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Katz, Noomi, Sharon Cermak, and Yael Shamir. "Unilateral Neglect in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 2 (April 1998): 539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.2.539.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of attentional deficits in children with right and left hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Unilateral neglect and visuospatial deficits are common findings following right brain injury in adults. It has been suggested by some that children may show a similar pattern. Children were tested on several paper-and-pencil measures of neglect. It was hypothesized that (a) on the left side of the page, children with left hemiplegia (right hemispheric damage) will score significantly lower than both the control group and the right hemiplegia group and (b) on the right side of the page, there will be no significant difference between the control group and the right and left hemiplegic groups. Participants includ ed 32 children with cerebral palsy, 15 with left hemiplegia, 17 with right hemiplegia, and 32 matched controls. The ages ranged from 5 years 10 months to 12 years 6 months; all had normal intelligence. Inventories included 3 subtests of the Conventional part of the Behavioral Inattention Test, the Mesulam Symbol Cancellations tests, and the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure, copy and recall. Analysis indicated that children with left hemiplegia scored significantly more poorly than controls on seven of the eight measures on the left side of the page, but they did not consistently score more poorly than children with right hemiplegia. Moreover, the poorer performance of the children with left hemiplegia was not specific only to the left side of the page; they also scored significantly lower than the controls on five of the eight measures on the right side. These findings suggest that children with left hemiplegia may have relatively greater attentional and perceptual problems than children with right hemiplegia, but they do not clearly indicate a left unilateral neglect. Results also indicate that children with right hemiplegia have attentional and perceptual problems relative to controls, particularly on the more complex tasks of high demand.
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Wiklund, L. M., and P. Uvebrant. "HEMIPLEGIC CEREBRAL PALSY." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 11, no. 6 (November 1991): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-199111000-00076.
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Prabha, Jayanti, Areesha Alam, Chandrakanta Kumar, Rashmi Kumar, and Neera Kohli. "Neuroradiologic Features Associated With Severe Restriction of Functional Mobility in Children With Cerebral Palsy in North India." Journal of Child Neurology 36, no. 9 (March 12, 2021): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073821993613.
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Background: Few studies have focused on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain findings associated with functional mobility in cerebral palsy. Objective: To determine association between MRI findings and Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) levels in cerebral palsy. Methods: Prospective-observational study conducted in Pediatric Neurology Clinic at a public teaching hospital, Northern India. First 3 new cases of cerebral palsy were enrolled on particular neuro-clinic day per week for 1 year. Functional mobility was classified according to GMFCS. Association between MRI findings, cerebral palsy type, and GMFCS levels were evaluated using χ2 test. Results: A total of 138 cases (mean age 2.71 [SD = 1.91] years; male [64.5%]) were enrolled. Reported types of cerebral palsy were as follows: spastic quadriplegia (47.8%), spastic diplegia (28.35%), spastic hemiplegia (11.6%), extrapyramidal (6.5%), and ataxic/hypotonic (5.8%). GMFCS were classified into level 1 (13%), level 2 (7.2%), level 3 (4.3%), level 4 (10.9%), and level 5 (64.5%). Spastic quadriplegia and extrapyramidal cerebral palsy were significantly associated with higher (severe) levels (IV and V), whereas spastic diplegia and hemiplegia were significantly associated with lower (mild) levels (I-III) of GMFCS. MRI features of periventricular white matter injury, deep gray matter injury, basal ganglia and thalamic changes, and superficial gray matter injury were significantly associated with severe levels of GMFCS (V and IV). MRI was normal in 8 children (5 = mild category, 3 = severe category). Conclusion: Severe cerebral palsy is most often associated with spastic quadriplegia, extrapyramidal cerebral palsy, superficial gray matter lesions, deep gray matter lesions, and periventricular white matter injury. This information is useful for anticipating and addressing the needs of children with cerebral palsy and for prognostication.
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Mansha, Naeem Mohammad, Sumair Anwar, Itaat Ullah Khan Afridi, and Shazia Maqbool. "CEREBRAL PALSY;." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 06 (December 10, 2014): 1166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.06.2242.
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Background: Cerebral Palsy is a disorder of movement and postural balance due to insult to the brain. The injury to the developing brain may be prenatal, natal or postnatal. The diagnosis is clinical mainly. The spastic Cerebral Palsy is classified into monoplegic, hemiplegic, diplegic, and quadriplegic types. There is a difference in the frequency of these types of Cerebral Palsy in different studies. The patterns of various forms of Cerebral Palsy emerge gradually with a delay in developmental milestones. A spectrum of associated developmental disabilities has been found to be common in these children. Management is through a multi-disciplinary approach. Objectives: To find out the frequency of different types of Cerebral Palsy and degree of associated developmental delay. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out for a period of six months (October 1, 2006 to March 31, 2007) at The Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health Lahore. 100 Cases diagnosed as Cerebral Palsy on clinical basis were assessed for the type of cerebral palsy and the degree of associated developmental delay. Results: Out of the total 100 patients 54% had quadriplegia, 32% had diplegia, 10% had himiplegia and 4% had monoplegia. The total fifty-four cases of quadriplegic cerebral palsy 54 had developmental delay and amongst them 4 (7%) had mild delay, 16 (30%) had moderate delay while 34 (63%) had severe delay. Amongst the total forty-six other three types of cerebral palsy 12 (26%) had mild delay, 6 (13%) had moderate delay and 28 (61%) had severe delay. The P-value was >0.05. Conclusions: Quadriplegic is the commonest type of CP, associated with the factors (peri-natal more than socio-demographic) and had significant effect on the developmental parameters.
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Pak, Lale A., L. M. Kuzenkova, A. P. Fisenko, and A. V. Naidenko. "GENETICALLY DETERMINED DISEASES IN THE STRUCTURE OF CEREBRAL PALSY IN CHILDREN." Russian Pediatric Journal 21, no. 6 (April 30, 2019): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2018-21-6-324-330.
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There are presented results of own clinical studies of instrumental characteristics of children with hereditary diseases, initially observed with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Under the supervision, there were 44 children aged 2 to 16 years, including 23 boys and 21 girls. All patients were diagnosed with cerebral palsy at different age periods of life. At the same time, another type of cerebral palsy (G80.8) was established in 34 patients, spastic diplegia (G80.1) - in 5 patients, spastic cerebral palsy (G80.0) - in 4 children, pediatric hemiplegia (G80.2) - in 1 child. Prospective observation of patients revealed they to have separate phenotypic features not typical of cerebral palsy and brain MRI data, which determined the need to continue the diagnostic search with the involvement of molecular genetic studies and allowed us verifying a variety of genetically determined diseases. There is presented a comparative analysis of clinical symptoms and results of examinations of patients with genetically determined diseases and children with cerebral palsy.
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Ghali, Anmar jumaa, Khalid Ayad Al-Majmae, and Ahmed Adnan Nabat. "Clinical patterns of cerebral palsy with complications and neurodisabilities associated with cerebral palsy." Muthanna Medical Journal 8, no. 2 (August 28, 2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/1/2410-4590/2021-54-61.
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Cerebral palsy was a primary neuromotor disorder that affects the development of movement, muscular tone and posture due to injury to the developing brain in prenatal, natal, or post-natal period. cp is non progressive disease but it is changeable features with period. The objective of this study is to identify clinical types of cerebral palsy and neuro-disabilities associated with cerebral palsy patient. Data (2019-2020) on 100 children of cerebral palsy in central teaching hospital in Baghdad analysis include clinical patterns of cerebral palsy and topographic classification of spastic cerebral palsy. also, the complication and neurological disabilities associated with cerebral palsy. In this analysis found most of cerebral palsy patients (84%) were spastic according to topographic classification, (47%) of spastic cerebral palsy was diplegic type. (29%) quadriplegic cerebral palsy and (8%) of hemiplegic cerebral palsy. About neurological complication and disabilities associated with cerebral palsy, (79%) of cerebral palsy patients had speech disturbance. (53%) had epilepsy, (43%) Micro acephaly, (32%) of patients had growth retardation, (29 %) had ocular problems, and (15%) of cerebral palsy patients had mental retardation. In conclusions; the most common type of cerebral palsy was spastic cerebral palsy & according to a topographic classification diplegic spastic cerebral palsy was the most common type of Spastic cerebral palsy. About neurodisabilities associated with cerebral palsy, the most common disabilities were speech disturbance and epilepsy.
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Pak, L. A., L. M. Kuzenkova, A. P. Fisenko, and A. L. Kurenkov. "CEREBRAL PALSY: CLINICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS." Russian Pediatric Journal 22, no. 1 (October 7, 2019): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2019-22-1-4-11.
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There are presented own data of comprehensive clinical and instrumental examination of cerebral palsy (CP) patients. The study included 313 patients (183 boys and 130 girls) aged from 1 year to 18 years, with the established diagnosis of CP (ICD 10 code - G80). In addition, spastic CP (G80.0) was diagnosed in 103 patients, spastic diplegia (G80.1) in 98 patients, pediatric hemiplegia (G80.2) in 46 children, another type of CP (G80.8) - in 66 patients. The data of a comparative analysis of clinical symptoms and results of instrumental examinations of patients with various forms of CP are presented.
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Lopes, Patrícia Ayrosa C., Olga Maria S. Amancio, Roberta Faria C. Araújo, Maria Sylvia de S. Vitalle, and Josefina Aparecida P. Braga. "Food pattern and nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy." Revista Paulista de Pediatria 31, no. 3 (September 2013): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-05822013000300011.
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OBJECTIVES To assess the food intake pattern and the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 90 children from two to 12.8 years with cerebral palsy in the following forms: hemiplegia, diplegia, and tetraplegia. Nutritional status was assessed by weight, height, and age data. Food intake was verified by the 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire. The ability to chew and/or swallowing, intestinal habits, and physical activity were also evaluated. RESULTS For 2-3 year-old age group, the mean energy intake followed the recommended range; in 4-6 year-old age group with hemiplegia and tetraplegia, energy intake was below the recommended limits. All children presented low intake of carbohydrates, adequate intake of proteins and high intake of lipids. The tetraplegia group had a higher prevalence of chewing (41%) and swallowing (12.8%) difficulties compared to 14.5 and 6.6% of children with hemiplegia, respectively. Most children of all groups had a daily intestinal habit. All children presented mild physical activity, while moderate activity was not practiced by any child of the tetraplegia group, which had a significantly lower height/age Z score than those with hemiplegia (-2.14 versus -1.05; p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS The children with cerebral palsy presented inadequate dietary pattern and impaired nutritional status, with special compromise of height. Tetraplegia imposes difficulties regarding chewing/swallowing and moderate physical activity practice.
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Sobel, E., and RJ Giorgini. "Problems and management of the rearfoot in neuromuscular disease. A report of ten cases." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 89, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-89-1-24.
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Neuromuscular disease commonly affects the rearfoot as equinus, equinovarus, and equinovalgus deformity. Spastic hemiplegia caused by stroke, head injury, and cerebral palsy results in equinovarus deformity of the rearfoot. Spastic diplegia, most frequently caused by cerebral palsy, results in equinovalgus rearfoot deformity. Problems in ambulation, footwear, and bracing, as well as their orthopedic management, in patients with neuromuscular disease are discussed in a case-report format.
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Kusumaningrum, Ratna Dewi, Elizabeth Siti Herini, and Djauhar Ismail. "Association between type of cerebral palsy and the cognitive levels." Paediatrica Indonesiana 49, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi49.3.2009.186-8.
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Background Cerebral palsy is the main cause of physical disabilityduring childhood. Assessment is necessary to acknowledge thelevel of intelligence of the patients and to prevent impairmentsin order to plan the prompt intervention.Objectives To evaluate the cognitive levels of cerebral palsy andassociation between cognitive levels and its types.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on subjectsfrom Sekolah Luar Biasa Negeri 3 Yogyakarta. Intelligence wasmeasured using the Stanford-Binet intelligence scales, whereasdiagnosis of cerebral palsy was based on criteria of the AmericanAcademy for Cerebral Palsy (AACP). Data were analyzed usingchi-square test.Results There were 35 subjects, comprising of 21 boys and 14girls aged 5-18 years. The results show that in general, childrenwith cerebral palsy had mental retardation in several cognitivelevels. Children with hemiplegia type (1 subject) had IQ level that equals to mental retardation. Children with spastic diplegia type (6 subjects) showed borderline IQ (1) and mental retardation (5). Children with quadriplegia type ( 15 subjects) had superior IQ (1), borderline (7) and mental retardation (7). Out of 13 subjects with athetoid type 2, had borderline IQ (2), and mental retardation (11). The statistical analysis with chi-square test resulted in P = 0.114 (P < 0.05).Conclusion Our data showed that most patients with cerebral palsy had mental retardation of several cognitive level but there was no significant association between each type of cerebral palsy with cognitive levels.
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Rowan, Nollaig, and Hugh Monaghan. "Reading Achievement in Pupils with Cerebral Palsy (Hemiplegia)." Irish Journal of Psychology 10, no. 4 (January 1989): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03033910.1989.10557775.
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Laisram, Nonica, and Sucheta Saha. "Ambulatory Potential in Children with Cerebral Palsy." Indian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 28, no. 2 (2017): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10066-0001.
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ABSTRACT Ambulation is a major concern in cerebral palsy (CP) rehabilitation. The present study was carried out in 175 CP cases, belonging to the age group of 2 years and above. The aim of the article was to identify the independent ambulators in different types of CP, to study the age of achieving independent ambulation, and to determine some parameters that affect ambulatory outcome. Among 175 cases, 69 (39.4%) cases were found to be able to walk independently. Of this, the maximum number of cases were children with spastic hemiplegia, 37 of 39 (94.9%), followed by children with spastic paraplegia, 7 of 18 (41.1%) and diplegia, 15 of 45 (33.1%). Majority of these children were found to have either normal intelligence or mild degree of mental retardation (MR). Degree of spasticity was mild in these cases. Majority of the children who were able to walk had achieved independent sitting by 2 years of age, i.e., in 54 of 69 (78.3%) cases. The present study highlights that CP children with spastic hemiplegia had the highest potential for independent walking. Spasticity of mild degree in association with a normal intelligence or mild degree of MR and achievement of independent sitting by 2 years of age appear to be favorable for ambulation. How to cite this article Laisram N, Saha S. Ambulatory Potential in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Indian J Phy Med Rehab 2017;28(2):49-52.
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Dimitropoulou, Katherine, and Andrew Gordon. "4503 Adaptation of Motor Action in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.289.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We study the association of adaptive decision-making, motor planning, and neuromuscular constraints, in children with hemiplegia. We examine how children scale motor decisions to body mechanics and the distance of a target while reaching in sitting/standing, and if they can recalibrate motor decisions to sudden changes in body mechanics. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Forty-five 6-12 year-olds with hemiplegia and 45 age/gender matched typically developing controls participate in clinical tests (i.e. balance, visual perceptual skills, etc.) and 3 experiments. Children “reach to tap” toward a target while sitting with both preferred and not preferred arms under three conditions: regular elbow extension siting and standing and elbow extension range reduced by 50% via a splint while sitting. Trials are easy, ambiguous, and difficult. Motor decisions are compared to abilities and motion sensors (IMUs) worn at wrist, arm, sternum and lumbar area, record biomechanical strategies children use under different decisions. Synchronized video analysis presents biomechanical strategies under different decisions. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Data collection is still underway. A mixed models analysis is used to compare 2 (group: hemiplegic/typically developing) X 2 (arms: healthy/impaired & dominant/non dominant) X 3 (difficulty levels) the children’s decisions. Functional analysis is used to capture biomechanical strategies children use under different decisions and levels of difficulty. Exploration strategies are recorded relative to levels of difficulty. We will also compute correlations between affordance thresholds for all children and measures of sensation, range of motion, cognition and balance (in each posture). Lastly, a secondary analysis will compare behaviors of children with left/right hemisphere lesions, as they differ in spatial abilities. Preliminary results show that children with hemiplegia make errors with both their affected and unaffected side. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Motor deficits in children with hemiplegia are the primary focus of treatments. Motor learning interventions focus on biomechanical deficits. Results from these studies expand the focus to planning and cognitive control issues underlying motor deficits.
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Sathish G, Swarnakumari P, and Mridhula K Abraham. "Functional Strength Training In Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 5158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3120.
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To find out functional strength training exercise on improving gross motor function among the children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy children. Single group pre-experimental research design. The most common cause of movement disability in infancy is cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy patients have impairments such as spasticity, low muscle strength and selective motor control in their body function. Such deficiencies may limit activity performance and participation in everyday life. Improving and optimising activities and involvement are crucial treatment objectives. Functional strength workouts are vital to overcoming obstacles to improving the functionality of children with neurological issues. 92 subjects of spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsied aged 4-8, male and female with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy were selected under purposive sampling technique and received functional strength training exercise for a period of ten weeks. To assess the gross motor function (functional independence) pre and post the exercise program, Gross motor functional measure was used. Results: The pre and post measurements shows significant changes in the gross motor function among children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. The results of the post-test mean values show improvement in gross motor functions after functional strength training program (p<0.05). The functional strength training program proves that increased gross motor function and thereby improvement in functional abilities among children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy after ten weeks of intervention.
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M. Hamouda, Merhan, Nanees E. Mohamed, and Walaa A. Abd el-Nabie. "Effect of Pulley Therapy on Genurecurvatum in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: Randomized Controlled Trial." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 1961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211571961.
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Objectives: Genu recurvatum commonly represents a more challenging problem that interferes with activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pulley therapy on genu recurvatum in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Methods: Forty children with unilateral cerebral palsy aged from 3 to 6 years were randomly allocated into two equal groups: control group and study group. Both groups received designed physical therapy program in addition, study group received pulley therapy program instead of using free weights in control group for strengthening hamstring and tibialis anterior muscles. The program's protocol applied for one hour, three times per week for three successive months for each group. Degree of genu recurvatum was assessed pre- and post-treatment by using digital goniometer while, muscle strength of hamstring and tibialis anterior was assessed by using Lafayette manual muscle tester device. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement of all measured variables post treatment. The significant improvement after treatment in degree of genu recurvatum and muscle strength was obtained in favor to study group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Pulley therapy may be used within the rehabilitation program of children with unilateral cerebral palsy to treat genu recurvatum. Key words: Unilateral cerebral palsy, Hemiplegia, Genu recurvatum, Progressive resistance training, Pulley therapy.
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Hamouda, Merhan M., Nanees E. Mohamed, and Walaa A. Abd el-Nabie. "Effect of Pulley Therapy on Genurecurvatum in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: Randomized Controlled Trial." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 1994–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211571994.
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Objectives: Genu recurvatum commonly represents a more challenging problem that interferes with activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pulley therapy on genu recurvatum in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Methods: Forty children with unilateral cerebral palsy aged from 3 to 6 years were randomly allocated into two equal groups: control group and study group. Both groups received designed physical therapy program in addition, study group received pulley therapy program instead of using free weights in control group for strengthening hamstring and tibialis anterior muscles. The program's protocol applied for one hour, three times per week for three successive months for each group. Degree of genu recurvatum was assessed pre- and post-treatment by using digital goniometer while, muscle strength of hamstring and tibialis anterior was assessed by using Lafayette manual muscle tester device. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement of all measured variables post treatment. The significant improvement after treatment in degree of genu recurvatum and muscle strength was obtained in favor to study group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Pulley therapy may be used within the rehabilitation program of children with unilateral cerebral palsy to treat genu recurvatum. Key words: Unilateral cerebral palsy, Hemiplegia, Genu recurvatum, Progressive resistance training, Pulley therapy.
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MIYAJI, Takeshi. "Peripheral Nerve Function in Hemiplegia Resulting from Cerebral Palsy." Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 37, no. 9 (2000): 598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2490/jjrm1963.37.598.
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&NA;. "CEREBRAL PALSY IN LOW-BIRTHWEIGHT INFANTS. I. SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIA." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 8, no. 4 (July 1988): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-198807000-00059.
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Hullin, MG, JE Robb, and IR Loudon. "Kinetic gait patterns in hemiplegia in spastic cerebral palsy." Gait & Posture 2, no. 1 (March 1994): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(94)90021-3.
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Mavlyanova, Z. F. "Nutritional status of children with infantile cerebral palsy." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology 1, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-185-1-82-88.
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Purpose of the study.Reveal the typical disorders of nutritional status and identify characteristic disorders of the physical development of patients with cerebral palsy.Materials and methods.The features of the nutritional status of 128 children with various forms of cerebral palsy and 20 healthy children aged 3 to 14 years were studied. Physical development was assessed using standard public anthropometric parameters: weight, height, measurement of the circumference of the upper and lower extremities, determination of the thickness of the skin-fat fold using an electronic caliper according to the Durnin-Womersly method, as well as the calculated indices of Rohrer, Pigne, Vervac.Results.In children with cerebral palsy in compare with healthy children a decrease in the rate of increase in muscle mass, the absence of significant changes in the severity of subcutaneous fatty tissue and various variants of disharmonious types of development with characteristic anthropometric features were determined (85.9% in the main group versus 5% in the control group; Р <0.001). The most prominent disorders of the nutritional status were observed in patients with double hemiplegia and hyperkinetic form of cerebral palsy and were significant in relation to patients with hemiparetic, atonic-astatic forms and spastic diplegia (P <0.05–0.001)
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Guedin, Nolwenn, Joel Fluss, and Catherine Thevenot. "Dexterity and Finger Sense: A Possible Dissociation in Children With Cerebral Palsy." Perceptual and Motor Skills 125, no. 4 (June 3, 2018): 718–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518779473.
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Both hand and finger sensory perception and motor abilities are essential for the development of skilled gestures and efficient bimanual coordination. While finger dexterity and finger sensory perception can be impaired in children with cerebral palsy (CP), the relationship between these two functions in this population is not clearly established. The common assumption that CP children with better sensory function also demonstrate better motor outcomes has been recently challenged. To study these questions further, we assessed both finger dexterity and finger gnosia, the ability to perceive one’s own fingers by touch, in groups of 11 children with unilateral (i.e., hemiplegic CP) and 11 children with bilateral spastic CP (i.e., diplegic CP) and compared them with typical children. In our sample, children with hemiplegia exhibited finger dexterity deficit in both hands and finger gnosia deficit only in their paretic hand. In contrast, children with diplegia exhibited finger gnosia deficits in both hands and finger dexterity deficit only in their dominant hand. Thus, our results indicated that children with spastic hemiplegia and diplegia present different sensory and motor profiles and suggest that these two subgroups of CP should be considered separately in future experimental and clinical research. We discuss the implications of our results for rehabilitation.
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Churchill, John A. "A Study of Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 10, no. 4 (November 12, 2008): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1968.tb02918.x.
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UVEBRANT, PAUL. "HEMIPLEGIC CEREBRAL PALSY AETIOLOGY AND OUTCOME." Acta Paediatrica 77, s345 (May 1988): 1–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb14939.x.
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Di Nardo, Francesco, Annachiara Strazza, Alessandro Mengarelli, Stefano Cardarelli, Andrea Tigrini, Federica Verdini, Alberto Nascimbeni, Valentina Agostini, Marco Knaflitz, and Sandro Fioretti. "EMG-Based Characterization of Walking Asymmetry in Children with Mild Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy." Biosensors 9, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9030082.
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Hemiplegia is a neurological disorder that is often detected in children with cerebral palsy. Although many studies have investigated muscular activity in hemiplegic legs, few EMG-based findings focused on unaffected limb. This study aimed to quantify the asymmetric behavior of lower-limb-muscle recruitment during walking in mild-hemiplegic children from surface-EMG and foot-floor contact features. sEMG signals from tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius lateralis and foot-floor contact data during walking were analyzed in 16 hemiplegic children classified as W1 according to Winter’ scale, and in 100 control children. Statistical gait analysis, a methodology achieving a statistical characterization of gait by averaging surface-EMG-based features, was performed. Results, achieved in hundreds of strides for each child, indicated that in the hemiplegic side with respect to the non-hemiplegic side, W1 children showed a statistically significant: decreased number of strides with normal foot-floor contact; decreased stance-phase length and initial-contact sub-phase; curtailed, less frequent TA activity in terminal swing and a lack of TA activity at heel-strike. The acknowledged impairment of anti-phase eccentric control of dorsiflexors was confirmed in the hemiplegic side, but not in the contralateral side. However, a modified foot-floor contact pattern is evinced also in the contralateral side, probably to make up for balance requirements.
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Stout, J. L., B. Bruce, J. R. Gage, and L. Schutte. "Joint kinetic patterns in children with spastic hemiplegia cerebral palsy." Gait & Posture 3, no. 4 (December 1995): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(96)82871-2.
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Trisnowiyanto, Bambang, and Isna Andriani. "Cerebral Palsy Types Based on Kind of Disability Correlated with The Functional Independence." JURNAL KEBIDANAN 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jkb.v10i1.5593.
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Cerebral palsy is a collection of motor disorders caused by brain damage that occur before, during or after birth which can be caused by many factors such as, congenital, genetic, inflation, infection and poisoning during pregnancy, trauma and metabolic disorders. Children with cerebral palsy will mostly have problems with posture. Therefore, to find out the level of independence in children with cerebral palsy, it is necessary to have an examination carried out by health workers, especially physiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the most common type of CP that occurred in CP events which were correlated with the level of activities functional independence of the child's movements. This research was an observational descriptive study with a measuring instrument for the Gross Motor Function Classification System Expanded and Resived. Based on the analysis of the data obtained in the independent category of 33 children (6,3%) with quadriplegia spastic CP type, 34 children (6,5%) with diplegia spastic CP type, 15 children (2,9%) with spastic hemiplegia CP type , 19 children (3,6%) with atetoid CP type, and 28 children (5,4%) with hyponia CP type. On the other hands, in the dependent category there were 149 children (28,5%) with quadriplegia spastic CP type, 156 children (29,8%) with diplegia spastic CP type, 18 children (3,4%) with spastic hemiplegia CP type, 27 children (5,2%) with atetoid CP type, and 44 children (8,4%) with hyponia CP type. Conclusion the type of CP that has the highest prevalence was spastic group CP with a low or dependent level of independence, and correlates perfectly (+1) between the types of cerebral palsy with the level of functional independence of children based on pearson product moment.
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Panteliadis, Christos P., Christian Hagel, Dieter Karch, and Karl Heinemann. "Cerebral Palsy: A Lifelong Challenge Asks for Early Intervention." Open Neurology Journal 9, no. 1 (June 26, 2015): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874205x01509010045.
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One of the oldest and probably well-known examples of cerebral palsy is the mummy of the Pharaoh Siptah about 1196–1190 B.C., and a letter from Hippocrates (460–390 B.C.). Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common congenital or acquired neurological impairments in paediatric patients, and refers to a group of children with motor disability and related functional defects. The visible core of CP is characterized by abnormal coordination of movements and/or muscle tone which manifest very early in the development. Resulting from pre- or perinatal brain damage CP is not a progressive condition per se. However, without systematic medical and physiotherapeutic support the dystonia leads to muscle contractions and to deterioration of the handicap. Here we review the three general spastic manifestations of CP hemiplegia, diplegia and tetraplegia, describe the diagnostic procedures and delineate a time schedule for an early intervention.
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Fonseca, Sérgio T., Kenneth G. Holt, Linda Fetters, and Elliot Saltzman. "Dynamic Resources Used in Ambulation by Children With Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: Relationship to Kinematics, Energetics, and Asymmetries." Physical Therapy 84, no. 4 (April 1, 2004): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/84.4.344.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. The atypical walking pattern in children with spastic cerebral palsy is assumed to involve kinematic and morphological adaptations that allow them to move. The purpose of this study was to explore how the requirements of the task and the energy-generating and energy-conserving capabilities of children with cerebral palsy relate to kinematic and mechanical energy patterns of walking. Subjects. Six children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and a matched group of typically developing children participated in the study. Methods. Kinematic data were collected at 5 different walking speeds. Vertical stiffness, mechanical energy parameters, and landing angle were measured during the stance phase. Results. The affected side of the children with cerebral palsy showed greater vertical stiffness, a greater ratio of kinetic forward energy to potential energy, and a smaller landing angle when compared with those of the nonaffected lower extremity and with those of typically developing children. Discussion and Conclusion. Previous research has shown that children with cerebral palsy assumed a gait similar to an inverted pendulum on the nonaffected limb and a pogo stick on the affected limb. Our results indicate that asymmetries between lower extremities and differences from typically developing children in the landing angle of the lower extremity, vertical lower-extremity stiffness, and kinetic and potential energy profiles support the claim that walking patterns in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy emerge as a function of the resources available to them.
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Bruck, Isac, Sérgio Antônio Antoniuk, Adriane Spessatto, Ricardo Schmitt de Bem, Romeu Hausberger, and Carlos Gustavo Pacheco. "Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 59, no. 1 (March 2001): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2001000100008.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of epilepsy in patients with cerebral palsy in a tertiary center. METHODS: a total of 100 consecutive patients with cerebral palsy were retrospectively studied. Criteria for inclusion were follow-up period for at least 2 years. Types and incidence of epilepsy were correlated with the different forms of cerebral palsy. Other factors associated with epilepsy such as age of first seizure, neonatal seizures and family history of epilepsy were also analysed. RESULTS: follow-up ranged between 24 and 151 months (mean 57 months). The overall prevalence of epilepsy was 62%. Incidence of epilepsy was predominant in patients with hemiplegic and tetraplegic palsies: 70.6% and 66.1%, respectively. First seizure occurred during the first year of life in 74.2% of patients with epilepsy. Generalized and partial were the predominant types of epilepsy (61.3% and 27.4%, respectively). Thirty-three (53.2%) of 62 patients were seizure free for at least 1 year. Neonatal seizures and family history of epilepsy were associated with a higher incidence of epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: epilepsy in cerebral palsy can be predicted if seizures occur in the first year of life, in neonatal period and if there is family history of epilepsy.
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van der Heide, Jolanda C., and Mijna Hadders-Algra. "Postural Muscle Dyscoordination in Children With Cerebral Palsy." Neural Plasticity 12, no. 2-3 (2005): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.2005.197.
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The present paper gives an overview of the knowledge currently available on muscular dyscoordination underlying postural problems in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Such information is a prerequisite for developing successful therapeutic interventions in children with CP. Until now, three children with CP functioning at GMFCS (Gross Motor Function Classification System) level V have been documented. The children totally or partially lacked direction specificity in their postural adjustments and could not sit independently for more than 3 seconds. Some children functioning at GMFCS level IV have intact direction-specific adjustments, whereas others have problems in generating consistently direction-specific adjustments. Children at GMFCS levels I to III have an intact basic level of control but have difficulties in fine-tuning the degree of postural muscle contraction to the task-specific conditions, a dysfunction more prominently present in children with bilateral spastic CP than in children with spastic hemiplegia. The problems in the adaptation of the degree of muscle contraction might be the reason that children with CP, more often than typically developing children, show an excess of antagonistic coactivation during difficult balancing tasks and a preference for cranial-caudal recruitment during reaching. This might imply that both stereotypies might be regarded as functional strategies to compensate for the dysfunctional capacity to modulate subtly postural activity.
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Galli, Manuela, Veronica Cimolin, Chiara Rigoldi, Nunzio Tenore, and Giorgio Albertini. "Gait patterns in hemiplegic children with Cerebral Palsy: Comparison of right and left hemiplegia." Research in Developmental Disabilities 31, no. 6 (November 2010): 1340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2010.07.007.
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Helin, Marion, Manon Bachy, Claire Stanchina, and Frank Fitoussi. "Pronator teres selective neurectomy in children with cerebral palsy." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 43, no. 8 (June 5, 2018): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193418780590.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the results after selective pronator teres (PT) neurectomy in children with spastic hemiplegia. Patients with PT spasticity without contracture and an active supination improvement after PT botulinum toxin injection were included. Hand function and deformities were evaluated with the House score, Gschwind and Tonkin pronation deformity classification and Zancolli’s classification. Twenty-two patients (mean age 11.6 years) were included in this study. The average follow-up was 32.6 months. All but one patient improved their supination with a preoperative mean active supination of 5° (range −80–70°) and postoperative of 48° (range 10–90°). Active pronation was always maintained at the last follow-up. PT selective neurectomy appears to improve active and passive forearm supination and should be included in a global strategy of treatments to improve upper limb function in children with cerebral palsy. Level of evidence: IV
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Pawlak, Marta, Beata Wnuk, Daniela Kowalicka, and Aleksandra Rosłoniec. "Upper limb therapy in children with cerebral palsy (CP) – The Pirate Group." Advances in Rehabilitation 31, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rehab-2015-0079.
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Abstract Introduction: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) in the form of spastic hemiplegia experience numerous difficulties concerning an affected upper limb such as reaching for objects, gripping or manipulating them. These limitations affect their everyday activity. Conducting an effective and simultaneously an interesting therapy aimed at meeting the child’s individual needs and improving upper limb function is a challenge for a physiotherapist. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of upper limb therapy carried out within the project titled “The Pirate Group” based on Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) and Bimanual Training (BIT) conducted in a specially arranged environment. Material and methods: The research included 16 children with CP in the form of spastic hemiplegia. Mean age of the study participants was 4.23 years. The children underwent a two-week Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) combined with Bimanual Training (BIT). In order to evaluate the effects of the therapy, each child underwent the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) prior to the therapy and after its completion. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the results of AHA prior to and after the therapy (t(14)=9.12, p<0.0001). An improvement in the affected upper limb function was noted in all the children participating in the research. Conclusions: The project titled “The Pirate Group”, based on CIMT and BIT is an effective therapeutic intervention which improves spontaneous activity of the affected upper limb in children with hemiplegia.
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Cappellini, Germana, Francesca Sylos-Labini, Michael J. MacLellan, Annalisa Sacco, Daniela Morelli, Francesco Lacquaniti, and Yury Ivanenko. "Backward walking highlights gait asymmetries in children with cerebral palsy." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 1153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00679.2017.
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To investigate how early injuries to developing motor regions of the brain affect different forms of gait, we compared the spatiotemporal locomotor patterns during forward (FW) and backward (BW) walking in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Bilateral gait kinematics and EMG activity of 11 pairs of leg muscles were recorded in 14 children with CP (9 diplegic, 5 hemiplegic; 3.0–11.1 yr) and 14 typically developing (TD) children (3.3–11.8 yr). During BW, children with CP showed a significant increase of gait asymmetry in foot trajectory characteristics and limb intersegmental coordination. Furthermore, gait asymmetries, which were not evident during FW in diplegic children, became evident during BW. Factorization of the EMG signals revealed a comparable structure of the motor output during FW and BW in all groups of children, but we found differences in the basic temporal activation patterns. Overall, the results are consistent with the idea that both forms of gait share pattern generation control circuits providing similar (though reversed) kinematic patterns. However, BW requires different muscle activation timings associated with muscle modules, highlighting subtle gait asymmetries in diplegic children, and thus provides a more comprehensive assessment of gait pathology in children with CP. The findings suggest that spatiotemporal asymmetry assessments during BW might reflect an impaired state and/or descending control of the spinal locomotor circuitry and can be used for diagnostic purposes and as complementary markers of gait recovery.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Early injuries to developing motor regions of the brain affect both forward progression and other forms of gait. In particular, backward walking highlights prominent gait asymmetries in children with hemiplegia and diplegia from cerebral palsy and can give a more comprehensive assessment of gait pathology. The observed spatiotemporal asymmetry assessments may reflect both impaired supraspinal control and impaired state of the spinal circuitry.
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Noritake, K., J. L. Stout, and J. R. Gage. "Pelvic rotation during walking in children with spastic hemiplegia cerebral palsy." Gait & Posture 7, no. 2 (March 1998): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6362(98)90239-9.
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Cimolin, V., C. Rigoldi, M. Galli, N. Tenore, and G. Albertini. "Gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy: Right versus left hemiplegia." Gait & Posture 30 (October 2009): S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.07.009.
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Holt, Kenneth G., Robert Ratcliffe, and Suh-Fang Jeng. "Head Stability in Walking in Children With Cerebral Palsy and in Children and Adults Without Neurological Impairment." Physical Therapy 79, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 1153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/79.12.1153.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. The location of several sensory systems in the head implies that maintenance of head stability may be a potentially important part of locomotor activity. A limited amount of research, however, has been conducted to measure stability or to compare head stability among different groups. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a method for measuring head stability during walking could differentiate among 3 groups: (1) children with cerebral palsy, (2) children without neurological impairment, and (3) adults without neurological impairment. Subjects. Eight adults without known neurological impairment, 6 children without known neurological impairment, and 6 children with cerebral palsy and mild spastic hemiplegia were compared. Methods. Subjects walked on a treadmill at their preferred speed at a number of frequencies. Head stability was characterized by fluctuations in period and amplitude of head motion in the sagittal plane across walking cycles. Results. Mean period fluctuation was lower for the adults than for the children, and it was lower for the children without neurological impairments than for the children with cerebral palsy. Conclusion and Discussion. The method can be used to differentiate head stability among different groups during functional activities.
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NAZIR, BUSHRA, Muhammad Shamoon, Saifullah Sheikh, HINA AYESHA, and Muhammad Tariq Bhatti. "RELATIONSHIP OF TYPE OF CEREBRAL PALSY WITH THE ETIOLOGY." Professional Medical Journal 13, no. 01 (March 6, 2006): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.01.5073.
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Objectives: To determine the relationship of etiology with the type ofcerebral palsy in children. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Setting: Department of Paediatrics, Allied Hospital,Faisalabad. Period: From January 2002 to December 2004. Patients and Methods: 120 children from 1-12 years ofage of either sex who presented in Paediatric Department with abnormalities of tone, posture and movement andsubsequently diagnosed as cerebral palsy on the basis of history, physical examination and investigations, wereincluded. Results: Out of 120 cases the majority had spastic CP, 72% (n = 86) such as quadriplegic, diplegic andhemiplegic types. The spastic quadriplegia was mainly associated with birth asphyxia and meningoencephalitis.Prematurity and low birth weight were the major contributors towards diplegic CP, while spastic hemiplegia althoughless common was caused by meningoencephalitis in 5 cases and intra cranial bleed and asphyxia in 3 cases each.Atonic or hypotonic CP found in 23 cases, were caused by meningoencephalitis, kernicterus, birth asphyxia andprematurity. 10 cases of atonic CP did not have any reason (hence idiopathic). Athetoid CP was mainly due tokernicterus, meningoencephalitis and asphyxia. Ataxic and mixed types of CP were present in 3 cases each and weredue to meningoencephalitis and birth asphyxia.
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Desouza, Jinela, Mohan Patil, Yamini S., and A. B. Kurane. "Cerebral palsy: comorbidities, the second hidden side." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 11 (October 21, 2020): 2180. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20204541.
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Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common group of permanent disorders of motor impairment resulting from injury in the developing brain which are accompanied by comorbidities. Moreover, it has been observed that because of physical disabilities, the underlying comorbidities are neglected. The study aimed to assess the co-morbidities in children suffering from cerebral palsy in Kolhapur district.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among children suffering from cerebral palsy and presenting to Department of Paediatrics (n=250), D. Y. Patil Medical College, between October 2018 to October 2019. Detailed history with clinical examination were recorded in a pre-designed performa. The patients were classified according to the physiological and topographical classification. Data was analyzed using R software version 3.6.1. Variables were represented using frequency distribution, (p<0.05).Results: Of the total participants (n=250), male predominance was observed (n=140); with age range of 1-18 years. Common form of cerebral palsy was spastic type (n=140; 56%). Most common type among spastic CP was diplegia (n=96; 38%). Children were suffering from speech abnormality in spastic CP cases (n=65). Among spastic hemiplegic cases all the children were suffering from intellectual disability (n=3).Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that the motor impairment in just the top notch, the actual disability is the underlying co morbidities.
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Ozkan, Yasemin. "Child’s quality of life and mother’s burden in spastic cerebral palsy: a topographical classification perspective." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 8 (April 24, 2018): 3131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518772758.
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Objective To evaluate the child’s quality of life (QoL), mother’s burden, and correlation between these parameters in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods Children with spastic CP (n = 120; mean age: 8.64 ± 3.45 years; range: 2–17 years) were classified into three groups of diplegia, hemiplegia, and quadriplegia based on topographical classification. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and Zarit Burden Interview were used to determine the child’s QoL and the mother’s burden scores, respectively. Results Children’s QoL scores were lower in the quadriplegia group than in the hemiplegia and diplegia groups (except for emotional functioning). The mother’s burden was lower in the quadriplegia group than in the other groups, and it was lower in the diplegia group than in the hemiplegia group. Increases in children’s QoL scores were associated with decreases in the mothers’ burden scores. Conclusion Children’s QoL is associated with the mother’s burden in spastic CP, and quadriplegic children and their mothers are more affected. The burden of mothers ranked the highest in the quadriplegia group, followed by the diplegia group and the hemiplegia group. Topographical classification is a good indicator for children’s QoL and the mother’s burden in spastic CP.
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Robertson, Charlene M. T., M. Florencia Ricci, Kathleen O’Grady, Maryam Oskoui, Helly Goez, Jerome Y. Yager, and John C. Andersen. "Prevalence Estimate of Cerebral Palsy in Northern Alberta: Births, 2008-2010." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 44, no. 4 (March 21, 2017): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2017.33.
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AbstractObjectives: The objectives of this study were to determine prevalence estimates of cerebral palsy (CP) among 5-year-old children in northern Alberta; to provide congenital, gestational age– and birth weight–specific, and postneonatal CP rates; and to describe motor subtypes and function. Methods: This population-based prevalence estimate study, part of the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry, reports confirmed CP diagnoses at age 5 years made by pediatric rehabilitation and child neurology specialists. Prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) used Alberta government denominators of same-age children and live births. Results: The Northern Alberta CP rate (birth years, 2008-2010) for 173 5-year-old children is 2.22 (95% CI 2.12, 2.32) per 1000 5-year-old children. The congenital CP rate is 1.99 (95% CI, 1.89-2.09) per 1000 live births; unilateral congenital CP, 1.0 (95% CI, 0.64-1.36) per 1000 live births; and postneonatal CP, 0.12 (95% CI, 0.1-0.14) per 1000 live births. Gestational age-specific rates are similar: age <28 weeks, 27.2 (95% CI, 23.05-31.35) and 28 to 31 weeks, 29.5 (95% CI, 25.78-33.22). Motor subtypes for 169 children (data missing, 4; male, 97; postnatal, 9) are: spastic, 148 (87.6%) including 31 (20.9%) with diplegia, 10 (6.8%) triplegia, 33 (22.2%) quadriplegia, 74 (50%) hemiplegia/monoplegia); and dyskinetic, 18 (10.6%) and ataxic, 3 (1.8%). A total of 107 (63.3%) ambulate without assistive devices and 111(65.7%) handle most objects with their hands independently. Conclusions: This is the fourth Canadian CP prevalence study; one from Quebec used a similar case ascertainment approach and two 1980s studies from Alberta and British Columbia used administrative databases. Northern Alberta CP rates are comparable with other developed countries. The hemiplegic subtype is the most common. Rates among preterm children have declined but are similar for the <28 and 28 to 31 gestation-week groups.
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Perera, G. Y. A. Shanya I., and W. M. N. Dilshani Ranasinghe. "DESIGN APPROACH TO REHABILITATION: DEVELOPING THERAPY ASSISTIVE PRODUCTS FOR CHILDREN WITH HEMIPLEGIC CEREBRAL PALSY." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 12, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i2.1528.
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Therapy plays an important role in rehabilitation of children suffering from physical disabilities. Disability conditions like Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy require vigorous therapy measures, which could be unappealing to children. Using therapy assistive products for rehabilitation can make therapy activities engaging and appealing to children and yield effective outcomes. However, there is limited availability of context based therapy assistive products, which are engaging, and appealing to children suffering from Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy. This study explores how design methodology can be used to develop therapy assistive products for rehabilitation of children with disability. The study is based on developing a set of therapy assistive products to improve the hand-skills of children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy. Developing therapy assistive products require comprehensive understanding of therapeutic aspects, design aspects and careful integration of the two disciplines. Hence, practicing multidisciplinary and participatory design approaches in the design process is imperative. Usability of therapy assistive products are highly impactive in nature, and therefore an iterative process of prototyping, testing, receiving constructive feedback and developing the products based on feedback should be adopted to achieve feasible and functional outcomes.
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Ergasheva, Nargiza, Sardor Anorboev, and Gavkhar Kendjaeva. "CEREBRAL PALSY:A CLINICAL OVERVIEW." JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGICAL RESEARCH 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0982-2020-3-12.
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder characterized by abnormal tone, posture and movement. The incidence of CP is 2–4 per 1,000 live births in the world. Prematurityand low birth weight are important risk factors for CP; however, multiple other factors have been associated with an increased risk for CP, including maternal infections and diseases, and abnormal birth process. In most cases of CP the initial injury to the brain occurs during early fetal brain development, later a brain area that is injured cannot function properly in the future. CP is classified clinically based on the predominant motor syndrome—spastic hemiplegia, spastic diplegia, spastic quadriplegia, ataxic and dyskinetic cerebral palsies. The diagnosis of CPis based on a combination of clinical history, use of standardized neuromotor assessment and findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). If there is a suspicionof genetic or inborn metabolic disorders, screening tests should be provided additionally. Because CP is associated with multiple associated and secondary medical conditions, its management requires a multidisciplinary team approach
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Khoshbakht, Moloud, Parvin Raji, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, and Mahmoud Mahmodian. "Impact of somatosensory interventions on upper limb function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a single-subject design study." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2019.0122.
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Background/aims Hemiplegia is one of the most common types of cerebral palsy. Upper limb dysfunction in these children can affect their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of somatosensory interventions on upper extremity sensory and motor functions in spastic hemiplegic children. Methods This single-subject study was performed in the occupational therapy clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Three participants (two boys and one girl) aged 8–12 years with spastic hemiplegia were assessed during baseline, treatment and follow-up phases. During the treatment phase, the children received 12 tactile and proprioceptive stimulation (active, passive and playful) sessions over 4 weeks. Four sensory measures (tactile localisation, stereognosis, two-point discrimination, proprioception) and one motor measure (Box and Block Test) were assessed during each phase. Results Improvement in function was seen in all three children based on visual analysis, with significant differences between the baseline and treatment scores in the majority of measures for all participants. Changes were sustained at follow up for most tests. The effect size was large for all three children. Conclusions Despite the small number of participants, sensory intervention with a focus on sensory deficits could help to improve upper extremity sensory and motor function in children with spastic hemiplegia.
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Ng, Zhi Min, Jeremy B. Lin, Poh Choo Khoo, Victor Samuel Rajadurai, Derrick WS Chan, Hian Tat Ong, Janice Wong, et al. "Causes, functional outcomes and healthcare utilisation of people with cerebral palsy in Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 50, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020489.
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Introduction: A voluntary cerebral palsy (CP) registry was established in 2017 to describe the clinical characteristics and functional outcomes of CP in Singapore. Methods: People with CP born after 1994 were recruited through KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, National University Hospital and Cerebral Palsy Alliance Singapore. Patient-reported basic demographics, service utilisation and quality of life measures were collected with standardised questionnaires. Clinical information was obtained through hospital medical records. Results: Between 1 September 2017 and 31 March 2020, 151 participants were recruited. A majority (n=135, 89%) acquired CP in the pre/perinatal period, where prematurity (n=102, 76%) and the need for emergency caesarean section (n=68, 50%) were leading risk factors. Sixteen (11%) of the total participants had post-neonatally acquired CP. For predominant CP motor types, 109 (72%) had a spastic motor type; 32% with spastic mono/hemiplegia, 41% diplegia, 6% triplegia and 21% quadriplegia. The remaining (42, 27.8%) had dyskinetic CP. Sixty-eight (45.0%) participants suffered significant functional impairment (Gross Motor Functional Classification System levels IV–V). Most participants (n=102, 67.5%) required frequent medical follow-up (≥4 times a year). Conclusion: Optimisation of pre- and perinatal care to prevent and manage prematurity could reduce the burden of CP and their overall healthcare utilisation. Keywords: Cerebral palsy, functional outcomes, neonatal, registry
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Yasukawa, A. "Upper Extremity Casting: Adjunct Treatment for a Child With Cerebral Palsy Hemiplegia." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 44, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.44.9.840.
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Suzuki, Takahiro, Takashi Nakamura, Shigeru Saeki, and Setsuro Ogawa. "Vecuronium-Induced Neuromuscular Blockade in a Patient with Cerebral Palsy and Hemiplegia." Anesthesia & Analgesia 91, no. 2 (August 2000): 492–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-200008000-00049.
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Suzuki, Takahiro, Takashi Nakamura, Shigeru Saeki, and Setsuro Ogawa. "Vecuronium-Induced Neuromuscular Blockade in a Patient with Cerebral Palsy and Hemiplegia." Anesthesia & Analgesia 91, no. 2 (August 2000): 492–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200008000-00049.
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Eyong, Komomo I., Asindi A. Asindi, and Chimaeze Torty. "Aetiology and comorbidities of cerebral palsy in a developing country." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 3246. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184026.
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Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common disabling condition of movement and posture causing activity limitation arising from a static injury to the developing brain. Common risk factors for cerebral palsy in Africa include severe birth asphyxia, kernicterus and neonatal infections. This study is aimed at determining the aetiology and comorbidities associated with cerebral palsy in our environment.Methods: All children with CP presenting to the Paediatric Neurology clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital whose parent gave consent were recruited into the study. The biodata of the children and that of the parent’s/ care givers were obtained. A detailed pregnancy and delivery history, neonatal history, seizures during first three years of life and developmental mile stones was documented.Results: Seventy children with CP were recruited into the study of which 46 (65.7%) were males and 24 (34.3%) females. Majority of the children were from low social class and products of home, church or TBA’S delivery where supervision is poor. Severe birth asphyxia and CNS infections are the commonest identified risk factors. Spastic quadriplegic CP is the dominant type of CP followed by spastic hemiplegia. There is a significant statistical relationship between the aetiology and the type of CP. Epilepsy (60%) speech defect (42.9%) and microcephaly (40%) are the predominant comorbidities seen in the study. Cortical atrophy and ventricular dilatation are predominant CT findings in contrast to periventricular leukomalecia seen in developed countries.Conclusions: Majority of the patients with CP in this study are from low social class and were delivered in places with poor obstetrics care. Improved perinatal care through an adequate social support system may reduce the burden of the disease.
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Choudhry, Muhammad Naghman, Haris Naseem, Ihsan Mahmood, Adeel Aqil, and Tahir Khan. "(in vivo Gastrocnemius Muscle) Tendon Ratio in Patients with Cerebral Palsy." Open Orthopaedics Journal 11, no. 1 (July 28, 2017): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001711010577.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The position of the gastrocnemius tendon in relation to the leg length may be different in children with cerebral palsy as compared to normal children. The palpation of muscle bellies or previous experience of the operating surgeon is employed to place the surgical incision for lengthening of the gastrocnemius aponeurosis. Inaccurate localisation may cause incorrect incisions and a risk of iatrogenic damage to the vital structures (i.e. sural nerve). Objectives: The aim of our study is to compare gastrocnemius length in-vivo between paretic and unaffected children and create a formula to localise the muscle–tendon junction accurately. Methods: 10 children with di/hemiplegia (range 2-14y) were recruited. None of them had received any conventional medical treatment. An equal number of age/sex matched, typically developing children (range 4-14y) were recruited. Ultrasound scanning of the gastrocnemius muscle at rest was performed to measure the length of gastrocnemius bellies. We also measured the heights and leg lengths in all the children. Results: The gastrocnemius medial muscles were shorter in Cerebral Palsy children when compared to similar aged normal children. In cerebral palsy children, the gastrocnemius muscle and leg ratio ranged between 35 to 50% (average ratio of 45%). Conclusion: Using these figures, we created an average percentage for gastrocnemius muscle length that may be used clinically to identify the tendon for open/endoscopic lengthening and also to make simple and accurate localisation of gastrocnemius muscle-tendon junction for surgical access. This decreases the length of the surgical incision and may reduce the risk of iatrogenic injuries.