) the involvement of synaptic plasticity in the cerebellar cortex for functional compensation and restoration, and (2) that the integrity of the cerebellar reserve requires the survival and functioning of cerebellar nuclei. On the other hand, recent physiological studies have shown that the internal forward model, embedded within the cerebellum, controls motor accuracy in a predictive fashion, and that maintaining predictive control to achieve accurate motion ultimately promotes learning and compensatory processes. Furthermore, within the proposed framework of the Kalman filter, the current status is transformed into a predictive state in the cerebellar cortex (prediction step), whereas the predictive state and sensory feedback from the periphery are integrated into a filtered state at the cerebellar nuclei (filtering step). Based on the abovementioned clinical and physiological studies, we propose that the cerebellar reserve consists of two elementary mechanisms which are critical for cerebellar functions: the first is involved in updating predictions in the residual or affected cerebellar cortex, while the second acts by adjusting its updated forecasts with the current status in the cerebellar nuclei. Cerebellar cortical lesions would impair predictive behavior, whereas cerebellar nuclear lesions would impact on adjustments of neuronal commands. We postulate that the multiple forms of distributed plasticity at the cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei are the neuronal events which allow the cerebellar reserve to operate in vivo. This cortico-deep cerebellar nuclei loop model attributes two complementary functions as the underpinnings behind cerebellar reserve.

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3

Petrovic-Minic, Bosiljka, Jelena Mojsilovic-Petrovic, Soren Holm, Jesper Mogensen, and Ivan Divac. "Absence of transsynaptic transport in cerebello-thalamo-cortical path of the rat." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 54, no. 1 (March 31, 1994): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-1994-1000.

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Attempts to visualize the cerebello-thalamo-cortical path in the rat were made with different approaches. We tried (1) double labelling with somatopetal tracing from the motor cortex and somatofugal from the cerebellar nuclei, (2) transmembrane labelling by depositing biocytin or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)into the motor cortex or cerebellum. WGA was either iodinated with 125I or conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The double labelling technique showed an overlap of the tracers in the same thalamic region but no evidence of transsynaptic transport in either direction was obtained. Our results indicate a difference in the organization of this system in primates and rodents, since transsynaptic labelling in the cerebellar nuclei after injections of WGA-HRP conjugate in the monkey motor cortex has been found.

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Stasi, Kalliope, Adamantia Mitsacos, Lazaros C. Triarhou, and Elias D. Kouvelas. "Cerebellar Grafts Partially Reverse Amino Acid Receptor Changes Observed in the Cerebellum of Mice with Hereditary Ataxia: Quantitative Autoradiographic Studies." Cell Transplantation 6, no. 3 (May 1997): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979700600317.

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We used quantitative autoradiography of [3H]CNQX (200 nM), [3H]muscimol (13 nM), and [3H]flunitrazepam (10 nM) binding to study the distribution of non-NMDA and GABAA receptors in the cerebellum of pcd mutant mice with unilateral cerebellar grafts. Nonspecific binding was determined by incubation with 1 mM Glu, 200 μM GABA, or 1 μM clonazepam, respectively. Saturation parameters were defined in wild-type and mutant cerebella. In mutants, non-NMDA receptors were reduced by 38% in the molecular layer and by 47% in the granule cell layer. The reduction of non-NMDA receptors in the pcd cerebellar cortex supports their localization on Purkinje cells. [3H] CNQX binding sites were visualized at higher density in grafts that had migrated to the cerebellar cortex of the hosts (4.1 and 11.0 pmol/mg protein, respectively, at 23 and 37 days after grafting) than in grafts arrested intraparen-chymally (2.6 and 6.2 pmol/mg protein, respectively, at 23 and 37 days after grafting). The pattern of expression of non-NMDA receptors in cortical vs. parenchymal grafts suggests a possible regulation of their levels by transacting elements from host parallel fibers. GABAA binding levels in the grafts for both ligands used were similar to normal molecular layer. Binding was increased in the deep cerebellar nuclei of pcd mutants: the increase in [3H]muscimol binding over normal was 215% and the increase in [3H]flunitrazepam binding was 89%. Such increases in the pcd deep cerebellar nuclei may reflect a denervation-induced supersensitivity subsequent to the loss of Purkinje axon terminal innervation. In the deep nuclei of pcd mutants with unilateral cerebellar grafts, [3H]muscimol binding was 31% lower in the grafted side than in the contralateral nongrafted side at 37 days after transplantation; [3H]fluni-trazepam binding was also lower in the grafted side by 15% compared to the nongrafted side. Such changes in GABAA receptors suggest a significant, albeit partial, normalizing trend of cerebellar grafts on the state of postsynaptic supersensitive receptors in the host cerebellar nuclei.

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Monaco, Jessica, Lorenzo Rocchi, Francesca Ginatempo, Egidio D'Angelo, and John C. Rothwell. "Cerebellar Theta-Burst Stimulation Impairs Memory Consolidation in Eyeblink Classical Conditioning." Neural Plasticity 2018 (October 9, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6856475.

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Associative learning of sensorimotor contingences, as it occurs in eyeblink classical conditioning (EBCC), is known to involve the cerebellum, but its mechanism remains controversial. EBCC involves a sequence of learning processes which are thought to occur in the cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei. Recently, the extinction phase of EBCC has been shown to be modulated after one week by cerebellar continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS). Here, we asked whether cerebellar cTBS could affect retention and reacquisition of conditioned responses (CRs) tested immediately after conditioning. We also investigated a possible lateralized cerebellar control of EBCC by applying cTBS on both the right and left cerebellar hemispheres. Both right and left cerebellar cTBSs induced a statistically significant impairment in retention and new acquisition of conditioned responses (CRs), the disruption effect being marginally more effective when the left cerebellar hemisphere was stimulated. These data support a model in which cTBS impairs retention and reacquisition of CR in the cerebellum, possibly by interfering with the transfer of memory to the deep cerebellar nuclei.

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Alahmadi, Adnan A. S. "The Cerebellum’s Orchestra: Understanding the Functional Connectivity of Its Lobes and Deep Nuclei in Coordination and Integration of Brain Networks." Tomography 9, no. 2 (April 21, 2023): 883–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography9020072.

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The cerebellum, a crucial brain region, significantly contributes to various brain functions. Although it occupies a small portion of the brain, it houses nearly half of the neurons in the nervous system. Previously thought to be solely involved in motor activities, the cerebellum has since been found to play a role in cognitive, sensory, and associative functions. To further elucidate the intricate neurophysiological characteristics of the cerebellum, we investigated the functional connectivity of cerebellar lobules and deep nuclei with 8 major functional brain networks in 198 healthy subjects. Our findings revealed both similarities and differences in the functional connectivity of key cerebellar lobules and nuclei. Despite robust functional connectivity among these lobules, our results demonstrated that they exhibit heterogeneous functional integration with different functional networks. For instance, lobules 4, 5, 6, and 8 were linked to sensorimotor networks, while lobules 1, 2, and 7 were associated with higher-order, non-motor, and complex functional networks. Notably, our study uncovered a lack of functional connectivity in lobule 3, strong connections between lobules 4 and 5 with the default mode networks, and connections between lobules 6 and 8 with the salience, dorsal attention, and visual networks. Additionally, we found that cerebellar nuclei, particularly the dentate cerebellar nuclei, were connected to sensorimotor, salience, language, and default-mode networks. This study provides valuable insights into the diverse functional roles of the cerebellum in cognitive processing.

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Elnegiry, Ahmed, Hazem Hamoda, and Foad Farrag. "Histomorphological Study on the Cerebellum of the African Ostrich." Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 73, no. 2 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.33484.

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In this, we use six male African ostriches aging 10-13 months. Our findings revealed the morphometric and histological structure of the African ostrich cerebellum that controls the balance and locomotion of the largest, heaviest, and fastest flightless bird. The average length, width, perimeter, and surface area of ostrich cerebella were measured. The large-sized cerebellum of the ostrich provides the bird with proper control of locomotion and balance in addition to complex cognitive abilities. Histologically, we describe the histoarchitecture of the ostrich cerebellum with the distinct three layers, molecular layer, Purkinje, and granular layers. Purkinje cell Nissl granules and cell Processes were demonstrated using special stains. The complicated cerebellar circuity and the different information inputs to the cerebellum from the vestibular system, spinocerebellar tracts, and pontine nuclei were discussed. Pontine nuclei of the ventral pons which represent the main input of information to the cerebellum were also demonstrated.

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Draganova, Rossitza, Viktor Pfaffenrot, Katharina M. Steiner, Sophia L. Göricke, Naveen Elangovan, Dagmar Timmann, and Jürgen Konczak. "Neurostructural changes and declining sensorimotor function due to cerebellar cortical degeneration." Journal of Neurophysiology 125, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 1735–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00266.2020.

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NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Neurodegeneration of the cerebellum progresses over years and primarily affects cerebellar cortex. It leads to a progressive loss of control and coordination of movement. We here show that the neurodegenerative process not only leads to cells loss in cerebellar cortex but also induces neurostructural changes in the form of increased gray matter in the efferent targets of the cerebellar cortex, namely, the cerebellar output nuclei, the SMA, and premotor cortex.

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Pose-Méndez, Sol, Isabel Rodríguez-Moldes, Eva Candal, Sylvie Mazan, and Ramón Anadón. "A Developmental Study of the Cerebellar Nucleus in the Catshark, a Basal Gnathostome." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 89, no. 1 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000453654.

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The output of the cerebellar cortex is mainly released via cerebellar nuclei which vary in number and complexity among gnathostomes, extant vertebrates with a cerebellum. Cartilaginous fishes, a basal gnathostome lineage, show a conspicuous, well-organized cerebellar nucleus, unlike ray-finned fishes. To gain insight into the evolution and development of the cerebellar nucleus, we analyzed in the shark Scyliorhinus canicula (a chondrichthyan model species) the developmental expression of several genes coding for transcription factors (ScLhx5,ScLhx9,ScTbr1, and ScEn2) and the distribution of the protein calbindin, since all appear to be involved in cerebellar nuclei patterning in other gnathostomes. Three regions (subventricular, medial or central, and lateral or superficial) became recognizable in the cerebellar nucleus of this shark during development. Present genoarchitectonic and neurochemical data in embryos provide insight into the origin of the cerebellar nucleus in chondrichthyans and support a tripartite mediolateral organization of the cerebellar nucleus, as previously described in adult sharks. Furthermore, the expression pattern of ScLhx5,ScLhx9, and ScTbr1 in this shark, together with that of markers of proliferation, migration, and early differentiation of neurons, is compatible with the hypothesis that, as in mammals, different subsets of cerebellar nucleus neurons are originated from progenitors of 2 different sources: the ventricular zone of the cerebellar plate and the rhombic lip. We also present suggestive evidence that Lhx9 expression is involved in cerebellar nuclei patterning early on in gnathostome evolution, rather than representing an evolutionary innovation of the dentate nucleus in mammals, as previously hypothesized.

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10

Kornegay, J. N. "Cerebellar Vermian Hypoplasia in Dogs." Veterinary Pathology 23, no. 4 (July 1986): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588602300405.

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Six dogs with cerebellar dysplasia, in which the cerebellar vermis was hypoplastic, are described. Clinical signs in these dogs were noted around 2 weeks of age and included ataxia, dysmetria, and intention tremors. A variable portion of the caudal cerebellar vermis was absent in each dog; portions of the cerebellar hemispheres and flocculus also were absent in some of them. Neurons in certain brain stem nuclei that project to the cerebellum were either chromatolytic or vacuolated. Cerebellar vermian hypoplasia of dogs is analogous to the Dandy-Walker syndrome of human beings.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cerebellar nuclei"

1

Pickford, Jasmine. "Cholinergic modulation of the cerebellar nuclei." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.705457.

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2

Sun, Zong-Peng [Verfasser], and Hans-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Thier. "Cerebellar control of eye movements : from cerebellar cortex to cerebellar nuclei / Zong-Peng Sun ; Betreuer: Peter Thier." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1196701385/34.

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Sun, Zong-Peng Verfasser], and Hans-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Thier. "Cerebellar control of eye movements : from cerebellar cortex to cerebellar nuclei / Zong-Peng Sun ; Betreuer: Peter Thier." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1196701385/34.

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4

Husson, Zoé. "Glycinergic neurons and inhibitory transmission in the cerebellar nuclei." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066279/document.

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Le cervelet, composé d'un cortex et de noyaux, est responsable du contrôle moteur fin des mouvements et de la posture. En combinant une approche génétique (basée sur l'utilisation de lignées de souris transgéniques) avec des traçages anatomiques, des marquages immunohistochimiques et des expériences d'électrophysiologie et d'optogénétique, nous établissons les caractères distinctifs des neurones inhibiteurs des noyaux cérébelleux et en détaillons la connectivité ainsi que les fonctions dans le circuit cérébelleux. Les neurones inhibiteurs glycinergiques des noyaux profonds constituent une population de neurones distincts des autres types cellulaires identifiables par leur phénotype inhibiteur mixte GABAergique/glycinergique. Ces neurones se distinguent également par leur plexus axonal qui comporte une arborisation locale dans les noyaux cérébelleux où ils contactent les neurones principaux et une projection vers le cortex cérébelleux où ils contactent les cellules de Golgi. Ces neurones inhibiteurs reçoivent également des afférences inhibitrices des cellules de Purkinje et pourraient être contactés par les fibres moussues ou les fibres grimpantes.Nous apportons ainsi la première étude d'une transmission mixte fonctionnelle par les neurones inhibiteurs des noyaux cérébelleux, projetant à la fois dans les noyaux et le cortex cérébelleux. L'ensemble de nos données établissent les neurones inhibiteurs mixtes des noyaux cérébelleux comme la troisième composante cellulaire des noyaux profonds. Leur importance dans l'organisation modulaire du cervelet, ainsi que leur impact sur l'intégration sensori-motrice, devront être confirmés par des études optogénétiques in vivo
The cerebellum is composed of a three-layered cortex and of nuclei and is responsible for the learned fine control of posture and movements. I combined a genetic approach (based on the use of transgenic mouse lines) with anatomical tracings, immunohistochemical stainings, electrophysiological recordings and optogenetic stimulations to establish the distinctive characteristics of the inhibitory neurons of the cerebellar nuclei and to detail their connectivity and their role in the cerebellar circuitry.We showed that the glycinergic inhibitory neurons of the cerebellar nuclei constitute a distinct neuronal population and are characterized by their mixed inhibitory GABAergic/glycinergic phenotype. Those inhibitory neurons are also distinguished by their axonal plexus which includes a local arborization with the cerebellar nuclei where they contact principal output neurons and a projection to the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex where they end onto Golgi cells dendrites. Finally, the inhibitory neurons of the cerebellar nuclei receive inhibitory afferents from Purkinje cells and may be contacted by mossy fibers or climbing fibers.We provided the first evidence of functional mixed transmission in the cerebellar nuclei and the first demonstration of a mixed inhibitory nucleo-cortical projection. Overall, our data establish the inhibitory neurons as the third cellular component of the cerebellar nuclei. Their importance in the modular organization of the cerebellum and their impact on sensory-motor integration need to be confirmed by optogenetic experiments in vivo

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MONTAGNA, ILEANA. "Investigation of cerebellar nuclei neuronal plasticity and physiological connectivity in vivo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1301289.

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It is a general assumption that the cerebellum plays a pivotal role in learning and memory of sensory-motor information, although the mechanisms through which the cerebellum is able to process information are still largely unknown. Several studies both in in vivo and in in vitro conditions support the existence of synaptic and non-synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum not confined to the sole cerebellar cortex although less is known about plastic changes mechanisms at the level of deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Moreover, the discovery that alterations in cerebello-cortical interconnections are related to cognitive diseases such as schizophrenia and autism suggests a cerebellar role in cognition. Further evidence of cerebellar role in cognition comes tracing studies in humans and electrophysiological recordings in rodents in vivo. In this work, putative changes underlying DCN neurons capability to integrate sensory information were investigated by delivering a theta sensory stimulation pattern (TSS) at the level of the peri-oral area of urethane anesthetized mice while recording single-units activity in the Fastigial nucleus. Our results show that TSS is able to evoke several discharge patterns in DCN neurons in vivo, likely depending on the synaptic pathways engaged by the stimulation. Moreover, our results show that long-lasting changes detected in DCN following TSS were related to oscillations in the theta frequency range. The employment of pharmacological tools and optogenetics helped to better characterize some of the processes underlying plasticity in the DCN. The second part of this work is focused on cerebellar involvement in neocortical processing. In particular, we investigated the functional connectivity of fastigial and dentate nuclei (FN and DN, respectively) with the prelimbic area (PrL) of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Herein, we characterized the single-unit pattern changes in PrL neurons following electrical stimulation of the contralateral FN or DN in urethane anesthetized mice. Two main anatomical pathways connect the cerebellum to the prefrontal area: the dopaminergic pathway, passing through the ventral tegmental area, and the glutamatergic pathway arising from the thalamus. Pharmacological approaches helped to discriminate these two pathways and investigate whether and how specific neuromodulators or neurotransmitters affect prefrontal neurons responses to cerebellar stimulation. PrL neurons showed spontaneous activity and responded to electrical stimulation of FN and DN with two response patterns, both characterized by an initial pause, in some cases followed by a rebound excitation detected as a peak in PSTHs. The perfusion of dopamine receptors antagonists did not abolish PrL neurons responses, thus supporting the hypothesis that dopamine released in PrL modulates neuronal responses, presumably affecting neurons intrinsic excitability. Following previous results, we focused our attention on the contribution of GABAergic synaptic inhibition within the PrL, presumably mediated by thalamic projections activated by DN stimulation. The majority of thalamic glutamatergic projections reach the mPFC at the level of interneurons in cortical Layers III/V. Our results showed that for almost all PrL responding units the inhibitory component was abolished by blocking GABAA receptors. Therefore, a reasonable explanation of our data is that the cerebellum is mainly involved in the activation of inhibitory cells regulating pyramidal neurons activity in PrL. Hence, the cerebellum may exert a crucial role in cognition, by preferentially leading to PrL neurons inhibition and therefore controlling the level of excitation/inhibition in mPFC circuitry. Overall, the findings reported in this work are relevant not only for understanding cerebellar functioning itself, but also for understanding cerebellar contribution to higher order cognitive processes.

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Safiulina, Dzahmilja. "The studies of mitochondria in cultured cerebellar granule neurons : characterization of mitochondrial function, volume homeostasis and interaction with neurosteroids /." Online version, 2006. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/1136/5/safiulina.pdf.

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7

Jiang, Bin. "The contribution of cerebellar inputs to the properties of otolith neurons in the vestibular nucleus of rats." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575126.

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Luthman, Johannes. "Computational modelling of information processing in deep cerebellar nucleus neurons." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/8733.

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The deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) function as output gates for a large majority of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex and thereby determine how the cerebellum influences the rest of the brain and body. In my PhD programme I have investigated how the DCN process two kinds of input patterns received from Purkinje cells: irregularity of spike intervals and pauses in Purkinje cell activity resulting from the recognition of patterns received at the synapses with the upstream parallel fibres (PFs). To that objective I have created a network system of biophysically realistic Purkinje cell and DCN neuron models that enables the exploration of a wide range of network structure and cell physiology parameters. With this system I have performed simulations that show how the DCN neuron changes the information modality of its input, consisting of varying regularity in Purkinje cell spike intervals, to varying spike rates in its output to the nervous system outside of the cerebellum. This was confirmed in simulations where I exchanged the artificial Purkinje cell trains for those received from experimental collaborators. In pattern recognition simulations I have found that the morphological arrangement present in the cerebellum, where multiple Purkinje cells connect to each DCN neuron, has the effect of amplifying pattern recognition already performed in the Purkinje cells. Using the metric of signal-to-noise ratio I show that PF patterns previously encountered and stored in PF - Purkinje cell synapses are most clearly distinguished from those novel to the system by a 10-20 ms shortened burst firing of the DCN neuron. This result suggests that the effect on downstream targets of these excitatory projection neurons is a decreased excitation when a stored as opposed to novel pattern is received. My work has contributed to a better understanding of information processing in the cerebellum, with implications for human motor control as well as the increasingly recognised non-motor functions of the cerebellum.

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Jiang, Bin, and 姜斌. "The contribution of cerebellar inputs to the properties of otolith neurons in the vestibular nucleus of rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42575126.

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Kitzman, Patrick Harvey. "The origin and physiological effects of serotonin on neurons within the cat's cerebellar nuclei /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487857546386606.

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Books on the topic "Cerebellar nuclei"

1

1929-, Cohen Bernard, Tomko David L, and Guedry Fred E, eds. Sensing and controlling motion: Vestibular and sensorimotor function. New York, N.Y: New York Academy of Sciences, 1992.

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Fenili, Daniela. Same-cell, high-resolution tracking of nuclear and cytoplasmic fluorescent signals in live, transfected cerebellar neurons. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Takao, Kumazawa, Kruger Lawrence, and Mizumura Kazue, eds. The polymodal receptor: A gateway to pathological pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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4

DeFelipe, Javier. Cerebellum and Deep Cerebellar Nuclei. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842833.003.0006.

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Safiulina, Dzahmilja. The studies of mitochondria in cultured cerebellar granule neurons: Characterization of mitochondrial function, volume homeostasis and interaction with neurosteroids. 2006.

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6

Mason, Peggy. Cerebellum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0024.

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The cerebellum uses sensory feedback and information about intended actions to ensure coordinated and smooth movements despite changing conditions. An analogy between the cerebellum and an orchestral conductor is elaborated. The cerebellum’s involvement in forming and executing motor memories is presented. Cerebellar circuits through the cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei and the dependence of cerebellar learning on climbing fiber input to Purkinje cells are briefly described. Sensory reafference and motor efference copy are defined and their roles in coordinating movement introduced. Cerebellar symptoms including ataxia, dysmetria and dysdiadochokinesia, are discussed and a possible model for dysmetria is considered. The specific inputs to and outputs from the vermis, paravermis, and lateral lobes are detailed in a description of canonical cerebellar loops. Finally, evidence that the cerebellum is involved in modulating nonmotor functions such as language, affect, social cognition, and visceral control is presented for the reader’s consideration.

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Gould, B. Brown. Organization of Afferents from the Brain Stem Nuclei to the Cerebellar Cortex in the Cat. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Mason, Peggy. The Versatile Brainstem. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0006.

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The role of the brainstem in life is detailed from both medical and legal points of view. This chapter describes how the brainstem divides up the fundamental processes of human life, with the most automatic and basic ones supported most caudally and progressively more expressive functions depending on more rostral brainstem regions. The text then steps through the internal anatomy of the brainstem with a focus on cranial nerve nuclei. The location of the three long tracts is followed for the length of the brainstem, and the course of the corticobulbar tract is presented. A primer on the anatomy of the cerebellum is capped by introducing ataxia, the classic symptom stemming from ipsilateral cerebellar damage.

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Cohen, Bernard, and David L. Tomko. Sensing and Controlling Motion: Vestibular and Sensorimotor Function (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences). New York Academy of Sciences, 1992.

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Cohen, Bernard, and David L. Tomko. Sensing and Controlling Motion: Vestibular and Sensorimotor Function (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences). New York Academy of Sciences, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cerebellar nuclei"

1

Jaeger, Dieter, and Huo Lu. "Cerebellar Nuclei." In Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, 311–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24551-5_42.

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Jaeger, Dieter, and Huo Lu. "Cerebellar Nuclei." In Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, 275–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15070-8_42.

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Yamada, Mayumi, and Mikio Hoshino. "Precerebellar Nuclei." In Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, 63–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24551-5_7.

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Jaeger, Dieter. "Cerebellar Nuclei and Cerebellar Learning." In Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, 1111–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_47.

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Jaeger, Dieter. "Cerebellar Nuclei and Cerebellar Learning." In Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, 1–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_47-2.

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Jaeger, Dieter. "Cerebellar Nuclei and Cerebellar Learning." In Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, 1251–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23810-0_47.

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Elsen, Gina E., Gordana Juric-Sekhar, Ray A. M. Daza, and Robert F. Hevner. "Development of Cerebellar Nuclei." In Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, 179–205. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_10.

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Elsen, Gina E., Gordana Juric-Sekhar, Ray A. M. Daza, and Robert F. Hevner. "Development of Cerebellar Nuclei." In Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_10-2.

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Elsen, Gina E., Gordana Juric-Sekhar, Ray A. M. Daza, and Robert F. Hevner. "Development of Cerebellar Nuclei." In Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, 207–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23810-0_10.

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Yamada, Mayumi, and Mikio Hoshino. "Precerebellar Nuclei: Embryological Principles." In Essentials of Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, 47–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15070-8_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cerebellar nuclei"

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Grillo, Massimo, Alice Geminiani, Alberto Antonietti, Egidio D'Angelo, and Alessandra Pedrocchi. "Implementation of the NucleoCortical pathways inside a Spiking Neural Network model of Cerebellar Nuclei." In 2021 10th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441361.

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Xu, Xiao, Yuqian Chen, Leo Zekelman, Yogesh Rathi, Nikos Makris, Fan Zhang, and Lauren J. O’Donnell. "Tractography-Based Parcellation of Cerebellar Dentate Nuclei via a Deep Nonnegative Matrix Factorization Clustering Method." In 2023 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi53787.2023.10230528.

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Menville, Jesse, Ziqi Wang, Emily Weisbach, Glenn Tung, and Jason Richards. "Cerebellar Hippocampal and Basal Nuclei Transient Edema with Restricted Diffusion (CHANTER): A Case Report with Literature Review (P9-7.004)." In 2023 Annual Meeting Abstracts. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000202841.

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Disserol, Caio, João Henrique Fregadolli Ferreira, Carolina Magalhães Britto, Maria Clara Spesotto, Carla Guariglia, and Marcos Christiano Lange. "Progressive lacunar stroke presenting as cheiro-oral syndrome, dysarthria and hemiataxia." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.636.

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Context: Lacunar infarcts are small infarcts caused by occlusion of a single penetrating vessel, affecting mostly the basal ganglia, subcortical white matter and pons1. Around 20-30% of patients may progress symptoms over hours to days, and this presentation is associated with disability and poor prognosis2. Case report: A 70-year-old man with history of smoking, hypertension and a previous right occipital stroke reported right upper lip paresthesias since awakening. In 2-hours the right perioral region and his right hand were affected. After 3-hours he noted slurred speech. After 4-hours, imbalance was added to the previous symptoms. On admission, NIHSS was 4, mostly by previous left hemianopia, new right arm ataxia and cerebellar dysarthria. There were no weakness or sensory déficits. Brain MRI showed a subacute lacunar stroke in the left thalamus. Discussion: Thalamic lacunar strokes can present in a wide range of symptoms depending on the affected nuclei. The ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPLn) and the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPMn) carries sensory input from the contralateral body and face, respectively3. Cheiro-oral syndrome (COS) is considered a pure sensory thalamic lacunar syndrome with symptoms that affect the face, hand and/or foot, but may be accompanied by ipsilateral ataxia if the ventral lateral nucleus is also affected4 . Although classically associated with thalamic ischemic lesions, there are descriptions of hemorrhagic strokes5 and multiple different affected regions presenting as COS, including brainstem5 , internal capsule6 , operculum7 , cortex8 , corona radiata9 and thalamus10. Early recognition and diagnosis is essencial to institute adequate early treatment and secondary prophylaxis.

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Rocha Filho, Juliano Henrique, Beatriz Brasil Braga, Kristine Leão Alarcão, and Maria Teresa Aires Cabral Dias. "Clinical Findings of Type 3 Spinocerebellar Ataxia." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.198.

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Background: Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of progressive autosomal disorders of dominant inheritance with a gradual degeneration of the cerebellum and related pathways [1]. This leads to a movement disorder, loss of balance and coordination, accompanied by slurred speech [2]. Among the approximately 40 types of SCA, the spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease, is the most clinically heterogeneous [3]. It involves the cerebellar, pyramidal, extrapyramidal, motor neuron and oculomotor systems [2]. Objectives: Understand the clinical findings of SCA3. Methods: The review was based on papers from SciELO and LILACS databases. Articles presented in full, written in English or Portuguese, were researched. Results: SCA3 is a consequence of the ATXN3 gene modification, which generates pathogenic repeated expansions of trinucleotides CAG, leading to polyglutamine coding. The common clinical phenotype includes the presentation of symptoms such as cerebellar ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, spasticity, basal ganglia symptoms, sensory symptoms, amyotrophy, including facial atrophy and fasciculations [4]. In addition, atrophy of the cerebellar vermis, hemispheres, brainstem and medial cerebellar peduncle are visualized on MRI in the early stages, resulting in an enlargement of the fourth ventricle. Furthermore, changes also occur in the caudate nucleus, putamen and upper cerebellar peduncle [5]. Conclusion: Through data analysis, there is a necessity to know the clinical and pathological characteristics of SCA3. This neurological disorder causes suffering for the patients, since it is a highly debilitating serious condition.

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Presannan, Anandhu, Arathi Rajendran, Bipin Nair, and Shyam Diwakar. "Reproducing the Firing Properties of a Cerebellum Deep Cerebellar Nucleus with a Multi-Compartmental Morphologically Realistic Biophysical Model." In 2018 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacci.2018.8554491.

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Kang, Qi, Eric Lang, and Mesut Sahin. "Entrainment of Cerebellar Nuclear Cells via AC Stimulation of the Cerebellar Cortex." In 2023 11th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner52421.2023.10123772.

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Faria, Danilo Donizete de, Joselisa Péres Queiroz de Paiva, Artur Jose Marques Paulo, Sonia Maria Cesar de Azevedo Gomes, Vanderci Borges, Henrique Ballalai Ferraz, and Patrícia Maria de Carvalho Aguiar. "Structural MRI analysis of basal ganglia volume and white matter tracts in upper limb dystonia." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.547.

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Background: Dystonia is known as a network disorder. There is evidence of volumetric changes in structures associated with the traditional physiopathology, such as basal nuclei. One approach to studying the neural pathways is through tractography, which can provide insights into the structural connectivity of neural networks that may be disrupted in dystonia. Objectives: To evaluate brain structural changes of motor networks and basal ganglia volume in dystonia. Methods: Twenty-six patients with right upper limb dystonia and 29 healthy controls underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging and evaluated in terms of DTI and T1 data. The XTRACT FSL tool was utilized to examine fractional anisotropy of the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, superior thalamic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculus, cortical spinal tract, middle cerebellar peduncle, forceps major and forceps minor. Using T1-weithed data, volunteers were also evaluated in terms of volumetric changes in bilateral Putamen, Caudate, Pallidum and Thalamus extracted using Freesurfer 7.0 volumetric segmentation. For group comparison, we conducted an analysis of covariance controlling for sex and estimated intracranial volume. Results: For uncorrected p-values, patients with upper limb dystonia show diminished FA volume in the right corticospinal tract relative to controls (P = 0.025). Region of interest analysis of subcortical regions volume based on T1-weighted images shows that patients had diminished left caudate volume (P = 0.031) and right putamen (P = 0.041). However, using FDR multiple comparisons correction, no difference was observed between groups: right corticospinal tract (P = 0.329), left caudate volume (P = 0.16), right putamen volume (P = 0.16). Conclusion: Our study could not replicate previous findings describing structural changes in dystonia. This could be to methodological differences, as well as the fact that we selected only patients with upper limb dystonia, as opposed to studies that included other types of dystonia. The neuroimaging analyses were conducted with the utmost rigor, utilizing the optimal preprocessing and statistical analysis methods. The nature and characteristics of structural alterations remain unclear and may vary depending on the subtype of dystonia. Therefore, additional structural studies and meta-analyses are warranted to advance our knowledge of this network disorder.

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Kops, E. Rota, H. Hautzel, H. Herzog, C. Lerche, and N. J. Shah. "Attenuation Correction of Cerebellum in PET/MR Data." In 2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2017.8532870.

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Czaban, Iwona. "PML nuclear bodies are differentially expressed among various neuronal subtypes of the mouse cerebellum." In 15th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. Istanbul: LookUs Scientific, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/2017ichc.pp-196.

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