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Academic literature on the topic 'Cerebral ventricles/abnormalities'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cerebral ventricles/abnormalities"
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Mourot, A., T. d'Amato, T. Rochet, M. Marie-Cardine, C. Artéaga, JP Martin, and J. Dalery. "Cerebral investigation of healthy siblings of schizophrenics." European Psychiatry 12, no. 6 (1997): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(97)84785-2.
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SummaryComputed tomography (CT) studies have demonstrated that lateral ventricular size measured by ventricular brain ratio (VBR), as well as third ventricle width, is statistically enlarged in schizophrenics. Moreover, these cerebral abnormalities differ according to symptomatology evaluated with a positive and negative symptom scale. The aim of this study was to investigate, using CT scans, healthy siblings of schizophrenics, and relate the results to their ill siblings. Nineteen healthy siblings of 12 previously studied schizophrenics underwent CT scans, which were compared to those of their related schizophrenic sibling and to 17 unrelated control subjects. The results showed that in ten of 12 families, schizophrenics have larger ventricles (lateral and third ventricles) than their healthy siblings. Ventricular enlargement of healthy siblings was correlated with severity of negative symptoms of their ill sibling. Implications of a familial contribution for ventricular size and negative symptoms are discussed.
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Przyborowska, Paulina, Zbigniew Adamiak, and Yauheni Zhalniarovich. "Quantification of cerebral lateral ventricular volume in cats by low- and high-field MRI." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 10 (November 10, 2016): 1080–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16676434.
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Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate variations in lateral ventricles in the examined feline population with the use of quantitative analysis methods to determine whether sex or body weight influenced the size of the ventricles, and to identify any significant differences in the results of low- and high-field MRI. Methods Twenty healthy European Shorthair cats, aged 1–3 years, with body weights ranging from 2.85–4.35 kg, were studied. MRI of brain structures was performed in a low- and a high-field MRI system. The height of the brain and lateral ventricles at the level of the interthalamic adhesion, and volume of the lateral ventricles were determined in T2-weighted images in the transverse plane. The degree of symmetry of lateral ventricles was analysed based on the ratio of right to left ventricular volume. The measured parameters were processed statistically to determine whether sex and body weight were significantly correlated with variations in ventricular anatomy. The results of low- and high-field MRI were analysed to evaluate for any significant differences. Results The average brain height was determined to be 27.79 mm, and the average height of the left and right ventricles were 2.98 mm and 2.89 mm, respectively. The average ventricle/brain height ratio was 10.61%. The average volume of the left ventricle was 134.12 mm3 and the right ventricle was 130.49 mm3. Moderately enlarged ventricles were observed in two cats. Moderate ventricular asymmetry was described in four cats. Sex and body weight had no significant effect on the evaluated parameters. The differences in the results of low- and high-field MRI were not statistically significant. Conclusions and relevance This study has determined reference intervals for ventricular volume in a population of European Shorthair cats without brain disease, which will facilitate the interpretation of MRI images and the characterisation of brain abnormalities in cats with neurological disease. Further research involving larger animal populations, including other breeds, is required to compare the measured parameters between breeds and to determine reference values for other breeds.
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Rosa, Rafael Fabiano Machado, Carla Graziadio, Rene Lenhardt, Ronnie Peterson Marcondes Alves, Giorgio Adriano Paskulin, and Paulo Ricardo Gazzola Zen. "Central nervous system abnormalities in patients with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (Goldenhar syndrome)." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 68, no. 1 (February 2010): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2010000100021.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the central nervous system (CNS) alterations present in a sample of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) patients, trying to correlate them with other clinical features. METHOD: Seventeen patients with diagnosis of OAVS were evaluated. All presented radiological evaluation of the CNS, normal GTG-Banding karyotype and clinical features involving at least two from the four following areas: oro-cranio-facial, ocular, auricular and vertebral. RESULTS: CNS alterations were verified in eight from seventeen patients (47%). Diffuse cerebral hypoplasia, dilated lateral cerebral ventricles (asymptomatic hydrocephalus), corpus callosum dysgenesis and frontal hypodensities were the most frequent abnormalities. Presence of ophthalmologic abnormalities was the only clinical association observed, being significantly more frequent among patients with cerebral alterations (63% versus 11%). CONCLUSION: CNS abnormalities are frequent in patients with OAVS, especially in carriers of ophthalmologic alterations. However, the absence of detectable cerebral abnormalities did not exclude the possibility that these subjects will subsequently present neurological symptoms.
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Pinto, Vincenzo, and Cristina A. Rossi. "Fetal Cerebral Ventriculomegaly: Sonographic Diagnostic Workup." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2, no. 3 (2008): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1070.
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Abstract Dilatation of the fetal cerebral ventricles (ventriculomegaly) is a generic sonographic sign, which is common to several pathological entities carrying different prognosis. Ventriculomegaly is easily recognized by ultrasound by measuring the atrial width. This simple measure allows the recognition of even mild forms of ventricular dilatation and is used as a screening method for ventriculomegaly. However, although the diagnosis of ventriculomegaly is easy, the prenatal identification of the cause of ventricular dilatation is a more difficult task. The recognition of associated brain anomalies is a crucial point. The research of the cause of ventriculomegaly is clinically useful, since the prognosis mainly depends on the etiology and on the presence of associated abnormalities. In this article the role of prenatal sonography in recognizing the cause of the ventriculomegaly is reviewed.
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Kim, Woojun, Min Su Park, Sang Hyun Lee, Su-Hyun Kim, In Ja Jung, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Tatsuro Misu, Kazuo Fujihara, and Ho Jin Kim. "Characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in central nervous system aquaporin-4 autoimmunity." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 16, no. 10 (August 4, 2010): 1229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458510376640.
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Background: Although neuromyelitis optica has been traditionally regarded as a disease without brain involvement, brain abnormalities are not uncommon in patients with neuromyelitis optica-related disorders. Methods: We aimed to characterize the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients who are seropositive for anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibody (AQP4 Ab). Of 236 consecutive patients with inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system diseases, we retrospectively analyzed MRI characteristics of 78 patients who were seropositive for AQP4 Ab. Results: For an average observational period of 6.3 years, 62 patients (79%) had brain lesions on MRI. Twenty-four patients (31%) had brain MRI abnormalities at the onset of disease, and 35 (45%) had symptomatic brain involvement. Characteristic brain MRI abnormalities were classified into five categories: (1) lesions involving corticospinal tracts (e.g. posterior limb of internal capsule and cerebral peduncle (44%); (2) extensive hemispheric lesions likely due to vasogenic edema (29%); (3) periependymal lesions surrounding aqueduct and the third and fourth ventricles (22%); (4) periependymal lesions surrounding lateral ventricles (40%); and (5) medullary lesions, often contiguous with cervical lesions (31%). Fifty-four patients (69%) showed at least one kind of brain abnormality among the five characteristic MRI lesions. Ten patients showed gadolinium-enhancing lesions, which were characterized by multiple patchy enhancing patterns with blurred margins. Conclusions: In central nervous system AQP4 autoimmunity, brain MRI abnormalities were more common than is generally appreciated and were characterized by their unique localization and configuration.
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Andescavage, Nickie N., Adre DuPlessis, Robert McCarter, Gilbert Vezina, Richard Robertson, and Catherine Limperopoulos. "Cerebrospinal Fluid and Parenchymal Brain Development and Growth in the Healthy Fetus." Developmental Neuroscience 38, no. 6 (2016): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000456711.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to apply quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to characterize absolute cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) development, as well as its relative development to fetal brain parenchyma in the healthy human fetus. Design: We created three-dimensional high-resolution reconstructions of the developing brain for healthy fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks' gestation, segmented the parenchymal and CSF spaces, and calculated the volumes for the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles; extra-axial CSF space; and the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. From these data, we constructed normograms of the resulting volumes according to gestational age and described the relative development of CSF to fetal brain parenchyma. Results: Each CSF space demonstrated major increases in volumetric growth during the second half of gestation: third ventricle (23-fold), extra-axial CSF (11-fold), fourth ventricle (8-fold), and lateral ventricle (2-fold). Total CSF volume was related to total brain volume (p < 0.01), as was lateral ventricle to cerebral volume (p < 0.01); however, the fourth ventricle was not related to cerebellar or brainstem volume (p = 0.18-0.19). Relevance: Abnormalities of the CSF spaces are the most common anomalies of neurologic development detected on fetal screening using neurosonography. Normative values of absolute CSF volume, as well as relative growth in comparison to intracranial parenchyma, provide valuable insight into normal fetal neurodevelopment. These data may provide important biomarkers of early deviations from normal growth, better distinguish between benign variants and early disease, and serve as reference standards for postnatal growth and development in the premature infant.
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Shimoji, Koki, Mai Ogura, Sanae Gamou, Seki Yunokawa, Hidetoshi Sakamoto, Satoru Fukuda, and Shigeho Morita. "A new approach for observing cerebral cisterns and ventricles via a percutaneous lumbosacral route by using fine, flexible fiberscopes." Journal of Neurosurgery 110, no. 2 (February 2009): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2007.12.17287.
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Object To establish a new method for the diagnosis of central nervous system diseases, the authors visualized the cerebral cisterns and ventricles via a percutaneous lumbosacral route by using newly developed fine, flexible fiberscopes. Methods Fine, flexible fiberscopes, 0.9 and 1.4 mm in diameter, were introduced up to the cerebral cisterns and ventricles through a percutaneous lumbosacral route in awake patients with chronic headache and/or neck pain or those undergoing spinal surgery and in whom MR imaging did not disclose any particular abnormalities in the brain. A lumbosacral subarachnoid puncture was made with a modified method of a continuous epidural block. Results In 25 of 31 patients tested, the cerebellomedullary and/or pontine/interpeduncular cisterns were easily and safely reached, and the brainstem structures were visualized. Advancement of the fiberscope beyond the spinal level was abandoned in 6 patients with adhesive spinal arachnoiditis, because the fiberscopes encountered resistance seemingly caused by arachnoid adhesions. Further advancement of the fiberscopes up to the fourth and third ventricles was successfully achieved in 2 patients. A number of arachnoid filaments were found in the cerebellomedullary cistern in 4 patients: 2 with chronic spinal arachnoiditis, 1 with a spinal arachnoid cyst, and 1 with posttraumatic pain syndrome. None of the patients reported pain or any major complication except a postspinal headache and light fever, which were encountered in 4 and 1 patient, respectively. Conclusions The approach to the supraspinal structures via the lumbosacral route by using a fine, flexible fiberscope may provide a new, minimally invasive, and safe way to observe the cerebral cisterns and/or brainstem regions.
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Blondiaux, Eléonore, and Catherine Garel. "Fetal cerebral imaging – ultrasound vs. MRI: an update." Acta Radiologica 54, no. 9 (November 2013): 1046–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ar.2012.120428.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the advantages and limitations of prenatal ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of the fetal brain. These imaging modalities should not be seen as competitive but rather as complementary. There are wide variations in the world regarding screening policies, technology, skills, and legislation about termination of pregnancy, and these variations markedly impact on the way of using prenatal imaging. According to the contribution expected from each technique and to local working conditions, one should choose the most appropriate imaging modality on a case-by-case basis. The advantages and limitations of US and MRI in the setting of fetal brain imaging are displayed. Different anatomical regions (midline, ventricles, subependymal area, cerebral parenchyma, pericerebral space, posterior fossa) and pathological conditions are analyzed and illustrated in order to compare the respective contribution of each technique. An accurate prenatal diagnosis of cerebral abnormalities is of utmost importance for prenatal counseling.
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Sá, Maria José, Rui Vaz, and Celso Cruz. "Cerebrospinal fluid cytomorphologic findings in 41 intracranial tumors: a retrospective review." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 53, no. 2 (June 1995): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1995000200006.
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The main objective of this retrospective review of clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data from 41 patients with intracranial tumors diagnosed between 1975 and 1989, is to report the role that the finding of neoplastic cells in CSF plays, specially when cerebral CT-scanning and MRI were not currently done. Another objective is to study the CSF proteic abnormalities in cerebral tumors. CSF cell count, cytomorphologic pictures obtained after sedimentation and protein findings are described. Tumor cells were seen in 12 cases (29%): medulloblastomas - 6, meningeal carcinomatosis - 3, multiforme glioblastoma - 1, ependymoma -1, cerebral metastasis -1; in two cases it was an unexpected finding. We noticed that tumoral localization next to the ventricles favoured cell exfoliation. Although pleocytosis was rare and uncorrelated with the presence of neoplastic cells, pathological cytomorphologic pictures appeared in most of the cases including all "positive" ones. Our results stress that the appearance of neoplastic cells in CSF remains helpful specially when it is an unexpected finding.
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Rais, M., W. Cahn, H. G. Schnack, H. E. Hulshoff Pol, R. S. Kahn, and N. E. M. van Haren. "Brain volume reductions in medication-naive patients with schizophrenia in relation to intelligence quotient." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 9 (February 23, 2012): 1847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712000098.
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BackgroundGlobal brain abnormalities such as brain volume loss and grey- and white-matter deficits are consistently reported in first-episode schizophrenia patients and may already be detectable in the very early stages of the illness. Whether these changes are dependent on medication use or related to intelligence quotient (IQ) is still debated.MethodMagnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained for 20 medication-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 26 matched healthy subjects. Volume measures of total brain grey and white matter, third and lateral ventricles and cortical thickness/surface were obtained. Differences between the groups were investigated, taking into account the effect of intelligence.ResultsMedication-naive patients showed statistically significant reductions in whole-brain volume and cerebral grey- and white-matter volume together with lateral ventricle enlargement compared to healthy subjects. IQ was significantly lower in patients compared to controls and was positively associated with brain and white-matter volume in the whole group. No significant differences in cortical thickness were found between the groups but medication-naive patients had a significantly smaller surface in the left superior temporal pole, Heschl's gyrus and insula compared to controls.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that brain volume loss is present at illness onset, and can be explained by the reduced surface of the temporal and insular cortex. These abnormalities are not related to medication, but IQ.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cerebral ventricles/abnormalities"
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Ramos, Carla Bicudo. ""Ventriculomegalia cerebral fetal isolada: correlação do diâmetro do átrio com o prognóstico pós-natal"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-31052006-151503/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar a gravidade da ventriculomegalia cerebral fetal isolada com o desenvolvimento neurológico pós-natal. Um total de 36 fetos com diagnóstico ultra-sonográfico de ventriculomegalia cerebral isolada foram acompanhados e avaliados quanto ao seu desenvolvimento neurológico entre 0 e 26 meses. Foi definido como ventriculomegalia leve a medida do átrio entre 10 a 15 mm e grave, maior que 15 mm Nos casos de ventriculomegalia grave (n = 19) tivemos 6 óbitos e 3 alterações neurológicas graves. No grupo de ventriculomegalia leve (n = 16) observou-se 3 alterações neurológicas levesThe objective of this study was to correlate the severity of the isolated fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly with the postnatal neurological development. Thirty-six fetuses with ultrasonographic cerebral ventriculomelagy diagnostic were attended and neurological development at the 0 to 26 life months. The definition of according to the ventricular atrium measurements: mild 10 to 15 mm and severe over 15 mm ventriculolomegaly. There cases severe ventriculomegaly (n = 19) the postnatal mortality.6 and 3 neurological development severe. The group with mild ventriculomegaly (n = 16) the neurological development evaluation 3 was light alterations