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Journal articles on the topic 'Cerebral arteries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Mizutani, Tohru, Hideaki Kojima, and Yoshimasa Miki. "Arterial dissections of penetrating cerebral arteries causing hypertension-induced cerebral hemorrhage." Journal of Neurosurgery 93, no. 5 (November 2000): 859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0859.

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Object. For the past 130 years, it has been believed that hypertension-induced cerebral hemorrhages are the result of ruptures of microaneurysms or ruptures of arteries that have degenerative changes. The majority of previous investigations have focused on autopsied brain. In this study, the authors attempted to verify the cause of hypertension-induced cerebral hemorrhage by using surgical specimens of the penetrating arteries responsible for the hemorrhages.Methods. Between 1997 and 1999, the authors performed pathological studies in surgical specimens of lenticulostriate arteries that had be

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2

Warnert, Esther AH, Kevin Murphy, Judith E. Hall, and Richard G. Wise. "Noninvasive Assessment of Arterial Compliance of Human Cerebral Arteries with Short Inversion Time Arterial Spin Labeling." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 35, no. 3 (March 2015): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.219.

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A noninvasive method of assessing cerebral arterial compliance (AC) is introduced in which arterial spin labeling (ASL) is used to measure changes in arterial blood volume (aBV) occurring within the cardiac cycle. Short inversion time pulsed ASL (PASL) was performed in healthy volunteers with inversion times ranging from 250 to 850 ms. A model of the arterial input function was used to obtain the cerebral aBV. Results indicate that aBV depends on the cardiac phase of the arteries in the imaging volume. Cerebral AC, estimated from aBV and brachial blood pressure measured noninvasively in systol

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3

Dieguez, G., J. L. Garcia, N. Fernandez, A. L. Garcia-Villalon, L. Monge, and B. Gomez. "Cerebrovascular and coronary effects of endothelin-1 in the goat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 263, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): R834—R839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.4.r834.

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In vivo and in vitro effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on cerebral and coronary vasculature of goats were examined and compared. In six anesthetized goats intravenous injections of ET-1 (0.1-0.8 nmol) increased arterial pressure, did not change the middle cerebral (MCA) and left anterior descending or left circumflex coronary (LCC) arterial blood flows (electromagnetically measured), and increased cerebral and coronary vascular resistances. In four other anesthetized goats intra-arterial injections of ET-1 (0.01-0.3 nmol) decreased the MCA flow less than the LCC flow (maximal reduction was 20 and

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4

Chyatte, Douglas, Jeffrey Reilly, and David M. Tilson. "Morphometric Analysis of Reticular and Elastin Fibers in the Cerebral Arteries of Patients with Intracranial Aneurysms." Neurosurgery 26, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199006000-00003.

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Abstract Elastin and reticular fibers were identified using standard histological stains in middle cerebral arteries taken from patients who had died from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and control patients who did not have cerebral aneurysms, Examination of cerebral arteries from normal individuals revealed a dense network of fine reticular fibers in the arterial media that were uniformly distributed. Computerized morphometric analysis indicated that reticular fibers in the arterial media of cerebral arteries were significantly decreased in patients with aneurysms. In addition, these fibe

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5

Warnert, Esther AH, Emma C. Hart, Judith E. Hall, Kevin Murphy, and Richard G. Wise. "The major cerebral arteries proximal to the Circle of Willis contribute to cerebrovascular resistance in humans." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 36, no. 8 (November 20, 2015): 1384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x15617952.

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Cerebral autoregulation ensures constant cerebral blood flow during periods of increased blood pressure by increasing cerebrovascular resistance. However, whether this increase in resistance occurs at the level of major cerebral arteries as well as at the level of smaller pial arterioles is still unknown in humans. Here, we measure cerebral arterial compliance, a measure that is inversely related to cerebrovascular resistance, with our novel non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging-based measurement, which employs short inversion time pulsed arterial spin labelling to map arterial blood volume

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6

Sasaki, Tomio, Neal F. Kassell, Masanori Yamashita, Shigeru Fujiwara, and Mario Zuccarello. "Barrier disruption in the major cerebral arteries following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage." Journal of Neurosurgery 63, no. 3 (September 1985): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.63.3.0433.

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✓ The effects of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on the blood-arterial wall barrier in the major cerebral arteries were studied in 20 normotensive dogs. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was given intravenously before the animals were sacrificed to assess the integrity of the barrier. Transient elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) produced by cisternal injection of saline solution resulted in HRP leakage at the branching points of the major cerebral arteries. Extensive disturbance of the blood-arterial wall barrier was consistently observed in the major cerebral arteries after SAH, w

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7

Ayajiki, Kazuhide, та Noboru Toda. "Regional Difference in the Response Mediated by β1-Adrenoceptor Subtype in Bovine Cerebral Arteries". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 12, № 3 (травень 1992): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1992.69.

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Helical strips of bovine rostral cerebral arteries (anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and internal carotid artery) responded to norepinephrine with contractions, whereas the caudal cerebral arteries (posterior communicating, posterior cerebral, and basilar artery) relaxed in response to the amine. After blockade of α-adrenoceptors, norepinephrine-induced rostral artery contractions were reversed to relaxations, which were smaller than those in the caudal arteries. Isoproterenol, dobutamine, and terbutaline produced greater relaxations in caudal than in rostral arteries, but forskolin relaxed

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8

Sabec-Pereira, Dayane Kelly, Fabiano C. Lima, Fabiano R. Melo, Fabiana Cristina S. A. Melo, Kleber Fernando Pereira, and Valcinir Aloisio S. Vulcani. "Vascularization of the Alouatta belzebul brain base." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 40, no. 4 (April 2020): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6536.

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ABSTRACT: We studied the arterial circle in the brain of five specimens of the Alouatta belzebul primate. The material had the arterial system perfused (water at 40°C), injected with stained latex (Neoprene 650), fixed in aqueous formaldehyde solution (10%) and dissected for vessel verification. The arterial circle of this primate is composed of two vascular systems: the vertebra-basilar and the carotid ones, which anastomose to close the arterial circuit. In the caudal portion of the arterial circle, there are the vertebral arteries and their branches: the rostral spinal artery and the caudal

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9

Mangiarua, Elsa I., and Robert M. K. W. Lee. "Increased sympathetic innervation in the cerebral and mesenteric arteries of hypertensive rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 68, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y90-070.

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The density of catecholamine-containing nerve fibers was studied in the cerebral and mesenteric arteries from normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) in the growing (SHR, WKY) and adult (SHR, SHRSP, WKY) animals. Cerebral arteries from SHR showed an increased adrenergic innervation from day 1. The nerve plexuses reached an adult pattern earlier in SHR than in WKY. The arteries from adult SHR and SHRSP (22 weeks old) showed a markedly higher nerve density than WKY. There was a positive linear correlation between blood pressure an

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10

Amin, Faisal Mohammad, Mohammad Sohail Asghar, Julie W. Ravneberg, Patrick JH de Koning, Henrik BW Larsson, Jes Olesen, and Messoud Ashina. "The effect of sumatriptan on cephalic arteries: A 3T MR-angiography study in healthy volunteers." Cephalalgia 33, no. 12 (April 15, 2013): 1009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102413483374.

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Aim To explore a possible differential effect of sumatriptan on extracerebral versus cerebral arteries, we examined the superficial temporal (STA), middle meningeal (MMA), extracranial internal carotid (ICAextra), intracranial internal carotid (ICAintra), middle cerebral (MCA) and basilar arteries (BA). Methods The arterial circumferences were recorded blindly using high-resolution magnetic resonance angiography before and after subcutaneous sumatriptan injection (6 mg) in 18 healthy volunteers. Results We found significant constrictions of MMA (16.5%), STA (16.4%) and ICAextra (15.2%) ( p ≤ 0

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11

Zarrinkoob, Laleh, Khalid Ambarki, Anders Wåhlin, Richard Birgander, Bo Carlberg, Anders Eklund, and Jan Malm. "Aging alters the dampening of pulsatile blood flow in cerebral arteries." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 36, no. 9 (July 20, 2016): 1519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x16629486.

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Excessive pulsatile flow caused by aortic stiffness is thought to be a contributing factor for several cerebrovascular diseases. The main purpose of this study was to describe the dampening of the pulsatile flow from the proximal to the distal cerebral arteries, the effect of aging and sex, and its correlation to aortic stiffness. Forty-five healthy elderly (mean age 71 years) and 49 healthy young (mean age 25 years) were included. Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging was used for measuring blood flow pulsatility index and dampening factor (proximal artery pulsatility index/distal artery

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12

Löhn, Matthias, Dietmar Kämpf, Chai Gui-Xuan, Hermann Haller, Friedrich C. Luft, and Maik Gollasch. "Regulation of arterial tone by smooth muscle myosin type II." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 283, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): C1383—C1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.01369.2000.

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The initiation of contractile force in arterial smooth muscle (SM) is believed to be regulated by the intracellular Ca2+concentration and SM myosin type II phosphorylation. We tested the hypothesis that SM myosin type II operates as a molecular motor protein in electromechanical, but not in protein kinase C (PKC)-induced, contraction of small resistance-sized cerebral arteries. We utilized a SM type II myosin heavy chain (MHC) knockout mouse model and measured arterial wall Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and the diameter of pressurized cerebral arteries (30–100 μm) by means of digital fluorescen

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13

García Pisón, Joaquín, Matías Negrotto, Alejandra Garretano, Andrés Pouy, Carolina Fernández, and Eduardo Olivera. "RARE TRIPLE ANATOMICAL VARIATION OF THE CEREBRAL ARTERIAL CIRCLE; Rara triple variación del círculo arterial cerebral." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 9, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v9.n1.15416.

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Se reporta la rara asociación de un aneurisma de arteria trigeminal persistente lateral derecha (Tipo II de Saltzman), aplasia del segmento pre-comunicante de ambas arterias cerebrales posteriores y la presencia de arterias cerebrales posteriores fetales en forma bilateral, en una mujer de 64 años que consultó de diplopía y parálisis del nervio abducens derecho, probablemente debida a compresión del nervio en el espacio latero-celar. Se realizó con éxito la embolización endovascular con coils, sin complicaciones inmediatas. Los hallazgos de CT, RM y angiografía son presentados. Aunque cada una

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14

Geary, Greg G., John N. Buchholz, and William J. Pearce. "Maturation depresses mouse cerebrovascular tone through endothelium-dependent mechanisms." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 284, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): R734—R741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00510.2002.

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In light of previous observations that the range of arterial pressures over which cerebral blood flow is autoregulated differs dramatically in neonates and adults, the present experiments explored the hypothesis that pressure-induced intrinsic arterial tone is regulated differently in neonatal and adult cerebral arteries. In cannulated and pressurized endothelium-intact mouse cerebral arteries <150 μm in diameter, active intrinsic tone was evident at intraluminal pressures as low as 10 mmHg in neonatal arteries, but only at pressures of 60 mmHg or greater in adult arteries. Administration o

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15

Dizdarević, Kemal. "The Role of Nitric Oxide in Resolution of Vasospasam Corresponding with Cerebral Vasospasms after Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Animal Model." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 8, no. 2 (May 20, 2008): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2008.2978.

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Intracranial aneurysmal rupture is the common cause of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). This haemorrhage is typically diffuse and located in extracerebral subarachnoid space in which main cerebral arterial branches are situated. The intimate and long-term contact of arterial wall and blood products in the closed space causes the cerebral vasospasm as a serious and frequent complication of SAH. It is connected with significant morbidity and mortality due to developing of focal cerebral ischaemia and subsequently cerebral infarction. The aim of our experimental research was to create

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Han, Jin, Nari Kim, Hyun Joo, and Euiyong Kim. "Ketamine blocks Ca2+-activated K+ channels in rabbit cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 285, no. 3 (September 2003): H1347—H1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00194.2003.

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Although ketamine and Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels have been implicated in the contractile activity regulation of cerebral arteries, no studies have addressed the specific interactions between ketamine and the KCa channels in cerebral arteries. The purpose of this study was to examine the direct effects of ketamine on KCa channel activities using the patch-clamp technique in single-cell preparations of rabbit middle cerebral arterial smooth muscle. We tested the hypothesis that ketamine modulates the KCa channel activity of the cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells of the rabbit. Vascular

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17

Tamaki, K., W. Mayhan, and D. Heistad. "Effects of vasodilator stimuli on resistance of large and small cerebral vessels." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 251, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): H1176—H1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1986.251.6.h1176.

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We have examined effects of vasodilator stimuli on segmental resistance in the cerebral circulation. Our hypothesis was that resistance of large arteries, as well as small vessels, contributes to cerebral vascular responses to vasodilator stimuli. We measured cerebral blood flow with microspheres in anesthetized rabbits and measured pressure in pial arteries approximately 100 microns diameter using a servo-null method. These values were used to calculate resistance of large arteries (greater than 100 microns diameter) and small vessels (less than 100 microns diameter). Under control conditions

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Harraz, Osama F., Frank Visser, Suzanne E. Brett, Daniel Goldman, Anil Zechariah, Ahmed M. Hashad, Bijoy K. Menon, Tim Watson, Yves Starreveld, and Donald G. Welsh. "CaV1.2/CaV3.x channels mediate divergent vasomotor responses in human cerebral arteries." Journal of General Physiology 145, no. 5 (April 27, 2015): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201511361.

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The regulation of arterial tone is critical in the spatial and temporal control of cerebral blood flow. Voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels are key regulators of excitation–contraction coupling in arterial smooth muscle, and thereby of arterial tone. Although L- and T-type CaV channels have been identified in rodent smooth muscle, little is known about the expression and function of specific CaV subtypes in human arteries. Here, we determined which CaV subtypes are present in human cerebral arteries and defined their roles in determining arterial tone. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and

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Wellman, G. C., L. Cartin, D. M. Eckman, A. S. Stevenson, C. M. Saundry, W. J. Lederer, and M. T. Nelson. "Membrane depolarization, elevated Ca2+ entry, and gene expression in cerebral arteries of hypertensive rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 281, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): H2559—H2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.6.h2559.

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Elevated intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i) has been implicated in contractile and phenotypic changes in arterial smooth muscle during hypertension. This study examined the role of membrane potential and [Ca2+]i in altered gene expression in cerebral arteries of a rat (Dahl) genetic model of salt-sensitive hypertension. Cerebral arteries from hypertensive animals (Dahl salt-sensitive) exhibited a tonic membrane depolarization of ∼15 mV compared with normotensive (Dahl salt-resistant) animals. Consistent with this membrane depolarization, voltage-dependent K+currents were decreased in cerebral artery

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Goyal, Ravi, Ashwani Mittal, Nina Chu, Lijun Shi, Lubo Zhang, and Lawrence D. Longo. "Maturation and the role of PKC-mediated contractility in ovine cerebral arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 297, no. 6 (December 2009): H2242—H2252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00681.2009.

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Ca2+-independent pathways such as protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and Rho kinase 1 and 2 (ROCK1/2) play important roles in modulating cerebral vascular tone. Because the roles of these kinases vary with maturational age, we tested the hypothesis that PKC differentially regulates the Ca2+-independent pathways and their effects on cerebral arterial contractility with development. We simultaneously examined the responses of arterial tension and intracellular Ca2+ concentration and used Western immunoblot analysis to measure ERK1/2, RhoA, 20 kDa regulatory

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Salmina, A., V. Levantsevich, D. Boris, and T. Semak. "COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE VILLISIAN CIRCLE IN PERSONS WITH CEREBRAL CIRCULATION DISORDERS AND WITHOUT SIGNS OF PATHOLOGY." EurasianUnionScientists 2, no. 2(83) (April 2, 2021): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2021.2.83.1255.

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The study is devoted to the study of the anatomy of the Willis circle of people with and without cerebral circulation pathology. We studied 243 angiograms (men and women of different age groups from 18 to 72 years old). Of these, 120 patients had no signs of cerebrovascular pathology, 123 patients had various kinds of cerebral circulation disorders. Only in 32% of cases, when studying 120 MR-angiograms of persons without cerebral circulation disorders, a classical type of structure of the arterial bed was revealed. In 68% of the subjects, structural anomalies were found, namely: 23% hypoplasia

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Badhwar, AmanPreet, Danica B. Stanimirovic, Edith Hamel, and Arsalan S. Haqqani. "The Proteome of Mouse Cerebral Arteries." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 34, no. 6 (March 26, 2014): 1033–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.52.

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The cerebral vasculature ensures proper cerebral function by transporting oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to the brain. Distribution of oxygenated blood throughout the neuroaxis takes place at the level of the circle of Willis (CW). While morphologic and functional alterations in CW arteries and its main branches have been reported in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, accompanying changes in protein expression profiles remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we performed proteomics to compile a novel list of proteins present in mouse CW arteries and its ramificatio

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Vikner, Tomas, Lars Nyberg, Madelene Holmgren, Jan Malm, Anders Eklund, and Anders Wåhlin. "Characterizing pulsatility in distal cerebral arteries using 4D flow MRI." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 40, no. 12 (November 13, 2019): 2429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x19886667.

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Recent reports have suggested that age-related arterial stiffening and excessive cerebral arterial pulsatility cause blood–brain barrier breakdown, brain atrophy and cognitive decline. This has spurred interest in developing non-invasive methods to measure pulsatility in distal vessels, closer to the cerebral microcirculation. Here, we report a method based on four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI to estimate a global composite flow waveform of distal cerebral arteries. The method is based on finding and sampling arterial waveforms from thousands of cross sections in numerous small vessels of the bra

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Findlay, J. Max, R. Loch Macdonald, Bryce K. A. Weir, and Michael G. A. Grace. "Surgical manipulation of primate cerebral arteries in established vasospasm." Journal of Neurosurgery 75, no. 3 (September 1991): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1991.75.3.0425.

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✓ It is generally believed that surgery in the face of angiographic vasospasm is dangerous due to an increased incidence of postoperative cerebral ischemia. One theory is that arterial narrowing is exacerbated by surgical manipulation of vasospastic vessels during aneurysm dissection and clipping. This theory was tested in a primate model of cerebral vasospasm and the results reported. Six monkeys underwent baseline cerebral angiography, followed by induction of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on both sides of the circle of Willis. An equal amount of fresh autologous blood clot was placed around

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Knot, H. J., and M. T. Nelson. "Regulation of membrane potential and diameter by voltage-dependent K+ channels in rabbit myogenic cerebral arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 269, no. 1 (July 1, 1995): H348—H355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.269.1.h348.

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The hypothesis that voltage-dependent K+ channels are involved in the regulation of arterial smooth muscle membrane potential and blood vessel diameter was tested by examining the effects of inhibitors [4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP)] of voltage-dependent K+ channels on the membrane potential and diameter of pressurized small (100- to 300-microns diam) cerebral arteries from rabbit. In response to graded elevations in transmural pressure (20-100 mmHg), the membrane potential of smooth muscle cells in these arteries depolarized and the arteries constricted. 4-AP (1 mM)

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Hull, A. D., D. M. Long, L. D. Longo, and W. J. Pearce. "Pregnancy-induced changes in ovine cerebral arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 262, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): R137—R143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.1.r137.

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We examined the effects of pregnancy on the ovine cerebral vasculature by comparing several characteristics of isolated endothelium-intact segments of three intracranial arteries including the middle cerebral (MCA), posterior communicating (PC), and basilar (BAS) arteries taken from pregnant sheep (138-143 days gestation, term approximately 145 days) and nonpregnant controls. For comparison, segments of the extracranial common carotid (COM) artery were also studied. With pregnancy, vessel water content increased (5.4-5.8%) in all arteries except the PC. Additionally, cellular protein content i

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Costa, Herson Da Silva, Hélio Norberto De Araújo Júnior, Ferdinando Vinícius Fernandes Bezerra, Carlos Eduardo Vale Rebouças, Danilo José Ayres De Menezes, Carlos Eduardo Bezerra De Moura, and Moacir Franco De Oliveira. "Macroscopic Anatomy and Brain Vascularization in the Greater Rhea (Rhea americana americana)." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (March 16, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.86671.

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Background: The Rhea americana americana is a wild bird belonging to the group of Ratites, and is important from the scientific point of view given their adaptability to captivity. Considering that information about its morphology is important for the viability of domesticating the species, the aim of this study was to macroscopically identify the brain regions, as well as the cerebral arteries and the cerebral arterial circuit in order to establish the cerebral vascular pattern and systematization.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty one brains from young and adult Greater Rheas of both s

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Silva, Roberto Sávio Bessa da, Gleidson Benevides de Oliveira, Carlos Magno Oliveira Junior, Ferdinando Vinicius Fernandes Bezerra, Felipe Venceslau Câmara, Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira, and Moacir Franco de Oliveira. "Arterial vascularization of the brain of the agouti (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1766)." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 2 (April 16, 2016): 773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n2p773.

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The agouti, a rodent that is geographically distributed throughout South America, is greatly valued for its meat. This paper describes the arterial vascularization of the base of the agouti’s brain, characterizing behavior, and arterial origin and distribution. Ten animals from the Center for the Multiplication of Wild Animals (CEMAS/UFERSA) were used and the study was approved by SISBIO (report number 32413- 1) and the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (CEUA/UFERSA) (protocol 02/2010). After euthanasia, the animals were incised in the thoracic cavity by an injection of red-stained Neoprene latex

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Sancho, Maria, Yuan Gao, Bjorn O. Hald, Hao Yin, Melfort Boulton, David A. Steven, Keith W. MacDougall, Andrew G. Parrent, J. Geoffrey Pickering, and Donald G. Welsh. "An assessment of KIR channel function in human cerebral arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 316, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): H794—H800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00022.2019.

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In the rodent cerebral circulation, inward rectifying K+ (KIR) channels set resting tone and the distance over which electrical phenomena spread along the arterial wall. The present study sought to translate these observations into human cerebral arteries obtained from resected brain tissue. Computational modeling and a conduction assay first defined the impact of KIR channels on electrical communication; patch-clamp electrophysiology, quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry then characterized KIR2.x channel expression/activity. In keeping with rodent observations, computer modeling highlig

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Johansson, Barbro B., and Kent Fredriksson. "Cerebral Arteries in Hypertension." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 7 (1985): S90—S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005344-198507002-00017.

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Rodríguez-Hernández, Ana, Susanna Miric, and Michael T. Lawton. "Twiglike Middle Cerebral Arteries." Neurosurgery 71, no. 2 (August 2012): E522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e31825971a7.

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Lee, Robert M. K. W. "Morphology of cerebral arteries." Pharmacology & Therapeutics 66, no. 1 (January 1995): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(94)00071-a.

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Han, M. H., K. H. Chang, D. H. Han, K. M. Yeon, and M. C. Han. "Preembolization Functional Evaluation in Supratentorial Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations with Superselective Intraarterial Injection of Thiopental Sodium Solution." Acta Radiologica 35, no. 3 (May 1994): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519403500303.

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Superselective intraarterial injections of thiopental sodium solution for evaluation of local brain function were performed before embolization in 38 consecutive patients with supratentorial arteriovenous malformations to evaluate the role of the test using thiopental sodium solution. Thiopental sodium (30–50 mg) was injected in 68 arteries (44 middle cerebral arteries, 13 anterior cerebral arteries, 7 posterior cerebral arteries, 3 external carotid arteries, and 1 thalamo-perforating artery) through superselective microcatheters just before the injection of cyanoacrylate mixture for the embol

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Nakakita, Kazuo. "Peptidergic Innervation in the Cerebral Blood Vessels of the Guinea Pig: An Immunohistochemical Study." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 10, no. 6 (November 1990): 819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1990.138.

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The distribution of peptidergic nerve fibers containing substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the cerebral arteries and veins of the guinea pig was studied using immunohistochemical techniques. The ultrastructure of these immunoreactive nerve terminals was also compared. The cerebral arteries were innervated by abundant peptidergic nerve fibers with characteristic running patterns, i.e., SP fibers in a meshwork, VIP and NPY fibers in a spiral fashion. Only CGRP fibers showed both meshwork and spiral patter

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ISHIBASHI, AKIRA, and YOSHITAKE YOKOKURA. "Massive Cerebral Infarctions in Main Cerebral Arteries." Kurume Medical Journal 50, no. 1/2 (2003): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2739/kurumemedj.50.35.

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Mayhan, W. G., S. M. Amundsen, F. M. Faraci, and D. D. Heistad. "Responses of cerebral arteries after ischemia and reperfusion in cats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 255, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): H879—H884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.4.h879.

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Our goal was to determine whether responses of cerebral arteries are altered after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. We measured diameter of cerebral arteries (150-180 micron) in cats in response to topical application of acetylcholine (ACh) and serotonin, which release endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), and adenosine and angiotensin, which do not release EDRF. Diameter of arteries was measured before and after 10 or 30 min of cerebral ischemia, when base-line diameter had returned to control levels. Under control conditions, serotonin and angiotensin constricted cerebral arteries by

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Baltsavias, Gerasimos, Anton Valavanis, Venko Filipce, and Nadia Khan. "Selective and Superselective Angiography of Pediatric Moyamoya Disease Angioarchitecture: The Anterior Circulation." Interventional Neuroradiology 20, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.15274/inr-2014-10050.

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The angioarchitecture of the so-called moyamoya vessels in children has not been explicitly analyzed. We aimed to investigate the precise anatomy of the vascular anastomotic networks in patients with childhood moyamoya disease. Six children diagnosed with moyamoya disease for the first time underwent an angiographic investigation with selective and superselective injections. We recorded the arterial branches feeding the moyamoya anastomotic networks, their connections and the recipient vessels. Depending on the level of the steno-occlusive lesion, the feeding vessels included the medial striat

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Adebiyi, Adebowale, Elizabeth M. McNally, and Jonathan H. Jaggar. "Vasodilation induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation is attenuated in cerebral arteries of SUR2 null mice." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 301, no. 4 (October 2011): H1360—H1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00406.2011.

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Physiological functions of arterial smooth muscle cell ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, which are composed of inwardly rectifying K+ channel 6.1 and sulfonylurea receptor (SUR)-2 subunits, during metabolic inhibition are unresolved. In the present study, we used a genetic model to investigate the physiological functions of SUR2-containing KATP channels in mediating vasodilation to hypoxia, oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) or metabolic inhibition, and functional recovery following these insults. Data indicate that SUR2B is the only SUR isoform expressed in murine cerebral artery smooth mus

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Macdonald, R. L., B. K. A. Weir, M. G. A. Grace, M. H. Chen, T. P. Martin, and J. D. Young. "Mechanism of Cerebral Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Monkeys." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 19, no. 4 (November 1992): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100041597.

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ABSTRACT:This paper reviews our recent studies on the mechanism of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in monkeys. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) vasospasm was maximal at 7 days, resolving by 14 days, and absent at 28 days after SAH. Arterial fibrosis was not detected during vasospasm, although there was intimal hyperplasia with fibrosis 28 days after SAH. On scanning electron microscopy, smooth muscle cells from vasospastic arteries had corrugated cell membranes and appeared similar to cells contracted pharmacologically, suggesting that vasospastic smooth muscle is contra

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Kostreva, D. R., J. McNeely, and E. J. Zuperku. "Effect of arterial PCO2 on 2-[1-14C]deoxy-D-glucose uptake by feline cerebral arteries." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 1288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.4.1288.

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The effect of high and low arterial CO2 on the glucose utilization of nine major cerebral arteries was studied in cats anesthetized with pentothal using the quantitative 2-[1–14C]deoxy-D-glucose autoradiographic technique. All nine cerebral arteries from animals subjected to an arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) of 20 Torr utilized significantly more (P less than 0.025) glucose than the group subjected to an arterial PCO2 of 60 Torr. Mean relative glucose utilization of the 20-Torr PCO2 group was 105 +/- 9.5 mumol X 100g-1 X min-1 (+/- SE, n = 18) as compared with 49 +/- 6 mumol X 100g-1

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Onoue, H., N. Kaito, M. Tomii, S. Tokudome, M. Nakajima, and T. Abe. "Human basilar and middle cerebral arteries exhibit endothelium-dependent responses to peptides." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 267, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): H880—H886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.267.3.h880.

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We examined the activities of bradykinin, substance P, and vasopressin in isolated human cerebral arteries to better understand humoral control of cerebrovascular tone. Basilar and middle cerebral arteries were isolated from human cadavers during autopsy, and isometric tension was measured in helical strips of the arteries. Both bradykinin and substance P relaxed strips of both arteries precontracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha to similar extents. The relaxations induced by both peptides were abolished by removal of the vascular endothelium and were markedly reduced by pretreatment with NG-nit

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Boeru, Gabriel, and Laurentiu Gutiu. "Particularities of the imagistic diagnosis of the cervical-cerebral arteries dissection. Flow-splitter dissection." Romanian Journal of Neurology 9, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2010.4.9.

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Background: Dissection of the cervical-cerebral arteries is an important cause of stroke in all age groups, specifically in younger population. Dissection of the cervical-cerebral arteries is produced by rupture of the intima and media layers, leading to the occurrence of an intramural haematoma. In several circumstances dissection of the cervical-cerebral has a peculiar aspect, of a permeable double arterial lumen. Objective: We try to demonstrate the existence of this particularity in the dissection of the cervical-cerebral arteries, named as ’’flow-splitter” dissection. Method: We have used

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Ogengo, Julius A., Isaac Cheruiyot, Thomas Amuti, Ibsen Ongidi, Philip Mwachaka, Beda Olabu, Peter Kitunguu, and Simeon Sinkeet. "Cerebral Artery Hypoplasia in a Select Adult Kenyan Population." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 10, no. 03 (July 2019): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697562.

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Abstract Background Hypoplasia of cerebral arteries predisposes to stroke and cerebral aneurysms which have an increased incidence in sub-Saharan Africa. The frequency and pattern of cerebral artery hypoplasia, however, shows population variations, and data from the African population remain scanty. Objectives This study aimed to determine the percentage of hypoplasia in the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral, anterior and posterior communicating, basilar, and vertebral arteries. Materials and Methods Sections of the basilar, vertebral, posterior, and anterior communicating arteries and

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Wickramasekera, Nadi T., Debebe Gebremedhin, Koryn A. Carver, Padmanabhan Vakeel, Ramani Ramchandran, Aaron Schuett, and David R. Harder. "Role of dual-specificity protein phosphatase-5 in modulating the myogenic response in rat cerebral arteries." Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 2 (January 15, 2013): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01026.2011.

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The present study examined the role of the dual-specificity protein phosphatase-5 (DUSP-5) in the pressure-induced myogenic responses of organ-cultured cerebral arterial segments. In these studies, we initially compared freshly isolated and organ-cultured cerebral arterial segments with respect to responses to step increases in intravascular pressure, vasodilator and vasoconstrictor stimuli, activities of the large-conductance arterial Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) single-channel current, and stable protein expression of DUSP-5 enzyme. The results demonstrate maintained pressure-dependent myogenic v

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Joshi, Shailendra, Philip M. Meyers, John Pile-Spellman, Mei Wang, and Daniel H. Sahlein. "Intracarotid Verapamil Decreases both Proximal and Distal Human Cerebrovascular Resistance." Anesthesiology 100, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200404000-00005.

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Background The authors determined the segmental effects of intracarotid verapamil in human subjects by using a novel method of measuring proximal and distal cerebrovascular resistance. Their hypothesis was that intracarotid verapamil, a calcium channel-blocking drug that augments cerebral blood flow and reverses arterial spasm, would decrease both the proximal-conductance and the distal-arteriolar resistance. Methods Coaxial catheters were transfemorally floated into internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries during cerebral angiography. Pressures were recorded in the femoral, internal caro

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Findlay, J. M., B. K. A. Weir, K. Kanamaru, and F. Espinosa. "Arterial Wall Changes in Cerebral Vasospasm." Neurosurgery 25, no. 5 (November 1, 1989): 736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198911000-00008.

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Abstract A right-sided subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was created in 12 monkeys. Only the right (clot-side) cerebral arteries developed angiographic vasospasm (VSP), which was maximal 7 days after SAH. Eight animals were killed at this time and the remainder at 14 days. At the time of killing the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) were harvested, and four normal, left (non-clot-side) MCAs were vasoconstricted in vitro with prostaglandin F2… All MCAs were studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Right MCAs in maximal VSP 7 days from SAH were undistinguishable on scanning electron

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47

Adebiyi, Adebowale, Guiling Zhao, Sergey Y. Cheranov, Abu Ahmed, and Jonathan H. Jaggar. "Caveolin-1 abolishment attenuates the myogenic response in murine cerebral arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 292, no. 3 (March 2007): H1584—H1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00584.2006.

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Intravascular pressure-induced vasoconstriction (the “myogenic response”) is intrinsic to smooth muscle cells, but mechanisms that underlie this response are unresolved. Here we investigated the physiological function of arterial smooth muscle cell caveolae in mediating the myogenic response. Since caveolin-1 (cav-1) ablation abolishes caveolae formation in arterial smooth muscle cells, myogenic mechanisms were compared in cerebral arteries from control (cav-1+/+) and cav-1-deficient (cav-1−/−) mice. At low intravascular pressure (10 mmHg), wall membrane potential, intracellular calcium concen

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Morozova, T. S., I. F. Grishina, and I. A. Gurikova. "Peculiarities of cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases of viral etiology." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 6 (December 15, 2014): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1994.

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Aim. To study the features of cerebral blood flow at different structural and functional levels of the brain vascular system in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of viral etiology. Methods. A comprehensive ultrasound examination of the brain vascular system using an algorithm of cerebral arterial and venous blood flow examination based on the concept of the brain vascular system construction considering five structural and functional levels was performed in 65 chronic viral hepatitis patients and 61 patients with liver cirrhosis of viral etiology. The examination of the main brain

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McCarron, J. G., J. M. Quayle, W. Halpern, and M. T. Nelson. "Cromakalim and pinacidil dilate small mesenteric arteries but not small cerebral arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 261, no. 2 (August 1, 1991): H287—H291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.261.2.h287.

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Small elevations in external K+ hyperpolarize and dilate small cerebral arteries. The hyperpolarization and dilation to K+ are blocked by barium (less than 0.1 mM). Since membrane hyperpolarization appears to be an important mechanism for dilation of these small cerebral arteries, we investigated the effects of the hyperpolarizing vasodilators, cromakalim and pinacidil, on isolated pressurized rat cerebral arteries (diameter of 158 +/- 5 microns at 50% of the systolic blood pressure). Cromakalim and pinacidil, which are potent relaxants of a variety of muscle types, were without effect on post

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Nozaki, Kazuhiko, Yoshihiko Uemura, Shinichiro Okamoto, Haruhiko Kikuchi, and Noboru Mizuno. "Relaxant effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on cerebral arterial spasm induced by experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs." Journal of Neurosurgery 71, no. 4 (October 1989): 558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.71.4.0558.

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✓ This study examines the relaxant effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a 37-amino acid peptide with a potent vasodilator action, on cerebral arterial spasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The spasm was induced by injecting autologous arterial blood percutaneously into the cisterna magna in adult mongrel dogs. The single-injection model of SAH was produced by injection of 1.0 ml/kg body weight of blood (on Day 0), and the double-injection model involved two successive injections of 0.5 ml/kg body weight of blood made 48 hours apart (on Day 0 and Day 2). On vertebral angiogram

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